中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点时事话题专练21科幻前沿
主要内容
阅读理解 作者从异种器官移植报道中获得灵感，创作小说《Pig Heart Boy》的故事
本年度最畅销的四本科幻小说
论述了怀疑和科学的密切关系
作者对克隆灭绝物种进行了分析
任务型阅读 《星球大战》这部影片的特点和它在电影史上的重要影响
中文小说深受英国读者的欢迎并分析了背后的原因
一、阅读理解
（2024·江苏模拟） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
I' m a layperson with a love of science who occasionally reads science magazines. My approach was from an author' s angle, spending months on research before waiting a single word for Pig Heart Boy.
So where did I get the idea Whenever I attend a school event, that question is asked. The answer is simple. Back in the mid 1990s, I read a newspaper article written by a doctor who guessed that we would eventually have to turn to xenotransplantation (异种器官移植) as a possible solution to the lack of human organ donors. It left my mind filled with questions. What are the consequences Do we really have the right to treat animals as mere organ sources for humans So I headed to my nearest bookshop and bought all the books I could on heart transplants in particular.
I' ve found questions are one of the best places to start from when writing a novel. In my story Cameron, who needs a heart transplant, knows he is unlikely to see his next birthday unless he receives one, but he is a long way down the waiting list. When a genetically modified (GM) pig' s heart is offered by a pioneering doctor, Cameron decides to go for it—and his new heart completely changes his life in unexpected ways.
Now some people think that the subject matter is not suitable for children, criticizing the cruel and inhuman ways of xenotransplantation. I completely disagree. As a children' s author, it never ceases to amaze me how some adults underestimate what subject matter will interest and stimulate children. I wanted to write a story that provided no right or wrong answers, a story that would allow the reader to walk in Cameron' s shoes for a while and think about what decisions they would make and how they would react if they too were faced with his situation.
Fictional stories that explore new ideas when it comes to STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) subjects also have a part to play in enriching our children' s reading and learning. Various studies have shown that reading fiction enhances our children' s ability to grasp new concepts. Pig Heart Boy was my attempt to incorporate science possible into a believable, thought-provoking (令人深思的) story.
1．Where did the author get inspiration from to write Pig Heart Boy
A．A school event. B．A news item.
C．Science magazines. D．Books on heart transplants.
2．What might be a major concern of those who disagree with Pig Heart Boy
A．Animal rights. B．GM technology.
C．Organ transplant risks. D．Organ shortage crisis.
3．What are the last two paragraphs of the text mainly about
A．Ways of tapping children' s intelligence.
B．Potential application of fictional stories.
C．Supporting evidence for justifying the book.
D．Influence of fictional stories on STEM subjects.
4．What is Pig Heart Boy
A．An author profile.
B．A science fiction novel.
C．A guidebook to xenotransplantation.
D．An essay on writing children ' s literature.
（2021·平桂模拟）阅读理解
The best science fiction books of 2021
We take a look at the most exciting new science-fiction books of 2021.
No matter what kind of science fiction fan you are, we're sure you'll find
something to add to your reading list.
The Saints of Salvation
By Peter F. Hamilton
The Olyix have laid siege(围攻) to Earth, harvesting
people for their god. Cities are ruined by their weapons and millions have
either fled to seek refuge in space or are fighting a war that seems unwinnable.
As Earth's defeat draws ever closer, a team are sent to enter the Olyix's
air-ship secretly. Their plan This is the final science fiction in Peter F. Hamilton's
extremely surprising series The Salvation Sequence.
A Desolation Called Peace
By Arkady Martine
This impressive sequel(续集)to Arkady
Martine's Hugo Award-winning science fiction book sees the Teixcalaanli Empire
facing an alien threat which could bring about its complete destruction. Fleet
captain Nine Hibiscus sends a person to negotiate with the mysterious invaders.
. .
Jack Four
By Neal Asher
Jack Four—one of twenty human clones—has been created to be sold. His
purchasers are the aliens and they only want him for their experimentation
program. But there is something different about Jack. No clone should possess
the knowledge that's been loaded into his mind.
Rabbits
By Terry Miles
Rabbits is a secret, dangerous and sometimes deadly underground game.
The rewards for winning are unclear, but there are rumors of money or it might
unlock the universe's greatest secrets. Everyone knows that the deeper you get,
the more deadly the game becomes—and the body count is rising. Since the game
first started, ten rounds have taken place. The eleventh round is about to
begin, and what happens in the game, stays in the game…
5．What can we know about The Saints of Salvation
A．It's about the war among people on earth.
B．The Olyix are defeated in the end.
C．It belongs to The Salvation Sequence.
D．It's the last novel of Peter F. Hamilton.
6．What does Nine Hibiscus do to save Teixcalaanli Empire
A．He gives the alien a complete destruction.
B．He lets someone negotiate with the alien.
C．He fights against the alien bravely.
D．He makes the alien face a threat.
7．Where can the text be found
A．In a book recommendation. B．In an art magazine.
C．In a biography. D．In a novel.
（2022高三下·绵阳模拟）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
The confidence people
place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what
people would like it to be. When I asked my students how they would define
science, many of them replied that it's an objective way of discovering certainties
about the world. But science cannot provide certainties.
Actually, doubt and
science often go hand in hand. Science, when properly functioning, questions
accepted understandings and brings both new knowledge and new questions — not certainty. Doubt does not create trust, nor does it help public
understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome
state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions
As a historian of
science, I would argue that it's the responsibility of scientists and
historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in
what is often regarded as its weakness: its drive to question and challenge
accepted understandings. Indeed, the scientific approach requires changing our
understanding of the natural world whenever new evidence arises from either
experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are temporary
understandings that involve the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the
long run, many of them are challenged and even overturned. Doubt might be
troubling, but it pushes us towards a better understanding. Certainties, reassuring as they may seem,
prevent the scientific process.
Scientists understand
this, but in the dynamic between the public and science, there are two opposite
misconceptions(误解). The first is a form of
blind scientism — a belief that science is
unquestionable and has the capacity to solve all problems. Such an idealized
representation actually ignores the universal existence of controversy, conflict
and error at the very heart of the scientific world.
8．What's the real power of science according to the author
A．It provides solid solutions.
B．It defends accepted understandings.
C．It discovers certainties about the world.
D．It keeps bringing questions and challenges.
9．What does the underlined word “reassuring" probably mean
A．Disappointing. B．Surprising. C．Comforting. D．Challenging.
10．What may be the belief of the second misconception
A．Science is unchallengeable and a cure-all.
B．Science is unreliable and of little use.
C．Science is objective but impractical.
D．Science is doubtful but useful.
11．What can be the best title for the text
A．Why Is Doubt Vital to Science
B．Why Should We Trust Scientists
C．What Is the Weakness of Science
D．What ls Scientists' Responsibility
（2024高三上·重庆市模拟） 阅读理解
We may weep for the dodo, but could and should we bring this lovely bird back from the dead De-extinction is the science of restoring lost species and it has been in the news for decades.
The story in modern times began in 1990 when Michael Crichton published his science fiction novel JurassicPark, in which he imagined a world where scientists were able to bring dinosaurs back to life. Crichton imagined that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology could be a way to amplify (放大) tiny quantities of dinosaur DNA and thus build a living embryo.
Sadly, biologists soon realized that DNA in fact breaks down super-fast; even after 100 years, DNA from museum skins of dodos was decayed (腐烂) beyond repair. They could be sequenced (测定序列) using massive computational power, but then only with considerable uncertainty. And even if you capture a DNA sequence, there's still the problem of how you get living cells to read that sequence and express proteins that make the dinosaur or the dodo.
But why would anyone want to see mammoths, or something like them, roaming (漫游) present-day Siberia Well, they were undoubtedly amazing beasts. As well as hunting them, our distant ancestors painted their likenesses in caves across Europe. Fascinating as they may be, there's some ecological justification for the project too.
It was this diversity of land surface, broken up by heavy limbs and randomly fertilised by faeces (排泄物), that supported so much flora (植物群). Without the mammoths, that diversity disappeared. Return them and landscapes would once again be with a variety of species, including flowers and bushes.
True, it's not de-extinction in the sense of bringing a long-dead species back to life. Instead it's more like making a "dodo" by engineering a modern pigeon, its closest relative, to become huge and flightless. The result would be a big, fatty pigeon that, whether it looked like a dodo or not, would probably fulfil some of its ecological roles.
As a palaeontologist, I would of course love to see living dinosaurs, mammoths and dodos. In some ways, though, I am relieved that the optimistic claims for cloning and genetic technologies have not been borne out. The slowdown gives us time to consider the outcomes—and hopefully avoid some of Michael Crichton's more fevered imaginings.
12．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．A science fiction review.
B．The development of DNA.
C．An inspired guess of de-extinction.
D．The application of PCR technology.
13．What's the barrier to cloning a living embryo
A．DNA is hard to keep for long.
B．Computational power is limited.
C．Biologists are opposed to it.
D．Living cells cant be sequenced.
14．Why are people interested in cloning extinct species
A．They expect to seek hunt fun.
B．They lack sources of modern art.
C．They need them for research.
D．They want to see biodiversity.
15．What's the author's attitude toward cloning extinct species
A．Cautious. B．Unclear. C．Dismissive. D．Approving.
二、任务型阅读
（2023高三下·广东模拟）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How Star Wars Changed Movie-making Forever
"May the force be with you!" If you are a Star Wars fan, then you have probably heard this phrase many times. 16． So many characters, devices, and phrases from the movie have become well-known. But you might be surprised to find out how much this movie has changed how movies are made.
"A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away…"is how Star Wars begins. Its plot was not ground-breaking.
17． The story was typical science fiction with lots of drama, traditional characters and good battling evil, in space and in hand-to-hand fight.
It was the special effects that made Star Wars stand out from other movies. People still talk about the light swords (剑) that could cut, burn and melt through most substances. Spaceships sped through space and landed on huge, realistic-looking space stations. 18． When Star Wars first came out in 1977, most movie theaters were stand- alone buildings, with just one movie screen. Using the money Star Wars had made for them, movie-theater owners built more theaters， leading to the multiplexes (多影厅影院) that are common today.
Theaters needed more movies to show on all the additional movie screens and in all the new multiplexes. So new movie companies sprang up, including small ones creating experimental movies. 19． Some of the methods became popular and others failed. But, thanks to Star Wars, people got to see new types of movies.
20． There had been movie continuations previously, but they were often just poor imitations of the first movie. The Star Wars movies were all popular. There have been two trilogies (三部曲) so far, with more planned.
A. They tried out new techniques.
B. In fact, it was quite old-fashioned.
C. Moviegoers had never seen anything like it.
D. Thus, audience began to enjoy science fiction movies there.
E. Star Wars was the first really successful movie trilogy in history.
F. If you are not a fan, you are still likely familiar with these words.
G. If you are a movie maker, you may be inspired by this classic film.
21．（2019·三明模拟）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项。
UK readers set a new record in
translated fiction sales in 2018, with Chinese novels contributing to the boom.
. It says the sales have increased by 20% in
2018 compared with the previous year in an article on March 6. , such as Liu Cixin's The Three-Body Problem
and Jin Yong's A Hero Born. According to annual research commissioned by the
Man Booker International(MBI) prize, total sales of translated fiction in the
UK increased last year by 5.5 percent, amounting to a value of 184m yuan
( 20.7m)-the highest figure since the research was first conducted in 2001.
. "The rise in sales of translated
fiction shows how hungry British readers are for terrific writing from other
countries," said the administrator of the MBI prize, "This in really
exciting news, and welcome confirmation that publishers have responded to the
proven popularity and marketability of translated literature," said
Charlotte Collins, co-chair of the UK's Translators Association.
Anna Holmwood, translator of A
Hero Born, has worked as a literary agent, and has seen firsthand how Chinese
titles continue to gain a greater audience worldwide, particularly in the
English speaking world. . She said the success of books by Louis Cha
and Liu Cixin reflects British readers' growing appetite for new stories
outside the English-speaking world. Publishers need to be more willing to
introduce fresh work to readers. . "I think British readers are more
open-minded because of the diversified culture in the UK," Holmwood said.
She also said that cit typically takes a few books into a series for sales to
truly pick up, and "book two (of Jin Yong's four-volume series, Legends of
the Condor Heroes) only just came out" in late January, suggesting Yong may
have another hit on his hands.
A. It means taking more of a risk though
B. She sees it as a sign of the UK's market shifting
C. The record of sales in the UK comes from Chinese fiction
D. Chinese science-fiction and fantasy novels were sold strongly
E. Reading is the best way of putting themselves in others' shoes
F Award-winning science fiction have been put into many languages
G.The Guardian highlighted the "extreme growth" in translated fiction sales
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点时事话题专练21科幻前沿
主要内容
阅读理解 作者从异种器官移植报道中获得灵感，创作小说《Pig Heart Boy》的故事
本年度最畅销的四本科幻小说
论述了怀疑和科学的密切关系
作者对克隆灭绝物种进行了分析
任务型阅读 《星球大战》这部影片的特点和它在电影史上的重要影响
中文小说深受英国读者的欢迎并分析了背后的原因
一、阅读理解
（2024·江苏模拟） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
I' m a layperson with a love of science who occasionally reads science magazines. My approach was from an author' s angle, spending months on research before waiting a single word for Pig Heart Boy.
So where did I get the idea Whenever I attend a school event, that question is asked. The answer is simple. Back in the mid 1990s, I read a newspaper article written by a doctor who guessed that we would eventually have to turn to xenotransplantation (异种器官移植) as a possible solution to the lack of human organ donors. It left my mind filled with questions. What are the consequences Do we really have the right to treat animals as mere organ sources for humans So I headed to my nearest bookshop and bought all the books I could on heart transplants in particular.
I' ve found questions are one of the best places to start from when writing a novel. In my story Cameron, who needs a heart transplant, knows he is unlikely to see his next birthday unless he receives one, but he is a long way down the waiting list. When a genetically modified (GM) pig' s heart is offered by a pioneering doctor, Cameron decides to go for it—and his new heart completely changes his life in unexpected ways.
Now some people think that the subject matter is not suitable for children, criticizing the cruel and inhuman ways of xenotransplantation. I completely disagree. As a children' s author, it never ceases to amaze me how some adults underestimate what subject matter will interest and stimulate children. I wanted to write a story that provided no right or wrong answers, a story that would allow the reader to walk in Cameron' s shoes for a while and think about what decisions they would make and how they would react if they too were faced with his situation.
Fictional stories that explore new ideas when it comes to STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) subjects also have a part to play in enriching our children' s reading and learning. Various studies have shown that reading fiction enhances our children' s ability to grasp new concepts. Pig Heart Boy was my attempt to incorporate science possible into a believable, thought-provoking (令人深思的) story.
1．Where did the author get inspiration from to write Pig Heart Boy
A．A school event. B．A news item.
C．Science magazines. D．Books on heart transplants.
2．What might be a major concern of those who disagree with Pig Heart Boy
A．Animal rights. B．GM technology.
C．Organ transplant risks. D．Organ shortage crisis.
3．What are the last two paragraphs of the text mainly about
A．Ways of tapping children' s intelligence.
B．Potential application of fictional stories.
C．Supporting evidence for justifying the book.
D．Influence of fictional stories on STEM subjects.
4．What is Pig Heart Boy
A．An author profile.
B．A science fiction novel.
C．A guidebook to xenotransplantation.
D．An essay on writing children ' s literature.
【答案】1．B
2．A
3．C
4．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了作者从异种器官移植报道中获得灵感，创作小说《Pig Heart Boy》的故事。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和推断题两种常考题型，细节题要注意通过关键词从文中寻找答案；推断题需要对已有信息进行加工处理，推断出需要的信息。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Back in the mid 1990s, I read a newspaper article written by a doctor who guessed that we would eventually have to turn to xenotransplantation (异种器官移植) as a possible solution to the lack of human organ donors早在20世纪90年代中期，我在报纸上读到一篇医生写的文章，他猜测我们最终将不得不求助于异种移植，作为人类器官捐献者缺乏的可能解决方案"，可知作者是通过新闻中获得了写作《猪心男孩》一书的灵感，故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段中的"Now some people think that the subject matter is not suitable for children, criticizing the cruel and inhuman ways of xenotransplantation现在有些人认为这个题材不适合儿童，批评异种移植的残忍和不人道的方式"，结合选项，可知那些不同意《猪心男孩》观点的人最关心的是动物权利，故选A。
3．推理判断题。通读最后两段，可知倒数第二段中，作者主要反驳了那些不认为这本书适合儿童，作者认为，这些题材会引起孩子兴趣和引发孩子们思考；倒数第一段中，作者认为一些虚构故事能增强孩子们掌握新概念能力，所以最后两段说明了作者新书对孩子成长的益处，能够为作者写的这本书带来辩护，故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据第三段中的"When a genetically modified (GM) pig' s heart is offered by a pioneering doctor, Cameron decides to go for it—and his new heart completely changes his life in unexpected ways当一位开拓性的医生提供了一颗转基因猪的心脏时，卡梅伦决定去做——他的新心脏以意想不到的方式彻底改变了他的生活"，可知《猪心男孩》主要讲述了需要心脏移植的主人公使用了猪的心脏，并且改变了他的命运。这是一本虚构的小说，选B。
（2021·平桂模拟）阅读理解
The best science fiction books of 2021
We take a look at the most exciting new science-fiction books of 2021.
No matter what kind of science fiction fan you are, we're sure you'll find
something to add to your reading list.
The Saints of Salvation
By Peter F. Hamilton
The Olyix have laid siege(围攻) to Earth, harvesting
people for their god. Cities are ruined by their weapons and millions have
either fled to seek refuge in space or are fighting a war that seems unwinnable.
As Earth's defeat draws ever closer, a team are sent to enter the Olyix's
air-ship secretly. Their plan This is the final science fiction in Peter F. Hamilton's
extremely surprising series The Salvation Sequence.
A Desolation Called Peace
By Arkady Martine
This impressive sequel(续集)to Arkady
Martine's Hugo Award-winning science fiction book sees the Teixcalaanli Empire
facing an alien threat which could bring about its complete destruction. Fleet
captain Nine Hibiscus sends a person to negotiate with the mysterious invaders.
. .
Jack Four
By Neal Asher
Jack Four—one of twenty human clones—has been created to be sold. His
purchasers are the aliens and they only want him for their experimentation
program. But there is something different about Jack. No clone should possess
the knowledge that's been loaded into his mind.
Rabbits
By Terry Miles
Rabbits is a secret, dangerous and sometimes deadly underground game.
The rewards for winning are unclear, but there are rumors of money or it might
unlock the universe's greatest secrets. Everyone knows that the deeper you get,
the more deadly the game becomes—and the body count is rising. Since the game
first started, ten rounds have taken place. The eleventh round is about to
begin, and what happens in the game, stays in the game…
5．What can we know about The Saints of Salvation
A．It's about the war among people on earth.
B．The Olyix are defeated in the end.
C．It belongs to The Salvation Sequence.
D．It's the last novel of Peter F. Hamilton.
6．What does Nine Hibiscus do to save Teixcalaanli Empire
A．He gives the alien a complete destruction.
B．He lets someone negotiate with the alien.
C．He fights against the alien bravely.
D．He makes the alien face a threat.
7．Where can the text be found
A．In a book recommendation. B．In an art magazine.
C．In a biography. D．In a novel.
【答案】5．C
6．B
7．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了本年度最畅销的四本科幻小说。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
5．考查细节理解。根据The Saints of Salation部分中的“This is the final science fiction in Peter F. Hamilton's extremely surprising series The Salvation Sequence.”这是Peter F. Hamilton极其令人惊讶的系列拯救序列中的最后一部科幻小说。可知,The Saints of Salxation 是Peter F. Hamilton的系列丛书The Salvation Sequence 的一部分，故选C。
6．考查细节理解。根据A Desolation Called Peace部分中的“Fleet captain Nine Hibiscus sends a person to negotiate with the mysterious invaders. . .” Nine Hibiscus船长派人与神秘入侵者谈判......，可知,Nine Hibiscus采用派人和外星人谈判的策略，故选B。
7．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“We take a look at the most exciting new science-fiction books of 2021.”我们来看看 2021 年最令人兴奋的新科幻小说。和全文可知,本文应该可以在书评中找到，故选A。
（2022高三下·绵阳模拟）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
The confidence people
place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what
people would like it to be. When I asked my students how they would define
science, many of them replied that it's an objective way of discovering certainties
about the world. But science cannot provide certainties.
Actually, doubt and
science often go hand in hand. Science, when properly functioning, questions
accepted understandings and brings both new knowledge and new questions — not certainty. Doubt does not create trust, nor does it help public
understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome
state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions
As a historian of
science, I would argue that it's the responsibility of scientists and
historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in
what is often regarded as its weakness: its drive to question and challenge
accepted understandings. Indeed, the scientific approach requires changing our
understanding of the natural world whenever new evidence arises from either
experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are temporary
understandings that involve the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the
long run, many of them are challenged and even overturned. Doubt might be
troubling, but it pushes us towards a better understanding. Certainties, reassuring as they may seem,
prevent the scientific process.
Scientists understand
this, but in the dynamic between the public and science, there are two opposite
misconceptions(误解). The first is a form of
blind scientism — a belief that science is
unquestionable and has the capacity to solve all problems. Such an idealized
representation actually ignores the universal existence of controversy, conflict
and error at the very heart of the scientific world.
8．What's the real power of science according to the author
A．It provides solid solutions.
B．It defends accepted understandings.
C．It discovers certainties about the world.
D．It keeps bringing questions and challenges.
9．What does the underlined word “reassuring" probably mean
A．Disappointing. B．Surprising. C．Comforting. D．Challenging.
10．What may be the belief of the second misconception
A．Science is unchallengeable and a cure-all.
B．Science is unreliable and of little use.
C．Science is objective but impractical.
D．Science is doubtful but useful.
11．What can be the best title for the text
A．Why Is Doubt Vital to Science
B．Why Should We Trust Scientists
C．What Is the Weakness of Science
D．What ls Scientists' Responsibility
【答案】8．D
9．C
10．B
11．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了怀疑和科学的密切关系。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
8．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“As a historian of science, I would argue that it's the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often regarded as its weakness: its drive to question and challenge accepted understandings.”作为一名科学历史学家，我认为，科学家和科学历史学家有责任证明，科学的真正力量恰恰在于通常被认为是它的弱点的东西：它对已被接受的认识提出质疑和挑战的动力。可知，作者认为科学的真正力量是它不断带来问题和挑战。故选D。
9．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Doubt might be troubling, but it pushes us towards a better understanding.”怀疑可能令人不安，但它推动我们更好地理解。可知，怀疑令人不安，那么确定性就让人放心，划线词reassuring的意思是“令人安心的”，和comforting意思相近，故选C。
10．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Scientists understand this, but in the dynamic between the public and science, there are two opposite misconceptions (误解). The first is a form of blind scientism—a belief that science is unquestionable and has the capacity to solve all problems.”科学家们理解这一点，但在公众和科学之间的动态中，存在两种相反的误解。第一种是一种盲目的科学家主义——相信科学是不容置疑的，并且有能力解决所有问题。可知，第一种误解是科学能解决所有问题，那么第二种和第一种完全相反，因此第二种是认为科学完全没有用，不可靠，即Science is unreliable and of little use。故选B。
11．考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“Actually, doubt and science often go hand in hand.”事实上，怀疑和科学经常结伴而行。可知，本文主要讲的是怀疑对科学很关键，“为什么怀疑对科学至关重要？”概括了本文内容，是最好的标题，故选A。
（2024高三上·重庆市模拟） 阅读理解
We may weep for the dodo, but could and should we bring this lovely bird back from the dead De-extinction is the science of restoring lost species and it has been in the news for decades.
The story in modern times began in 1990 when Michael Crichton published his science fiction novel JurassicPark, in which he imagined a world where scientists were able to bring dinosaurs back to life. Crichton imagined that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology could be a way to amplify (放大) tiny quantities of dinosaur DNA and thus build a living embryo.
Sadly, biologists soon realized that DNA in fact breaks down super-fast; even after 100 years, DNA from museum skins of dodos was decayed (腐烂) beyond repair. They could be sequenced (测定序列) using massive computational power, but then only with considerable uncertainty. And even if you capture a DNA sequence, there's still the problem of how you get living cells to read that sequence and express proteins that make the dinosaur or the dodo.
But why would anyone want to see mammoths, or something like them, roaming (漫游) present-day Siberia Well, they were undoubtedly amazing beasts. As well as hunting them, our distant ancestors painted their likenesses in caves across Europe. Fascinating as they may be, there's some ecological justification for the project too.
It was this diversity of land surface, broken up by heavy limbs and randomly fertilised by faeces (排泄物), that supported so much flora (植物群). Without the mammoths, that diversity disappeared. Return them and landscapes would once again be with a variety of species, including flowers and bushes.
True, it's not de-extinction in the sense of bringing a long-dead species back to life. Instead it's more like making a "dodo" by engineering a modern pigeon, its closest relative, to become huge and flightless. The result would be a big, fatty pigeon that, whether it looked like a dodo or not, would probably fulfil some of its ecological roles.
As a palaeontologist, I would of course love to see living dinosaurs, mammoths and dodos. In some ways, though, I am relieved that the optimistic claims for cloning and genetic technologies have not been borne out. The slowdown gives us time to consider the outcomes—and hopefully avoid some of Michael Crichton's more fevered imaginings.
12．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．A science fiction review.
B．The development of DNA.
C．An inspired guess of de-extinction.
D．The application of PCR technology.
13．What's the barrier to cloning a living embryo
A．DNA is hard to keep for long.
B．Computational power is limited.
C．Biologists are opposed to it.
D．Living cells cant be sequenced.
14．Why are people interested in cloning extinct species
A．They expect to seek hunt fun.
B．They lack sources of modern art.
C．They need them for research.
D．They want to see biodiversity.
15．What's the author's attitude toward cloning extinct species
A．Cautious. B．Unclear. C．Dismissive. D．Approving.
【答案】12．C
13．A
14．D
15．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者对克隆灭绝物种进行了分析。
【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题、推断题、和主旨题都是常考题型。细节题需要根据关键词从文中找出答案；推断题需要考生根据关键词，结合语境推断出所需要的信息；主旨题则需要考生掌握全文结构和行文脉络，重点关注每段的中心句或首句，利用关键词获取主旨大意。
12．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的"he imagined a world where scientists were able to bring dinosaurs back to life. Crichton imagined that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology could be a way to amplify (放大) tiny quantities of dinosaur DNA and thus build a living embryo他想象了一个科学家能够让恐龙起死回生的世界。克莱顿设想，聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术可能是一种扩增少量恐龙DNA的方法，从而构建一个活的胚胎"，可知本段主要介绍的是一个关于灭绝动物复活启发性猜测，故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Sadly, biologists soon realized that DNA in fact breaks down super-fast; even after 100 years, DNA from museum skins of dodos was decayed (腐烂) beyond repair可悲的是，生物学家很快意识到DNA实际上分解得非常快;即使在100年后，博物馆里的渡渡鸟皮肤上的DNA也已经腐烂，无法修复"，可知克隆活胚胎的障碍是很难保存的，故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第五段中的"Without the mammoths, that diversity disappeared. Return them and landscapes would once again be with a variety of species, including flowers and bushes没有猛犸象，这种多样性就消失了。把它们放回去，景观将再次充满各种各样的物种，包括鲜花和灌木"可知人们热衷于克隆灭绝动物主要是想看到生物的多样性，故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"The slowdown gives us time to consider the outcomes—and hopefully avoid some of Michael Crichton's more fevered imaginings经济放缓让我们有时间考虑结果——希望能避免迈克尔 克莱顿(Michael Crichton)那种更狂热的想象"，可知作者对克隆灭绝动物的态度是非常谨慎的，故选A。
二、任务型阅读
（2023高三下·广东模拟）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How Star Wars Changed Movie-making Forever
"May the force be with you!" If you are a Star Wars fan, then you have probably heard this phrase many times. 16． So many characters, devices, and phrases from the movie have become well-known. But you might be surprised to find out how much this movie has changed how movies are made.
"A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away…"is how Star Wars begins. Its plot was not ground-breaking.
17． The story was typical science fiction with lots of drama, traditional characters and good battling evil, in space and in hand-to-hand fight.
It was the special effects that made Star Wars stand out from other movies. People still talk about the light swords (剑) that could cut, burn and melt through most substances. Spaceships sped through space and landed on huge, realistic-looking space stations. 18． When Star Wars first came out in 1977, most movie theaters were stand- alone buildings, with just one movie screen. Using the money Star Wars had made for them, movie-theater owners built more theaters， leading to the multiplexes (多影厅影院) that are common today.
Theaters needed more movies to show on all the additional movie screens and in all the new multiplexes. So new movie companies sprang up, including small ones creating experimental movies. 19． Some of the methods became popular and others failed. But, thanks to Star Wars, people got to see new types of movies.
20． There had been movie continuations previously, but they were often just poor imitations of the first movie. The Star Wars movies were all popular. There have been two trilogies (三部曲) so far, with more planned.
A. They tried out new techniques.
B. In fact, it was quite old-fashioned.
C. Moviegoers had never seen anything like it.
D. Thus, audience began to enjoy science fiction movies there.
E. Star Wars was the first really successful movie trilogy in history.
F. If you are not a fan, you are still likely familiar with these words.
G. If you are a movie maker, you may be inspired by this classic film.
【答案】16．F；17．B；18．C；19．A；20．E
【解析】【分析】这是一篇文化立意的说明文。文章主要介绍了《星球大战》这部影片的特点和它在电影史上的重要影响。
A. 他们试验了新技术。
B. 事实上，它是相当过时的。
C. 影迷们从未见过这样的场面。
D. 因此，观众开始喜欢科幻电影在那里。
E. 《星球大战》是历史上第一部真正成功的电影三部曲。
F. 如果你不是粉丝，你可能仍然对这些词很熟悉。
G. 如果你是一个电影制片人，你可能会受到这部经典电影的启发。
【点评】七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符合来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出其他选项表达完全同意思的句子，这样的话就可以直接将该选项排除。
16．空格前句中"If you are a Star Wars fan... "与选项F中的"If you are not a fan..."和"still"相对应，故选F。
17．上一段末尾的not ground breaking与选项B中的old fashioned是近义词，意义呼应，故选B。
18．结合选项，分析上下文，可知选项C中的it 指代前一句中描绘的电影中的画面，故选C。
19．结合选项，分析上下文，可知选项A中的they指代前面一句中的new movie companies, 且选项中的techniques 与 空格后的methods 是近义词，互相呼应，故选A。
20．这一句是这一段的主题句，根据本段最后一句中的"There have been two trilogies (三部曲) so far, with more planned"，结合选项，可知选项E中的"the first really successful movie trilogy in history历史上第一部真正成功的电影三部曲"与本段最后一句中的"two trilogies"相呼应，故选E。
21．（2019·三明模拟）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项。
UK readers set a new record in
translated fiction sales in 2018, with Chinese novels contributing to the boom.
. It says the sales have increased by 20% in
2018 compared with the previous year in an article on March 6. , such as Liu Cixin's The Three-Body Problem
and Jin Yong's A Hero Born. According to annual research commissioned by the
Man Booker International(MBI) prize, total sales of translated fiction in the
UK increased last year by 5.5 percent, amounting to a value of 184m yuan
( 20.7m)-the highest figure since the research was first conducted in 2001.
. "The rise in sales of translated
fiction shows how hungry British readers are for terrific writing from other
countries," said the administrator of the MBI prize, "This in really
exciting news, and welcome confirmation that publishers have responded to the
proven popularity and marketability of translated literature," said
Charlotte Collins, co-chair of the UK's Translators Association.
Anna Holmwood, translator of A
Hero Born, has worked as a literary agent, and has seen firsthand how Chinese
titles continue to gain a greater audience worldwide, particularly in the
English speaking world. . She said the success of books by Louis Cha
and Liu Cixin reflects British readers' growing appetite for new stories
outside the English-speaking world. Publishers need to be more willing to
introduce fresh work to readers. . "I think British readers are more
open-minded because of the diversified culture in the UK," Holmwood said.
She also said that cit typically takes a few books into a series for sales to
truly pick up, and "book two (of Jin Yong's four-volume series, Legends of
the Condor Heroes) only just came out" in late January, suggesting Yong may
have another hit on his hands.
A. It means taking more of a risk though
B. She sees it as a sign of the UK's market shifting
C. The record of sales in the UK comes from Chinese fiction
D. Chinese science-fiction and fantasy novels were sold strongly
E. Reading is the best way of putting themselves in others' shoes
F Award-winning science fiction have been put into many languages
G.The Guardian highlighted the "extreme growth" in translated fiction sales
【答案】G；D；E；B；A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了中文小说深受英国读者的欢迎并分析了背后的原因。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后的"It says the sales have increased by 20% in 2018 compared with the previous year in an article on March 6."可知,它在3月6日的一篇文章中表示,2018年的销售量比前一年增长了20%,这是对空处的举例说明,因此空处应该会提到一种报道翻译小说销量增长的报刊,G.The Guardian highlighted the "extreme growth" in translated fiction sales“《卫报》强调了翻译小说销量的‘急剧增长'”，符合语境，故选G。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后的"such as Liu Cixin's The Three-Body Problem and Jin Yong's A Hero Born."可知,如刘慈欣的《三体》和金庸的《射雕英雄传》,这两部小说是对空处的举例说明,此处说的是中国的小说在英国十分畅销,D. Chinese science-fiction and fantasy novels were sold strongly“中国的科幻小说和奇幻小说卖得很好”，符合语境，故选D。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后的"The rise in sales of translated fiction shows how hungry British readers are for terrific writing from other countries,"可知,翻译小说销量的增长表明,英国读者是多么渴望其他国家的优秀作品,此处解释英国读者渴望读翻译小说的原因,E. Reading is the best way of putting themselves in others' shoes“阅读是我们站在别人角度考虑问题的最佳方式”符合语境，故选E。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。空前说Anna Holmwood亲眼目睹了中文书籍如何在全球范围内尤其是讲英语的国家赢得了更多读者,空后又说她认为金庸和刘慈欣的成功反映了英国读者对英语世界以外的新故事日益增长的兴趣,空处承接上文,讲的还是Anna Holmwood的看法,即中文小说对英国图书市场的影响,B. She sees it as a sign of the UK's market shifting“她认为这是英国市场转变的一个迹象”符合语境，故选B。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后的"I think British readers are more open-minded because of the diversified culture in the UK,"可知,英国的文化多样化使英国的读者更开放,所以出版商需要向读者介绍新作品,即使这意味着冒更大的风险,英国读者的开放是出版商冒风险向读者介绍新作品的原因,A. It means taking more of a risk though“即使这意味着更大的风险”，符合语境。故选A。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
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