热点时事话题专练19营养美食—冲刺2024高考英语(原卷+解析)

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名称 热点时事话题专练19营养美食—冲刺2024高考英语(原卷+解析)
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更新时间 2024-04-18 14:45:42

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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点时事话题专练19营养美食
主要内容
阅读理解 现在大家往往追逐快时尚,造成了很大浪费
有关食物的一些常见的错误观点
人类饮用动物奶对动物界行为的异类行为,以及乳糖不耐受现象
许多医院意识到新鲜食物有助于病人身体恢复,并采取了积极的措施
英国人在烹饪节目的影响下改变传统的英式饮食,并尝试新的烹饪习惯
任务型阅读 几项抵制垃圾食品诱惑的技巧
世界各地的菜肴各有其特色,主要与自身所处的地域、历史、文化和宗教等有关系
语法填空 预制餐不为大众所接受的原因并且提出监管得当才能保证其营养健康
一、阅读理解
(2024高三上·吉林模拟) 阅读理解
"Few articles change owners more frequently than clothes. They travel downwards from grade to grade in the social scale with remarkable regularity," wrote the journalist Adolphe Smith in 1877 as he traced a coat's journey in the last century: cleaned, repaired and resold repeatedly; cut down into a smaller item; eventually recycled into new fabric. But with the improvement in people's living standards, that model is mind-boggling in the era of fast fashion. The average British customer buys four items a month. And it is reported that 350,000 tonnes of used but still wearable clothes go to landfills in the UK each year.
Yet the gradual revival of the second-hand trade has gathered pace in the past few years. At fashion website Asos, sales of vintage clothes (古董衫) have risen by 92%. Clothing was once worn out of necessity, and now it is simply a way of life. Busy families sell used items on eBay, teenagers trade on Depop and some fashion people offer designer labels on Vestiaire Collective. Strikingly, it has become big enough business that mainstream retailers (零售商) want a slice of the action.
For some buyers and sellers, the switch to the second-hand is born of financial difficulties. Only a few have become worried about the impact of their shopping habit on the planet. But the shift is only a partial solution. Some people worry that some mainstream brands may "greenwash" — using second-hand goods to improve their image, rather than engaging more seriously with sustainability.
However, the biggest concern may be that people keep buying because they know they can resell goods, still chasing the pleasure of the next purchase but with an eased conscience (愧疚). Boohoo, a powerful fast fashion company, has seen sales and profits rise, despite concerns about environmental problems in its supply chain that led to an investigation last year.
A new Netflix series, Worn Stories, documents the emotional meanings that clothes can have: Each old item is full of memories. Actually, a handbag from a grandmother and a scarf passed on by a father are both valuable for us. A love of style is not a bad or an unimportant thing. But a committed relationship is better than a quick flash. Can we learn to appreciate our own old clothes as well as others'
1.What does the word "mind-boggling" underlined in paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Unbelievable. B.Popular. C.Reasonable. D.Influential.
2.With the business mentioned in paragraph 2, the author wants to show ____.
A.old clothes are more popular than new pieces
B.the online second-hand markets are booming
C.the fashion world begins to favor vintage clothes
D.many clothing brands are innovative in their new products
3.How does the second-hand trade impact people according to paragraph 4
A.It makes people feel free to pursue fast fashion.
B.It makes people more cautious about their budgets.
C.It encourages people to choose eco-friendly clothes.
D.It pushes people to be more engaged with sustainability.
4.Which of the following views does Worn Stories advocate
A.Old items have lost favor with the public.
B.Old items are worthy of being long cherished.
C.Older generations attach great importance to old items.
D.Older generations care about the quality of their clothes.
【答案】1.A
2.B
3.A
4.B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了与从前反复使用衣服的模式不同,现在大家往往追逐快时尚,造成了很大浪费,不过网上二手市场正在蓬勃发展,但只有少部分人是真的认识到了自己的购物习惯对地球的影响,而且一些主流品牌有可能会借此机会来"洗绿",很多人有可能会继续购买。指出,虽然追求风格无可厚非,但是学会欣赏旧衣服实际上是很有意义的。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇社会现象类阅读,首先要仔细阅读短文,掌握大意,然后结合具体的题目,再读短文,从中找出相关信息,就可以确定正确答案。
1.考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"as he traced a coat's journey in the last century: cleaned, repaired and resold repeatedly; cut down into a smaller item; eventually recycled into new fabric "他追溯了一件大衣在上个世纪的历程:反复清洗、修理和转售;缩为成更小件的;最终被回收制成新的织物。可知,以前的衣服会被反复多次使用;再结合表示转折意义的"But"以及"The average British customer buys four items a month. And it is reported that 350,000 tonnes of used but still wearable clothes go to landfills in the UK each year. "英国消费者平均每月购买四件商品。据报道,英国每年有35万吨用过但还能穿的衣服被送往垃圾填埋场。可知,现在情况和以前不同,衣服更迭速度很快,很多衣服被浪费了。可推知,以前衣服循环使用的模式在现在快时尚的时代是令人难以置信的,划线词 mind-boggling 意思应该与unbelievable"令人难以置信的"一致。故选A。
2.考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"At fashion website Asos, sales of vintage clothes (古董衫) have risen by 92%. Clothing was once worn out of necessity, and now it is simply a way of life. Busy families sell used items on eBay, teenagers trade on Depop and some fashion people offer designer labels on Vestiaire Collective. Strikingly, it has become big enough business that mainstream retailers (零售商) want a slice of the action. "在时尚网站Asos,古着的销量增长了92%。衣服曾经是出于需要而穿,现在它只是一种生活方式。忙碌的家庭在eBay上出售二手物品,青少年在Depop上交易,一些时尚人士在Vestiaire Collective上出售设计师品牌。引人注目的是,它已经成为一个足够大的业务,主流零售商也想分一杯羹。可知,网络二手交易销量增长,不同的人群在不同的平台交易二手衣服,主流零售商甚至也想参与其中。可推知,作者是想说明网上二手市场正在蓬勃发展。故选B。
3.考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"However, the biggest concern may be that people keep buying because they know they can resell goods, still chasing the pleasure of the next purchase but with an eased conscience (愧疚). "然而,最大的担忧可能是,人们继续购买,因为他们知道他们可以转售商品,仍然在追求下一次购买的乐趣,但良心上有所放松。可知,二手交易业务让人们有了处理已购商品的方法,解除了购买不必要衣服的愧疚感,可以继续购买衣服,即让人们可以自由地追求快时尚。故选A。
4.考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"A new Netflix series, Worn Stories, documents the emotional meanings that clothes can have: Each old item is full of memories. Actually, a handbag from a grandmother and a scarf passed on by a father are both valuable for us." Netflix的一部新剧《旧衣往事》记录了衣服的情感含义:每一件旧衣服都充满了回忆。其实,祖母送的手提包和父亲送的围巾对我们来说都很有价值。可知,这部剧表明旧衣服具有情感含义,充满回忆,富有价值。可推知,它主张的是"旧东西值得长期珍藏"。故选B。
(2024·昆明模拟)阅读理解
Many primitive people believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves. They thought, for example, that eating deer would make them run as fast as the deer. Some tribes (部落) even ate enemies that had shown bravery in battles.
Among civilized people it was once thought that ginger roots could improve the memory. Eggs were thought to make the voice pretty. Tomatoes also were believed to have magical powers. They were called love apples and were supposed to make people who ate them fall in love.
Even today there are a great many wrong ideas about food, some of which are very widespread.
One such idea is that fish is the best brain food. Fish is good brain food just as it is good muscle food and skin food and bone food. But no scientist has been able to prove that fish is any better for the brain than many other kinds of food.
Another such idea is that you should not drink water with meals. Scientists tell us that washing food down with water as a substitute for chewing is not a good idea, but some water with meals has been found to be helpful. It makes the digestive juices flow more freely and helps to digest the food.
Many of the ideas that have to do with mixtures of foods have no scientific foundation. A few years ago, the belief became general that orange juice and milk should never be drunk at the same meal. The reason given was that the acid in the orange juice would make the milk curdle (结团) and become indigestible. As a matter of fact, experts confirm milk always meets in the stomach a digestive juice which curdle it; in fact, the curdling of the milk is the first step in its digestion. A similar wrong idea is that fish and ice cream when eaten at the same meal form a poisonous combination.
5.Why did some tribes eat brave enemies
A.They were eager to be courageous.
B.They hated brave enemies bitterly.
C.They had to follow the local custom.
D.They were extremely lacking in food.
6. What might civilized people approve of
A.Consuming eggs could strengthen the bones.
B.Singers were supposed to consume fish frequently.
C.Apples could make people lose their heart to others.
D.Those suffering memory loss should eat ginger roots.
7. Which statement is based on scientific basis
A.The curdling of milk can harm people's stomach.
B.Milk will be poisonous by adding orange juice in.
C.Drinking water with meals is beneficial to digesting.
D.Eating fish and ice cream together will sicken people.
8.What might be a suitable title of the text
A.Civilized People's Table Manners
B.Good Recipes Popular with People
C.Wrong Widespread Ideas about Food
D.Practical Thoughts. in Favor of Health
【答案】5.A
6.D
7.C
8.C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了有关食物的一些常见的错误观点。
【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题、推断题、和主旨题都是常考题型。细节题需要根据关键词从文中找出答案;推断题需要考生根据关键词,结合语境推断出所需要的信息;主旨题则需要考生掌握全文结构和行文脉络,重点关注每段的中心句或首句,利用关键词获取主旨大意。
5.推理判断题。根据第一段中的"Many primitive people believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves许多原始人相信,通过食用某种动物,他们可以获得这种动物的一些优良品质"和"Some tribes even ate enemies that had shown bravery in battles有些部落甚至吃掉在战斗中表现勇敢的敌人",可知有些部落甚至吃掉在战斗中表现勇敢的敌人是他们渴望勇敢起来,故选A。
6.推理判断题。根据第二段中的"Among civilized people it was once thought that ginger roots could improve the memory在文明人中,人们曾经认为姜根可以提高记忆力",可知现代人可能同意的是记忆力减退的人应该吃姜根,故选D。
7.细节理解题。根据第五段中的"Scientists tell us that washing food down with water as a substitute for chewing is not a good idea, but some water with meals has been found to be helpful. It makes the digestive juices flow more freely and helps to digest the food科学家告诉我们,用水把食物冲下去代替咀嚼并不是一个好主意,但用餐时喝水被发现是有帮助的。它使消化液更自由地流动,有助于消化食物",可知"吃饭时喝水有利于消化"是有科学基础的,故选C。
8.主旨大意题。根据第一段"Many primitive people believed that...许多原始人相信",第二段中的"Among civilized people it was once thought that...文明人曾经认为"第三段"Even today there are a great many wrong ideas about food, some of which are very widespread即使在今天,关于食物也有很多错误的观念,其中一些非常普遍",可知文章主要介绍了有关食物的一些常见的错误观点,故选C。
(2024高三下·湖北模拟)阅读理解
Despite its benefits, drinking milk into adulthood, let alone other animals' milk, is a strange behavior in the animal kingdom. What makes it even stranger is that an estimated 68 percent of the global human population is actually lactose (乳糖) intolerant. Scientists are still getting to the bottom of why the practice began and continued. This research could unlock new understandings of our food cultures and even our DNA.
The earliest evidence of animal milk drinking dates back almost
9. 000 years to modern-day Turkey near the sea of Marmara. where milk fats have been found on ancient pottery. According to Jessica Hendy. a scientist at the University of York. then milk would have been part of a diverse diet for it was mixed with other food. From its origins, the technology of making use of milk spread into the Caucasus and then across Europe. By the Bronze Age, people may have been using cow's milk to feed their babies.
For a long time, researchers believed that milk drinking changed as a cultural practice hand in hand with the spread of genetic mutations (变异) that allowed people to tolerate milk into adulthood. But one recent finding suggests milk drinking occurred before these mutations and might not even require them. In Europe. people appear to have been drinking milk for thousands of years before any genetic ability to drink milk became common. The ancient cheese making equipment might offer part of the solution: Fermenting (发酵) milk into yogurt. cheese, or other products reduces the amount of lactose. In Mongolia. researchers have not yet found a genetic mutation that allows people to digest lactose, despite the major role of milk in that culture. So some scientists held that there might be other potential factors helping.
What we do know about the history of milk reveals how wrong-headed one-size-fits-all nutritional guidance can be. In modern America. milk drinking has been presented as a universal good. In reality, how milk is prepared can change the nutritional picture, and how much our bodies process depends, at least in part. on our own genes.
9.What can we learn about milk drinking from paragraph 2
A.It used to be a symbol of identity.
B.It initially started with little babies.
C.It was the key diet of ancient people.
D.It has been a human tradition for long.
10.Why does the author mention Europe in paragraph 3
A.To give a suggestion. B.To define a concept.
C.To make a prediction. D.To clarify a finding.
11.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Milk consumption functions as a cure-all.
B.Milk intake varies from person to person.
C.Milk's nutritional value is beyond imagination.
D.One's milk digestive ability changes constantly.
12.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.The Mystery of Drinking Milk
B.The Process of Genetic Mutations
C.The Phenomenon of Lactose Intolerance
D.The Technology of Making Milk Products
【答案】9.D
10.D
11.B
12.A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了人类饮用动物奶对动物界行为的异类行为,以及乳糖不耐受现象。科学家们正在研究饮奶习惯的起源及延续的原因,并认为这项研究可能揭示食物文化和DNA的新理解。文章提到了早期的动物奶饮用证据以及饮奶技术的传播过程,以及最近的研究发现,强调了单一的营养指导可能会忽视个体差异和文化背景。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和标题归纳三个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,首先要仔细阅读短文,掌握大意,然后结合具体的题目,再读短文,从中找出相关信息,就可以确定正确答案。
9.考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"The earliest evidence of animal milk drinking dates back almost 9,000 years"饮用动物奶的最早证据可以追溯到近九千年前的现代土耳其马尔马拉海附近。可知,第二段说明了使用牛奶作为食物是人类长久以来的传统。故选D。
10.考查推理判断。根据第三段中的" In Europe. people appear to have been drinking milk for thousands of years before any genetic ability to drink milk became common. The ancient cheese making equipment might offer part of the solution: Fermenting (发酵) milk into yogurt. cheese, or other products reduces the amount of lactose."在欧洲。 在喝牛奶的遗传能力变得普遍之前,人们似乎已经喝牛奶了数千年。 古老的奶酪制作设备可能提供部分解决方案:将牛奶发酵成酸奶。 奶酪或其他产品可以减少乳糖的含量;以及"one recent finding suggests milk drinking occurred before these mutations and might not even require them."但最近的一项发现表明,喝牛奶发生在这些突变之前,甚至可能不需要它们。可知作者提到欧洲是为了阐明一项研究发现。故选D。
11.考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"What we do know about the history of milk reveals how wrong-headed one-size-fits-all nutritional guidance can be."我们对牛奶历史的了解揭示了一刀切的营养指导是多么错误;以及"In reality, how milk is prepared can change the nutritional picture, and how much our bodies process depends, at least in part. on our own genes."事实上,牛奶的制备方式可以改变营养状况,而我们的身体消化多少取决于,至少部分取决于。 取决于我们自己的基因。可推知牛奶的吸收因人而异。故选B。
12.考查标题归纳。根据第一段中的"What makes it even stranger is that an estimated 68 percent of the global human population is actually lactose (乳糖) intolerant."更奇怪的是,据估计全球 68% 的人口实际上患有乳糖不耐症;第二段中的"The earliest evidence of animal milk drinking dates back almost 9,000 years"饮用动物奶的最早证据可以追溯到近九千年前的现代土耳其马尔马拉海附近;以及最后一段中的"researchers have not yet found a genetic mutation that allows people to digest lactose, despite the major role of milk in that culture. So some scientists held that there might be other potential factors helping."可知全文主要涉及"人们如何开始食用牛奶""为何部分人乳糖不耐受""基因突变既然不是人们能够消化牛奶的原因,那么是什么因素让人们可以吸收牛奶"等问题展开,归纳起来即为"牛奶食用之谜"。故选A。
(2023高三下·广东模拟)阅读理解
Few sick people consider the quality of the food when choosing a hospital. Even in America, a country where private hospitals have long provided individual rooms with such comforts as personal cable television, patients are often still fed institutional food. "Mystery meat" and processed-cheese slices are common;everything gets cooked in a microwave.
More hospitals are starting to feed their patients better food. Intermountain, a non-profit group based in Utah that runs 32 hospitals across the Mountain West, has since 2019 served freshly made meals to patients. Chefs in proper kitchens now source local ingredients to serve in cafeterias. Doctors are consulted to meet patients' dietary needs. Christopher Delissio, the head chef at Intermountain, describes creating a meal for a Mexican child who was being treated for cancer. "He would not eat, " Mr Delissio recalls, and that was making it harder for him to recover from chemotherapy. "I was able to go up on the floor and speak to this boy's parents and him and kind of figure out what he wanted," he says.
The link between eating well and good health has long been clear, says David Eisenberg, a nutrition specialist at the Harvard School of Public Health. Heart disease, which has a direct connection to diet, is America's biggest killer. Roughly two-fifths of American adults are clinically obese, and over 14% suffer from diabetes. The right food can help patients avoid going back to hospital. Yet doctors themselves have often been slow to recognise the need to encourage healthy eating, says Dr Eisenberg. Most health care remains curative, rather than preventive.
A decade ago Henry Ford Hospital in West Bloomfield opened a teaching kitchen where staff could help patients plan affordable, healthy meals and learn how to cook them. The idea is now spreading widely. In October a conference for health and food professionals in Los Angeles will encourage the adoption of such kitchens. Participants will tour a new one that has just opened at UCLA's hospital.
13.According to the passage, patients had better .
A.select a private hospital B.get an individual room
C.be served healthy food D.be offered amusement comforts
14.What does Intermountain do
A.They prepare fresh food.
B.They consult patients for diets.
C.They encourage patients to eat institutional food.
D.They require parents to create meals for their sick kid.
15.What is implied in the last paragraph
A.Doctors should know how to cook.
B.Hospital kitchens are far from enough.
C.Professionals are encouraged to open kitchens.
D.Patients should be instructed on healthy eating.
16.What might be the best title for the passage
A.Hospital Doctors:the Best Quality.
B.Hospital Kitchen:the Best Choice.
C.Hospital Food:the Best Medicine.
D.Hospital Chefs:the Best Professionals.
【答案】13.C
14.A
15.D
16.C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了许多医院意识到新鲜食物有助于病人身体恢复,并采取了积极的措施。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇介绍类阅读,首先要仔细阅读短文,掌握大意,然后结合具体的题目,再读短文,从中找出相关信息,就可以确定正确答案。
13.考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"The link between eating well and good health has long been clear, says David Eisenberg, a nutrition specialist at the Harvard School of Public Health."哈佛大学公共卫生学院的营养专家David Eisenberg说,吃得好和健康之间的联系一直是显而易见的;以及"The right food can help patients avoid going back to hospital. "选择合适的食物能使病人免于再次去医院。可知,吃的好可以更健康,病人吃的好,有助于恢复健康。故选C。
14.考查细节理解。根据第二段中的 "Intermountain, a non-profit group based in Utah that runs 32 hospitals across the Mountain West, has since 2019 served freshly made meals to patients."Intermountain,是犹他州一个非营利性机构,在西部山区经营32家医院,从2019年开始,向病人提供新鲜饭菜。可知,该组织给病人提供新鲜的食物。故选A。
15.考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"A decade ago Henry Ford Hospital in West Bloomfield, outside Detroit, opened a teaching kitchen where staff could help patients plan affordable, healthy meals and learn how to cook them. The idea is now spreading widely."十年前,West Bloomfield的Henry Ford Hospital 开设了一个教学厨房,在那里员工帮助病人规划实惠的健康餐,并学习如何制作。可知,病人应该接受健康饮食的指导。故选D。
16.考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的"More hospitals are starting to feed their patients better food."更多医院开始给病人提供更好的食物;并结合全文内容可知,说明了健康新鲜的食物有助于病人的恢复。"医院里的食物:最好的药物"适合做文章的标题,故选C。
(2023·全国乙卷)阅读理解
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain's consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK's obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it's no longer "uncool" for boys to like cooking.
17.What do people usually think of British food
A.It is simple and plain. B.It is rich in nutrition.
C.It lacks authentic tastes. D.It deserves a high reputation.
18.Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV
A.Authoritative. B.Creative. C.Profitable. D.Influential.
19.Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now
A.20%. B.24%. C.25%. D.33%.
20.What might the author continue talking about
A.The art of cooking in other countries.
B.Male chefs on TV programmes.
C.Table manners in the UK.
D.Studies of big eaters.
【答案】17.A
18.D
19.D
20.B
【解析】【分析】本篇是一篇说明文,介绍了英国人在烹饪节目的影响下改变传统的英式饮食,并尝试新的烹饪习惯。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,通读全文,理解文章大意,阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容,仔细核对,选择符合原文原意的答案,完成后再次阅读并检查。
17.考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting ”当你想到英国食物时,你会想到什么?你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条,或是一肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是,英国食物真的如此无趣吗?可知对于英国食物,大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日周日晚餐,也就是说人们会觉得英国食物简简单单,平淡无奇。故选A。
18.考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“ It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. ”正是由于电视上的这些大厨,而不是凭借广告宣传活动,英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐,而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯;以及“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.”似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。可推断英国的烹饪节目在尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来,尝试新的烹饪习惯,英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响力。故选D。
19.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.”几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多,将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。也就是说33%左右的人,使用的配料比以前更多。故选D。
20.考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it's no longer 'uncool' for boys to like cooking.”随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师,男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。可推断,下文应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师,故选B。
二、任务型阅读
21.(2020·太原模拟)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Can't Resist Junk Food Study Suggests You
Try This Simple Trick
You're tired and hungry. Then you catch a
whiff of something delicious, probably fried and almost certainly fattening. It
is fried chicken!   A new
research says that exposing to the smell of junk food for at least two minutes
can actually help you make healthier food choices.
Let's take a closer look at this process.
Have you ever noticed that whatever appetizing treat catches your nose's
attention tends to be most appealing just after you first smell it What will
happen if you're standing in line after a couple of minutes    And recent science says that this is
actually the right moment to walk away.
The results of a series of experiments,
including field studies at a supermarket and at a middle school cafeteria, show
that extended exposure (of more than two minutes) to junk food smell (e. g., cookie
smell) leads to lower purchases of unhealthy foods compared with healthy smell
(e.g., strawberry smell)   That
is why long exposure to junk food smell can be as satisfactory as actually
having it in your mouth, which in turn decreases the desire for consumption of junk
food.
   When the exposure to smell of healthy
food were examined, food choices were not profoundly influenced. The reason for
this is that healthy food are not connected with reward in our brain and
therefore have little influence on what we desire.
So next time you're feeling you don't have
the will power to resist that French fries, it might be as simple as sitting
there and smelling all that sweetness for just a minute or two.   
A. But wait a minute before you order.
B. It's a response that has been researched.
C. Get the satisfaction with none of the calories.
D. It isn't quite as irresistible as it was just moments ago.
E. However, it's not the same case with smell of healthy food.
F. It's the same as actually eating it because your desire to eat
it is satisfied.
G. The brain doesn't necessarily distinguish between a pleasurable
smell or taste.
【答案】A;D;G;E;F
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了几项抵制垃圾食品诱惑的技巧。
(1)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“A new research says that exposing to the smell of junk food for at least two minutes can actually help you make healthier food choices."可知,暴露在垃圾食品中至少两分钟会帮助你选择健康食品,所以本句与等待时间有关,表达“但是在预定之前先等一下”。A. But wait a minute before you order.“但是在预定之前先等一下”符合语境,故选A。
(2)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Have you ever noticed that whatever appetizing treat catches your nose's attention tends to be most appealing just after you first smell it What will happen if you're standing in line after a couple of minutes ”两个问句可知,垃圾食品在第一次被闻到时非常吸引人,那么在排队等了几分钟之后会发生什么呢 ;以及空后“And recent science says that this is actually the right moment to walk away.”可知,这恰恰是要离开的时刻,可知,D. It isn't quite as irresistible as it was just moments ago.“它已经不像几分钟之前那么不可抗拒了”符合语境,故选D。
(3)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据“The results of a series of experiments, including field studies at a supermarket and at a middle school cafeteria, show that extended exposure (of more than two minutes) to junk food smell (e. g., cookie smell) leads to lower purchases of unhealthy foods compared with healthy smell (e.g., strawberry smell)”一系列的实验结果表明暴露在垃圾食品的气味中多于两分钟后会导致垃圾食品购买量的下降,在进行客观结果描述;以及空后在解释闻到气味就如同嘴巴吃到了一样满足。可知空处所在句要表达大脑对味觉和嗅觉区分不明显。 G. The brain doesn't necessarily distinguish between a pleasurable smell or taste.“大脑对味觉和嗅觉区分不明显”符合语境,故选G。
(4)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“When the exposure to smell of healthy food were examined, food choices were not profoundly influenced.”当检测健康食物的气味时,食物选择并没有受到很大的影响。可知空格内容与健康食物的气味相关,并且表达转折的语义。E. However, it's not the same case with smell of healthy food.“然而,健康食物的味道就不一样了。”符合语境。故选E。
(5)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“it might be as simple as sitting there and smelling all that sweetness for just a minute or two."最简单的方法是坐在那里闻上一两分钟香甜的味道,与F. It's the same as actually eating it because your desire to eat it is satisfied.“闻到味道与吃到它是一样可以满足愿望的。”承接自然,符合语境。故选F。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上,着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
22.(2019·北京模拟)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Food feeds the soul. To the
extent that we all eat food, and we all have souls, food is the single great
united across cultures. With food, there are more opportunities to connect to
memory and family and place.    Food as identity. French,
Mexican, Chinese, and Italian cuisines each involve dozens of distinct regional
foods. Every single culture and religion uses food as part of their
celebrations.
   Every season, every
harvest, and every holiday has its own food, and this is true in America as
well.
   Sometimes food means living
on. While the Chinese cooks who exported “Chinese” food around the world ate
authentic cooking at home, the dishes they served, thus creating new cuisines
entirely, were based on economic necessity.
Food as pleasure. Things
have changed dramatically in the past 20 years when it comes to food in France.
Some of the ideas of French food life may be a performance. France is this
pastoral nation where people are spending five hours a day going to 12
different markets to get their food.   
Food as status. The
introduction of global foods and brands has compounded food as a status symbol
for some Chinese.   In China, people eat food
not necessarily for taste, but for texture. You can find food from all of the
provinces of China in Shanghai, as well as every kind of global food style
imaginable.
A. Food
as survival.
B. Food
as community.
C. It's
the hardest to give up.
D. The
celebratory nature of food is universal.
E. It is
an accumulation, a function of your experiences
F. How
and why you eat your food, is, of course, also very cultural.
G. But
food in Italy is love, then nutrition, then history, then pleasure.
【答案】C;D;A;G;F
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了世界各地的菜肴各有其特色,主要与自身所处的地域、历史、文化和宗教等有关系。
(1)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“With food, there are more opportunities to connect to memory and family and place.”可知,有了食物,就有更多的机会与记忆、家庭和地方联系起来。这是很难放弃的,故选 C。
(2)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据本段主题句“Food as identity.”和哭泣“Every single culture and religion uses food as part of their celebrations.”可知,每种文化和宗教都把食物作为庆祝活动的一部分,食物的庆祝性质是普遍的。故选D.。
(3)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Sometimes food means living on,”有时食物意味着生存可知,选A。
(4)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据本段主题句Food as pleasure,和下文以法国为例,可知,在不同国家人们对食物的意义理解不同,故此处G. food in Italy is love, then nutrition, then history, then pleasure. “意大利的食物是爱,然后是营养,然后是历史,最后是快乐”。符合该段主题。故选G。
(5)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“The introduction of global foods and brands has compounded food as a status symbol for some Chinese.”和空后“In China, people eat food not necessarily for taste, but for texture.”,可知,对一些中国人来说,全球食品和品牌的引入使食品成为一种身份象征。在中国,人们吃食物不一定是为了味道,而是为了口感。选项F . How and why you eat your food, is, of course, also very cultural.“对食物选择的方式和原因,也是非常有文化的”。符合题意,故选F。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上,着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
三、语法填空
(2024高三上·长春模拟) 语法填空
Recent videos claiming that a school in Ganzhou, Jiangxi, serves pre-made meals to its students  23.   (spark) heated discussions across the country. People doubt if pre-made meals, despite being convenient, are healthy and nutritious enough for growing teenagers.
Pre-made meals refer to half-finished or finished dishes that are already cooked or prepared, according to the China Cuisine  24.   (associate). There are several types of pre-made foods, including ready-to-eat food, such as a canned food or cooked food in package and ready-to-heat or ready-to-cook food,  25.   requires heating or cooking before being served.
Many people tend  26.   (think) that ready-to-heat and ready-to-cook foods are less nutritious because they usually need to be kept in  27.   (freeze).
"Actually freezing does not cause a loss of nutrients, " Liu Junya,  28.   -year-old dietitian in Beijing, told Teens. "Nutrient loss  29.   (typical) occurs during the heating or frying process. Pre-made foods can be less nutritious than freshly prepared and cooked foods, " Liu said.
Meanwhile, "many pre-made food companies prioritize taste over nutrition, " said Liu. This leads to  30.  (high) levels of salt and sugar in the food, which may lead to health problems, such as high blood pressure or diabetes (糖尿病)  31.   the long term.
It is hoped that regulations on pre-made meals can  32.   (strengthen) to better ensure nutrition and hygiene (卫生).
【答案】23.have sparked;24.Association;25.which;26.to think;27.freezers;28.a;29.typically;30.higher;31.in;32.be strengthened
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道,报道了预制餐不为大众所接受的原因并且提出监管得当才能保证其营养健康。
【点评】考查语法填空,本题考点涉及时态,名词,定语从句,非谓语动词,名词,冠词,副词,形容词,介词,语态以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。
23.句意:最近的江西赣州一所学校向学生提供预制饭菜的视频在全国引发了激烈的讨论。此处是非谓语动词,表示过去动作对现在造成的影响,可知应用现在完成时,主语videos是复数形式,故填have sparked。
24.句意:根据中国烹饪协会,预制食品是指已经煮熟或准备好的半成品或成品。空格处构成专有名词"中国烹饪协会",此处缺少"协会",应用名词形式association,构成专有名词,首字母应大写。故填Association。
25.句意:预制食品有几种类型,包括即食食品,如罐装食品或包装的熟食,以及在食用前需要加热或烹饪即食或即煮食品。 requires heating or cooking before being served 为非限制性定语从句的主语,先行词是ready-to-heat or ready-to-cook food,表示物品,需要关系代词which。故填which。
26.句意:许多人倾向于认为即热即煮的食物缺乏营养,因为它们通常需要冷藏。此处不定式充当动词tend的宾语。故填to think。
27.句意:许多人倾向于认为即热即煮的食物缺乏营养,因为它们通常需要冷藏。此处名词作介词in的宾语,表示"冰箱"的英语是freezer,是可数名词,根据句意应使用复数形式表示泛指。故填freezers。
28.句意:北京33岁的营养师刘俊雅告诉《青少年》杂志:"事实上,冷冻并不会导致营养物质的流失。"分此处表示泛指"一个",应用不定冠词,33-year-old首字母发音是辅音,应用不定冠词a。故填a。
29.句意:营养损失通常发生在加热或油炸过程中。此处副词修饰动词occurs,符合句意。故填typically。
30.句意:这导致食物中盐和糖的含量更高,这可能会导致健康问题,如长期高血压或糖尿病。根据上文"many pre-made food companies prioritize taste over nutrition"可知,空格处表达的含义是"含量会更高",应用比较级。故填higher。
31.句意:这导致食物中盐和糖的含量更高,这可能会导致健康问题,如长期高血压或糖尿病。n the long term固定短语,"从长远来看",故填in。
32.句意:希望能加强对预制餐的监管,更好地保证营养和卫生。空格处和前面can的构成句子谓语部分,主语regulations和所给动词strengthen之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,放在情态动词can后用原形。故填be strengthened。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点时事话题专练19营养美食
主要内容
阅读理解 现在大家往往追逐快时尚,造成了很大浪费
有关食物的一些常见的错误观点
人类饮用动物奶对动物界行为的异类行为,以及乳糖不耐受现象
许多医院意识到新鲜食物有助于病人身体恢复,并采取了积极的措施
英国人在烹饪节目的影响下改变传统的英式饮食,并尝试新的烹饪习惯
任务型阅读 几项抵制垃圾食品诱惑的技巧
世界各地的菜肴各有其特色,主要与自身所处的地域、历史、文化和宗教等有关系
语法填空 预制餐不为大众所接受的原因并且提出监管得当才能保证其营养健康
一、阅读理解
(2024高三上·吉林模拟) 阅读理解
"Few articles change owners more frequently than clothes. They travel downwards from grade to grade in the social scale with remarkable regularity," wrote the journalist Adolphe Smith in 1877 as he traced a coat's journey in the last century: cleaned, repaired and resold repeatedly; cut down into a smaller item; eventually recycled into new fabric. But with the improvement in people's living standards, that model is mind-boggling in the era of fast fashion. The average British customer buys four items a month. And it is reported that 350,000 tonnes of used but still wearable clothes go to landfills in the UK each year.
Yet the gradual revival of the second-hand trade has gathered pace in the past few years. At fashion website Asos, sales of vintage clothes (古董衫) have risen by 92%. Clothing was once worn out of necessity, and now it is simply a way of life. Busy families sell used items on eBay, teenagers trade on Depop and some fashion people offer designer labels on Vestiaire Collective. Strikingly, it has become big enough business that mainstream retailers (零售商) want a slice of the action.
For some buyers and sellers, the switch to the second-hand is born of financial difficulties. Only a few have become worried about the impact of their shopping habit on the planet. But the shift is only a partial solution. Some people worry that some mainstream brands may "greenwash" — using second-hand goods to improve their image, rather than engaging more seriously with sustainability.
However, the biggest concern may be that people keep buying because they know they can resell goods, still chasing the pleasure of the next purchase but with an eased conscience (愧疚). Boohoo, a powerful fast fashion company, has seen sales and profits rise, despite concerns about environmental problems in its supply chain that led to an investigation last year.
A new Netflix series, Worn Stories, documents the emotional meanings that clothes can have: Each old item is full of memories. Actually, a handbag from a grandmother and a scarf passed on by a father are both valuable for us. A love of style is not a bad or an unimportant thing. But a committed relationship is better than a quick flash. Can we learn to appreciate our own old clothes as well as others'
1.What does the word "mind-boggling" underlined in paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Unbelievable. B.Popular. C.Reasonable. D.Influential.
2.With the business mentioned in paragraph 2, the author wants to show ____.
A.old clothes are more popular than new pieces
B.the online second-hand markets are booming
C.the fashion world begins to favor vintage clothes
D.many clothing brands are innovative in their new products
3.How does the second-hand trade impact people according to paragraph 4
A.It makes people feel free to pursue fast fashion.
B.It makes people more cautious about their budgets.
C.It encourages people to choose eco-friendly clothes.
D.It pushes people to be more engaged with sustainability.
4.Which of the following views does Worn Stories advocate
A.Old items have lost favor with the public.
B.Old items are worthy of being long cherished.
C.Older generations attach great importance to old items.
D.Older generations care about the quality of their clothes.
(2024·昆明模拟)阅读理解
Many primitive people believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves. They thought, for example, that eating deer would make them run as fast as the deer. Some tribes (部落) even ate enemies that had shown bravery in battles.
Among civilized people it was once thought that ginger roots could improve the memory. Eggs were thought to make the voice pretty. Tomatoes also were believed to have magical powers. They were called love apples and were supposed to make people who ate them fall in love.
Even today there are a great many wrong ideas about food, some of which are very widespread.
One such idea is that fish is the best brain food. Fish is good brain food just as it is good muscle food and skin food and bone food. But no scientist has been able to prove that fish is any better for the brain than many other kinds of food.
Another such idea is that you should not drink water with meals. Scientists tell us that washing food down with water as a substitute for chewing is not a good idea, but some water with meals has been found to be helpful. It makes the digestive juices flow more freely and helps to digest the food.
Many of the ideas that have to do with mixtures of foods have no scientific foundation. A few years ago, the belief became general that orange juice and milk should never be drunk at the same meal. The reason given was that the acid in the orange juice would make the milk curdle (结团) and become indigestible. As a matter of fact, experts confirm milk always meets in the stomach a digestive juice which curdle it; in fact, the curdling of the milk is the first step in its digestion. A similar wrong idea is that fish and ice cream when eaten at the same meal form a poisonous combination.
5.Why did some tribes eat brave enemies
A.They were eager to be courageous.
B.They hated brave enemies bitterly.
C.They had to follow the local custom.
D.They were extremely lacking in food.
6. What might civilized people approve of
A.Consuming eggs could strengthen the bones.
B.Singers were supposed to consume fish frequently.
C.Apples could make people lose their heart to others.
D.Those suffering memory loss should eat ginger roots.
7. Which statement is based on scientific basis
A.The curdling of milk can harm people's stomach.
B.Milk will be poisonous by adding orange juice in.
C.Drinking water with meals is beneficial to digesting.
D.Eating fish and ice cream together will sicken people.
8.What might be a suitable title of the text
A.Civilized People's Table Manners
B.Good Recipes Popular with People
C.Wrong Widespread Ideas about Food
D.Practical Thoughts. in Favor of Health
(2024高三下·湖北模拟)阅读理解
Despite its benefits, drinking milk into adulthood, let alone other animals' milk, is a strange behavior in the animal kingdom. What makes it even stranger is that an estimated 68 percent of the global human population is actually lactose (乳糖) intolerant. Scientists are still getting to the bottom of why the practice began and continued. This research could unlock new understandings of our food cultures and even our DNA.
The earliest evidence of animal milk drinking dates back almost
9. 000 years to modern-day Turkey near the sea of Marmara. where milk fats have been found on ancient pottery. According to Jessica Hendy. a scientist at the University of York. then milk would have been part of a diverse diet for it was mixed with other food. From its origins, the technology of making use of milk spread into the Caucasus and then across Europe. By the Bronze Age, people may have been using cow's milk to feed their babies.
For a long time, researchers believed that milk drinking changed as a cultural practice hand in hand with the spread of genetic mutations (变异) that allowed people to tolerate milk into adulthood. But one recent finding suggests milk drinking occurred before these mutations and might not even require them. In Europe. people appear to have been drinking milk for thousands of years before any genetic ability to drink milk became common. The ancient cheese making equipment might offer part of the solution: Fermenting (发酵) milk into yogurt. cheese, or other products reduces the amount of lactose. In Mongolia. researchers have not yet found a genetic mutation that allows people to digest lactose, despite the major role of milk in that culture. So some scientists held that there might be other potential factors helping.
What we do know about the history of milk reveals how wrong-headed one-size-fits-all nutritional guidance can be. In modern America. milk drinking has been presented as a universal good. In reality, how milk is prepared can change the nutritional picture, and how much our bodies process depends, at least in part. on our own genes.
9.What can we learn about milk drinking from paragraph 2
A.It used to be a symbol of identity.
B.It initially started with little babies.
C.It was the key diet of ancient people.
D.It has been a human tradition for long.
10.Why does the author mention Europe in paragraph 3
A.To give a suggestion. B.To define a concept.
C.To make a prediction. D.To clarify a finding.
11.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Milk consumption functions as a cure-all.
B.Milk intake varies from person to person.
C.Milk's nutritional value is beyond imagination.
D.One's milk digestive ability changes constantly.
12.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.The Mystery of Drinking Milk
B.The Process of Genetic Mutations
C.The Phenomenon of Lactose Intolerance
D.The Technology of Making Milk Products
(2023高三下·广东模拟)阅读理解
Few sick people consider the quality of the food when choosing a hospital. Even in America, a country where private hospitals have long provided individual rooms with such comforts as personal cable television, patients are often still fed institutional food. "Mystery meat" and processed-cheese slices are common;everything gets cooked in a microwave.
More hospitals are starting to feed their patients better food. Intermountain, a non-profit group based in Utah that runs 32 hospitals across the Mountain West, has since 2019 served freshly made meals to patients. Chefs in proper kitchens now source local ingredients to serve in cafeterias. Doctors are consulted to meet patients' dietary needs. Christopher Delissio, the head chef at Intermountain, describes creating a meal for a Mexican child who was being treated for cancer. "He would not eat, " Mr Delissio recalls, and that was making it harder for him to recover from chemotherapy. "I was able to go up on the floor and speak to this boy's parents and him and kind of figure out what he wanted," he says.
The link between eating well and good health has long been clear, says David Eisenberg, a nutrition specialist at the Harvard School of Public Health. Heart disease, which has a direct connection to diet, is America's biggest killer. Roughly two-fifths of American adults are clinically obese, and over 14% suffer from diabetes. The right food can help patients avoid going back to hospital. Yet doctors themselves have often been slow to recognise the need to encourage healthy eating, says Dr Eisenberg. Most health care remains curative, rather than preventive.
A decade ago Henry Ford Hospital in West Bloomfield opened a teaching kitchen where staff could help patients plan affordable, healthy meals and learn how to cook them. The idea is now spreading widely. In October a conference for health and food professionals in Los Angeles will encourage the adoption of such kitchens. Participants will tour a new one that has just opened at UCLA's hospital.
13.According to the passage, patients had better .
A.select a private hospital B.get an individual room
C.be served healthy food D.be offered amusement comforts
14.What does Intermountain do
A.They prepare fresh food.
B.They consult patients for diets.
C.They encourage patients to eat institutional food.
D.They require parents to create meals for their sick kid.
15.What is implied in the last paragraph
A.Doctors should know how to cook.
B.Hospital kitchens are far from enough.
C.Professionals are encouraged to open kitchens.
D.Patients should be instructed on healthy eating.
16.What might be the best title for the passage
A.Hospital Doctors:the Best Quality.
B.Hospital Kitchen:the Best Choice.
C.Hospital Food:the Best Medicine.
D.Hospital Chefs:the Best Professionals.
(2023·全国乙卷)阅读理解
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain's consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK's obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it's no longer "uncool" for boys to like cooking.
17.What do people usually think of British food
A.It is simple and plain. B.It is rich in nutrition.
C.It lacks authentic tastes. D.It deserves a high reputation.
18.Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV
A.Authoritative. B.Creative. C.Profitable. D.Influential.
19.Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now
A.20%. B.24%. C.25%. D.33%.
20.What might the author continue talking about
A.The art of cooking in other countries.
B.Male chefs on TV programmes.
C.Table manners in the UK.
D.Studies of big eaters.
二、任务型阅读
21.(2020·太原模拟)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Can't Resist Junk Food Study Suggests You
Try This Simple Trick
You're tired and hungry. Then you catch a
whiff of something delicious, probably fried and almost certainly fattening. It
is fried chicken!   A new
research says that exposing to the smell of junk food for at least two minutes
can actually help you make healthier food choices.
Let's take a closer look at this process.
Have you ever noticed that whatever appetizing treat catches your nose's
attention tends to be most appealing just after you first smell it What will
happen if you're standing in line after a couple of minutes    And recent science says that this is
actually the right moment to walk away.
The results of a series of experiments,
including field studies at a supermarket and at a middle school cafeteria, show
that extended exposure (of more than two minutes) to junk food smell (e. g., cookie
smell) leads to lower purchases of unhealthy foods compared with healthy smell
(e.g., strawberry smell)   That
is why long exposure to junk food smell can be as satisfactory as actually
having it in your mouth, which in turn decreases the desire for consumption of junk
food.
   When the exposure to smell of healthy
food were examined, food choices were not profoundly influenced. The reason for
this is that healthy food are not connected with reward in our brain and
therefore have little influence on what we desire.
So next time you're feeling you don't have
the will power to resist that French fries, it might be as simple as sitting
there and smelling all that sweetness for just a minute or two.   
A. But wait a minute before you order.
B. It's a response that has been researched.
C. Get the satisfaction with none of the calories.
D. It isn't quite as irresistible as it was just moments ago.
E. However, it's not the same case with smell of healthy food.
F. It's the same as actually eating it because your desire to eat
it is satisfied.
G. The brain doesn't necessarily distinguish between a pleasurable
smell or taste.
22.(2019·北京模拟)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Food feeds the soul. To the
extent that we all eat food, and we all have souls, food is the single great
united across cultures. With food, there are more opportunities to connect to
memory and family and place.    Food as identity. French,
Mexican, Chinese, and Italian cuisines each involve dozens of distinct regional
foods. Every single culture and religion uses food as part of their
celebrations.
   Every season, every
harvest, and every holiday has its own food, and this is true in America as
well.
   Sometimes food means living
on. While the Chinese cooks who exported “Chinese” food around the world ate
authentic cooking at home, the dishes they served, thus creating new cuisines
entirely, were based on economic necessity.
Food as pleasure. Things
have changed dramatically in the past 20 years when it comes to food in France.
Some of the ideas of French food life may be a performance. France is this
pastoral nation where people are spending five hours a day going to 12
different markets to get their food.   
Food as status. The
introduction of global foods and brands has compounded food as a status symbol
for some Chinese.   In China, people eat food
not necessarily for taste, but for texture. You can find food from all of the
provinces of China in Shanghai, as well as every kind of global food style
imaginable.
A. Food
as survival.
B. Food
as community.
C. It's
the hardest to give up.
D. The
celebratory nature of food is universal.
E. It is
an accumulation, a function of your experiences
F. How
and why you eat your food, is, of course, also very cultural.
G. But
food in Italy is love, then nutrition, then history, then pleasure.
三、语法填空
(2024高三上·长春模拟) 语法填空
Recent videos claiming that a school in Ganzhou, Jiangxi, serves pre-made meals to its students  23.   (spark) heated discussions across the country. People doubt if pre-made meals, despite being convenient, are healthy and nutritious enough for growing teenagers.
Pre-made meals refer to half-finished or finished dishes that are already cooked or prepared, according to the China Cuisine  24.   (associate). There are several types of pre-made foods, including ready-to-eat food, such as a canned food or cooked food in package and ready-to-heat or ready-to-cook food,  25.   requires heating or cooking before being served.
Many people tend  26.   (think) that ready-to-heat and ready-to-cook foods are less nutritious because they usually need to be kept in  27.   (freeze).
"Actually freezing does not cause a loss of nutrients, " Liu Junya,  28.   -year-old dietitian in Beijing, told Teens. "Nutrient loss  29.   (typical) occurs during the heating or frying process. Pre-made foods can be less nutritious than freshly prepared and cooked foods, " Liu said.
Meanwhile, "many pre-made food companies prioritize taste over nutrition, " said Liu. This leads to  30.  (high) levels of salt and sugar in the food, which may lead to health problems, such as high blood pressure or diabetes (糖尿病)  31.   the long term.
It is hoped that regulations on pre-made meals can  32.   (strengthen) to better ensure nutrition and hygiene (卫生).
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