中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点时事话题专练24友谊陪伴
主要内容
完形填空 在一次越野赛中，贝利为了帮助受伤的Lenoue，而放弃早点结束比赛的故事
阅读理解 一些可以重新与老朋友建立联系的建议
我们尽管在感到孤独的时候对社交活动会产生抵触，但应该尽量避免这样做
一项新的研究发现，该研究发现最有害的人际关系不是纯粹负面的关系，而是混合了正面和负面情绪的关系
任务型阅读 真朋友的意义
一位女生在别人说想和她交朋友这件事上的困惑进行了解答
语法填空 如何结交新朋友
写作 从下面两个观点中，选择一个，写一篇英语文章投稿。观点如下：1. The more friends you have, the happier you'll be.2. Having a few true friends is enough.
一、完形填空
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 1． the course earlier than she did. Her 2． came because she was carrying a 3． across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 4． when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 5． to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 6． . She couldn't. Bailey then 7． to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 8． attention.
Once there, Lenoue was 9． and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme 10． to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's help.
As for Bailey, she is more 11． about why her act is considered a big 12． . "She was just crying. I couldn't 13． her," Bailey told the reporter. "I feel like I was just doing the right thing."
Although the two young women were strangers before the 14． , they've since become friends. Neither won the race, but the 15． of human kindness won the day.
1．A．designed B．followed C．changed D．finished
2．A．delay B．chance C．trouble D．excuse
3．A．judge B．volunteer C．classmate D．competitor
4．A．race B．school C．town D．training
5．A．agreed B．returned C．stopped D．promised
6．A．courage B．aid C．patience D．advice
7．A．went away B．stood up C．stepped aside D．bent down
8．A．medical B．public C．constant D．equal
9．A．interrupted B．assessed C．identified D．appreciated
10．A．hunger B．pain C．cold D．tiredness
11．A．worried B．ashamed C．confused D．discouraged
12．A．game B．problem C．lesson D．deal
13．A．leave B．cure C．bother D．understand
14．A．ride B．test C．meet D．show
15．A．secret B．display C．benefit D．exchange
二、阅读理解
（2024高三上·重庆市模拟） 阅读理解
If you have ever lost touch with old school friends, you may find yourself wanting to make contact again. Some teens find that certain school friends are worth keeping contact with and want to keep the friendship going strong.
Hangoutatthesameplaces
One way you can get together with old friends from your school is to go to the same places that they go to. If you still go to school together, you probably know where everyone goes on the weekends. If you are able to go there too, you may find that your relationships with your old school friends start up again.
Sportsteams
If you are athletic and your former friends are too, joining school sports teams is a great way to catch up with old friends. This doesn't mean that you should join a sport which you do not like just so you can see your old friends. However, if you like sports, wish to join a team and your former friends are on that team, and then playing the team sports is a great way to get to know them again.
Takepartinschoolclubs
There are often a lot of school clubs in which teens participate. Depending on your interests and your former friends' interests, you may just find a club at school. Sharing a common interest such as a club activity will help you to have something in common and something to talk about.
16．You can get together with old friends by ____.
A．joining the dance clubs
B．having dinner with them
C．going to the places where they go
D．going shopping with them every day
17．From the third paragraph we can learn that ____.
A．playing sports helps you get your old friends again
B．you have to play a sport to make more friends
C．team sports are interesting activities at school
D．you have to play the sport your friends like
18．Why did the writer write this text
A．To tell a hobby. B．To share same interests.
C．To join clubs. D．To contact old friends.
（2023高三下·邯郸模拟）阅读理解There have been a few times in my life when I felt very lonely. I particularly remember my loneliness when I moved to New York City. I had a couple of friends in the city, still, it was a tune in my life when I needed to put forth some effort to form more meaningful relation-ships. But the more I went out to parties, the more disconnected and lonely I felt. Feeling lonely in a room full of people, or in my case, a whole city packed with people everywhere, was the loneliest I have ever felt.
So, rather than trying a new way to make friends, I was more likely to ignore phone calls from friends, and I looked at social invitations and opportunities to meet new people as drudgery(苦差事). Looking back on this period of loneliness,/I wonder at the way I isolated(孤立) myself instead of reaching out to those who were willing to keep me company and offer friendship.
What I have learned from my own experience and the experience of many of my friends is that more often than not, those who feel lonely choose isolation. Indeed, many of my own friends describe avoiding social life as a way of dealing with feelings of loneliness.
This behavior is somewhat common, and new research takes a big step towards explaining this behavior. According to leading experts on the loneliness, Stephanie and John Cacioppo, there is an evolutionary explanation for this tendency to isolate when we are feeling lonely. By monitoring lonely people's brainwaves, they found that lonely people tend to respond negatively to social life. "Loneliness causes some brain-related changes that put us into a socially nervous mode," Dr. Christian Jarrett explains.
Making ourselves aware of this evolutionary natural tendency could actually be the first step in fighting loneliness. Once we know that we are more sensitive to negativity during lonely spells, we can focus our energy on resisting the desire to put up walls.
19．What happened to the author after she moved to New York City
A．She had no friends there.
B．She lacked confidence there
C．She needed opportunities for parties.
D．She felt lonely even with people present.
20．How did the author try to seal with her situation
A．By refusing to go out to meet others.
B．By looking for solutions on the Internet.
C．By trying various methods to make friends.
D．By doing some drudgery to forget her problem.
21．What did Stephanie and John Cacioppo find in their research
A．Lonely people tend to disgust social life.
B．People respond negatively to lonely people.
C．Loneliness can do great harm to people's health.
D．Loneliness can be caused by e socially nervous mode.
22．What does the author most probably want to show in the text
A．We shouldn't be influenced by negativity.
B．We shouldn't choose isolation when we feel lonely.
C．We should make friends based on scientific findings.
D．We should spend more time with friends than relatives.
（2024·广东模拟） 阅读理解
We often think about relationships on a scale from positive to negative. We are drawn to loving family members, caring classmates and supportive mentors. We do our best to avoid the cruel uncle, the playground bully and the jerk boss.
But the most toxic relationships aren't the purely negative ones. They're the ones that are a mix of positive and negative. We often call them frenemies, supposed friends who sometimes help you and sometimes hurt you. But ifs not just friends. It's the in-laws who volunteer to watch your kids but belittle your parenting. The manager who praises your work but denies you a promotion.
Everyone knows how relationships like that can tie your stomach into a knot. But groundbreaking research led by the psychologists Bert Uchino and Julianne Holt-Lunstad shows that ambivalent (矛盾情绪的) relationships can be damaging to your health — even more than purely negative relationships.
I had assumed that with a neighbor or a colleague, having some positive interactions was better than all negative interactions. But being cheered on by the same person who cuts you down doesn't reduce the bad feelings; it increases them. And it's not just in your head: It leaves a trace in your heart and your blood.
Even a single ambivalent interaction can cause harm. In one experiment, people gave impromptu speeches on controversial topics in front of a friend who offered feedback. The researchers had randomly assigned the friend to give ambivalent or negative comments. Receiving mixed feedback caused higher blood pressure than pure criticism. "I would have gone about the topic differently, but you're doing fine" proved to be more distressing than "I totally disagree with everything you've said."
The evidence that ambivalent relationships can be bad for us is strong, but the reasons can be harder to read — just like the relationships themselves.
The most intuitive reason is that ambivalent relationships are unpredictable. With a clear enemy, you put up a shield when you cross paths. With a frenemy, you never know whether Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde is going to show up. Feeling unsure can disrupt the body's calming system and activate a fight-or-flight response. It's unsettling to hope for a hug while also preparing for a likely quarrel.
Another factor is that unpleasant interactions are more painful in an ambivalent relationship. It's more upsetting to be let down by people you like sometimes than by people you dislike all the time. When someone stabs you in the back, it stings more if he's been friendly to your face.
23．Which of the following can be counted as a frenemy
A．Your neighbour's kid who advises you to study hard but idles away his own time.
B．Your classmate who admires your diligence at first, but doubts your intelligence later.
C．Your mother's friend who encourages you to spend more time on homework but less on smart phones.
D．Your father's colleague who proposes you to do a moderate amount of homework while ensuring adequate sleep.
24．Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage
A．Ambivalent relationships have a permanent effect on your well-being.
B．The common cause for high blood pressure is ambivalent relationship.
C．Ambivalent interactions will be more painful if it is done consciously.
D．The negative impact of ambivalent interactions is direct and strong.
25．The underlined word "belittle" in paragraph 2 probably means ____.
A．devalue B．appreciate C．respect D．abuse
26．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage
A．Some Negative Relationships Are Bad for Your Health
B．Your Most Ambivalent Relationships Are the Most Toxic
C．The Reasons for Ambivalent Relationships Are Unpredictable
D．Some Positive Relationships Are Better than All Negative Ones
三、任务型阅读
（2023·模拟）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
True friends are hard to find. 27． . Only then will we have a valuable friendship.
28． . Through good times or bad times, they will stand by your side. They will not leave you alone when things get difficult. They will accept you without trying to change you. They will bring new and exciting things into your life and make it richer.
True friends will keep your secrets as you will keep theirs. They will be honest and you can always believe in them. 29． , you don't have to worry about what you may say wrong. We can enjoy this freedom only with friends.
Friendship is a two-way street. To find a true friend you must be a true friend as well. 30． and share the good times with them. Offer them the same things they give to you. Friendship will fall apart quickly if only one person is giving and putting effort into it.
You will find that there is nothing more valuable than having a true friend by your side to share life with. Just as someone puts it " 31． ".
If you want to have some sincere friends, you must treat others sincerely. That is the best tips.
A. Be there for your friends when they are in need
B. We never make friends
C. We should find them by heart
D. Friends always argue with you
E. A true friend is someone who will always be there for you
F. If you talk to someone who you believe in
G. There is nothing on this earth more to be prized than true friendship
（2022·安徽模拟）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A school girl writes to me and says that a girl named Jane just transferred (转学) to their class and became her deskmate. 32． But Lucy and she have been friends for a long time, and they enjoy doing things together. She asks me what she should do. The following is what I say to her:
This is quite a compliment (祝贺).
33． Imagine if you were new in a class and hadn't made friends yet. I knew I would be very nervous and a bit shy to reach out. This is why when I was younger and there was a new student in my school or my class, my friends and I would introduce ourselves and get to know him or her. It's important to put yourself in the other person's shoes.
It's really nice that she felt comfortable enough to ask you to be a friend. Are you worried that Lucy will be upset or that being friends with the new girl in class will take away the time you spend with her 34．
You can introduce the new girl to Lucy as well. If you are worried this might change things between you and Lucy, I don't think it has to be a bad thing.
While sometimes adding another person to your circle of friends can change the dynamic (活力), chances are that you all get along really well. 35． In fact, it's important to always try to make new friends.
Reaching out to someone when they are in an uncomfortable situation is also a sign of kindness and empathy (同感). 36． And you never know-you just might make a lifelong friend.
A. Being the new kid can be tough.
B. You can't agree on everything.
C. If so, I don't think you should worry.
D. Having a new friend doesn't mean you lose your old one.
E. You will have a positive influence on your other classmates.
F. You should have a heart-to-heart talk with your old friend.
G. Jane doesn't have friends in the class and wants to make friends with her.
四、语法填空
37．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词正确形式。
(Make) new friends means
putting yourself out on a limb(孤立无援) and asking others not
only to accept you, but to like you and want to be around you as well. (unfortunate), there is no magical solution to this part of
process, so if you want to make friends, take a deep breath and jump right in.
first step to making
friends is figuring out what is holding you back. A lot of times people are interested in making new friends don't know why they don't
have them already. They can't see that . (they) own working against them.
Once you can identify what is keeping you
from making new friends, you need to work through these concerns. This can be
painful because you will need to put yourself outside of your comfort zones to
see any real (difference) .
The next step is to shine in these social setting so that others
will leave with a positive (impress). If you find
social situations hard, just rely a few simple rules.
When you feel (confidence) that you've made some great new friends, get out
there and celebrate it with them! No matter what you decide (do), the important thing is to celebrate your new friends and
hopefully continue cultivating (培养) more.
五、书面表达
38．（2024高三下·德阳模拟） 你校英语园地正在征集关于友谊的英语文章。请从下面两个观点中，选择一个，写一篇英语文章投稿。观点如下：1. The more friends you have, the happier you'll be.2. Having a few true friends is enough.
注意：1. 字数100词左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点时事话题专练24友谊陪伴
主要内容
完形填空 在一次越野赛中，贝利为了帮助受伤的Lenoue，而放弃早点结束比赛的故事
阅读理解 一些可以重新与老朋友建立联系的建议
我们尽管在感到孤独的时候对社交活动会产生抵触，但应该尽量避免这样做
一项新的研究发现，该研究发现最有害的人际关系不是纯粹负面的关系，而是混合了正面和负面情绪的关系
任务型阅读 真朋友的意义
一位女生在别人说想和她交朋友这件事上的困惑进行了解答
语法填空 如何结交新朋友
写作 从下面两个观点中，选择一个，写一篇英语文章投稿。观点如下：1. The more friends you have, the happier you'll be.2. Having a few true friends is enough.
一、完形填空
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 1． the course earlier than she did. Her 2． came because she was carrying a 3． across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 4． when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 5． to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 6． . She couldn't. Bailey then 7． to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 8． attention.
Once there, Lenoue was 9． and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme 10． to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's help.
As for Bailey, she is more 11． about why her act is considered a big 12． . "She was just crying. I couldn't 13． her," Bailey told the reporter. "I feel like I was just doing the right thing."
Although the two young women were strangers before the 14． , they've since become friends. Neither won the race, but the 15． of human kindness won the day.
1．A．designed B．followed C．changed D．finished
2．A．delay B．chance C．trouble D．excuse
3．A．judge B．volunteer C．classmate D．competitor
4．A．race B．school C．town D．training
5．A．agreed B．returned C．stopped D．promised
6．A．courage B．aid C．patience D．advice
7．A．went away B．stood up C．stepped aside D．bent down
8．A．medical B．public C．constant D．equal
9．A．interrupted B．assessed C．identified D．appreciated
10．A．hunger B．pain C．cold D．tiredness
11．A．worried B．ashamed C．confused D．discouraged
12．A．game B．problem C．lesson D．deal
13．A．leave B．cure C．bother D．understand
14．A．ride B．test C．meet D．show
15．A．secret B．display C．benefit D．exchange
【答案】1．D；2．A；3．D；4．A；5．C；6．B；7．D；8．A；9．B；10．B；11．C；12．D；13．A；14．C；15．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了在一次越野赛中，贝利为了帮助受伤的Lenoue，而放弃早点结束比赛的故事，告诉人们：虽然他们在比赛中失败了，但是他们所表现出的善良为她们赢得了比赛。
【点评】考查完形填空。答题时首先要跳过空格，通读文章掌握大意。然后细读文章，字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
1．句意：梅勒妮·贝利应该比 更早完成进程。A. designed设计；B. followed跟随；C. changed改变；D. finished完成。上句提到，贝利参加了越野赛跑，结合选项，此处应是她本应该更早地完成比赛的，故选D。
2．句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A. delay延迟；B. chance机会；C. trouble麻烦；D. excuse借口。根据上句中的谓语动词should have finished，可知贝利没能早些完成比赛，所以此处应是她延迟完成了比赛，故选A。
3．句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A. judge裁判；B. volunteer志愿者；C. classmate同学；D. competitor竞争者。根据上句中的谓语动词should have finished，可知贝利没能早些完成比赛，根据下文可知，未能早些完成比赛是因为她背着另一个参赛者到达终点，故选D。
4．句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当贝利跑到三分之二多的时候，她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣。A. race比赛；B. school学校；C. town城镇；D. training训练。根据上文，贝利参加越野赛race，故选A。
5．句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。A. agreed同意；B. returned返回；C. stopped停止；D. promised承诺。根据下文，贝利背着因剧痛无法完成比赛的Danielle Lenoue到达终点，所以此处是她停下来帮助Danielle Lenoue，故选C。
6．句意：Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with aid。A. courage勇气；B. aid帮助；C. patience耐心；D. advice建议。根据空格前的took her arm，可知贝利试图给予Danielle Lenoue帮助，帮她完成比赛，故选B。
7．句意：然后贝利弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上，一路抱着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到勒诺接受治疗的地方。A. went away走开；B. stood up站起；C. stepped aside走一边；D. bent down弯腰。根据空格后的let Lenoue climb onto her back，可知贝利需要弯下腰，故选D。
8．句意：然后贝利弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上，一路抱着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到勒诺接受治疗的地方。A. medical医学的；B. public公共的；C. constant持续的；D. equal平等的。根据第9空格后的and later taken to a hospital，可知贝利帮助Danielle Lenoue获得了医学护理，故选A。
9．句意：勒诺在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。A. interrupted打断；B. assessed评估；C. identified确认；D. appreciated感激。根据空格后的later taken to a hospital，可知医生在Danielle Lenoue被送去医院前，应是对她的伤势进行了评估，故选B。
10．句意：如果没有贝利的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站。A. hunger饥饿；B. pain疼痛；C. cold感冒；D. tiredness疲倦。根据句意，结合下文提到的"She was just crying"，可知如果没有贝利的帮助，Lenoue需要忍受巨大的痛苦才能完成比赛，故选B。
11．句意：至于贝利，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. worried担心的；B. ashamed羞耻的；C. confused困惑的；D. discouraged泄气的。根据第13空后的"I feel like I was just doing the right thing我觉得我做的是对的"，可知贝利认为这没什么大不了的，而且她对于别人认为这是一件了不起的事的想法感到困惑不解，故选C。
12．句意：至于贝利，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. game比赛；B. problem问题；C. lesson教训；D. deal交易。a big deal是固定短语，意"了不起的事"，故选D。
13．句意：我不能留下她。A. leave离开；B. cure治愈；C. bother打扰；D. understand理解。贝利表示，Lenoue一直在哭，她不能置之不理，故选A。
14．句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在见面之前是陌生人，但后来她们成了朋友。两人都没有赢得比赛，但人类的善良赢得了胜利。A. ride骑；B. test测试；C. meet见面；D. show展示。 根据上下文，可知贝利和Lenoue是第一次见面，所以在这次见面前她们是陌生人，故选C。
15．句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在见面之前是陌生人，但后来她们成了朋友。两人都没有赢得比赛，但人类的善良赢得了胜利。A. secret秘密；B. display展示；C. benefit益处；D. exchange交换。通过贝利与Lenoue的故事，他们所展示出的善良举止赢得了人们的关注，故选B。
二、阅读理解
（2024高三上·重庆市模拟） 阅读理解
If you have ever lost touch with old school friends, you may find yourself wanting to make contact again. Some teens find that certain school friends are worth keeping contact with and want to keep the friendship going strong.
Hangoutatthesameplaces
One way you can get together with old friends from your school is to go to the same places that they go to. If you still go to school together, you probably know where everyone goes on the weekends. If you are able to go there too, you may find that your relationships with your old school friends start up again.
Sportsteams
If you are athletic and your former friends are too, joining school sports teams is a great way to catch up with old friends. This doesn't mean that you should join a sport which you do not like just so you can see your old friends. However, if you like sports, wish to join a team and your former friends are on that team, and then playing the team sports is a great way to get to know them again.
Takepartinschoolclubs
There are often a lot of school clubs in which teens participate. Depending on your interests and your former friends' interests, you may just find a club at school. Sharing a common interest such as a club activity will help you to have something in common and something to talk about.
16．You can get together with old friends by ____.
A．joining the dance clubs
B．having dinner with them
C．going to the places where they go
D．going shopping with them every day
17．From the third paragraph we can learn that ____.
A．playing sports helps you get your old friends again
B．you have to play a sport to make more friends
C．team sports are interesting activities at school
D．you have to play the sport your friends like
18．Why did the writer write this text
A．To tell a hobby. B．To share same interests.
C．To join clubs. D．To contact old friends.
【答案】16．C
17．A
18．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了一些可以重新与老朋友建立联系的建议。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
16．考查细节理解。根据Hang out at the same places部分中的"One way you can get together with old friends from your school is to go to the same places that they go to."有一种方法可以让你和学校的老朋友聚在一起，那就是去他们常去的地方。可知，你可以去老朋友去的地方和他们聚在一起。故选C。
17．考查细节理解。根据Sports teams部分中的"If you are athletic and your former friends are too, joining school sports teams is a great way to catch up with old friends. "如果你擅长运动，你以前的朋友也是，加入学校的运动队是一个很好的与老朋友见面的方式。可知，参加体育运动可以帮助再次见到你的老朋友。故选A。
18．考查推理判断。根据第一段"If you have ever lost touch with old school friends, you may find yourself wanting to make contact again. Some teens find that certain school friends are worth keeping contact with and want to keep the friendship going strong. "如果你曾经与老同学失去联系，你可能会发现自己想要再次联系。一些青少年发现，某些学校的朋友是值得保持联系，并希望保持友谊牢固；以及下文给出的重新与老朋友建立联系的建议可推知，文章是为想要再次联系老朋友的读者提供方法，让他们成功联系上老朋友。故选D。
（2023高三下·邯郸模拟）阅读理解There have been a few times in my life when I felt very lonely. I particularly remember my loneliness when I moved to New York City. I had a couple of friends in the city, still, it was a tune in my life when I needed to put forth some effort to form more meaningful relation-ships. But the more I went out to parties, the more disconnected and lonely I felt. Feeling lonely in a room full of people, or in my case, a whole city packed with people everywhere, was the loneliest I have ever felt.
So, rather than trying a new way to make friends, I was more likely to ignore phone calls from friends, and I looked at social invitations and opportunities to meet new people as drudgery(苦差事). Looking back on this period of loneliness,/I wonder at the way I isolated(孤立) myself instead of reaching out to those who were willing to keep me company and offer friendship.
What I have learned from my own experience and the experience of many of my friends is that more often than not, those who feel lonely choose isolation. Indeed, many of my own friends describe avoiding social life as a way of dealing with feelings of loneliness.
This behavior is somewhat common, and new research takes a big step towards explaining this behavior. According to leading experts on the loneliness, Stephanie and John Cacioppo, there is an evolutionary explanation for this tendency to isolate when we are feeling lonely. By monitoring lonely people's brainwaves, they found that lonely people tend to respond negatively to social life. "Loneliness causes some brain-related changes that put us into a socially nervous mode," Dr. Christian Jarrett explains.
Making ourselves aware of this evolutionary natural tendency could actually be the first step in fighting loneliness. Once we know that we are more sensitive to negativity during lonely spells, we can focus our energy on resisting the desire to put up walls.
19．What happened to the author after she moved to New York City
A．She had no friends there.
B．She lacked confidence there
C．She needed opportunities for parties.
D．She felt lonely even with people present.
20．How did the author try to seal with her situation
A．By refusing to go out to meet others.
B．By looking for solutions on the Internet.
C．By trying various methods to make friends.
D．By doing some drudgery to forget her problem.
21．What did Stephanie and John Cacioppo find in their research
A．Lonely people tend to disgust social life.
B．People respond negatively to lonely people.
C．Loneliness can do great harm to people's health.
D．Loneliness can be caused by e socially nervous mode.
22．What does the author most probably want to show in the text
A．We shouldn't be influenced by negativity.
B．We shouldn't choose isolation when we feel lonely.
C．We should make friends based on scientific findings.
D．We should spend more time with friends than relatives.
【答案】19．D
20．A
21．A
22．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了我们尽管在感到孤独的时候对社交活动会产生抵触，但应该尽量避免这样做。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
19．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Feeling lonely in a room full of people, or in my case, a whole city packed with people everywhere, was the loneliest I have ever felt."在一个满是人的房间里感到孤独，或者对我来说，在一个挤满了人的城市里感到孤独，这是我所感到的最孤独的感觉。可知，作者发现自己跟很多人在一起时仍然感到孤独。故选D。
20．考查细节理解。根据第二段" So, rather than trying a new way to make friends, I was more likely to ignore phone calls from friends, and I looked at social invitations and opportunities to meet new people as drudgery(苦差事). Looking back on this period of loneliness,/I wonder at the way I isolated(孤立) myself instead of reaching out to those who were willing to keep me company and offer friendship. "因此，我没有尝试一种新的交朋友方式，而是更倾向于忽略朋友的电话，我把社交邀请和结识新朋友的机会视为苦差事。回顾这段孤独的时光，我很奇怪我是如何孤立自己的，而不是去接触那些愿意陪伴我和提供友谊的人。可知，作者选择不外出和别人进行社交活动。故选A。
21．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"By monitoring lonely people's brainwaves, they found that lonely people tend to respond negatively to social life. ‘Loneliness causes some brain-related changes that put us into a socially nervous mode,' Dr. Christian Jarrett explains."通过监测孤独的人的脑电波，他们发现孤独的人倾向于对社交生活做出消极的反应。"孤独会导致一些与大脑相关的变化，使我们进入社交紧张模式，"克里斯蒂安·贾勒特博士解释道。可知，他们发现感到孤独的人倾向于厌恶社交活动。故选A。
22．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"Making ourselves aware of this evolutionary natural tendency could actually be the first step in fighting loneliness. Once we know that we are more sensitive to negativity during lonely spells, we can focus our energy on resisting the desire to put up walls."让我们自己意识到这种进化的自然趋势实际上是战胜孤独的第一步。一旦我们知道在孤独时期我们对消极情绪更敏感，我们就可以集中精力抵制筑墙的欲望。可知，当我们感到孤单时，我们也不应该拒绝社交活动。故选B。
（2024·广东模拟） 阅读理解
We often think about relationships on a scale from positive to negative. We are drawn to loving family members, caring classmates and supportive mentors. We do our best to avoid the cruel uncle, the playground bully and the jerk boss.
But the most toxic relationships aren't the purely negative ones. They're the ones that are a mix of positive and negative. We often call them frenemies, supposed friends who sometimes help you and sometimes hurt you. But ifs not just friends. It's the in-laws who volunteer to watch your kids but belittle your parenting. The manager who praises your work but denies you a promotion.
Everyone knows how relationships like that can tie your stomach into a knot. But groundbreaking research led by the psychologists Bert Uchino and Julianne Holt-Lunstad shows that ambivalent (矛盾情绪的) relationships can be damaging to your health — even more than purely negative relationships.
I had assumed that with a neighbor or a colleague, having some positive interactions was better than all negative interactions. But being cheered on by the same person who cuts you down doesn't reduce the bad feelings; it increases them. And it's not just in your head: It leaves a trace in your heart and your blood.
Even a single ambivalent interaction can cause harm. In one experiment, people gave impromptu speeches on controversial topics in front of a friend who offered feedback. The researchers had randomly assigned the friend to give ambivalent or negative comments. Receiving mixed feedback caused higher blood pressure than pure criticism. "I would have gone about the topic differently, but you're doing fine" proved to be more distressing than "I totally disagree with everything you've said."
The evidence that ambivalent relationships can be bad for us is strong, but the reasons can be harder to read — just like the relationships themselves.
The most intuitive reason is that ambivalent relationships are unpredictable. With a clear enemy, you put up a shield when you cross paths. With a frenemy, you never know whether Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde is going to show up. Feeling unsure can disrupt the body's calming system and activate a fight-or-flight response. It's unsettling to hope for a hug while also preparing for a likely quarrel.
Another factor is that unpleasant interactions are more painful in an ambivalent relationship. It's more upsetting to be let down by people you like sometimes than by people you dislike all the time. When someone stabs you in the back, it stings more if he's been friendly to your face.
23．Which of the following can be counted as a frenemy
A．Your neighbour's kid who advises you to study hard but idles away his own time.
B．Your classmate who admires your diligence at first, but doubts your intelligence later.
C．Your mother's friend who encourages you to spend more time on homework but less on smart phones.
D．Your father's colleague who proposes you to do a moderate amount of homework while ensuring adequate sleep.
24．Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage
A．Ambivalent relationships have a permanent effect on your well-being.
B．The common cause for high blood pressure is ambivalent relationship.
C．Ambivalent interactions will be more painful if it is done consciously.
D．The negative impact of ambivalent interactions is direct and strong.
25．The underlined word "belittle" in paragraph 2 probably means ____.
A．devalue B．appreciate C．respect D．abuse
26．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage
A．Some Negative Relationships Are Bad for Your Health
B．Your Most Ambivalent Relationships Are the Most Toxic
C．The Reasons for Ambivalent Relationships Are Unpredictable
D．Some Positive Relationships Are Better than All Negative Ones
【答案】23．B
24．D
25．A
26．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的研究发现，该研究发现最有害的人际关系不是纯粹负面的关系，而是混合了正面和负面情绪的关系。这种关系被称为"亦敌亦友"的关系，即有时帮助你，有时伤害你的关系。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
23．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"They're the ones that are a mix of positive and negative. We often call them frenemies, supposed friends who sometimes help you and sometimes hurt you. But ifs not just friends. It's the in-laws who volunteer to watch your kids but belittle your parenting. The manager who praises your work but denies you a promotion."他们是一种混合了正面和负面情绪的关系。我们通常称他们为"亦敌亦友"，即有时帮助你，有时伤害你的关系。但不仅仅是朋友。还有那些自愿帮你照顾孩子但却轻视你育儿方法的姻亲，还有那些赞美你的工作但却不给你晋升机会的经理。可知，"亦敌亦友"的人指的是有时候帮助你，有时候伤害你的关系。"你的同学，一开始钦佩你的勤奋，但后来怀疑你的智力。"符合这一表述。故选B。
24．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"But being cheered on by the same person who cuts you down doesn't reduce the bad feelings; it increases them. And it's not just in your head: It leaves a trace in your heart and your blood."但是，被击倒你的同一个人鼓舞并不能减少你的不良情绪；它增加了它们。它不仅存在于你的头脑中，还会在你的心脏和血液中留下痕迹；以及第五段"Even a single ambivalent interaction can cause harm. In one experiment, people gave impromptu speeches on controversial topics in front of a friend who offered feedback. The researchers had randomly assigned the friend to give ambivalent or negative comments. Receiving mixed feedback caused higher blood pressure than pure criticism. ‘I would have gone about the topic differently, but you're doing fine' proved to be more distressing than ‘I totally disagree with everything you've said'"(即使是一个矛盾的相互作用也会造成伤害。在一项实验中，人们在一位朋友面前就有争议的话题即兴演讲，这位朋友提供反馈。研究人员随机安排这位朋友给出矛盾或负面的评论。接受褒贬不一的反馈比接受纯粹的批评更容易导致高血压。比起"我完全不同意你所说的一切"，"我本来可以换个方式来讨论这个话题，但是你做得很好"被证明更令人沮丧。可推测，矛盾相互作用的负面影响是直接的，强烈的。故选D。
25．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"The manager who praises your work but denies you a promotion."表扬你的工作却不给你升职的经理。可知，这类人帮助你又会贬低你；以及"watch your kids"是帮助，可推测，划线词belittle的意思和"批评"相似。故选A。
26．考查标题归纳。根据第三段"Everyone knows how relationships like that can tie your stomach into a knot. But groundbreaking research led by the psychologists Bert Uchino and Julianne Holt-Lunstad shows that ambivalent (矛盾情绪的) relationships can be damaging to your health — even more than purely negative relationships."每个人都知道这样的关系会让你的胃打个结。但由心理学家Bert Uchino和Julianne Holt-Lunstad领导的开创性研究表明，矛盾的关系可能对你的健康有害 —— 甚至比纯粹的消极关系更有害。以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是矛盾的关系才是最有害的。故选B。
三、任务型阅读
（2023·模拟）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
True friends are hard to find. 27． . Only then will we have a valuable friendship.
28． . Through good times or bad times, they will stand by your side. They will not leave you alone when things get difficult. They will accept you without trying to change you. They will bring new and exciting things into your life and make it richer.
True friends will keep your secrets as you will keep theirs. They will be honest and you can always believe in them. 29． , you don't have to worry about what you may say wrong. We can enjoy this freedom only with friends.
Friendship is a two-way street. To find a true friend you must be a true friend as well. 30． and share the good times with them. Offer them the same things they give to you. Friendship will fall apart quickly if only one person is giving and putting effort into it.
You will find that there is nothing more valuable than having a true friend by your side to share life with. Just as someone puts it " 31． ".
If you want to have some sincere friends, you must treat others sincerely. That is the best tips.
A. Be there for your friends when they are in need
B. We never make friends
C. We should find them by heart
D. Friends always argue with you
E. A true friend is someone who will always be there for you
F. If you talk to someone who you believe in
G. There is nothing on this earth more to be prized than true friendship
【答案】27．C；28．E；29．F；30．A；31．G
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了真朋友的意义。
A. 当你的朋友需要帮助的时候，要在他们身边
B. 我们从不交朋友
C. 我们应该记住它们
D. 朋友总是和你争论
E. 真正的朋友是永远在你身边的人
F. 如果你和你信任的人交谈
G. 在这个世界上没有什么比真正的友谊更值得珍视
【点评】七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符合来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出其他选项表达完全同意思的句子，这样的话就可以直接将该选项排除。
27．根据上文"True friends are hard to find."(真正的朋友很难找。)可知，找到真正的朋友很难。根据下文"Only then will we have a valuable friendship."(只有这样，我们才能拥有宝贵的友谊。)承接空处可知，这样就有了真正的友谊。所以空处应说明找到真朋友的具体方式。选项C"我们应该用心去找"，指出了用心找朋友是找到真朋友的方式，与下文逻辑相符。故选C。
28．根据下文"Through good times or bad times, they will stand by your side. They will not leave you alone when things get difficult. They will accept you without trying to change you. They will bring new and exciting things into your life and make it richer."(无论顺境逆境，他们都会站在你身边。当事情变得困难时，他们不会独自留下你。他们会接受你，而不是试图改变你。他们会给你的生活带来新的、令人兴奋的东西，让你的生活更加丰富多彩。)可知，真朋友不在乎你的境况，总会站在你身边。因而作为本段的主题句，可以描述什么是真朋友。选项E"真正的朋友是一个永远在你身边的人。"语义符合。故选E。
29．根据上文"True friends will keep your secrets as you will keep theirs. "(真正的朋友会保守你的秘密，就像你会保守他们的秘密一样。)可知，真朋友会保守你的秘密，这样会给你安全感。因而，空处可以承接上文，讲述你和你信任的人讲话，就不用担心。选项F"如果你和你信任的人说话"，与下文"you don't have to worry about what you may say wrong. "(你不必担心你会说错什么。)在意义上逻辑相符。故选F。
30．根据上文"Friendship is a two-way street. To find a true friend you must be a true friend as well. "(友谊是一条双行道。要找到一个真正的朋友，你也必须是一个真正的朋友。)可知，要找到真朋友，你必须也是一个真正的朋友。所以空处承接上文，讲述真正的朋友要做什么。选项A"当你的朋友需要帮助的时候陪在他们身边"，论述了真朋友要在朋友需要时陪在他们身边，符合题意。故选A。
31．根据上文"You will find that there is nothing more valuable than having a true friend by your side to share life with. Just as someone puts it"(你会发现没有什么比拥有一个真正的朋友在你身边分享生活更有价值的了。就像有人说的那样)可知，空处是对本段内容的总结，讲述真正的朋友是最有价值的，是值得珍视的。选项G"世界上没有什么比真正的友谊更值得珍视了"，符合题意。故选G。
（2022·安徽模拟）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A school girl writes to me and says that a girl named Jane just transferred (转学) to their class and became her deskmate. 32． But Lucy and she have been friends for a long time, and they enjoy doing things together. She asks me what she should do. The following is what I say to her:
This is quite a compliment (祝贺).
33． Imagine if you were new in a class and hadn't made friends yet. I knew I would be very nervous and a bit shy to reach out. This is why when I was younger and there was a new student in my school or my class, my friends and I would introduce ourselves and get to know him or her. It's important to put yourself in the other person's shoes.
It's really nice that she felt comfortable enough to ask you to be a friend. Are you worried that Lucy will be upset or that being friends with the new girl in class will take away the time you spend with her 34．
You can introduce the new girl to Lucy as well. If you are worried this might change things between you and Lucy, I don't think it has to be a bad thing.
While sometimes adding another person to your circle of friends can change the dynamic (活力), chances are that you all get along really well. 35． In fact, it's important to always try to make new friends.
Reaching out to someone when they are in an uncomfortable situation is also a sign of kindness and empathy (同感). 36． And you never know-you just might make a lifelong friend.
A. Being the new kid can be tough.
B. You can't agree on everything.
C. If so, I don't think you should worry.
D. Having a new friend doesn't mean you lose your old one.
E. You will have a positive influence on your other classmates.
F. You should have a heart-to-heart talk with your old friend.
G. Jane doesn't have friends in the class and wants to make friends with her.
【答案】32．G；33．A；34．C；35．D；36．E
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者就一位女生在别人说想和她交朋友这件事上的困惑进行了解答。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
32．根据空后“But Lucy and she have been friends for a long time, and they enjoy doing things together.”但是露西和她是很长时间的朋友，她们喜欢在一起做事。可推知新来的同学想和这个女学生做朋友，这让她很为难，因为她已经有朋友露西了。G. Jane doesn't have friends in the class and wants to make friends with her.“ 简在班上没有朋友，她想和她交朋友。”与上述分析一致且衔接上下文自然。故选G。
33．根据空后“Imagine if you were new in a class and hadn't made friends yet. I knew I would be very nervous and a bit shy to reach out.”想象一下，如果你在一个班，还没有交朋友。我知道我会很紧张，而且有点害羞。可知作为一名新来的学生，在没有交到朋友之前会有些紧张和害羞，由此可知此处讲作为新生的一些不易，A. Being the new kid can be tough.“初来乍到可不容易。”与此处话题一致。故选A。
34．根据空前“Lucy will be upset or that being friends with the new girl in class will take away the time you spend with her ”你是否担心露西会不高兴，或者和班上新来的女孩交朋友会占用你和她在一起的时间 是一个问句，由此可知空格处是对前文的承接；以及空后“You can introduce the new girl to Lucy as well. If you are worried this might change things between you and Lucy, I don't think it has to be a bad thing. ”你也可以把新来的女孩介绍给露西。如果你担心这会改变你和露西之间的关系，我不认为这是一件坏事。可知作者认为前文问句中的担心是没必要的。C. If so, I don't think you should worry.“如果是这样，我认为你不应该担心。”衔接上下文自然。故选C。
35．根据空前“While sometimes adding another person to your circle of friends can change the dynamic (活力), chances are that you all get along really well.”虽然有时添加另一个人在你的朋友圈可以改变动态，但很有可能你们都相处得很好；以及空后“In fact, it's important to always try to make new friends.” 事实上，结交新朋友是很重要的。可知结交新朋友并不是一件坏事，大家完全可以在一起相处好，结交新朋友并不意味着失去老朋友。D. Having a new friend doesn't mean you lose your old one.“有一个新朋友并不意味着你失去了你的老朋友。”衔接上下文自然。故选D。
36．根据空前“Reaching out to someone when they are in an uncomfortable situation is also a sign of kindness and empathy (同感).” 当别人处于不舒心的情况下，向他们伸出援手也是友善和同情的标志。可知作者认为要友善地对待初来乍到的同学。E. You will have a positive influence on your other classmates.“ 你将对你的其他同学产生积极的影响。”能很好地衔接上文，因为友善对待初来乍到的同学会对他们产生积极的影响。故选E。
四、语法填空
37．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词正确形式。
(Make) new friends means
putting yourself out on a limb(孤立无援) and asking others not
only to accept you, but to like you and want to be around you as well. (unfortunate), there is no magical solution to this part of
process, so if you want to make friends, take a deep breath and jump right in.
first step to making
friends is figuring out what is holding you back. A lot of times people are interested in making new friends don't know why they don't
have them already. They can't see that . (they) own working against them.
Once you can identify what is keeping you
from making new friends, you need to work through these concerns. This can be
painful because you will need to put yourself outside of your comfort zones to
see any real (difference) .
The next step is to shine in these social setting so that others
will leave with a positive (impress). If you find
social situations hard, just rely a few simple rules.
When you feel (confidence) that you've made some great new friends, get out
there and celebrate it with them! No matter what you decide (do), the important thing is to celebrate your new friends and
hopefully continue cultivating (培养) more.
【答案】Making；Unfortunately；The；who/that；their；differences；impression；on；confident；to do
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何结交新朋友。
（1）考查非谓语动词。设空处充当主语且表示一般情况，所以要用动名词；设空处位于句首要大写。故填Making。
（2）考查副词。设空处位于句首，修饰整个句子，所以要用副词形式；设空处位于句首要大写。故填Unfortunately。
（3）考查冠词。设空后有序数词first，序数词前要用定冠词the；设空处位于句首要大写。故填The。
（4）考查定语从句。句意：很多时候，对交新朋友感兴趣的人并不知道为什么他们没有新朋友。 are interested in making new friends修饰前面的名词people，所以这是一个定语从句；分析定语从句句子成分可知，从句缺少主语，所以要用关系代词；先行词people指人，所以要填that或who。故填who/that。
（5）考查代词。句意：他们看不到他们自己的行动与他们的期望背道而驰。根据句意可知，one's own+名词，“某人自己的......”。故填their。
（6）考查名词。difference是可数名词，根据设空前的any可知，此处需要用difference的复数形式。故填differences。
（7）考查名词。根据设空前的形容词positive可知，设空处要用名词形式；根据a可知，此处要用作单数。故填impression。
（8）考查介词。句意：如果你发现社交场合很艰难的时候，可以依靠一些简单的规则。rely on，固定短语“依靠，依赖”，故填on。
（9）考查形容词。根据设空前的感官动词feel可知，设空处需要填形容词。故填confident。
（10）考查非谓语动词。此空充当decide的宾语，要用动词不定式。故填to do。
【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词，副词，冠词，定语从句，代词，名词，介词以及形容词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
五、书面表达
38．（2024高三下·德阳模拟） 你校英语园地正在征集关于友谊的英语文章。请从下面两个观点中，选择一个，写一篇英语文章投稿。观点如下：1. The more friends you have, the happier you'll be.2. Having a few true friends is enough.
注意：1. 字数100词左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】The majority of us hold that having more friends equals greater happiness. I am hardly in line with this opinion as I strongly/firmly believe true happiness in friendship lies not in quantity but in quality when it comes to interpersonal relationships.
Having a smaller circle of close friends connects us more closely, enabling us to focus on developing deeper and more sincere connections within us. Besides, true friends are those who will be there for us when we face ups and downs in life and who will support us through thick and thin. On the contrary, it takes a great amount of time and energy to maintain the friendship among numerous friends, which is a waste to some extent.
In conclusion/To conclude/In short, having a few true friends is enough to bring happiness and meaning to our life.
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生 写一篇英语文章投稿 。写作背景： 你校英语园地正在征集关于友谊的英语文章。请从两个观点中，选择一个。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：The more friends you have, the happier you'll be.2. Having a few true friends is enough. 提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： The majority of us hold that having more friends equals greater happiness.运用了宾语从句； I am hardly in line with this opinion as I strongly/firmly believe true happiness in friendship lies not in quantity but in quality when it comes to interpersonal relationships.运用了原因状语从句，条件状语从句；Having a smaller circle of close friends connects us more closely, enabling us to focus on developing deeper and more sincere connections within us. 运用了动名词短语作主语，现在分词作状语；Besides, true friends are those who will be there for us when we face ups and downs in life and who will support us through thick and thin. 运用了限制性定语从句；n the contrary, it takes a great amount of time and energy to maintain the friendship among numerous friends, which is a waste to some extent.运用了非限制性定语从句。
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