中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点时事话题专练28精神品格
主要内容
完形填空 作者和一些人在圣诞节前夕外出唱圣诞颂歌
阅读理解 作者参加世界杯的经历，包括亲眼所见的现场情况以及自己的感受
二战期间波兰士兵发现了一只小熊，士兵们收养了它，随后这只小熊跟随士兵们上了前线，为士兵们提供了精神上的慰藉
对某些员工来说，集体归属感比金钱更能激励他们
任务型阅读 美国学校精神周的目的和各种庆祝活动
牛作为十二生肖之一的原因和赞扬牛的精神
语法填空 雷锋精神的传承
陈可辛执导的电影《夺冠》聚焦了几代中国队为实现自己的国家荣耀而进行的斗争
一、完形填空
（2024高三上·重庆市模拟） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
With Christmas approaching, I often reflect upon one particular evening in the early 1960s. Back then, we decided to go carolling (唱圣诞颂歌) to spread the Christmas spirit which might 1． someone else's life. So we needed to take 2． new members, for whom the only 3． was warmth of spirit.
Soon we discovered that carolling brought various 4． . Sometimes we were greeted with open doors and open hearts, while other times, folks remained in the safety and cosiness of their homes, watching 5． through their windows.
One stop on our journey particularly 6． our memory. That night, after a couple of songs, one door swung open. A gentleman, gray haired, tenderly 7． we go upstairs to sing for his bedridden wife. He added 8． , "She loves music and used to be an opera singer."
We stepped briskly upward into the couple's 9． apartment. Books, records, and antique furniture whispered stories to us. I reminded myself not to stare 10． showing disrespect to them.
Sitting beside his wife, the gentleman gave us a 11． . Then our voices rose and lingered around their small home. Had our voices been given extra 12． and beauty for this occasion Perhaps they had.
A smile flickered on the woman's 13． , yet beautiful face. She snuggled her head against her husband's shoulder and both of them heartily enjoyed our performance. Witnessing such a heartwarming scene, we felt it was a holy night, for we were in the 14． of love that was gentle and mild.
At that moment, we found, and maybe even 15． , the Christmas spirit.
1．A． change B． influence C． shape D． brighten.
2．A． on B． in C． over D． up
3．A． requirement B． objective C． reward D． account
4．A． consequences B． comments C． responses D． movements
5．A． awkwardly B． passively C． randomly D． positively
6．A． stuck in B． woke up
C． shot up D． brought out
7．A． commanded B． requested C． proposed D． recommended
8．A． shamefully B． hesitantly C． desirably D． proudly
9．A． unfurnished B． brief C． little D． average
10．A． for the sake of B． for fear of
C． in spite of D． in the hope of
11．A． smile B． nod C． contact D． glance
12．A． seriousness B． energy C． horror D． option
13．A． fancy B． bright C． joyous D． skinny
14．A． presence B． absence C． expectation D． circle
15．A． created B． acquired C． spread D． regained
二、阅读理解
（2023高三下·温州模拟）阅读理解
In 1986, I watched my first soccer match on my parents' big box television. I was six, and ever since then, I have dreamed of attending the World Cup.
This year, I traveled to Brazil to make my dream a reality. The first match I attended was between Australia and Spain. Within minutes of walking into the stadium, I found myself surrounded by the excited fans, talking and cheering together. Unlike what one normally sees on the news, this match was mainly peaceful except for one fight. When the fight started, the whole section began chanting(呼喊)with one voice, asking those fighting to stop. When they didn't, the rabble-rousers were sent out by security guards minutes later.
What struck me about the games I attended was the sense of camaraderie. I met soccer fans from different countries. Sometimes we were cheering for the same team and sometimes for opposite teams, but that didn't stop us from becoming friends. The stands were not divided between teams, and the interaction was often spirit-lifting.
I also watched the game in Sao Paulo that ousted(淘汰)Brazil from the World Cup. I was with friends at a large bar which hosted a mix of Brazilian and German supporters. As Germany scored one goal after another, the sadness and even tears were visible on the faces of Brazilians. But German fans came to the Brazilians to comfort them and apologize that the game was ending with such a big gap. Everyone was hoping for a good match.
What I love about the World Cup is that it provides a chance for people to learn about other countries and cultures. People learn about the countries of the teams they support and about their opponents' history and culture. Soccer is a game that not only gives people the chance to learn about each other but also has the potential to unite people.
Sports can be a dividing force, but the true spirit of sports is about unity and fun. The matches at this World Cup have been exactly that so far, and I hope it remains so.
16．What does the underlined word "rabble-rousers" in paragraph 2 refer to
A．The injured players. B．The fighting fans
C．The excited viewers. D．The security guards
17．What impressed the author most about the games that he attended
A．The chanting fans. B．The peaceful atmosphere.
C．The warm friendship. D．The players' performance.
18．Why did the author mention his bar experience
A．To present a fact. B．To illustrate a point.
C．To solve a problem. D．To make a comparison.
19．What is mainly conveyed in the passage
A．Fans' support counts in sports. B．The World Cup is worth attending.
C．Sports bring the world together. D．Sports are about cultural exchange.
（2024高三上·涵江模拟） 阅读理解
Young soldiers, far away from home and missing their families, discover a bear cub. That's how the story of Wojtek begins, back in
1942. He was alone in the mountains of Iran; nobody knows how he got there.
When the exhausted Polish soldiers came upon Wojtek, they were immediately struck with emotions. They had been away from their loved ones for a long time. They needed something to pick their spirits up. So, they nursed the baby bear with milk from a bottle and named him Wojtek, which means: a warrior to whom fighting brings joy.
Wojtek was officially adopted into the army. He traveled with the army to the Middle East, providing comradery and entertainment. He would wrestle with the men, chase after oranges they cast for him and follow them about like a puppy. He became their connection to humanity in a time when the light of peace seemed so far away. And, like a child, he was also playful. In the desert heat, he learned how to break into the showers and turn on the water. He could also be seen pulling trunks of empty gun shells with the men or standing at attention in formation. Wojtek was also the chief frightener of new members: He would literally bear hug them and hold them upside down for a good laugh.
Getting through the hardship of war takes something extraordinary, something unexpectedly dangerous to preserve your mental state. That's what Wojtek did for the men who had been so long in the fog and uncertainty of World War II. A playful bear became the symbol of strength and adaptability. Thankfully, wars ended but Wojtek was not forgotten. He was shipped with a group of men to a farm in Scotland, which was a fitting place to retire for a bear with so much military experience. Wojtek was a local celebrity. Stories of him kicking a soccer ball, attending local dances and parties, and enjoying jam and honey are still told today. And to everyone who knew him, Wojtek was the one that made a difficult time a little more bearable.
20．How did the Polish soldiers react after they found the bear
A．They were hit by the bear.
B．They accepted him and fed him.
C．They called Wojtek names.
D．They brought joy to him like warriors.
21．What did Wojtek do in the army
A．He would run after and eat up the oranges thrown by the soldiers.
B．He could pull branches with the soldiers to the army camp.
C．He would stand and listen attentively for information.
D．He would play tricks on those newly-joined soldiers.
22．What happened to Wojtek after World War II
A．He became famous and brought joy to the locals in a farm in Scotland.
B．He settled down with the Polish army in a farm in Scotland.
C．He enjoyed his life in another army in a farm in Scotland.
D．He was shipped to his hometown with the help of the Polish soldiers.
23．What is the best title of the passage
A．Wojtek: The Wild Warrior in the Desert Storm
B．Wojtek: From the Frontlines to a Hairy Friend
C．A Lifelong Bear Friend with the Scottish Locals
D．Bearing Witness: The Remarkable Tale of the Polish Army
（2021·聊城模拟）阅读理解
A sense of belonging to a group of co-workers is a better
motivator for some employees than money，according to a study by University of lowa researchers. "We
find that some self-managed teams show increased performance, when their
members work together well," says Greg Stewart, the lead professor in the
study.
At the beginning，Stewart's group studied how managers of self-managed teams decided
payment. They studied 587 workers in 45 self-managed teams in Iowa. The members
were allowed to give suggestions on how much their teammates should be paid for
their work. The managers collected their ideas and then made decisions. The
members were asked about how much their team spirit attracted them，and managers were asked about the productivity of both individuals
and teams.
"In high functioning teams the group members work actively
with each other, and they encourage and support each other, " says Stephen
Courtright，member of the
research group. The reason is that peer pressure acts as an important social
force. Members don't want to disappoint their teammates，so team spirit is more effective even than money as a motivating
tool. People have a social need to be accepted，to be
regarded as a part of a group and want to perform well.
However, this works only when team members get along. When they
don't, then self- managed teams perform badly. When team members don't care
much for each other, Courtright says team spirit as a motivating factor won't
work. So money becomes the main motivating factor to improve productivity.
The carrot and stick method is that managers offer team members
things in order to persuade them to work and punish them if they refuse. "Teams
perform better when there is pressure from peers to perform well than when
managers wave a carrot and stick," Courtright says. "However, the
carrot and stick method works well when team members just can't get along.
"
24．According to Paragraph 2, members of the self managed teams ________.
A．put great efforts into their work
B．took pride in their teams
C．preferred team work to personal work
D．could advise managers on incomes of their teammates
25．Why can some teams have high functions according to Paragraph 3
A．Their team leaders are professional and strict.
B．Their team members get high money rewards.
C．Their members attach importance to team spirit.
D．Their team members have less work pressure.
26．The key factor for team spirit to work well is that team members ________.
A．are highly educated
B．care for their productivity
C．set clear goals for their work
D．have a good relationship with each other
27．What does the study focus on
A．How to deal with peer pressure at work.
B．How motivators work in jobs.
C．The advantages of self-managed teams.
D．The importance of building team spirit for managers.
三、任务型阅读
28．（2020·日照模拟）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
School Spirit Week can be held any time throughout
the year in America. It is a special time when youthful exuberance (活力) is allowed full expression.
There are spirit band sessions,
spirit assemblies and spirit teams that have one primary goal. That goal is to promote
school tradition and encourage students to recognize their school as an important
part of their life. Some schools will use it as
a kick-off for a charity (慈善) event such as collecting food
for the local food bank.
A Spirit Week program can include many types of supporting
activities. At most events, students like to wear identifying clothing or articles
that show they are a unified group and support their school. Spirit week agendas
often encourage students to wear fun and modern clothes. Monday might be funny hat day,
followed by Tuesday's Hawaiian shirt day and Wednesday's silly T-shirt day. Thursday
could be pajama day, rounded off with Friday's school colors day. Students decorate the walls,
halls and classrooms with banners, posters and other adornments. Spirit Week posters
and banners can reflect the theme of the week, the pride in the school, or show
any other creative support of the school.
Parents love this special week as much as students
and teachers do because parents have a great interest in the success of their children.
A. Spirit Weeks often have a central
theme.
B. Spirit Week is about having
loads of fun at school.
C. They can wear a different one
for each day of the week.
D. The kids aren't the only ones
dressed up for Spirit Week.
E. It makes them very happy to
see the kids enthused about school activities.
F. It is also a time to recognize
athletic teams competing during that season.
G. The main purpose of Spirit Week
is to get the kids supportive of the school.
（2021·辽宁模拟）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
2021 is the Year of the Ox according to Chinese zodiac. In China
you will find various ox figures made of gold, wood, plastic, paper, shell and
stone on sale in stores and on streets to celebrate the return. 29．
Centuries ago, most people earned their living through farming.
For example, the ox was used to help plow, cultivate and carry heavy goods.
Besides, the ox has long had a significant place in Chinese culture. 30． In the Classic of Poetry,
the oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry, the animal was mentioned in
nine out of the 305 pieces.
31． To this day, the phrase "the spirit of ox" still refers
to conquering anything that may present itself as an obstacle. 32． When someone achieves a great accomplishment through hard work,
people often use "niu", meaning "awesome", to describe him
or her.
Oxen seldom bully the weak or fear the strong. 33． This is reflected in a couplet from a poem by Lu Xun (1881—1936):
"Fierce-browed, I coolly defy a thousand pointing fingers; Head bowed,
like a willing ox I serve the children", which fully expresses the poet's
loyalty to the people.
A. They work hard
and make sacrifices.
B. They never seek
to be the center of attention and do not look for praise.
C. The spirit is
highly praised and many people follow it as their work ethic.
D. Ancient Chinese
poets and writers frequently described the ox in literature.
E. But why was the
ox chosen to be one of the 12 Chinese zodiac signs
F. The ox is
considered a symbol of diligence and earnestness (认真) in Chinese culture.
G. Those who were
born in the Year of the Ox are often expected to be hardworking.
四、语法填空
（2024·河南模拟） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is more than six decades since the death of Lei Feng, a young soldier who showed selfless 34． (devote) to duty, and yet the "Lei Feng Spirit" is still alive, 35． (inspire) a new generation of Chinese people.
Ye Zigui, deputy leader of the Lei Feng Squad (班) — the current name of the military unit in 36． the heroic soldier served—is in no doubt that this spirit should 37． (pass) on to the next generation.
This year marks 38． 60th Lei Feng Day, an event aimed at celebrating the life and spirit of this young soldier 39． (annual), who devoted his spare time and money to helping the needy. He died in an accident in 1962 at the age of 22. In 1963, Chairman Mao Zedong called on the nation 40． (learn) from Lei Feng, with posters put on display featuring Lei in his uniform and a cotton hat, 41． he quickly became a public role model with great appeal.
In the Lei Feng Squad, the 42． (importance) role model of Chinese people for generations can be seen everywhere; his statue, his photos and copies of his diary are displayed in the room. On the wall 43． (be) shining red characters that read, "The former squad leader is always with us. "
44．（2021·南昌模拟）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Rarely
has a sports team in China received praise and (admire) as enthusiastically as the
Chinese women's volleyball team. It has a great effect Chinese people from all walks of life.
Director
Peter Chan's film Leap shines a
spotlight on the struggles of several generations of the Chinese team in their
attempts (achieve) glory for their country. Chan
brought out into open the difficulties behind production. For example, the crew
built volleyball training base in Beijing by taking
apart and moving the original (wood) floor from the base in order to
recreate the original atmosphere. "The floor still shows the blood, tear
and sweat (leave) by the
women's volleyball team members back in the 1980s," Chan noted.
"The
people love the Chinese women's volleyball team, not only because they ( win) the championship several
times so far, but also because of the spirit of putting the motherland first
and never giving up," the spirit (praise) by Chinese President Xi
Jinping, greeted Team China at the Great Hall of the
People in Beijing on September 30.
(sure),
that spirit will live on.
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点时事话题专练28精神品格
主要内容
完形填空 作者和一些人在圣诞节前夕外出唱圣诞颂歌
阅读理解 作者参加世界杯的经历，包括亲眼所见的现场情况以及自己的感受
二战期间波兰士兵发现了一只小熊，士兵们收养了它，随后这只小熊跟随士兵们上了前线，为士兵们提供了精神上的慰藉
对某些员工来说，集体归属感比金钱更能激励他们
任务型阅读 美国学校精神周的目的和各种庆祝活动
牛作为十二生肖之一的原因和赞扬牛的精神
语法填空 雷锋精神的传承
陈可辛执导的电影《夺冠》聚焦了几代中国队为实现自己的国家荣耀而进行的斗争
一、完形填空
（2024高三上·重庆市模拟） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
With Christmas approaching, I often reflect upon one particular evening in the early 1960s. Back then, we decided to go carolling (唱圣诞颂歌) to spread the Christmas spirit which might 1． someone else's life. So we needed to take 2． new members, for whom the only 3． was warmth of spirit.
Soon we discovered that carolling brought various 4． . Sometimes we were greeted with open doors and open hearts, while other times, folks remained in the safety and cosiness of their homes, watching 5． through their windows.
One stop on our journey particularly 6． our memory. That night, after a couple of songs, one door swung open. A gentleman, gray haired, tenderly 7． we go upstairs to sing for his bedridden wife. He added 8． , "She loves music and used to be an opera singer."
We stepped briskly upward into the couple's 9． apartment. Books, records, and antique furniture whispered stories to us. I reminded myself not to stare 10． showing disrespect to them.
Sitting beside his wife, the gentleman gave us a 11． . Then our voices rose and lingered around their small home. Had our voices been given extra 12． and beauty for this occasion Perhaps they had.
A smile flickered on the woman's 13． , yet beautiful face. She snuggled her head against her husband's shoulder and both of them heartily enjoyed our performance. Witnessing such a heartwarming scene, we felt it was a holy night, for we were in the 14． of love that was gentle and mild.
At that moment, we found, and maybe even 15． , the Christmas spirit.
1．A． change B． influence C． shape D． brighten.
2．A． on B． in C． over D． up
3．A． requirement B． objective C． reward D． account
4．A． consequences B． comments C． responses D． movements
5．A． awkwardly B． passively C． randomly D． positively
6．A． stuck in B． woke up
C． shot up D． brought out
7．A． commanded B． requested C． proposed D． recommended
8．A． shamefully B． hesitantly C． desirably D． proudly
9．A． unfurnished B． brief C． little D． average
10．A． for the sake of B． for fear of
C． in spite of D． in the hope of
11．A． smile B． nod C． contact D． glance
12．A． seriousness B． energy C． horror D． option
13．A． fancy B． bright C． joyous D． skinny
14．A． presence B． absence C． expectation D． circle
15．A． created B． acquired C． spread D． regained
【答案】1．D；2．B；3．A；4．C；5．B；6．B；7．B；8．D；9．C；10．B；11．B；12．B；13．D；14．A；15．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和一些人在圣诞节前夕外出唱圣诞颂歌。在一户人家，她们被邀请上楼，为一位卧病在床的老太太唱歌，老太太非常高兴。这温暖的一幕让作者她们觉得非常的神圣，让她们觉得又重获圣诞精神。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，介词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
1．句意：当时，我们决定去唱圣诞颂歌，以传播可能照亮他人生活的圣诞精神。A. change"改变"；B. influence"影响"；C. shape"塑造"；D. brighten照亮。根据下文"She snuggled her head against her husband's shoulder and both of them heartily enjoyed our performance. Witnessing such a heartwarming scene, we felt it was a holy night, for we were in the 14 of love that was gentle and mild."可知，作者决定为别人去唱圣诞颂歌，她觉得这能够照亮他们的生活，用圣诞精神温暖他人。故选D。
2．句意：因此，我们迅速吸收了新成员，对他们来说，唯一的特权就是精神上的温暖。A. on"在……上"；B. in"在……里面"；C. over"在……上面"；D. up"在(较高位置)"。根据空后的"new members"；以及上文"we decided to go carolling (唱圣诞颂歌) to spread the Christmas spirit"可知，作者想要去给别人唱圣诞颂歌，所以她首先要吸收新成员。take in固定短语，"吸收"。故选B。
3．句意：因此，我们迅速招募了成员，对他们来说，唯一的要求就是精神上的温暖。A. requirement "要求"；B. objective"目标"；C. reward"奖励"；D. account"账户"。根据空后"was warmth of spirit"可知，这些唱圣诞颂歌的成员唯一的要求就是精神上的温暖。故选A。
4．句意：很快，我们发现颂歌带来了各种各样的反应。A. consequences"后果"；B. comments"评论"；C. responses"回应"；D. movements"运动"。根据下文"Sometimes we were greeted with open doors and open hearts, while other times, folks remained in the safety and coziness of their homes, watching 5 through their windows."可知，别人对于作者他们唱颂歌的回应是不同的。故选C。
5．句意：有时，迎接我们的是敞开的门和敞开的心，而另一些时候，人们则呆在安全舒适的家里，透过窗户被动地看着。A. awkwardly"尴尬地"；B. passively"被动地"；C. randomly"随机地"；D. positively"积极地"。根据空前"folks remained in the safety and coziness of their homes"可知，人们呆在安全舒适的家中，被动地看着窗外。故选B。
6．句意：旅途中的一站尤其唤醒了我们的记忆。A. stuck in"卡在"；B. woke up"唤醒"；C. shot up"迅速上升"；D. brought out"出版，公布"。根据空后的"our memory"可知，一次旅程唤醒了作者的记忆。故选B。
7．句意：一位头发花白的绅士温柔地请求我们上楼为卧床不起的妻子唱歌。A. commanded"命令"；B. requested"请求"；C. proposed"建议"；D. recommended"推荐"。根据空后"we go upstairs to sing for his bedridden wife"可知，一位老人请求作者他们去给她生病的妻子唱颂歌。故选B。
8．句意：他骄傲地补充道："她热爱音乐，曾经是一名歌剧歌手。"A. shamefully"可耻地"；B. hesitantly"犹豫地"；C. desirably"合意地"；D. proudly"骄傲地"。根据下文"She loves music and used to be an opera singer."可知，老人对于妻子年轻时热爱音乐并且是一名歌剧歌手而感到骄傲。可推知，此处指他骄傲地说。故选D。
9．句意：我们轻快地向上走进这对夫妇的小公寓。A. unfurnished"没有家具的"；B. brief"简明的"；C. little"小的"；D. average"平均的"。根据下文"Then our voices rose and lingered around their small home."可知，老人的公寓不大。故选C。
10．句意：我提醒自己不要盯着看，以免对他们表示不尊重。A. for the sake of"为了"；B. for fear of"以免"；C. in spite of"尽管"；D. in the hope of"怀着……的希望"。根据空后" showing disrespect to them "可知，作者觉得不应该盯着他们家看，以免对他们表示不尊重。故选B。
11．句意：坐在妻子身边的那位先生向我们点了点头。A. smile"微笑"；B. nod"点头"；C. contact "联系"；D. glance"一瞥"。根据下文"Then our voices rose and lingered around their small home."可知，老人点头示意作者和同伴开始唱圣诞颂歌。故选B。
12．句意：在这个场合，我们的声音是否被赋予了额外的能量和美感？A. seriousness"严肃"；B. energy"能量"；C. horror"恐怖"；D. option"选项"。根据空后"and beauty"可知，作者觉得在这个能够给人带来温暖的场合，她们的声音似乎也被赋予了额外的能量和美丽。故选B。
13．句意：女人瘦骨嶙峋却美丽的脸上闪烁着一丝微笑。A. fancy"精致的"；B. bright"明亮的"；C. joyous"高兴的"；D. skinny"极瘦的"。根据空后"yet beautiful"可知，本空与下文构成转折，应用形容词skinny。故选D。
14．句意：看到这样温馨的一幕，我们觉得这是一个神圣的夜晚，因为我们在温柔的和温和的爱面前。A. presence"出席"；B. absence"缺席"；C. expectation"期望"；D. circle"圆圈"。根据上文"She snuggled her head against her husband's shoulder and both of them heartily enjoyed our performance. Witnessing such a heartwarming scene, "可知，作者觉得这一晚上非常神圣是因为爱，爱就在他们面前。in the presence of固定短语，"在……面前"。故选A
15．句意：在那一刻，我们发现了，可能重新找回了圣诞精神。A. created"创造"；B. acquired"获得"；C. spread"散布"；D. regained"重新获得"。根据上文"Witnessing such a heartwarming scene, we felt it was a holy night, for we were in the 14 of love that was gentle and mild."可知，作者觉得在这个神圣的夜晚，她们重获了圣诞精神。故选D。
二、阅读理解
（2023高三下·温州模拟）阅读理解
In 1986, I watched my first soccer match on my parents' big box television. I was six, and ever since then, I have dreamed of attending the World Cup.
This year, I traveled to Brazil to make my dream a reality. The first match I attended was between Australia and Spain. Within minutes of walking into the stadium, I found myself surrounded by the excited fans, talking and cheering together. Unlike what one normally sees on the news, this match was mainly peaceful except for one fight. When the fight started, the whole section began chanting(呼喊)with one voice, asking those fighting to stop. When they didn't, the rabble-rousers were sent out by security guards minutes later.
What struck me about the games I attended was the sense of camaraderie. I met soccer fans from different countries. Sometimes we were cheering for the same team and sometimes for opposite teams, but that didn't stop us from becoming friends. The stands were not divided between teams, and the interaction was often spirit-lifting.
I also watched the game in Sao Paulo that ousted(淘汰)Brazil from the World Cup. I was with friends at a large bar which hosted a mix of Brazilian and German supporters. As Germany scored one goal after another, the sadness and even tears were visible on the faces of Brazilians. But German fans came to the Brazilians to comfort them and apologize that the game was ending with such a big gap. Everyone was hoping for a good match.
What I love about the World Cup is that it provides a chance for people to learn about other countries and cultures. People learn about the countries of the teams they support and about their opponents' history and culture. Soccer is a game that not only gives people the chance to learn about each other but also has the potential to unite people.
Sports can be a dividing force, but the true spirit of sports is about unity and fun. The matches at this World Cup have been exactly that so far, and I hope it remains so.
16．What does the underlined word "rabble-rousers" in paragraph 2 refer to
A．The injured players. B．The fighting fans
C．The excited viewers. D．The security guards
17．What impressed the author most about the games that he attended
A．The chanting fans. B．The peaceful atmosphere.
C．The warm friendship. D．The players' performance.
18．Why did the author mention his bar experience
A．To present a fact. B．To illustrate a point.
C．To solve a problem. D．To make a comparison.
19．What is mainly conveyed in the passage
A．Fans' support counts in sports. B．The World Cup is worth attending.
C．Sports bring the world together. D．Sports are about cultural exchange.
【答案】16．B
17．C
18．B
19．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议，讲述了作者参加世界杯的经历，包括亲眼所见的现场情况以及自己的感受，通过这些经历来说明体育运动可以团结人们，避免文化差异产生的隔阂，达到文化交流的效果。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
16．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"Unlike what one normally sees on the news, this match was mainly peaceful except for one fight. ”与新闻上通常看到的不同，这场比赛主要是和平的，除了一场斗殴；以及"When the fight started, the whole section began chanting(呼喊)with one voice, asking those fighting to stop.”打架开始时，整个看台开始异口同声地高呼，要求斗殴者停止；结合划线句子"When they didn't, the rabble-rousers were sent out by security guards minutes later. ”当他们没有这样做时，……在几分钟后被保安人员送出去。可知，观众呼喊打架停止，打架者没有听，被保安带了出去，因此推测rabble-rousers的意思为打架的粉丝，故选B。
17．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"What struck me about the games I attended was the sense of camaraderie. I met soccer fans from different countries. Sometimes we were cheering for the same team and sometimes for opposite teams, but that didn't stop us from becoming friends.”我参加的比赛让我印象深刻的是友情。我遇到了来自不同国家的足球迷。有时我们为同一支球队欢呼，有时为对立的球队欢呼，但这并没有阻止我们成为朋友。可知，让作者印象深刻的是热情的友谊。故选C。
18．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"I was with friends at a large bar which hosted a mix of Brazilian and German supporters. As Germany scored one goal after another, the sadness and even tears were visible on the faces of Brazilians. But German fans came to the Brazilians to comfort them and apologize that the game was ending with such a big gap. Everyone was hoping for a good match. ”我和朋友在一个大酒吧，那里有巴西和德国的支持者。当德国队一个接一个地进球时，巴西人脸上可以看到悲伤甚至泪水。但德国球迷来到巴西人面前安慰他们，并为比赛以如此大的差距结束而道歉。每个人都希望有一场精彩的比赛；以及第五段中的"What I love about the World Cup is that it provides a chance for people to learn about other countries and cultures.”我喜欢世界杯的原因是它为人们提供了一个了解其他国家和文化的机会。可知，作者提到自己酒吧的经历是为了说明一点，即运动可以团结不同国家和文化背景的人们。故选B。
19．考查推理判断。文章主要介绍了作者在巴西参加世界杯的经历，以及体育运动有可能让来自不同国家和文化背景的人团结在一起。根据第五段中的"People learn about the countries of the teams they support and about their opponents' history and culture. Soccer is a game that not only gives people the chance to learn about each other but also has the potential to unite people.”人们了解他们支持的球队的国家以及对手的历史和文化。足球是一项不仅让人们有机会相互了解，而且还有可能团结人们的游戏；以及第六段"Sports can be a dividing force, but the true spirit of sports is about unity and fun. The matches at this World Cup have been exactly that so far, and I hope it remains so. ”体育可以是一种分开的力量，但真正的体育精神是团结和乐趣。到目前为止，本届世界杯的比赛就是这样，我希望它能继续保持下去；再结合作者分享了来自不同团队的球迷之间的和睦互动及合作，强调了体育运动可以促进文化交流，让人们了解其他国家和文化，可推断，文章揭示了体育运动尽管偶尔会出现冲突，但最主要的还是将全世界人民团结在一起，促进文化交流与理解。故选C。
（2024高三上·涵江模拟） 阅读理解
Young soldiers, far away from home and missing their families, discover a bear cub. That's how the story of Wojtek begins, back in
1942. He was alone in the mountains of Iran; nobody knows how he got there.
When the exhausted Polish soldiers came upon Wojtek, they were immediately struck with emotions. They had been away from their loved ones for a long time. They needed something to pick their spirits up. So, they nursed the baby bear with milk from a bottle and named him Wojtek, which means: a warrior to whom fighting brings joy.
Wojtek was officially adopted into the army. He traveled with the army to the Middle East, providing comradery and entertainment. He would wrestle with the men, chase after oranges they cast for him and follow them about like a puppy. He became their connection to humanity in a time when the light of peace seemed so far away. And, like a child, he was also playful. In the desert heat, he learned how to break into the showers and turn on the water. He could also be seen pulling trunks of empty gun shells with the men or standing at attention in formation. Wojtek was also the chief frightener of new members: He would literally bear hug them and hold them upside down for a good laugh.
Getting through the hardship of war takes something extraordinary, something unexpectedly dangerous to preserve your mental state. That's what Wojtek did for the men who had been so long in the fog and uncertainty of World War II. A playful bear became the symbol of strength and adaptability. Thankfully, wars ended but Wojtek was not forgotten. He was shipped with a group of men to a farm in Scotland, which was a fitting place to retire for a bear with so much military experience. Wojtek was a local celebrity. Stories of him kicking a soccer ball, attending local dances and parties, and enjoying jam and honey are still told today. And to everyone who knew him, Wojtek was the one that made a difficult time a little more bearable.
20．How did the Polish soldiers react after they found the bear
A．They were hit by the bear.
B．They accepted him and fed him.
C．They called Wojtek names.
D．They brought joy to him like warriors.
21．What did Wojtek do in the army
A．He would run after and eat up the oranges thrown by the soldiers.
B．He could pull branches with the soldiers to the army camp.
C．He would stand and listen attentively for information.
D．He would play tricks on those newly-joined soldiers.
22．What happened to Wojtek after World War II
A．He became famous and brought joy to the locals in a farm in Scotland.
B．He settled down with the Polish army in a farm in Scotland.
C．He enjoyed his life in another army in a farm in Scotland.
D．He was shipped to his hometown with the help of the Polish soldiers.
23．What is the best title of the passage
A．Wojtek: The Wild Warrior in the Desert Storm
B．Wojtek: From the Frontlines to a Hairy Friend
C．A Lifelong Bear Friend with the Scottish Locals
D．Bearing Witness: The Remarkable Tale of the Polish Army
【答案】20．B
21．D
22．A
23．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了二战期间波兰士兵发现了一只小熊，士兵们收养了它，随后这只小熊跟随士兵们上了前线，为士兵们提供了精神上的慰藉。二战结束后，士兵们把这只叫做Wojtek的熊送到了苏格兰的一个农场去养老，同时，它也给当地的人们带去了欢乐。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和标题归纳两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
20．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"So, they nursed the baby bear with milk from a bottle and named him Wojtek, which means: a warrior to whom fighting brings joy. "于是，他们用奶瓶里的奶喂养了这只小熊，并给它起名叫Wojtek，意思是"一个以战斗为乐的战士"可知，波兰士兵发现小熊后，接受了它并开始喂养它。故选B。
21．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Wojtek was also the chief frightener of new members: He would literally bear hug them and hold them upside down for a good laugh."Wojtek也是新成员最害怕的人：他真的会拥抱他们，并把他们倒立起来，让他们开怀大笑。可知，Wojtek会捉弄那些新入伍的士兵。故选D。
22．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Wojtek was a local celebrity. Stories of him kicking a soccer ball, attending local dances and parties, and enjoying jam and honey are still told today. And to everyone who knew him, Wojtek was the one that made a difficult time a little more bearable."Wojtek是当地的名人。他踢足球、参加当地舞会和派对、享用果酱和蜂蜜的故事至今仍在流传。对于所有认识他的人来说，Wojtek让那个艰难的时刻变得更容易忍受。可知，二战结束后，Wojtek在当地非常有名，给苏格兰一个当地农场的人们带来了欢乐。故选A。
23．考查标题归纳。根据第一段中的"Young soldiers, far away from home and missing their families, discover a bear cub. That's how the story of Wojtek begins, back in 1942. "远离家乡、想念家人的年轻士兵发现了一只小熊。1942 年，Wojtek的故事就这样开始了；以及最后一段中的" He was shipped with a group of men to a farm in Scotland, which was a fitting place to retire for a bear with so much military experience. Wojtek was a local celebrity. Stories of him kicking a soccer ball, attending local dances and parties, and enjoying jam and honey are still told today. And to everyone who knew him, Wojtek was the one that made a difficult time a little more bearable."他和一群人一起被运到苏格兰的一个农场，对于一只有这么多军事经验的熊来说，那里是一个适合退休的地方。沃伊泰克是当地的名人。他踢足球、参加当地舞会和聚会、享用果酱和蜂蜜的故事至今仍在流传。对所有认识他的人来说，沃伊泰克是那个让艰难时刻变得更容易忍受的人。可知，文章主要讲述了小熊Wojtek在战时被士兵收养，他在战场上给士兵们带去了慰藉。战争结束后，他被送到苏格兰的农场养老，给当地的人们带去了欢乐。"Wojtek：从前线到成为毛茸茸的朋友"适合作本文的标题。故选B。
（2021·聊城模拟）阅读理解
A sense of belonging to a group of co-workers is a better
motivator for some employees than money，according to a study by University of lowa researchers. "We
find that some self-managed teams show increased performance, when their
members work together well," says Greg Stewart, the lead professor in the
study.
At the beginning，Stewart's group studied how managers of self-managed teams decided
payment. They studied 587 workers in 45 self-managed teams in Iowa. The members
were allowed to give suggestions on how much their teammates should be paid for
their work. The managers collected their ideas and then made decisions. The
members were asked about how much their team spirit attracted them，and managers were asked about the productivity of both individuals
and teams.
"In high functioning teams the group members work actively
with each other, and they encourage and support each other, " says Stephen
Courtright，member of the
research group. The reason is that peer pressure acts as an important social
force. Members don't want to disappoint their teammates，so team spirit is more effective even than money as a motivating
tool. People have a social need to be accepted，to be
regarded as a part of a group and want to perform well.
However, this works only when team members get along. When they
don't, then self- managed teams perform badly. When team members don't care
much for each other, Courtright says team spirit as a motivating factor won't
work. So money becomes the main motivating factor to improve productivity.
The carrot and stick method is that managers offer team members
things in order to persuade them to work and punish them if they refuse. "Teams
perform better when there is pressure from peers to perform well than when
managers wave a carrot and stick," Courtright says. "However, the
carrot and stick method works well when team members just can't get along.
"
24．According to Paragraph 2, members of the self managed teams ________.
A．put great efforts into their work
B．took pride in their teams
C．preferred team work to personal work
D．could advise managers on incomes of their teammates
25．Why can some teams have high functions according to Paragraph 3
A．Their team leaders are professional and strict.
B．Their team members get high money rewards.
C．Their members attach importance to team spirit.
D．Their team members have less work pressure.
26．The key factor for team spirit to work well is that team members ________.
A．are highly educated
B．care for their productivity
C．set clear goals for their work
D．have a good relationship with each other
27．What does the study focus on
A．How to deal with peer pressure at work.
B．How motivators work in jobs.
C．The advantages of self-managed teams.
D．The importance of building team spirit for managers.
【答案】24．D
25．C
26．D
27．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，对某些员工来说，集体归属感比金钱更能激励他们。这项研究主要关注激励因素在工作中的作用。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
24．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The members were allowed to give suggestions on how much their teammates should be paid for their work. The managers collected their ideas and then made decisions. ”成员们可以就队友的工作报酬提出建议。经理们收集他们的想法，然后做决定。可知，自我管理团队的成员可以就其队友的收入向经理提出建议。故选D。
25．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“In high functioning teams the group members work actively with each other, and they encourage and support each other”在高效能团队中，团队成员积极地相互协作，互相鼓励和支持；以及“Members don't want to disappoint their teammates，so team spirit is more effective even than money as a motivating tool. ”成员不想让他们的队友失望，所以团队精神甚至比金钱作为激励工具更有效。可知，有些团队的效能很高是因为他们的成员重视团队精神。故选C。
26．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“However, this works only when team members get along. ”然而，这只有在团队成员相处融洽时才有效。可知，团队精神发挥作用的关键因素是团队成员之间有良好的关系。故选D。
27．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“A sense of belonging to a group of co-workers is a better motivator for some employees than money”对某些员工来说，集体归属感比金钱更能激励他们；第三段中的“Members don't want to disappoint their teammates，so team spirit is more effective even than money as a motivating tool. ”成员不想让他们的队友失望，所以团队精神甚至比金钱作为激励工具更有效；第四段中的“However, this works only when team members get along. ”然而，这只有在团队成员相处融洽时才有效；以及“So money becomes the main motivating factor to improve productivity. ”因此，金钱成为提高生产力的主要激励因素。可知，这个研究主要关注激励因素在工作中的作用。故选B。
三、任务型阅读
28．（2020·日照模拟）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
School Spirit Week can be held any time throughout
the year in America. It is a special time when youthful exuberance (活力) is allowed full expression.
There are spirit band sessions,
spirit assemblies and spirit teams that have one primary goal. That goal is to promote
school tradition and encourage students to recognize their school as an important
part of their life. Some schools will use it as
a kick-off for a charity (慈善) event such as collecting food
for the local food bank.
A Spirit Week program can include many types of supporting
activities. At most events, students like to wear identifying clothing or articles
that show they are a unified group and support their school. Spirit week agendas
often encourage students to wear fun and modern clothes. Monday might be funny hat day,
followed by Tuesday's Hawaiian shirt day and Wednesday's silly T-shirt day. Thursday
could be pajama day, rounded off with Friday's school colors day. Students decorate the walls,
halls and classrooms with banners, posters and other adornments. Spirit Week posters
and banners can reflect the theme of the week, the pride in the school, or show
any other creative support of the school.
Parents love this special week as much as students
and teachers do because parents have a great interest in the success of their children.
A. Spirit Weeks often have a central
theme.
B. Spirit Week is about having
loads of fun at school.
C. They can wear a different one
for each day of the week.
D. The kids aren't the only ones
dressed up for Spirit Week.
E. It makes them very happy to
see the kids enthused about school activities.
F. It is also a time to recognize
athletic teams competing during that season.
G. The main purpose of Spirit Week
is to get the kids supportive of the school.
【答案】G；F；C；D；E
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国学校精神周的目的和各种庆祝活动。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“have one primary goal”和“That goal is to…”可知，此段说的是学校精神周的目的。G. The main purpose of Spirit Week is to get the kids supportive of the school.“精神周的主要目的是让孩子们支持学校。”符合语境，故选G 。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。此段是说明精神周的目的。F. It is also a time to recognize athletic teams competing during that season.“这也是确认在那个赛季中参加比赛的运动队时候。”，也是说明精神周的目的之一，其中it 指代Spirit Week，also表示递进关系。故选F。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。此段谈论的是精神周的各种活动。根据空前“At most events, students like to wear identifying clothing or articles that show they are a unified group and support their school. ”学生通过穿识别性的服装表示对学校的支持；以及空后“Monday …Tuesday's Hawaiian shirt day…Wednesday's silly T-shirt day. Thursday… Friday's school colors day”可知， 学生一周中每天着装不一样。C. They can wear a different one for each day of the week.“他们一周中的每一天都可以穿不同的。”承上启下，符合语境，故选C 。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Students decorate the walls, halls and classrooms with banners, posters and other adornments.”学生用横幅、海报和其他装饰品装饰墙壁、大厅和教室。可知D. The kids aren't the only ones dressed up for Spirit Week.“ 孩子们不是唯一为精神周打扮的人”符合语境，故选D。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ Parents love this special week as much as students and teachers do because parents have a great interest in the success of their children.因为父母也喜欢精神周”，可知E. It makes them very happy to see the kids enthused about school activities.“看到孩子们对学校活动充满热情，他们非常高兴。”说明父母喜欢精神周的原因。故选E。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
（2021·辽宁模拟）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
2021 is the Year of the Ox according to Chinese zodiac. In China
you will find various ox figures made of gold, wood, plastic, paper, shell and
stone on sale in stores and on streets to celebrate the return. 29．
Centuries ago, most people earned their living through farming.
For example, the ox was used to help plow, cultivate and carry heavy goods.
Besides, the ox has long had a significant place in Chinese culture. 30． In the Classic of Poetry,
the oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry, the animal was mentioned in
nine out of the 305 pieces.
31． To this day, the phrase "the spirit of ox" still refers
to conquering anything that may present itself as an obstacle. 32． When someone achieves a great accomplishment through hard work,
people often use "niu", meaning "awesome", to describe him
or her.
Oxen seldom bully the weak or fear the strong. 33． This is reflected in a couplet from a poem by Lu Xun (1881—1936):
"Fierce-browed, I coolly defy a thousand pointing fingers; Head bowed,
like a willing ox I serve the children", which fully expresses the poet's
loyalty to the people.
A. They work hard
and make sacrifices.
B. They never seek
to be the center of attention and do not look for praise.
C. The spirit is
highly praised and many people follow it as their work ethic.
D. Ancient Chinese
poets and writers frequently described the ox in literature.
E. But why was the
ox chosen to be one of the 12 Chinese zodiac signs
F. The ox is
considered a symbol of diligence and earnestness (认真) in Chinese culture.
G. Those who were
born in the Year of the Ox are often expected to be hardworking.
【答案】29．E；30．D；31．F；32．C；33．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了牛作为十二生肖之一的原因和赞扬牛的精神。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇文化类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
29．根据空后"For example, the ox was used to help plow, cultivate and carry heavy goods. Besides, the ox has long had a significant place in Chinese culture.”例如，牛被用来帮助犁地、耕种和搬运重物。此外，牛在中国文化中一直占有重要地位。可知，下文主要讲述牛的重要性，牛作为十二生肖之一的原因。E. But why was the ox chosen to be one of the 12 Chinese zodiac signs “但是为什么牛被选为中国十二生肖之一呢 ”符合语境，故选E。
30．根据空后"In the Classic of Poetry, the oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry, the animal was mentioned in nine out of the 305 pieces.”在现存最古老的中国诗歌选集《诗经》中，305首诗中有9首提到了这种动物。可知，牛常常在文学作品中出现。D. Ancient Chinese poets and writers frequently described the ox in literature.“中国古代诗人和作家经常在文学作品中描述牛。”符合语境，故选D。
31．根据空后"To this day, the phrase ‘the spirit of ox' still refers to conquering anything that may present itself as an obstacle.”直到今天，短语"牛的精神"仍然指的是征服任何可能出现的障碍。可知，牛是勤劳踏实的象征。F. The ox is considered a symbol of diligence and earnestness (认真) in Chinese culture.“在中国文化中，牛被认为是勤奋和认真的象征。”符合题意，故选F。
32．根据空后"When someone achieves a great accomplishment through hard work, people often use ‘niu', meaning‘awesome'， to describe him or her.”当某人通过努力工作取得了巨大的成就，人们经常用"牛"，意思是"令人敬畏的"，来描述他或她。可知，牛这种精神可以用来形容人所做出的成就。C. The spirit is highly praised and many people follow it as their work ethic.“这种精神受到高度赞扬，许多人把它作为自己的职业道德。”符合语境，故选C。
33．根据空后"This is reflected in a couplet from a poem by Lu Xun (1881—1936): "Fierce-browed, I coolly defy a thousand pointing fingers; Head bowed, like a willing ox I serve the children", which fully expresses the poet's loyalty to the people.”这也反映在鲁迅(1881-1936)的一篇诗作中:"横眉冷对千夫指，俯首甘为孺子牛"，充分表达了诗人对人民的忠诚。可知，这里是表达牛有牺牲精神。A. They work hard and make sacrifices.“它们努力工作，做出牺牲。”符合语境，故选A。
四、语法填空
（2024·河南模拟） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is more than six decades since the death of Lei Feng, a young soldier who showed selfless 34． (devote) to duty, and yet the "Lei Feng Spirit" is still alive, 35． (inspire) a new generation of Chinese people.
Ye Zigui, deputy leader of the Lei Feng Squad (班) — the current name of the military unit in 36． the heroic soldier served—is in no doubt that this spirit should 37． (pass) on to the next generation.
This year marks 38． 60th Lei Feng Day, an event aimed at celebrating the life and spirit of this young soldier 39． (annual), who devoted his spare time and money to helping the needy. He died in an accident in 1962 at the age of 22. In 1963, Chairman Mao Zedong called on the nation 40． (learn) from Lei Feng, with posters put on display featuring Lei in his uniform and a cotton hat, 41． he quickly became a public role model with great appeal.
In the Lei Feng Squad, the 42． (importance) role model of Chinese people for generations can be seen everywhere; his statue, his photos and copies of his diary are displayed in the room. On the wall 43． (be) shining red characters that read, "The former squad leader is always with us. "
【答案】34．devotion；35．inspiring；36．which；37．be passed；38．the；39．annually；40．to learn；41．and；42．important；43．are
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了雷锋精神的传承。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及名词，非谓语动词，定语从句，语态，冠词，副词，连词，形容词，时态，主谓一致以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
34．句意：雷锋是一名无私奉献的青年军人，他去世已经60多年了，但"雷锋精神"仍然存在，激励着新一代中国人。根据前文who showed可知，此处应用其名词devotion作宾语，不可数。故填devotion。
35．句意：雷锋是一名无私奉献的青年军人，他去世已经60多年了，但"雷锋精神"仍然存在，激励着新一代中国人。动词inspire和主语之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填inspiring。
36．句意：叶子贵，雷锋队副队长认为，毫无疑问，这种精神应该传递给下一代，雷锋队是这位英勇战士所在部队的现名。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the military unit，指代事物，在介词in后作宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
37．句意：叶子贵，雷锋队副队长认为，毫无疑问，这种精神应该传递给下一代，雷锋队是这位英勇战士所在部队的现名。在同位语从句中动词pass和主语this spirit之间是被动关系，故用其被动结构和should构成含情态动词的被动语态。故填be passed。
38．句意：今年是第60个雷锋日，一年一度的庆祝活动旨在纪念这位年轻士兵的生活和精神，他把业余时间和金钱都用于帮助有需要的人。序数词60th前应用定冠词。故填the。
39．句意：今年是第60个雷锋日，一年一度的庆祝活动旨在纪念这位年轻士兵的生活和精神，他把业余时间和金钱都用于帮助有需要的人。修饰动词celebrating应用副词。故填annually。
40．句意：1963年，毛泽东主席号召全国人民向雷锋学习，张贴了身穿军装、头戴棉帽的雷锋宣传画，并使他迅速成为具有号召力的公众楷模。call on sb to do sth固定短语，"号召某人干某事"不定式作宾补。故填to learn。
41．句意：1963年，毛泽东主席号召全国人民向雷锋学习，张贴了身穿军装、头戴棉帽的雷锋宣传画，并使他迅速成为具有号召力的公众楷模。he quickly became a public role model with great appeal和前文是并列关系。故填and。
42．句意：在雷锋队，随处可见中国人民几代人的重要榜样；他的雕像，他的照片和他的日记副本陈列在房间里。修饰名词短语role model应用形容词。故填important。
43．句意：墙上写着"前任班长永远和我们在一起"的红色大字。本句为倒装句，主语characters是复数，且描述现状，用一般现在时。主谓一致，故填are。
44．（2021·南昌模拟）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Rarely
has a sports team in China received praise and (admire) as enthusiastically as the
Chinese women's volleyball team. It has a great effect Chinese people from all walks of life.
Director
Peter Chan's film Leap shines a
spotlight on the struggles of several generations of the Chinese team in their
attempts (achieve) glory for their country. Chan
brought out into open the difficulties behind production. For example, the crew
built volleyball training base in Beijing by taking
apart and moving the original (wood) floor from the base in order to
recreate the original atmosphere. "The floor still shows the blood, tear
and sweat (leave) by the
women's volleyball team members back in the 1980s," Chan noted.
"The
people love the Chinese women's volleyball team, not only because they ( win) the championship several
times so far, but also because of the spirit of putting the motherland first
and never giving up," the spirit (praise) by Chinese President Xi
Jinping, greeted Team China at the Great Hall of the
People in Beijing on September 30.
(sure),
that spirit will live on.
【答案】admiration；on；to achieve；a；wooden；left；have won；was praised；who；Surely
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了陈可辛执导的电影《夺冠》聚焦了几代中国队为实现自己的国家荣耀而进行的斗争。她们把祖国放在首位，永不放弃的的奉献精神深受人民喜爱以及国家主席的赞扬。
（1）句意：在中国很少有一支运动队像中国女排一样受到热烈的称赞和赞赏。received praise and____，and连接两个并列名词作宾语，表抽象意义，不可数，故填admiration。
（2）句意：它对各行各业的中国人都有很大的影响。have a great effect on sb/sth固定短语，“对……有很大的影响”，故填on。
（3）句意：陈可辛执导的电影《夺冠》聚焦了几代中国队为实现自己的国家荣耀而进行的斗争。attempts后常接不定式作后置定语。故填to achieve。
（4）句意：例如，工作人员在北京建立了一个排球训练基地，将地上的原始木地板拆开并移开，以恢复原始的训练氛围。根据句意build____ volleyball training base可知，此处泛指“一个基地”，volleyball 的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
（5）句意：例如，工作人员在北京建立了一个排球训练基地，将地上的原始木地板拆开并移开，以恢复原始的训练氛围。由句子可知，形容词修饰floor，wooden“木制的”。故填wooden。
（6）句意：Chan说：“地板上仍然显示了1980年女排队员留下的血，泪和汗水。” the blood, tear and sweat与动词leave形成动宾关系，所以用过去分词表被动，作后置定语。故填left。
（7）句意：“人民爱中国女排，不仅因为她们迄今为止多次夺得冠军而且因为她们把祖国放在首位，永不放弃的精神，”中国国家主席习近平赞扬了这种精神。根据时间状语so far，可知是现在完成时。故填have won。
（8）句意：“人民爱中国女排，不仅因为他们迄今为止多次夺得冠军而且因为她们把祖国放在首位，永不放弃的精神，”中国国家主席习近平赞扬了这种精神。主语the spirit和动词praise之间是被动关系，greeted 表明用一般过去时。故填was praised。
（9）句意：“人民爱中国女排，不仅因为他们迄今为止多次夺得冠军而且因为她们把祖国放在首位，永不放弃的精神，”中国国家主席习近平赞扬了这种精神。9月30日他在北京人民大会堂迎接了中国女排。可以肯定的是，这种精神将永存。结合句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语，修饰先行词Chinese President Xi Jinping，故填who。
（10）根据句子可知，修饰整个句子用副词，故填Surely。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及名词，介词，非谓语动词，冠词，形容词，时态，语态，定语从句以及副词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
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