2024届高考英语高频考点：副词，形容词，名词规则（附十年真题练习）（含答案）

高考高频考点：副词，形容词，名词规则（附十年真题练习）
一 形容词变副词
情况 变化规则 示例
一般情况 直接加-ly sharp→sharply; particular→particularly; extreme→extremely; poor→poorly; recent→recently; fair→fairly; certain→certainly; regular→regularly;slow→slowly;sudden→suddenly; huge→hugely; rare→rarely
以-y结尾的单词 变y为i, 再加-ly easy→easily; angry→angrily; necessary→necessarily; clumsy→clumsily(注意：y的读音同“ai”，直接加-ly，如：shy→shyly)
以le结尾的单词 去e,再加-y gentle→gently; terrible→terribly; comfortable→comfortably(特殊情况：whole→wholly)
以-ue结尾的单词 去e,再加-ly true→truly
以-ic结尾的单词 加-ally basic→basically; scientific→scientificallyspecific→specifically (特殊情况：public→publicly)
以-ll结尾的单词 只加-y full→fully; dull→dully
真题演练：
（2023新高考1）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ________(rare) enough, yet two seem greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
（2023新高考2）________(basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
（2023浙江1月）The term “hutong”, __________(original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
（2022新高考1）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve the connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and ________(eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
（2022新高考2）When he looked down, he _________(accidental) slipped and fell over the edge.
（2022浙江1月）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, ___________(rough) 200 academics---many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
（2021新高考1）It will ____________(undoubted) help you get refreshed.
（2021北京卷）Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could _______(safe) wait for the police to take her home.
（2021浙江1月） But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed__________(sharp).
（2020全国1卷）Landing on the moon’s far side is ________(extreme) challenging.
（2020全国2卷）__________(certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
（2020全国3卷）As the small boat moved ________(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
（2019全国1卷）It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as mush of the range has been ________(poor) studied.
（2019全国2卷）Her years of hard work have_______(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated her to be Cheshire’s Woman of The Year.
（2019全国3卷）They also shared with us many traditional stories about Hawaii that were _______(huge) popular with tourists.
（2019浙江卷）When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can _________(easy) see them.
（2018全国2卷）A taste for meat is ________(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
（2018浙江11月）_________(recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks.
（2017全国2卷）Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been _______(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
（2017全国3卷）It is _________(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
（2017浙江11月）You need to ________(real) read at least one good book a week, preferably a classic.
（2016全国1卷）The title will be _________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
（2016全国2卷）Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks _________(regular).
（2016全国3卷）Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which _________(gradual) turned into chopsticks.
（2015全国1卷）Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it _________(regular) arranges quick getaways for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
（2015全国2卷）Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat ________(slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.
27.（2014全国1卷）The river was so polluted that it ________(actual) caught fire and burned.
28.（2014全国2卷）Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done,and the crowd of strangers _________(sudden) became friendly to one another.
答案：1.rarely 2.Basically 3.originally 4.eventually 5.accidentally 6.roughly 7.undoubtedly 8.safely 9.sharply 10.extremely 11.certainly 12.gently 13.poorly 14.finally 15.hugely 16.easily 17.actually 18.Recently 19.fairly 20.certainly 21.really 22.officially 23.regularly 24.gradually 25.regularly 26.slowly 27.actually 28.suddenly
二 常考形容词后缀
形容词后缀 用法 示例
-al 表示“属于...的， 具有...性质的” globe→global; option→optional; tradition→traditional; nature→natural; person→personal; music→musical; origin→original
-ful 用于名词或动词后，表示“富有...的，充满...的，有...性质的” beauty→beautiful；wonder→wonderful；care→careful；success →successful；meaning→meaningful；pain→painful；peace→peaceful；power→powerful；faith→faithful
-ing 用于动词后，表示“令/使人...的”或“...的”或“正在...的” 令人...的：amaze→amazing; convince→convincing; encourage→encouraging; inspire→inspiring; freeze→freezing...的：care→caring; shine→shining/shiny; exist→existing; visit→visiting正在...的：fall→falling
-ed 用于动词后，表示“具有...特征的”或“被...的”或“感到...的” 有...的：sight→sighted；qualify→qualified; fail→failed; advance→advanced被...的：import→imported; intend→intended; build→built已经...的：fall→fallen; boil→boiled; retire→retired感到...的：please→pleased; move→moved; excite→excited; disappoint→disappointed
-ble(-able/-ible) 表示“可/能...的，具有...性质的” remark→remarkable; value→valuable; afford→affordable; knowledge→knowledgeable；reason→reasonable; comfort→comfortable; access→accessible
-y 表示“充满...的，有...倾向的，似...地” wealth→wealthy；fog→foggy；guilt→guilty;noise→noisy; taste→tasty；smell→smelly; luck→lucky; ice→icy; juice→juicy; word→wordy
-ive 表示“有…性质的，有…倾向的” Impress→impressive; effect→effective; create→creative
-ous 表示“有...性质的，充满...的” anxiety→anxious; humor→humorous; continue→continuous; courage→courageous; variety→various; curiosity→curious
-ly 表示“具有……性质或特点的，每隔……时间的” friend→friendly; dead→deadly; live→lively; love→lovely; day→daily; week→weekly; month→monthly
-ic 表示“与……有关的” history→historic; symbol→symbolic; system→systematic; hero→heroic
-en 表示“由……制成(或构成)的，像……一样的” wood→wooden; wool→woollen; gold→golden
真题演练：
（2023全国甲卷）__________(difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
（2023全国乙卷）The _________(remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here.
（2023新高考1）Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, _________(taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
（2023新高考1）Shanghai may be the _________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace.
（2023新高考2）Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and __________(confidence) speaking English.
（2023新高考2）They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ________(visit) Chinese zookeepers who often came to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
（2023浙江1月）The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by __________(space) homes and walled gardens.
（2022全国甲卷）Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more _________(meaning).
（2022全国乙卷）It can help to build a community with a ________(share) future for mankind.
（2022新高考2）When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony, Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the _________(fall) child.
（2022新高考2）They both fell ________(sleep) while watching TV.
（2022浙江6月）Blind people recognize shapes with their ________(exist) senses, in a way similar to that of __________(sight) people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
（2021全国甲卷）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their_________(day) routines.
（2021全国乙卷）Provide __________(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
（2021新高考1）But that’s how nature is --- always leaving us ________(astonish).
（2021新高考1）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ________(ache) legs.
（2021新高考2）I told him how ________(harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
（2021新高考2）I was so _________(excite) when he wrote back to me.
（2020全国2卷）Branches of Plum Blossoms: The ________(beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds make fantastic decorations.
（2020北京卷）Oliver says if you’re _________(luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them if you can join in when it’s possible.
（2020海南卷）At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop _________(education) computer programs for children in preschool.
（2020山东卷）In the 18th and 19th centuries, _________(wealth) people traveled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.
（2019全国2卷）We are so proud of her. It’s _________(wonder).
（2019全国3卷）They also shared with us many ________(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.
（2019浙江卷）School uniforms are ________(tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
（2019北京卷）It’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ________(meaning) college experience.
（2018全国1卷）Running is cheap, easy and it’s always _________(energy).
（2018全国2卷）According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ________(globe) fertilizer consumption.
（2018全国3卷）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel _________(challenge).
（2018浙江卷）The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be ________(afford) but doing this most days adds up.
（2017全国1卷）However, be _________(care) not to go to extremes.
（2017全国2卷）The Central London Railway was one of the most _________(success) of theses new lines, and was opened in 1900.
（2017浙江11月）One of the _________(effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books.
（2017浙江卷）But something made her look closer, and she noticed a __________(shine) object.
（2015全国2卷）As ________(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
（2014全国1卷）While there are _________(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.
（2014全国1卷）Just be _______(patience).
38.（2014全国2卷）There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and _________(disappoint).
答案：1.Different 2.remarkable 3.tasty 4.recognized 5.confident 6.visiting 7.spacious 8.meaningful 9.shared 10.falling 11.asleep 12.existing; sighted 13.daily 14.financial 15.astonished 16.aching 17.harmful 18.excited 19.beautiful 20.lucky 21.educational 22.wealthy 23.wonderful 24.traditional 25.traditional 26.meaningful 27.energetic 28.global 29.challenged 30.affordable 31.careful 32.successful 33.effective 34.shiny/shining 35.natural 36.amazing 37.patient 38.disappointed
三 常考名词后缀
后缀 意义 示例
-ion, -sion, -tion 表示行为或状态 accuse→accusation; construct→construction; connect→connection; 　invite→invitation; discuss→discussion; decide→decision; innovate→innovation（难点：explain→explanation; describe→description; admit→admission)
-ment 表示行为或结果 commit→commitment; achieve→achievement; develop→development; require→requirement; agree→agreement; punish→punishment; judge→judgment; treat→treatment
-ness 表示状态，性质，或结果 rich→richness; aware→awareness; kind→kindness; weak→weakness; lonely→loneliness
-cy 表示性质或状态 private→privacy; accurate→accuracy; pregnant→pregnancy
-ity, -ty 表示状态或行为 able→ability; responsible→responsibility; stable→stability; anxious→anxiety; loyal→loyalty; real→reality
-ence, -ance, -ancy, -ency 表示性质、状况、行为或程度 perform→performance; appear→appearance; guide→guidance; prefer→preference; convenient→convenience; silent→silence; expect→expectancy
-th 表示结果、过程、性质、状态 warm→warmth; deep→depth;true→truth; strong→strength
-ive, -ative 表示能做某事的人或物 represent→representative; detect→detective
-ure 表示行为、状态或结果 press→pressure; mix→mixture; expose→exposure
-al 表示行为或状态 arrive→arrival; propose→proposal
-age 表示状态 short→shortage; marry→marriage; cover→coverage
-dom 表示地位、状态 free→freedom; bored→boredom; wise→wisdom
-ism 表示制度，主义，行为，学说，信仰 criticize→criticism; social→socialism; hero→heroism
-ship 表示某种职业，身份或状态 leader→leadership; friend→friendship; owner→ownership; member→membership
真题演练：
（2024浙江首考）Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the _______ (criticize) that they lead to waste.
（2023全国甲卷）However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty _________(warn) about environmental destruction.
（2023新高考2）Since June 2017, right before the ________(arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
（2022全国甲卷）Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental __________(protect).
（2022全国乙卷）As a main promoter of the international Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a _________(responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
（2022浙江6月）John Olson, a former_________(photograph) and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models.
（2022浙江6月）For Luc, this means ___________(independent).
（2022浙江1月）When the answer was no, she declined the ___________(invite).
（2021全国乙卷）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas --- both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _________(develop) of the local areas.
（2021新高考2）A company __________(represent) wrote back and tole me the airline was switching over the plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
（2021浙江6月）In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their __________(marry) ceremony in 1842.
（2020全国2卷）Chinese New Year is a _________(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of the spring.
（2020全国3卷）Filled with _________(curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
（2020海南卷）Also, technological know-how has become a __________(require) for most jobs in an increasingly digital world.
（2020山东卷）Historical __________(accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
（2019全国1卷）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ________(believe) that populations are increasing.
（2019全国3卷）When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting __________(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.
（2019浙江卷）Other American studies showed no _________(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
（2018全国2卷）This switch has decreased _________(pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
（2018浙江卷）Researchers have found that there is a link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in _________(weigh) problems.
（2017全国2卷）This development was only possible with the __________(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
（2017全国3卷）She is determined to carry on with her __________(educate).
（2016全国1卷）But for tourists like me, pandas are its top __________(attract).
（2016全国2卷）Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of _________(achieve).
（2016全国3卷）Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 491 B.C., influenced the _________(develop) of chopsticks.
（2015全国2卷）In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ________(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.
答案：1.criticism 2.warning 3.arrival 4.protection 5.responsibility 6.photographer 7.independence 8.invitation 9.development 10.representative 11.marriage 12.celebration 13.curiosity 14.requirement 15.accuracy 16. belief petition 18.connection/connections 19.pollution 20.weight 21.introduction 22.education 23.attraction 24.achievement 25.development 26.ability