（5）定语从句——2024届中考英语常考句式集中训练（含解析）

（5）定语从句——2024届中考英语常考句式集中训练
要点突破
定义：在主从复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句也叫关系从句。
构成：先行词+关系词+定语从句
关系词：分为关系代词(that、which、who、whom 等)和关系副词(when、where、why)。初中阶段主要掌握由关系代词that、who、which 引导的定语从句。关系代词在从句中作宾语时常可省略。
关系词及其作用
关系词 作用 先行词 例句
that, who, whom (只作宾语) 主语、宾语、表语 人 Do you know the girl who/that often comes here 你认识经常来这儿的那个女孩吗
that, which 主语、宾语、表语 物 The book that/which you bought for me is very interesting. 你给我买的那本书很有趣。
whose 定语 人/物 Do you know the singer whose name is Jack 你认识那个名叫杰克的歌手吗
when 状语 时间 I still remember the day when I first met him. 我还记得第一次见到他的那一天。
where 状语 地点 Can you remember the playground where we played basketball last winter 你还记得去年冬天我们打篮球的那个操场吗
why 状语 原因 This is the reason why I was late this morning. 这就是我今天早晨迟到的原因。
只能用关系代词that的集中情况
当先行词是everything，anything，nothing，something，all，none，little，few等时。
Is there anything that you don't need
有没有你们不需要的东西
当先行词被every，any，all，some，no，little，few，much等修饰时。
I want to watch all the movies that were acted by Zhou Xingchi.
我想看周星驰演的所有电影。
当先行词被the only，the very 修饰时。
This is the only book that I can find.这是我能找到的唯一的一本书。
当先行词被序数词或者形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most beautiful flower that I have ever seen.这是我见到过的最漂亮的花。
当先行词既有人又有物时。
They talked about the persons and the book that interested them.
他们讨论了让他们感兴趣的那些人和那本书。
当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which is the hotel that you like best
你最喜欢哪家旅馆
只能使用关系代词 which 的几种情况
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。
There has just been a heavy rain, which makes the farmers delighted,
刚下过一场雨，这让农民们很高兴。
(2)关系代词跟在介词后时。
The house in which they are living was built 50 years ago.
他们现在居住的房子是50年前建的。
China has hundreds of islands, of which Taiwan is the largest one.
中国有数百个岛屿，其中台湾是最大的一个。
(3)先行词本身是that 时。
What's that which flashed in the sky just now
刚才天空中一闪而过的是什么东西
定语从句的谓语动词
当关系词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。
He is one of the boys who like playing basketball.
他是喜欢打篮球的男孩之一。
(动词 like 与先行词 boys 一致)
He is the boy who comes from America.
他就是来自美国的那个男孩。
(动词comes 与先行词 boy 一致)
区分：
that 在从句中作主语或宾语
指物
I like apples that are red. (作主语)
我喜欢红色的苹果。
You can choose anything (that) you like. (作宾语)
你可以选择任何你喜欢的东西。
I like music (that) I can dance to. (作介词宾语)
我喜欢可以跟着跳舞的音乐。
指人
Who is the man that is reading a newspaper over there (作主语)
正在那边读报纸的那个人是谁
The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Tom's sister. (作宾语)
我们昨天看到的那个女孩是汤姆的姐姐。
That's the man (that) you are looking for. (作介词宾语)
那就是你正找的那个人。
which 在从句中作主语或宾语
指物
I love the books which were written by Lu Xun. (作主语)
我喜欢鲁迅写的书。
The story (which) he told was very popular. (作宾语)
他讲的那个故事很受欢迎。
who 在从句中作主语或宾语，whom 在从句中作宾语
指人
I love the singers who sing words clearly. (作主语)
我喜欢那些唱歌吐字清楚的歌手。
A friend is someone who always helps you when you are in trouble. (作主语)
朋友是总是在你陷入困境时帮助你的人。
Mrs. Jones is the person who/whom you should wait for. (作介词宾语)
琼斯太太就是那个你应该等的人。
突破训练
1. Mary _____ is my friend, as well as her sisters, _____ Chinese in China.
A. that; are studying B. which; have studied C. who; study D. who; studies
2. I prefer movies _____ me something to think about.
A. which gives B. that gives C. that give D. who give
3. I admire the people _______ are honest and hard-working.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
4. —What are you looking for
—I'm looking for the book ______ you bought last Sunday.
A. who B. when C. that
5. —Do you know Linda
—Yes, I do. She is the girl______ I met on my first day when I worked here.
A. which B. whom C. what D. when
6. Rome is an ancient city _______ is full of places of interest.
A. where B. which C. who
7. —Is this my hometown_____ I was born ten years ago
—Yes, it is. It has changed a lot.
A. which B. that C. where D. what
8. I began to work in Shanghai in the year _____ Hong Kong was returned to China.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
9. In difficult times, there are always national heroes _____ step up and bring people hope.
A. whom B. which C. who
10. —Have you found the details of Yuan Longping ________ you can use for your report
—He is so famous that I’ve easily got plenty on the Internet.
A. which B. where C. what D. who
答案以及解析
1.答案：D
解析：句意：我的朋友玛丽和她的姐妹在中国学习汉语。第一空所在句为定语从句，先行词是Mary，关系词可以是who/that，排除B项;本句的主语Mary是第三人称单数，只有D项studies符合。故选D。
2.答案：C
解析：句意：我更喜欢能让我有所思考的电影。movies后是定语从句，先行词为movies，关系词为which/that，又因先行词为可数名词复数，从句谓语用动词原形。故选C。
3.答案：A
解析：考查定语从句关系词的辨析。分析句子可知，本句为含定语从句的主从复合句，缺少关系词。who用于先行词是人，且在从句中作主语或宾语;whom用于先行词是人，且在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。观察句子，先行词是the people，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系词who。故选A。
4.答案：C
解析：首先根据语境推测句意是"我在找昨天你借给我的那本书."，分析句子结构，本句中的"______ you lent me yesterday"在复合句中作定语从句，由于先行词book为下文定语从句的逻辑宾语，且指物，所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that或者which，另外注意关系代词作宾语时可以省略，故选C。
5.答案：B
解析：根据本题语境可知，她是我第一天在这里上班时遇到的那个女孩，先行词是girl，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，whom 符合题意。故选B。
6.答案：B
解析：本题考查定语从句中的关系词。先行词是city，不指人，可先排除C选项; 又因为关系词在定语从句中作主语，which符合题意。故选B。
7.答案：C
解析：本题考查定语从句的关系副词。先行词是hometown，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，where符合题意。故选C。
8.答案：D
解析：本题考查定语从句。句意：香港回归中国那年我开始在上海工作。句中 the year是先行词，指时间，关系词在定语从句中充当时间状语，故定语从句用when来引导。故选D。
9.答案：C
解析：句意： 在困难时期，总是会有挺身而出、给人们带来希望的国家英雄。whom先行词为人，在从句中充当宾语; which先行词为物; who先行词为人，在从句中充当主语或宾语。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 heroes，是人，在从句中充当主语，所以用who引导，故选 C。
10.答案：A
解析：根据句意：你找到你可以用它来写报告的成龙的详细资料了吗 他是如此著名，以至于我很容易在网上找到很多.可知考查定语从句的关系代词，先行词是details，指物，关系代词用which/that。故选A.