（3）宾语从句——2024届中考英语常考句式集中训练（含解析）

（3）宾语从句——2024届中考英语常考句式集中训练
要点突破
定义：在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句称为宾语从句。
宾语从句三要素：连接词、语序和时态。
宾语从句的连接词：
that（本身无意义，只起链接作用，口语中可省略）
He said (that) Kate was good at swimming.
他说凯特擅长游泳。
what，which，who，whose，whom等（在从句子作主语、宾语、定语等）
I don't know what they are going to do
我不知道他们打算干什么。
I wonder who/whom that letter was from.
我不知道是谁来的信。
when，where，why，how（在从句中作状语）
Could you tell me where they live
你能告诉我他们住在哪里吗？
Do you know when the train leaves
你知道火车什么时候发车吗
if/whether（不作句子成分，但不能省略）
He asked if/whether could go there with him.
他问我能否和他一起去那里。
宾语从句的语序：
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述句语序，即主语+谓语( +宾语)/主语+系动词+表语。
I don't know if/whether he is right.
I wonder where he lives.
宾语从句的时态遵循三原则：
需要性原则：主句是现在时(包括一般现在时、现在进行时和现在完成时)，从句时态由句意及时间状语决定。
I want to know where he went just now.
呼应性原则：主句是过去时(包括一般过去时、过去进行时)，从句用相应的过去的某种时态。
He said that he had finished the homework
特殊性原则：从句表述客观事实、真理和自然现象，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。
Our teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
突破训练
1. —Could you tell me _________
—It's over there across from the hospital.
A. when the park opens B. how far is the park
C. where the park is D. how I can get to the park
2. I will go shopping with my mother tomorrow，but I don't know ________.
A. what we will do tomorrow B. when we will go shopping
C. whom I will go shopping with D. what we will buy
3. —Do you know ________
—Yes, there's one here. It's in the store.
A. whom he is talking with B. when I can get to the hotel
C. how to use the machine D. if there's a restroom around here
4. —Could you please tell me ________ when I called you
—Nothing much.
A. what you are doing B. what are you doing
C. what you were doing D. what were you doing
5. —Could you tell me _______
—It has caught a virus. You can use Lily's.
A. what's wrong with your computer B. what your computer happened
C. why can't your computer work well D. why your computer didn't work well
6. —I'm excited about Huawei's new smartphones. Do you know __________
—Next month.
A. how can I get one B. who bought one for me
C. when they will come out D. where I can get one
7. —What did the shopkeeper say to you
—She asked me _______.
A. when did the shop close B. if I preferred that T-shirt
C. what else I will buy D. where did I see the style
8. Lucy looked sad, we wondered ________________.
A. what the matter was with her B. what was wrong with her
C. that she failed the exam D. what she was like
9. —Do you know ___________
—It was introduced through the Silk Road.
A. why pepper was planted in China
B. what pepper was used for in China
C. when pepper was discovered in China
D. how pepper was introduced to China
10. —Next Sunday is my grandmother's birthday. I'm thinking about ________.
—Good boy! And please give my best wishes to her.
A. what present I gave her B. how I can give her a surprise
C. if I had a party for her D. where will my family have a big meal
答案以及解析
1.答案：C
解析：考查宾语从句和情景交际。when the park opens公园什么时候开放；how far is the park公园有多远；where the park is公园在哪里; how I can get to the park我怎么去公园。空处在句中作tell的宾语，所以是宾语从句，从句用陈述句语序；结合答语"It's over there across from the hospital."可知，是问公园在哪里，故选C.
2.答案：D
解析：A明天我们将做什么；B我们什么时候去购物；C我将和谁去购物；D我们将买什么。根据句意可知，此处表示“我不知道我们将买什么”。故选D。
3.答案：D
解析：考查宾语从句。根据下文"there's one here（这里有一个）"可知上文问的是“是否有……”，应选择表示“有……”含义的选项，所以D项“if there's a restroom around here(这附近是否有洗手间）”符合句意。A项"whom he is talking with(他在和谁说话）"、B项"when I can get to the hotel(我什么时候能到宾馆）"、C项"how to use the machine(如何使用这台机器）"答非所问，排除这三个选项。故选D。
4.答案：C
解析：本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它”。由此可以排除B和D;根据句中的"when I called you" (当我给你打电话的时候)可知，宾语从句的时态为过去进行时，即was/were+ doing。故选C。
5.答案：A
解析：根据"Could you tell me…"可知原句是宾语从句，从句应用陈述语序,排除C项;B选项应是what happened to your computer。 what's wrong with your computer你的电脑怎么了;why your computer didn't work well为什么你的电脑不能正常工作。根据"It has caught a virus. You can use Lily's."可知在问电脑出了什么问题。故选A。
6.答案：C
解析：根据题干，可知考查宾语从句，用陈述语序。排除AB选项;由Next month可知问的是时间。when引导宾语从句。故选C。
7.答案：B
解析：本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述语序，由此可先排除A、D两项；再根据语境及题干中的"asked"可知，从句要用跟过去相关的时态，故B 项符合题意。
8.答案：B
解析：考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，what was/is matter/wrong with. sb.为疑问词作主语，是陈述语序，be动词不用后置，排除A选项；根据wondered"想知道"可知，空处应是不确定的事情，不能用that引导，that后接内容为确定的事情，排除C选项；根据"Lucy looked sad"可知，此处是看到露西难过，应是询问她怎么了，排除D选项。故选B。
9.答案：D
解析：本题考查宾语从句。根据答语"It was introduced through the Silk Road"可知问句问的是方式，应用how引导宾语从句，故D项正确。
10.答案：B
解析：根据句意：——下个星期日是我祖母的生日。我在考虑我怎么才能给她一个惊喜。——好孩子！请代我向她致以最美好的祝愿。考查宾语从句。用陈述语序，排除D；时态是一般现在时，排除AC。故选B。