Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要词汇的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化重要语言点的用法,并学以致用。(学习能力)
3.通过对教材的理解,学会运用被动语态。(语言能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
1. n.重要的社交活动;时刻;时候→ adj.偶然的;临时的→ adv.偶尔
2. n.毕业生 vi.毕业→ n.毕业
3. vt.祝贺→ n.恭喜;祝贺
4. n.传统→ adj.传统的→ adv.传统上
5. vt.使(某人)惊恐;吓唬→ adj.可怕的;引起恐慌的→ adj.害怕的;惊恐的
6. vt.环绕;围绕→ adj.周围的;四周的→ n.(周围的)环境
7. vt.预料;期待;期盼→ adj.期待的;期望的→ n.预料;预期;期待
8. n.总结;概括;概要→ vi.& vt.总结;概括
9. n.起源;出身→ adj.原先的;最早的;最初的
答案 1.occasion;occasional;occasionally 2.graduate;graduation 3.congratulate;congratulation 4.tradition;traditional;traditionally 5.scare;scary;scared 6.surround;surrounding;surroundings
7.expect;expectant;expectation 8.summary;summarise 9.origin;original
构词规律
n.+-al→adj.
person n.→personal adj.个人的 exception n.→exceptional adj.例外的 region n.→regional adj.地区性的
Step 2 短语记诵
1.come an end 结束;终止
2. war 在交战状态中
3.put 举起;张贴
4.let 放(枪,花炮等)
5.sweep 扫除;清除
6.upside 倒置地;颠倒地
7.light 照亮;(使)变得喜悦
8.up 从事;忙于;多达;能胜任
9.scare... 把……吓跑
10. of thousands of 成千上万
答案 1.to 2.at 3.up 4.off 5.away 6.down
7.up 8.to 9.away 10.tens
短语归纳
v.+away→动词短语
give away泄露;赠送 get away逃脱;离开 put away把……收起来放好
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.It is believed that when Fu is put upside down,happiness arrives.(It+be+动词-ed形式+that...)
翻译 据说当“福”颠倒的时候,幸福就到了。
仿写 the couple have left the country.
据说那对夫妇已经离开了这个国家。
2.I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival,as train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible.(as引导原因状语从句)
翻译 我通常在春节前几周就开始计划我的山西回家之旅,因为火车票或飞机票必须尽早预订。
仿写 ,I went there alone.
因为她身体不好,所以我独自去了那里。
3.Every year,the moment I get on the train,I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—I know that I am heading home to my family.(the moment引导时间状语从句)
翻译 每年,我一坐上火车,就会被山西方言包围,我意识到我踏上了回家的路。
仿写 I found myself in an entirely new world .
我一到北京就发现自己在一个全新的世界里。
答案 1.It is said that 2.As she was not well 3.the moment I arrived in Beijing
【合作探究】
新知探究
核心素养 (仅供教师参考)
倒 贴 福
倒贴福是一项传统年俗。每逢新春佳节,家家户户都要在屋门上、墙壁上、门楣上贴上大大小小的“福”字。春节贴“福”字,是民间由来已久的风俗。
倒贴福这种做法很可能是从贴“福”字的来历中演绎出来的。明太祖朱元璋攻占南京后,命心腹在曾经支持和帮助过自己的人的家门上悄悄贴一个“福”字,以便第二天将门上没有“福”字的人家通通杀掉。好心的马皇后得知这一情况后,为消除这场灾祸,令全城大小人家必须连夜在各自门上贴一个“福”字。于是各家各户都遵懿旨照办,其中有户人家不识字,还把“福”字贴倒了。
第二天,朱元璋令御林军把没贴“福”字的人家满门抄斩。不料不一会儿御林军头目回禀,全城家家都贴有“福”字。朱元璋气得正不知如何是好,御林军头目又说,有一家人把“福”字倒着贴在了门上。朱元璋听了大怒,立即命令御林军把那家人全部杀掉。马皇后一看事情不好,忙对朱元璋说:“那家人知道您今日来访,故意把‘福’字贴倒了,这不是‘福到’的意思吗 ”朱元璋一听有道理,便消除了杀人的念头,从而避免了一场大祸。从此以后“福”字倒贴的习俗就渐渐传开。
(仅供教师参考)
Notes from the editor: Spring Festival is an important tradition in China. It has unique meanings. However, people may understand it differently, including those from other cultures. Here are three readers' accounts to our magazine, in which the readers shared their experiences and views about it.
编者按:春节是中国的重要传统。它有独特的意义。然而,人们对它可能会有不同的理解,包括那些来自其他文化的人。以下是我们杂志的三位读者的叙述,他们分享了自己关于春节的经历和看法。
Tom Jenkins
a 16-year-old exchange student living in Nanjing
It was my first time spending Spring Festival in China with my host family. Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family. Preparations began a week before the festival. First, the house was cleaned from top to bottom.My host mother Mrs Chen said this was to sweep away the dirt of the past year and get ready for the new year.
Next, the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door. It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives.(1) The character looked really cool.
汤姆·詹金斯
一个住在南京的16岁交换生
这是我第一次和我的寄宿家庭在中国过春节。春节是每个中国家庭非常重视的节日。节日前一周就开始准备了。首先,房子从上到下都打扫了一遍。我的房东陈太太说这是清除过去一年的积尘,为新的一年做准备。
接着,汉字“福”被倒着贴在我们的前门上。据说当“福”颠倒的时候,幸福就到了。这个字看起来很酷。
【助读点拨】
(1)It is believed that...“据说……”。
The greatest excitement began the night before Spring Festival. Fireworks were being let off across the city, suddenly lighting up the night sky(2).Children were covering their ears but with an expectant look on their faces(3). Mrs Chen said that it was to scare away the monster Nian. The fireworks were a lot of fun! We then sat together to enjoy a big dinner, wishing everyone a happy new year.
最激动人心的事情发生在春节的前一天晚上。整个城市都在放烟花,突然夜空都被照亮了。孩子们捂着耳朵,但脸上带着期待的表情。陈太太说这是为了吓跑怪兽“年”。烟花很有趣!然后,我们坐在一起享受一顿丰盛的晚餐,祝福大家新年快乐。
【助读点拨】
(2)lighting up the night sky为动词-ing形式作结果状语。
(3)此处为with的复合结构。
Xu Gang
a 28-year-old computer engineer working in Shanghai
I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival, as train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible.I take great care in choosing gifts for my parents. This year, I bought a bottle of wine for my father and a beautiful sweater for my mother.
Every year, the moment I get on the train, I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—I know that I am heading home to my family. I don't get to travel back to Shanxi very often, so when I get home,my parents will fill me in on what's been happening—who has got married or had children or gone away to university. It's great to hear what everyone's been up to.
徐刚
一名在上海工作的28岁计算机工程师
我通常在春节前几周就开始计划我的山西回家之旅,因为火车票或飞机票必须尽早预订。我很仔细地为父母挑选礼物。今年,我给爸爸买了一瓶葡萄酒,给妈妈买了一件漂亮的毛衣。
每年,我一坐上火车,就会被山西方言包围,我意识到我踏上了回家的路。我不经常回山西,因此每年我回到家时,我的父母会把这一年发生的事一股脑地告诉我,谁结婚了,谁有小孩了,谁上大学了。很高兴听到大家都在忙些什么。 We usually have hotpot—it's so tasty! However,what we eat isn't the most important thing. What's important is who we eat it with. It's a wonderful thing to be back together with my family and talk of old times. When I was a kid, Spring Festival was all about firecrackers, sweets and decorations. As I get older,coming home and being with my entire family(4) is the most important part of it.
我们通常吃火锅——它很好吃!然而,我们吃什么并不是最重要的事情。重要的是我们和谁一起吃。能和家人团聚在一起,谈论过去的时光,真是一件美好的事。当我小的时候,春节都是关于鞭炮、糖果和装饰品。随着年龄的增长,回家和所有家人在一起是春节最重要的部分。
【助读点拨】
(4)此处为动词-ing形式作主语。
Li Yan
a 70-year-old grandmother from Heilongjiang
Spring Festival is family time for us. My husband and I are both retired. We do not see our children and grandchildren very often and we miss them a lot. Weeks before Spring Festival,we start getting ready for their homecoming. Things start to get really busy. We think about what the children would like to eat, what we need to buy and what dishes need to be prepared.
Our house buzzes with activities when everyone comes home. Our grandchildren run around shouting and playing, and the adults gather around the table to talk about the past year.Great fun is also enjoyed in the kitchen as jiaozi are being made. We always have jiaozi during this time, as they mean something special on this occasion—they are a sign of our wishes for health and happiness in the coming year. To me, this is Spring Festival—the joy of a family gathering.
Throughout history, some of the original customs have changed, but the spirit of the festival—the spirit of family—has largely been kept.Most of the important Spring Festival traditions are still being practised by people across the country.
李燕
一位来自黑龙江的70岁的祖母
春节是我们的家庭时间。我的丈夫和我都退休了。我们不经常看到我们的孩子和孙子(女),我们很想念他们。为了他们回家,春节前几周,我们就开始准备。事情开始变得繁忙。我们考虑孩子们喜欢吃什么,我们需要买什么,需要准备什么菜。
当每个人都回家时,我们的房子里开始了各种活动。我们的孙子(女)们跑来跑去,边喊边玩,大人们围坐在桌旁谈论着过去的一年。在厨房里包饺子也很有趣。在这个时间里,我们总是吃饺子,因为它们在这个场合有特殊的意义——它们是我们希望在新的一年里健康和幸福的象征。对我来说,这就是春节——家人团聚的欢乐。
纵观历史,原有的一些风俗习惯已经发生了变化,但节日的精神——家庭的精神——很大程度上得以保留了下来。大多数重要的春节传统仍在全国人民中流传。
核 心 单 词
知识点1 occasion n.重要的社交活动;时刻;时候 *occasional adj.偶尔的;偶然的;临时的 *occasionally adv.偶然;偶尔;有时
(P50) Choose a festival or a special occasion that you like.
选择一个你喜欢的节日或一个特别的时刻。
知识拓展
on one occasion 有一次
on that occasion 那时;在那种情况下
on occasion 偶尔
on several occasions 好几次
rise to the occasion 应对自如
图解释义
In China, New Year's Eve is an important family occasion.
在中国,除夕夜是重要的家庭团聚时刻。
名师点拨
当occasion后接定语从句时,其引导词要依据occasion的含义及其在从句中所作的成分来确定。当occasion作先行词,其含义为“场合;庆典”时,应将它看作地点状语,用where来引导;当occasion表示“机会;时刻”时,应将它看作时间状语,用when来引导。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I call on my parents occasion.
(2)We (occasional) meet for a drink after work.
(3)I can remember very few occasions he had to ask for leave because of ill health.
(4)This is not an occasion for laughter, you must take things seriously.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(5) , she called me in the middle of the night.
有一次,她半夜给我打电话。
(6)He has been known to lose his temper.
大家都知道他有时会发脾气。
答案 (1)on (2)occasionally (3)when (4)where
(5)On one occasion (6)on occasion
知识点2 congratulation n.祝贺;恭喜 *congratulate vt.祝贺;向……道贺
(牛津词典)Congratulations on your exam results!
祝贺你考出了好成绩!
知识拓展
congratulations (to sb) on sth 祝贺(某人)某事
congratulate sb on sth 祝贺某人某事
congratulate oneself on (doing) sth 庆幸自己(做)某事;感到自豪
经典佳句
Many friends came to congratulate him on his marriage,and some sent emails to express their congratulations.
许多朋友前来祝贺他结婚,一些人发电子邮件表示祝贺。
名师点拨
(1)congratulation用作“祝贺语;贺词”时,通常用复数形式;用作“祝贺”这一抽象意义时,通常用单数形式。
(2)congratulate后不接带不定式的复合结构或that从句。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I send you my warmest (congratulate) on your success.
(2)We congratulated him on (pass) the examination.
(3)I had hoped to send Peter a gift (congratulate) him on his marriage,but I couldn't manage it.
Ⅱ.同义句改写
(4)We offer our congratulations to you on your passing the College Entrance Examination.
→We the College Entrance Examination.(congratulate)
答案 (1)congratulations (2)having passed (3)to congratulate (4)congratulate you on your passing
知识点3 decorate vi.& vt.装饰;布置;美化 *decorative adj.装饰性的;用作装饰的 *decoration n.装饰;装饰物
(P103)A lot of places were decorated with lanterns.
许多地方都用灯笼装饰着。
知识拓展
decorate...with... 用……装饰……
熟词生义
decorate v.授给(某人)勋章(或奖章)
The soldier was decorated for bravery.
这名士兵因表现英勇而获得勋章。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The New Year is drawing near. Let's go and buy some (decorate) to make our house more beautiful.
(2)The Christmas tree was (decorate) with many gifts and sweets.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)(2023·重庆一中月考)Li Hua pictures of all his favourite sports figures.
李华用他喜爱的所有运动员的照片装饰自己的房间。
答案 (1)decorations (2)decorated (3)decorated his room with
知识点4 tradition n.传统 *traditional adj.传统的 *traditionally adv.传统地
(P103)They're part of our tradition.
它们是我们传统的一部分。
知识拓展
It's a tradition that ... ……是一个传统
It is a tradition for sb to do sth. 某人做某事是一种传统。
图解释义
During the Mid-Autumn Festival, it is a tradition for Chinese to sit together and eat mooncakes and fruits, enjoying the moon together.
中秋节期间,中国人坐在一起吃月饼、水果和赏月是一种传统。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1) (traditional) in China, children must respect and obey their parents and teachers.
(2)It is tradition to sweep tomb on Tomb Sweeping Day.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)(2023·安徽合肥一中月考)Now that , I thought this festival would be a worthwhile experience for you.
既然你对中国传统文化感兴趣,那么我认为这个节日对你而言将是一次值得的经历。
答案 (1)Traditionally (2) a (3)you are interested in traditional Chinese culture
知识点5 account n.描述;报道;(银行)账户;账目;解释;说明 vt.认为是;视为
(P52)Read the three readers' accounts.
读三位读者的描述。
知识拓展
account for 说明(原因等);做出解释;占……(比例)
on account of 由于;因为
on any account 无论如何
on no account 绝不
take account of/take...into account=take...into consideration 考虑到……
经典佳句
The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class.
教授警告学生们,在他的课上绝不允许使用手机。
名师点拨
on no account位于句首时,主句要部分倒装。类似用法的词还有by no means、 in no way、 on no condition、 at no time等。
融会应用
Ⅰ.选词填空
account for;take account of;on no account; on account of
(1)At first he hesitated the expense.
(2)The judge should the age of the accused.
(3)You should tell him, for it's a secret.
(4)We must every penny we spend on business trips.
Ⅱ.一句多译
(5)我真诚地希望你考虑我的建议。
→I sincerely hope that you will .(take...into account)
→I sincerely hope that you will .(consider)
→I sincerely hope that you will .(consideration)
→I sincerely hope that you will .(take account of)
答案 (1)on account of (2)take account of (3)on no account (4)account for (5)take my suggestions into account;consider my suggestions carefully;take my suggestions into consideration;take account of my suggestions
知识点6 attach vt.贴;固定;附上 *attachment n.附件;依恋 *attached adj.依恋的;附属于
(P52)Next,the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door.
接着,汉字“福”被倒着贴在我们的前门上。
知识拓展
attach sth to... 把某物连接到/固定在/附在……上
attach importance/significance to... 重视;认为……重要/有意义
be attached to 附属于;爱慕
an attached school 附属学校
图解释义
Each family writes couplets on red paper and then attaches them to the door to welcome the arrival of the Spring Festival.
每家人用红纸写好对联,然后贴在门上,迎接春节的到来。
融会应用
单句填空
(1) (attach) a recent photograph to your application form before handing it in.
(2)I attach great significance the summit meeting.
(3)This hospital is (attach) to Peking University nearby.
(4)Emma had never taken herself as a crane and become deeply (attach) to humans.
答案 (1)Attach (2)to (3)attached (4)attached
知识点7 surround vt.环绕;围绕 *surrounding adj.周围的;附近的 *surroundings n.周围的事物;环境
(P53)Every year,the moment I get on the train,I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—I know that I am heading home to my family.
每年,我一坐上火车,就会被山西方言包围,我意识到我踏上了回家的路。
知识拓展
surround sb/sth with... 用……包围某人/某物
be surrounded by/with... 被……包围/环绕
surround oneself with... 喜欢结交(某类人);喜欢身边总有(某类东西)
经典佳句
As a famous pop star,he loves being surrounded by so many fans coming to visit him from the surrounding towns.And he also likes beautiful surroundings with green trees and flowers,because he can get much more pleasure from nature.
作为一名有名的流行歌手,他喜欢被这么多从周围城镇来看他的歌迷包围。他也喜欢有着绿树和鲜花的优美环境,因为他可以从大自然中获得更多的快乐。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)People say it is Canada's most beautiful city, (surround) by mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
(2)He loves to surround himself his family and friends.
(3)I'd like to bring up my child in healthy (surround).
(4)And don't forget: we (surround) by a natural playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling.
Ⅱ.同义句改写
(5)The Swiss can feel secure because they are surrounded by Europe.
→ (动词-ed形式作原因状语)
答案 (1)surrounded (2)with (3)surroundings (4)are surrounded (5)Surrounded by Europe, the Swiss can feel secure.
短 语 句 式
知识点8 come to an end 结束
(P51)Amid the boom of firecrackers a year has come to an end,and the spring wind has wafted warm breath to the wine.
爆竹声中一岁除,春风送暖入屠苏。
知识拓展
bring an end to sth=bring sth to an end 使……结束
put an end to sth 结束;消除
in the end 最终;终于
end in 以……告终;结果是……
end up with 以……结束
经典佳句
All good things must come to an end.
天下无不散之筵席。
名师点拨
come to an end是不及物动词短语,后面不能接宾语;接宾语时需用bring sth to an end或put/bring an end to sth。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The discussion finally came to end.
(2)The exploration ended failure.
Ⅱ.同义句改写
The meeting was at an end.
(3) (come)
(4) (bring)
(5) (put)
答案 (1)an (2)in (3)The meeting came to an end. (4)We brought the meeting to an end. (5)We put an end to the meeting.
知识点9 put up修建;举起;提供膳宿;张贴
(P52)to put up decorations
悬挂装饰品
知识拓展
put up with 容忍;忍受
put off 推迟;延期
put down 写下;记下;放下
put away 把……收起;放好;把钱、物等储存起来
put on 穿上;增加(体重等)
经典佳句
On Christmas Eve,we put up some balloons to add to the festival atmosphere.
在平安夜,我们挂起了一些气球来增加节日的气氛。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)I have to my cat's fur all over the house.
我必须忍受满屋子的猫毛。
(2)Just because of the rain, the sports meeting .
正是因为下雨运动会才延期的。
(3)I only that might be a danger to a child.
我只是把可能对孩子造成危险的东西收了起来。
答案 (1)put up with (2)was put off (3)put away the things
知识点10 let off 放(枪、花炮等);使某物爆炸
(P52)Fireworks were being let off across the city...
整个城市都在放烟花……
知识拓展
let out 放出;泄露;发出(声音)
let sb down 使某人失望
let in 让……进来;放入
let alone 更不用说
let...alone 不打扰;让……单独留下
经典佳句
The terrorists tried to let off a bomb near the building, but they failed.
恐怖分子妄图在这栋楼房附近引爆一枚炸弹,但他们失败了。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)I'm afraid she badly.
很遗憾,她让我们大失所望。
(2)The boys were fireworks.
那些男孩在放烟花。
(3)With each bump of the car he a giggle of delight.
汽车的每一次颠簸都让他发出咯咯的笑声。
答案 (1)let us down (2)letting off (3)would let out
知识点11 scare...away把……吓跑
(P52)Mrs Chen said that it was to scare away the monster Nian.
陈太太说这是为了吓跑怪兽“年”。
知识拓展
scare sb off 把某人吓退
scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事
be scared of doing... 不敢做……
be scared to do... 害怕做……
be scared that... 害怕……
be scared to death 吓得要命
a scary movie 恐怖电影
经典佳句
The little girl is scared of going across the bridge because she is scared to fall into the river.
小女孩害怕过桥,因为她害怕掉进河里。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)She tries to scare the child behaving well.
(2)She was scared to (die) to wait for the result of her examination in the middle of June.
(3)The little girl was scared (go) out alone in the evening.
答案 (1)into (2)death (3)to go
知识点12 It is believed that...
(P52)It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives.
人们认为当“福”颠倒的时候,幸福就到了。
知识拓展
(1)句中It is believed that...意为“人们认为……”,类似结构还有:
It's said that ... 据说……
It's thought that ...大家认为……
It's reported that ...据报道……
It's hoped that ...大家希望……
(2)以上结构可以改为下列两种简单句形式:
·Sb/Sth+be+believed/said/thought/reported to do sth
·People/Sb+believe/say/think/report/...+that ...
(3)在“Sb/Sth+be+believed/said/thought/reported to do sth”结构中,若动词不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前,就用动词不定式的完成式;若强调的动作正在进行,则用动词不定式的进行式;若动词不定式所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作(几乎)同时发生或即将发生,则用动词不定式的一般式。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句写作
(1)The professor in carrying out this experiment.
据说这位教授已经成功地完成了这项实验。
(2) the way people spend their holidays has changed a great deal in the past ten years.
据报道,在过去的十年里,人们度假的方式发生了很大的变化。
Ⅱ.同义句转换
(3)It is believed that education is the most important issue facing the government.
→Education the most important issue facing the government.
答案 (1)is said to have succeeded (2)It's reported that (3)is believed to be
知识点13 as引导原因状语从句
(P53)I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival,as train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible.
我通常在春节前几周就开始计划我的山西回家之旅,因为火车票或飞机票必须尽早预订。
知识拓展
句中的as作连词,表示原因。
(1)as作为从属连词,可以引导下列从句
①引导时间状语从句,意为“正当……的时候;一边……一边……;随着……”,从句可放主句之前或主句之后。
②引导方式状语从句,意为“如同;按照……的方式/样子/办法”,其引导的从句常跟在主句之后。
③引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”,多在主句之前,且多用倒装。(应将从句中作主要成分的形容词、副词、原形动词、不加冠词的单数名词置于as前面)。
④引导比较状语从句,意为“和……一样/不一样”,表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词 (意为“那么;如此”),第二个as为连词 (引导的比较状语从句常用省略形式)。其基本结构为“as+adj./adv.+as”。
(2)as作为关系代词引导定语从句,既可以单独使用,也可以与其他词连用,其用法要比that和which更为复杂,而且as在定语从句中可以充当多种成分,可以指人也可以指物。
(3)as作为介词时,表示“好像;作为;当作”。
融会应用
单句写作
(1) ,he felt himself getting more and more tired.
当他往前走时,他感到自己越来越疲惫。
(2)Difficult ,we should not give it up.
虽然很难,但我们不应该放弃。
(3)This film is that one.
这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。
答案 (1)As he walked on (2)as it is (3)as interesting as
知识点14 the moment 引导时间状语从句
(P53)Every year,the moment I get on the train,I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—I know that I am heading home to my family.
每年,我一坐上火车,就会被山西方言包围,我意识到我踏上了回家的路。
知识拓展
“一……就……”的表达方式还有:
(1)the minute/second/instant
(2)immediately/directly/instantly
(3)hardly...when.../no sooner...than...
(4)as soon as...
(5)on+n./doing...
融会应用
单句填空
(1)I went home (direct)I had finished work.
(2)No sooner had he arrived he fell sick.
(3)They were presented with flowers on (arrive) at the airport.
答案 (1)directly (2)than (3)arrival/arriving
知识点15 动词-ing形式作伴随状语
(P53)Our grandchildren run around shouting and playing, and the adults gather around the table to talk about the past year.
我们的孙子(女)们跑来跑去,边喊边玩,大人们围坐在桌旁谈论着过去的一年。
知识拓展
句中shouting and playing是动词-ing形式作伴随状语。
动词-ing形式作伴随状语,表示伴随情况,翻译时一般译成并列复合句。
He made the boy sit there, promising they would not hurt him.
他让那个男孩坐在那儿,并保证他们不会伤害他。
Last night,Mike made a call to me, saying sorry for his absence from my wedding ceremony.
昨晚,Mike给我打了个电话,对缺席我的婚礼表示歉意。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)The children walked out of the classroom, (欢快地谈笑着).
(2)Mr Parkinson stood up and left the room, (关上了身后的门).
(3)There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, (凝视着夜空).
答案 (1)laughing and talking merrily/happily (2)closing the door behind him (3)staring at the night sky
语法探究
被 动 语 态
自主探究
阅读下列句子,并注意黑体部分的用法。
1.Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family.
2.First, the house was cleaned from top to bottom.
3.Fireworks were being let off across the city.
4.The night sky was lighted up by them.
5.I am surrounded by Shanxi accents.
6.Great fun is also enjoyed in the kitchen as jiaozi are being made.
我的发现
以上各句均为被动语态。其中第1、5、6句为 的被动语态,具体结构是am/is/are done;第2、4句为 的被动语态,具体结构是 ;第3句中为 的被动语态,具体结构是was/were being done;第6句中还有 的被动语态,具体结构是am/is/are being done。
答案 一般现在时;一般过去时;was/were done;过去进行时;现在进行时
探究点1 各种时态的被动语态的构成
时态 动词的被动形式 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are done He is asked to do this.
一般过去时 was/were done The story was told by her mother.
一般将来时 will be done The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
现在进行时 am/is/are being done The bridge is being built.
过去进行时 was/were being done At that time the desk was being repaired.
现在完成时 have/has been done The house has been built.
过去完成时 had been done They said that their work had been finished.
过去将来时 would be done He said the trees would be planted soon.
探究点2 被动语态的特殊结构
1.含有情态动词的被动语态的构成:情态动词+be+动词-ed形式。
Something must be done to stop the water from being polluted.
必须采取措施来防止水受到污染。
2.有些动词可以跟间接宾语和直接宾语,变为被动语态时,通常把间接宾语变为主语;如果把直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词to或for引导。
My mother bought me a nice gift.
妈妈给我买了一个漂亮的礼物。
→I was bought a nice gift by my mother.
→A nice gift was bought for me by my mother.
3.“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,要将宾语变为被动结构中的主语。
The teacher caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
老师发现这个男孩在吸烟。
→The boy was caught smoking a cigarette by the teacher.
4.使役动词have、 make与感官动词see、watch、notice、 hear等后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,当变为被动语态时,要将to还原。
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
有人看见一个陌生人走进了这栋楼。
→A stranger was seen to walk into the building by someone.
探究点3 主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词,如break、 catch、 clean、 drive、 lock、 open、 sell、 read、 write、 wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表示被动意义,主语通常是物。
This kind of cloth washes well.
这种布料很好洗。
2.表示“发生;进行”的不及物动词和短语,如happen、 last、 take place、 break out、 come out、 come about、 come true、 run out、 give out、 turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
How do the newspapers come out
这些报纸是如何出版的呢
3.系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词(feel、 sound、 taste等)在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
Your explanation sounds reasonable.
你的解释听起来有道理。
4.有些非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
(1)动词need、 require、 want和be worth后用动词-ing主动形式表示被动意义。
The garden needs watering.
花园需要浇水。
This film is really worth seeing.
这部电影的确值得看。
(2)在“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”结构中,句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的动宾关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有easy、hard、difficult、important、impossible、interesting、heavy等。
The question is difficult to answer.
这个问题很难回答。
Do you think the water is safe to drink
你认为这水喝着安全吗
(3)不定式和它所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,又和句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,不定式常用主动形式表示被动含义。
I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.
今天下午我有很多事情要做。
【随堂检测】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1. (instant)he saw me,he held out his hands.
2. a party member,I'll take the lead in everything.
3.Foxes started coming in from the (surround) countryside.
4.He was (scare) to cross the rickety (不稳固的) bridge.
5.He hasn't enough money for food,let amusements.
6.Much importance is attached the development of the individual self.
7.He could not account his absence from school.
8.Make sure that you put every word she says.
9.I hope we have brought an end our arguments.
10.We must offer our (congratulate) to the happy couple.
答案 1.Instantly 2.As 3.surrounding 4.scared
5.alone 6.to 7.for 8.down 9.to 10.congratulations
Ⅱ.选词填空
sweep away;light up;put up;come to an end;let off;tens of thousands of;upside down;scare...away;at war;up to
1.The cafe owner has the required “no smoking” sign.
2.They must have known what their father was .
3.The fight between the two countries finally .
4. men have travelled southwards to find work.
5.A resident of his neighbourhood had fireworks to celebrate the festival.
6.He the dust from the door.
7.The country has been with its neighbour for two years.
8.Should I tell him how I feel, or would that him
9.If I were a lamp, it would be my duty to thick darkness.
10.If I stand on my head, I will see everything .
答案 1.put up 2.up to 3.came to an end 4.Tens of thousands of 5.let off 6.swept away 7.at war 8.scare;away 9.light up 10.upside down
Ⅲ.单句写作
1. ,he will not attain his goal.
他无论怎样努力都达不到目标。
2.Tell him I need to see him .
告诉他,他一到我就要见他。
3.This is a house .
这是一栋被花草树木环绕的房子。
4.His face was pale and he looked .
他脸色苍白,看起来吓得要死。
5. I make an apology to him.
我决不向他道歉。
答案 1.However hard he may try 2.the minute/moment he arrives 3.surrounded by trees and flowers 4.scared to death 5.On no account do
Ⅳ.语法填空
This is the third time I 1. (be) here.All visitors to this town 2. (treat) with kindness. It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they 3. (do) for me.The town life I was used to 4. (change) greatly since 1992.People are recycling many things which they 5. (throw) away in the past.The Town Hall 6. (complete) in the 1800's was the most distinguished building at that time.Great changes 7. (take) place in the city and a lot of factories 8. (set) up.The church tower which 9. (restore) will be open to tourists soon.The work is almost 10. (finish).
答案 1.have been 2.are treated 3.had done 4.has changed 5.would/could/might have thrown
6.completed 7.have taken 8.have been set 9.is being restored 10.finished
2(共82张PPT)
UNIT 3 CELEBRATIONS
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要词汇的基本用法。（语言能力）
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化重要语言点的用法,并学以致用。（学习能力）
3.通过对教材的理解,学会运用被动语态。（语言能力）
1._________ n.重要的社交活动；时刻；时候→__________ adj.偶然的；临时的
→____________ adv.偶尔
occasion
occasional
occasionally
2._________ n.毕业生 vi.毕业→__________ n.毕业
graduate
graduation
3.____________ vt.祝贺→_____________ n.恭喜；祝贺
congratulate
congratulation
4.________ n.传统→__________ adj.传统的→___________ adv.传统上
tradition
traditional
traditionally
5.______ vt.使（某人）惊恐；吓唬→______ adj.可怕的；引起恐慌的→_______adj.害
怕的；惊恐的
scare
scary
scared
6._________ vt.环绕；围绕→___________ adj.周围的；四周的→____________ n.（周
围的）环境
surround
surrounding
surroundings
7._______ vt.预料；期待；期盼→_________ adj.期待的；期望的→___________n．预
料；预期；期待
expect
expectant
expectation
8._________n．总结；概括；概要→__________vi.& vt.总结；概括
summary
summarise
9.______n．起源；出身→________adj.原先的；最早的；最初的
origin
original
构词规律
n.+-al→adj.
person n.→personal adj.个人的
exception n.→exceptional adj.例外的
region n.→regional adj.地区性的
1.come ___ an end 结束；终止
to
2.___ war 在交战状态中
at
3.put ____ 举起；张贴
up
4.let ____ 放（枪，花炮等）
off
5.sweep ______ 扫除；清除
away
6.upside ______ 倒置地;颠倒地
down
7.light ____ 照亮；（使）变得喜悦
up
8.up ___ 从事；忙于；多达；能胜任
to
9.scare...______ 把……吓跑
away
10._____ of thousands of 成千上万
tens
短语归纳
v.+away→动词短语
give away泄露；赠送
get away逃脱；离开
put away把……收起来放好
1.It is believed that. .when Fu is put upside down,happiness arrives.（It+be+动词-ed形
式+that...）
翻译 据说当“福”颠倒的时候,幸福就到了。
仿写 _____________ the couple have left the country.
据说那对夫妇已经离开了这个国家。
It is said that
2.I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival,as
train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible.（as引导原因状语从句）
翻译 我通常在春节前几周就开始计划我的山西回家之旅,因为火车票或飞机票必须尽早
预订。
仿写 ____________________,I went there alone.
因为她身体不好,所以我独自去了那里。
As she was not well
3.Every year,the moment I get on the train,I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—I
know that I am heading home to my family.（the moment引导时间状语从句）
翻译 每年,我一坐上火车,就会被山西方言包围,我意识到我踏上了回家的路。
仿写 I found myself in an entirely new world _____________________________.
我一到北京就发现自己在一个全新的世界里。
the moment I arrived in Beijing
核 心 单 词
知识点1 occasion n.重要的社交活动；时刻；时候＊occasional adj.偶尔的；偶然的；临时的 ＊occasionally adv.偶然；偶尔；有时
（P50） Choose a festival or a special occasion that you like.
选择一个你喜欢的节日或一个特别的时刻。
知识拓展
on one occasion 有一次
on that occasion 那时；在那种情况下
on occasion 偶尔
on several occasions 好几次
rise to the occasion 应对自如
图解释义
In China, New Year's Eve is an important family occasion.
在中国，除夕夜是重要的家庭团聚时刻。
名师点拨
当occasion后接定语从句时，其引导词要依据occasion的含义及其在从句中所作的成分来确定。当occasion作先行词，其含义为“场合；庆典”时，应将它看作地点状语，用where来引导；当occasion表示“机会；时刻”时，应将它看作时间状语，用when来引导。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）I call on my parents ____ occasion.
on
（2）We ____________ （occasional） meet for a drink after work.
occasionally
（3）I can remember very few occasions ______ he had to ask for leave because of
ill health.
when
（4）This is not an occasion for laughter， _______ you must take things seriously.
where
Ⅱ.单句写作
（5）________________, she called me in the middle of the night.
有一次,她半夜给我打电话。
On one occasion
（6）He has been known ____________to lose his temper.
大家都知道他有时会发脾气。
on occasion
知识点2 congratulation n.祝贺；恭喜＊congratulate vt.祝贺；向……道贺
（牛津词典）Congratulations on your exam results!
祝贺你考出了好成绩！
知识拓展
congratulations （to sb） on sth 祝贺（某人）某事
congratulate sb on sth 祝贺某人某事
congratulate oneself on （doing） sth 庆幸自己（做）某事；感到自豪
经典佳句
Many friends came to congratulate him on his marriage，and some sent emails to express their congratulations.
许多朋友前来祝贺他结婚，一些人发电子邮件表示祝贺。
名师点拨
（1）congratulation用作“祝贺语；贺词”时，通常用复数形式；用作“祝贺”这一抽象意义时，通常用单数形式。
（2）congratulate后不接带不定式的复合结构或that从句。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）I send you my warmest ______________（congratulate） on your success.
congratulations
（2）We congratulated him on _____________（pass） the examination.
having passed
（3）I had hoped to send Peter a gift ______________（congratulate） him on his
marriage,but I couldn't manage it.
to congratulate
Ⅱ.同义句改写
（4）We offer our congratulations to you on your passing the College Entrance
Examination.
→We ______________________________ the College Entrance Examination.
（congratulate）
congratulate you on your passing
知识点3 decorate vi.&vt.装饰；布置；美化＊decorative adj.装饰性的；用作装饰的 ＊decoration n.装饰；装饰物
（P103）A lot of places were decorated with lanterns.
许多地方都用灯笼装饰着。
知识拓展
decorate...with... 用……装饰……
熟词生义
decorate v.授给（某人）勋章（或奖章）
The soldier was decorated for bravery.
这名士兵因表现英勇而获得勋章。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）The New Year is drawing near. Let's go and buy some ___________ （decorate）
to make our house more beautiful.
decorations
（2）The Christmas tree was _________（decorate） with many gifts and sweets.
decorated
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）（2023·重庆一中月考）Li Hua _______________________ pictures of all his
favourite sports figures.
李华用他喜爱的所有运动员的照片装饰自己的房间。
decorated his room with
知识点4 tradition n.传统＊traditional adj.传统的 ＊traditionally adv.传统地
（P103）They're part of our tradition.
它们是我们传统的一部分。
知识拓展
It's a tradition that ... ……是一个传统
It is a tradition for sb to do sth. 某人做某事是一种传统。
图解释义
During the Mid-Autumn Festival, it is a tradition for Chinese to sit together and eat mooncakes and fruits, enjoying the moon together.
中秋节期间，中国人坐在一起吃月饼、水果和赏月是一种传统。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）____________ （traditional） in China, children must respect and obey their
parents and teachers.
Traditionally
（2）It is ___ tradition to sweep tomb on Tomb Sweeping Day.
a
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）（2023·安徽合肥一中月考）Now that __________________________________,
I thought this festival would be a worthwhile experience for you.
既然你对中国传统文化感兴趣，那么我认为这个节日对你而言将是一次值得的经历。
you are interested in traditional Chinese culture
知识点5 account n.描述；报道；（银行）账户；账目；解释；说明 vt.认为是；视为
（P52）Read the three readers' accounts.
读三位读者的描述。
知识拓展
account for 说明（原因等）；做出解释；占……（比例）
on account of 由于；因为
on any account 无论如何
on no account 绝不
take account of/take...into account=take...into consideration 考虑到……
经典佳句
The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class.
教授警告学生们,在他的课上绝不允许使用手机。
名师点拨
on no account位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。类似用法的词还有by no means、 in no way、 on no condition、 at no time等。
融会应用
Ⅰ.选词填空
account for；take account of；on no account； on account of
（1）At first he hesitated ______________ the expense.
on account of
（2）The judge should _______________ the age of the accused.
take account of
（3）You should ______________ tell him， for it's a secret.
on no account
（4）We must ___________ every penny we spend on business trips.
account for
Ⅱ.一句多译
（5）我真诚地希望你考虑我的建议。
→I sincerely hope that you will ______________________________.（take...into
account）
→I sincerely hope that you will ______________________________.（consider）
→I sincerely hope that you will ___________________________________.
（consideration）
→I sincerely hope that you will _____________________________.（take account of）
take my suggestions into account
consider my suggestions carefully
take my suggestions into consideration
take account of my suggestions
知识点6 attach vt.贴；固定；附上＊attachment n.附件；依恋
＊attached adj.依恋的；附属于
（P52）Next，the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door.
接着，汉字“福”被倒着贴在我们的前门上。
知识拓展
attach sth to... 把某物连接到/固定在/附在……上
attach importance/significance to... 重视；认为……重要/有意义
be attached to 附属于；爱慕
an attached school 附属学校
图解释义
Each family writes couplets on red paper and then attaches them to the door to welcome the arrival of the Spring Festival.
每家人用红纸写好对联，然后贴在门上，迎接春节的到来。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）_______（attach） a recent photograph to your application form before handing
it in.
Attach
（2）I attach great significance ___ the summit meeting.
to
（3）This hospital is ________（attach） to Peking University nearby.
attached
（4）Emma had never taken herself as a crane and become deeply ________（attach）
to humans.
attached
知识点7 surround vt.环绕；围绕＊surrounding adj.周围的；附近的 ＊surroundings n.周围的事物；环境
（P53）Every year，the moment I get on the train，I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—I know that I am heading home to my family.
每年，我一坐上火车，就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了回家的路。
知识拓展
surround sb/sth with... 用……包围某人/某物
be surrounded by/with... 被……包围/环绕
surround oneself with... 喜欢结交（某类人）；喜欢身边总有（某类东西）
经典佳句
As a famous pop star，he loves being surrounded by so many fans coming to visit him from the surrounding towns. And he also likes beautiful surroundings with green trees and flowers，because he can get much more pleasure from nature.
作为一名有名的流行歌手，他喜欢被这么多从周围城镇来看他的歌迷包围。他也喜欢有着绿树和鲜花的优美环境，因为他可以从大自然中获得更多的快乐。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）People say it is Canada's most beautiful city，___________ （surround） by
mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
surrounded
（2）He loves to surround himself _____ his family and friends.
with
（3）I'd like to bring up my child in healthy ____________（surround）.
surroundings
（4）And don't forget: we ______________ （surround） by a natural playground
just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling.
are surrounded
Ⅱ.同义句改写
（5）The Swiss can feel secure because they are surrounded by Europe.
→______________________________________________（动词-ed形式作原因状语）
Surrounded by Europe， the Swiss can feel secure.
短 语 句 式
知识点8 come to an end 结束
（P51）Amid the boom of firecrackers a year has come to an end,and the spring wind has wafted warm breath to the wine.
爆竹声中一岁除,春风送暖入屠苏。
知识拓展
bring an end to sth=bring sth to an end 使……结束
put an end to sth 结束；消除
in the end 最终；终于
end in 以……告终；结果是……
end up with 以……结束
经典佳句
All good things must come to an end.
天下无不散之筵席。
名师点拨
come to an end是不及物动词短语，后面不能接宾语；接宾语时需用bring sth to an end或put/bring an end to sth。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）The discussion finally came to ____ end.
an
（2）The exploration ended ___ failure.
in
Ⅱ.同义句改写
The meeting was at an end.
（3）___________________________（come）
The meeting came to an end.
（4）________________________________（bring）
We brought the meeting to an end.
（5）_____________________________（put）
We put an end to the meeting.
知识点9 put up 修建；举起；提供膳宿；张贴
（P52）to put up decorations
悬挂装饰品
知识拓展
put up with 容忍；忍受
put off 推迟；延期
put down 写下；记下；放下
put away 把……收起；放好；把钱、物等储存起来
put on 穿上；增加（体重等）
融会应用 单句写作
（1）I have to ____________ my cat's fur all over the house.
我必须忍受满屋子的猫毛。
put up with
（2）Just because of the rain， the sports meeting ____________.
正是因为下雨运动会才延期的。
was put off
（3）I only ___________________ that might be a danger to a child.
我只是把可能对孩子造成危险的东西收了起来。
put away the things
经典佳句
On Christmas Eve,we put up some balloons to add to the festival atmosphere.
在平安夜,我们挂起了一些气球来增加节日的气氛。
知识点10 let off 放（枪、花炮等）；使某物爆炸
（P52）Fireworks were being let off across the city...
整个城市都在放烟花……
知识拓展
let out 放出；泄露；发出（声音）
let sb down 使某人失望
let in 让……进来；放入
let alone 更不用说
let...alone 不打扰；让……单独留下
融会应用 单句写作
（1）I'm afraid she____________ badly.
很遗憾，她让我们大失所望。
let us down
（2）The boys were __________ fireworks.
那些男孩在放烟花。
letting off
（3）With each bump of the car he _____________ a giggle of delight.
汽车的每一次颠簸都让他发出咯咯的笑声。
would let out
经典佳句
The terrorists tried to let off a bomb near the building, but they failed.
恐怖分子妄图在这栋楼房附近引爆一枚炸弹，但他们失败了。
知识点11 scare...away 把……吓跑
（P52）Mrs Chen said that it was to scare away the monster Nian.
陈太太说这是为了吓跑怪兽“年”。
知识拓展
scare sb off 把某人吓退
scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事
be scared of doing... 不敢做……
be scared to do... 害怕做……
be scared that... 害怕……
be scared to death 吓得要命
a scary movie 恐怖电影
经典佳句
The little girl is scared of going across the bridge because she is scared to fall into the river.
小女孩害怕过桥，因为她害怕掉进河里。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）She tries to scare the child_____ behaving well.
into
（2）She was scared to ______（die） to wait for the result of her examination in
the middle of June.
death
（3）The little girl was scared ______（go） out alone in the evening.
to go
知识点12 It is believed that...
（P52）It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives.
人们认为当“福”颠倒的时候,幸福就到了。
知识拓展
（1）句中It is believed that...意为“人们认为……”，类似结构还有:
It's said that ... 据说……
It's thought that ... 大家认为……
It's reported that ... 据报道……
It's hoped that ... 大家希望……
（2）以上结构可以改为下列两种简单句形式:
·Sb/Sth+be+believed/said/thought/reported to do sth
·People/Sb+believe/say/think/report/...+that ...
（3）在“Sb/Sth+be+believed/said/thought/reported to do sth”结构中，若动词不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就用动词不定式的完成式；若强调的动作正在进行，则用动词不定式的进行式；若动词不定式所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作（几乎）同时发生或即将发生，则用动词不定式的一般式。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句写作
（1）The professor ________________________ in carrying out this experiment.
据说这位教授已经成功地完成了这项实验。
is said to have succeeded
（2）________________ the way people spend their holidays has changed a great
deal in the past ten years.
据报道，在过去的十年里，人们度假的方式发生了很大的变化。
It's reported that
Ⅱ.同义句转换
（3）It is believed that education is the most important issue facing the government.
→Education ________________ the most important issue facing the government.
is believed to be
知识点13 as引导原因状语从句
（P53）I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival，as train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible.
我通常在春节前几周就开始计划我的山西回家之旅,因为火车票或飞机票必须尽早预订。
知识拓展
句中的as作连词,表示原因。
（1）as作为从属连词，可以引导下列从句
①引导时间状语从句，意为“正当……的时候；一边……一边……；随着……”，从句可放主句之前或主句之后。
②引导方式状语从句，意为“如同；按照……的方式/样子/办法”，其引导的从句常跟在主句之后。
③引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”，多在主句之前，且多用倒装。（应将从句中作主要成分的形容词、副词、原形动词、不加冠词的单数名词置于as前面）。
④引导比较状语从句，意为“和……一样/不一样”，表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词 （意为“那么；如此”），第二个as为连词 （引导的比较状语从句常用省略形式）。其基本结构为“as+adj./adv.+as”。
（2）as作为关系代词引导定语从句，既可以单独使用，也可以与其他词连用，其用法要比that和which更为复杂，而且as在定语从句中可以充当多种成分，可以指人也可以指物。
（3）as作为介词时，表示“好像；作为；当作”。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）_________________，he felt himself getting more and more tired.
当他往前走时，他感到自己越来越疲惫。
As he walked on
（2）Difficult________，we should not give it up.
虽然很难，但我们不应该放弃。
as it is
（3）This film is_______________ that one.
这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。
as interesting as
知识点14 the moment引导时间状语从句
（P53）Every year,the moment I get on the train,I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—I know that I am heading home to my family.
每年,我一坐上火车,就会被山西方言包围,我意识到我踏上了回家的路。
（1）the minute/second/instant
（2）immediately/directly/instantly
（3）hardly...when.../no sooner...than...
（4）as soon as...
（5）on+n./doing...
知识拓展
“一……就……”的表达方式还有：
融会应用 单句填空
（1）I went home ________ （direct）I had finished work.
directly
（2）No sooner had he arrived _____ he fell sick.
than
（3）They were presented with flowers on ______________（arrive） at the airport.
arrival/arriving
知识点15 动词-ing形式作伴随状语
（P53）Our grandchildren run around shouting and playing, and the adults gather around the table to talk about the past year.
我们的孙子（女）们跑来跑去,边喊边玩,大人们围坐在桌旁谈论着过去的一年。
知识拓展
句中shouting and playing是动词-ing形式作伴随状语。
动词-ing形式作伴随状语，表示伴随情况，翻译时一般译成并列复合句。
He made the boy sit there， promising they would not hurt him.
他让那个男孩坐在那儿，并保证他们不会伤害他。
Last night，Mike made a call to me， saying sorry for his absence from my wedding ceremony.
昨晚，Mike给我打了个电话，对缺席我的婚礼表示歉意。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）The children walked out of the classroom，______________________________
（欢快地谈笑着）.
laughing and talking merrily/happily
（2）Mr Parkinson stood up and left the room， __________________________（关
上了身后的门）.
closing the door behind him
（3）There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the
grassland， ______________________（凝视着夜空）.
staring at the night sky
被 动 语 态
自主探究
阅读下列句子，并注意黑体部分的用法。
1.Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family.
2.First， the house was cleaned from top to bottom.
3.Fireworks were being let off across the city.
4.The night sky was lighted up by them.
5.I am surrounded by Shanxi accents.
6.Great fun is also enjoyed in the kitchen as jiaozi are being made.
我的发现
以上各句均为被动语态。其中第1、5、6句为__________________的被动语态，
具体结构是am/is/are done；第2、4句为____________的被动语态，具体结构是
______________；第3句中为____________的被动语态，具体结构是was/were being
done；第6句中还有____________的被动语态，具体结构是am/is/are being done。
一般现在时
一般过去时
was/were done
过去进行时
现在进行时
探究点1 各种时态的被动语态的构成
时态 动词的被动形式 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are done He is asked to do this.
一般过去时 was/were done The story was told by her mother.
一般将来时 will be done The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
现在进行时 am/is/are being done The bridge is being built.
过去进行时 was/were being done At that time the desk was being repaired.
现在完成时 have/has been done The house has been built.
过去完成时 had been done They said that their work had been finished.
过去将来时 would be done He said the trees would be planted soon.
探究点2 被动语态的特殊结构
1.含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词+be+动词-ed形式。
Something must be done to stop the water from being polluted.
必须采取措施来防止水受到污染。
2.有些动词可以跟间接宾语和直接宾语，变为被动语态时，通常把间接宾语变为主语；如果把直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。
My mother bought me a nice gift.
妈妈给我买了一个漂亮的礼物。
→I was bought a nice gift by my mother.
→A nice gift was bought for me by my mother.
3.“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，要将宾语变为被动结构中的主语。
The teacher caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
老师发现这个男孩在吸烟。
→The boy was caught smoking a cigarette by the teacher.
4.使役动词have、 make与感官动词see、watch、notice、 hear等后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，当变为被动语态时，要将to还原。
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
有人看见一个陌生人走进了这栋楼。
→A stranger was seen to walk into the building by someone.
探究点3 主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词，如break、 catch、 clean、 drive、 lock、 open、 sell、 read、 write、 wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表示被动意义,主语通常是物。
This kind of cloth washes well.
这种布料很好洗。
2.表示“发生；进行”的不及物动词和短语，如happen、 last、 take place、 break out、 come out、 come about、 come true、 run out、 give out、 turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
How do the newspapers come out
这些报纸是如何出版的呢？
3.系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词（feel、 sound、 taste等）在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
Your explanation sounds reasonable.
你的解释听起来有道理。
4.有些非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
（1）动词need、 require、 want和be worth后用动词-ing主动形式表示被动意义。
The garden needs watering.
花园需要浇水。
This film is really worth seeing.
这部电影的确值得看。
（2）在“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”结构中，句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的动宾关系，且形容词表示主语的特征或性质，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有easy、hard、difficult、important、impossible、interesting、heavy等。
The question is difficult to answer.
这个问题很难回答。
Do you think the water is safe to drink
你认为这水喝着安全吗？
（3）不定式和它所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式表示被动含义。
I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.
今天下午我有很多事情要做。
Ⅰ.单句填空
1._________（instant）he saw me，he held out his hands.
Instantly
2.____ a party member，I'll take the lead in everything.
As
3.Foxes started coming in from the ___________（surround） countryside.
surrounding
4.He was _______（scare） to cross the rickety （不稳固的） bridge.
scared
5.He hasn't enough money for food，let ______ amusements.
alone
6.Much importance is attached ___ the development of the individual self.
to
7.He could not account ____ his absence from school.
for
8.Make sure that you put ______ every word she says.
down
9.I hope we have brought an end ___ our arguments.
to
10.We must offer our ______________（congratulate） to the happy couple.
congratulations
Ⅱ.选词填空
sweep away；light up；put up；come to an end；let off；tens of thousands of；
upside down；scare...away；at war；up to
1.The cafe owner has _______ the required “no smoking” sign.
put up
2.They must have known what their father was ______.
up to
3.The fight between the two countries finally _______________.
came to an end
4.____________________ men have travelled southwards to find work.
Tens of thousands of
5.A resident of his neighbourhood had _______fireworks to celebrate the festival.
let off
6.He ____________ the dust from the door.
swept away
7.The country has been _______ with its neighbour for two years.
at war
8.Should I tell him how I feel, or would that ______him ______
scare
away
9.If I were a lamp, it would be my duty to ________thick darkness.
light up
10.If I stand on my head, I will see everything ____________.
upside down
Ⅲ.单句写作
1.________________________，he will not attain his goal.
他无论怎样努力都达不到目标。
However hard he may try
2.Tell him I need to see him ___________________________.
告诉他，他一到我就要见他。
the minute/moment he arrives
3.This is a house _____________________________.
这是一栋被花草树木环绕的房子。
surrounded by trees and flowers
4.His face was pale and he looked _______________.
他脸色苍白，看起来吓得要死。
scared to death
5._________________ I make an apology to him.
我决不向他道歉。
On no account do
Ⅳ.语法填空
This is the third time I 1.__________（be） here. All visitors to this town
2.___________ （treat） with kindness. It took me a long time before I was able to
fully appreciate what they 3._________（do） for me. The town life I was used to
4.____________（change） greatly since 1992.People are recycling many things which
they 5.____________________________ （throw） away in the past. The Town Hall
6.__________（complete） in the 1800's was the most distinguished building at that
time. Great changes 7.___________（take） place in the city and a lot of factories
8._____________（set） up. The church tower which 9.________________（restore）
will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost 10.________（finish）.
have been
are treated
had done
has changed
would/could/might have thrown
completed
have taken
have been set
is being restored
finished
