外研版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature Using language课件(共102张PPT)

(共102张PPT)
Unit 5 Revealing nature
Section B
Using language
课前预习
知识体系图解
一、重点词汇
1.______________ n.特征，特性
2.______________ v.减少
3.______________ v.责怪，指责；把……归咎于
characteristic
decline
blame
4. goat n. __________________________
5. primitive adj.______________________
6. giant adj. ________________________
山羊
原始的，低等的
巨大的，特大的
二、重点短语
1. be native to _____________________
2. in the end ______________________
3. be home to _____________________
4. by contrast _____________________
5. up to __________________________
源于…的，原产于…
最后
是……的栖息地
相比之下
多达　
6. 研究 _____________________________
7. 被归咎于 _________________________
8. 对……有害________________________
9. 击退 ______________________________
10. 实施；执行；开展 __________________
do research on
be blamed on
be harmful to
fight off
carry out
三、重点句式
Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.
四、重点语法
过去完成时
释义搭配
1.characteristic　
2.decline
3.blame
4.goat
5.primitive
A. belonging to an early stage in the development of humans or animals
B. to think or say that sb/sth is responsible for sth bad
C. to become smaller，fewer，weaker，etc.
D. a typical feature or quality that sth/sb has
E. an animal with horns and a coat of hair
用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1. It was the second time that Mr Brown _____________ (visit) Tian′anmen Square.
2. By the end of last month，we ____________________ (learn) 3,000 English words.
had visited
had learned/learnt
3. By the time I got to the airport，my friend′s plane ____ __________ (take) off.
4. Before they _____________ (arrive) there the film had already started.
5. He said he ____________ (work) in that factory since 1949.
had taken
arrived　
had worked
课文呈现
Using language
■
Past perfect
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions .
1
a Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor，...
b Many people refused to believe that living things， including humans，had evolved from lower forms of life.
1 In sentence (a)，which action happened first，“suspected” or “evolved from a common ancestor”
2 In sentence (b)，which action happened first，“refused to believe”or“evolved from lower forms of life”
3 What does the structure had done indicate
Now look for more sentences with the past perfect tense in there reading passage，and summarise its use in your own words.
Complete the paragraphs with the information from the given sentences. The sentences are in the order in which they happened. They can help you to decide the use of tenses.
2
1 a Natural disasters led to food shortages in the 1960s.
b Yuan Longping began to do research on hybrid rice.
c Yuan Longping developed a better type of rice.
Yuan Longping 1_________ to do research on hybrid rice because natural disasters 2____________ food shortages in the 1960s. In the end，he 3_________ a better type of rice.
began
had led to
developed
2 a Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.
b Gregor Mendel made important discoveries about
genetics.
c Gregor Mendel died in 1884.
Gregor Mendel 4________ study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control. By the time of his death in 1884，he 5 _______ important discoveries about genetics.
chose to
had made
Complete the online encyclopaedia entry with the correct form of the words in the box.
3
compete decline eat
live introduce arrive
Lonesome George
Lonesome George was the last Pinta Island tortoise. He died in 2012. After George′s death，the Pinta Island tortoise was declared extinct.
The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans. Before humans 1_______ on the island，the species 2_________ in isolation and 3________ the plants that naturally grew there.
compete decline eat
live introduce arrive
arrived
had lived
eaten
George was discovered many years after their arrival，and by the humans 4________________ new species that 5____________ for the food the tortoises ate. After goats in particular had been brought to the island，the Pinta Island tortoise population 6_____________. Eventually，only George remained.
compete decline eat
live introduce arrive
had introduced
competed
declined
Work in pairs. Act out a role-play using the information in Activity 3. One of you will play the keeper of Lonesome George, and the other will play the reporter asking about George. Use the past perfect tense where appropriate.
4
Biodiversity
Listen to the podcast and choose the statements that are made.
5
1 Biodiversity is important.
2 Bacteria are always harmful to humans.
3 Some species of bacteria are used in food production.
4 Many species of bacteria recycle dead organic matter.
5 Our immune systems are able to fight off all germs.
Listen again and complete the fact sheet.
6
Cells
Every living thing is 1___________. They are like. 2___________.
In the human body there are about 3___________ human cells and around 4___________ bacteria cells.
Bacteria
Most bacteria in the human body can 5___________.
In the food production process，bacteria can 6_______ dead organic matter.
Now work in pairs. Discuss what you know about cells and bacteria.
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the podcast.
7
Do you know about... Have you heard of...
By the way， ... In fact，...
Actually，... Speaking of which，...
Checking background knowledge
Adding information
Read the passage and answer the questions.
8
Earth is home to millions of different species. Some can be very small，like bacteria and viruses, which are so small that we cannot see them with only our eyes By contrast，the largest animal species so far found on our planet is the blue whale，which can grow up to almost 30 metres in length and weigh over 130.000 kilos.
The toughest species is probably the water bear. This tiny organism can survive temperatures from 150 ℃ to a below freezing － 272 ℃. To best survive in their environment，each species has developed its own unique physical characteristics.
Each year，scientists identify around15.000 new species. However，diversity on our planet is such，that there are still millions of species on Earth remaining to be discovered.
1 What species are mentioned and what is special about them
2 What other unusual life forms do you know of
Complete the paragraphs with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.
9
ancestor scientific be native to primitive habitat appearance be home to ecosystem
ancestor scientific be native to primitive habitat appearance be home to ecosystem
The Galápagos Islands are renowned worldwide for their unique biodiversity. The Giant Tortoise Reserve on Santa Cruz 1__________ several species of giant tortoise that 2__________ the Galápagos Islands.

is home to
are native to
ancestor scientific be native to primitive habitat appearance be home to ecosystem
The island is also home to the Charles Darwin Research Station，where 3__________ studies are carried out.

scientific
ancestor scientific be native to primitive habitat appearance be home to ecosystem
Mangroves are one of the coastal plants that grow on Isabela. They serve as the 4_____________ for various birds and fish，and are very important to the 5__________.

habitats
ecosystem
ancestor scientific be native to primitive habitat appearance be home to ecosystem
Iguanas can be found on San Cristóbal. They have a very special 6____________，with comb-like spines on their back.

appearance
ancestor scientific be native to primitive habitat appearance be home to ecosystem
There is evidence that all the different iguanas have developed from more 7__________ ones and share a common 8___________.

primitive
ancestor
Work in pairs. Look at the pictures of the species native to different regions of China. Talk about biodiversity in China using the words and expressions in this section. Do online research to find more information.
10
Now talk about what methods you used to collect the information pare your methods with your partner′s and think about which methods are more efficient.
考点精讲
重点词汇
1. Gregor Mendal chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.
乔治·孟德尔选择研究豌豆植物是因为它们的特性易于控制。
【词汇精讲】
characteristic 为可数名词，意为“特征，特性”。
Eg. Some animals possess the characteristics of man.
有些动物具有人类的特征。
The two species have several characteristics in common.
这两个物种有几个共同的特征。
【词汇拓展】
characteristic adj.典型的；特有的；表示特性的
characteristically adv.典型地；表示特性地
character n.性格；品质；特性；角色
Eg. She spoke with characteristic enthusiasm.
她说话带着特有的热情。
He does have the characteristically broad chin and a big nose.
他的宽下巴和大鼻子确实很突出。
【迁移应用】
一、完成句子
(1) 你的角色要做什么
What does your____________ do
(2) 他的说理方式也是特有的简洁。
His line of argument is also ______________ simplistic.
character
characteristically
(3) 概括介绍我们整合的每一种云的特征。
There is an outline of each cloud′s ____________ we integrated.
characteristic
2. The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.
平塔岛龟的灭绝被归咎于人类。
【词汇精讲】
blame 为动词，意为“把……归咎于，责怪”，作名词时，意为“责备，责怪”。
Eg. The government has been widely blamed for the crisis.
政府因这次危机受到广泛指责。
The company refused to accept any blame for the damage.
这家公司拒绝为损害承担任何责任。
【词汇拓展】
be to blame for 为……负责任
blameless adj.清白的；无可责备的;无过失的
blame sb for sth 因某事责备某人
blame sth on sb 把…怪到…头上，把责任归咎于某人
take the blame for 为……承担责任
Eg. A spokesman said that bad weather was to blame for the delay.
发言人称，延误是由糟糕的天气造成的。
I′ll take the blame for the failure of the project because I am in charge.
我将为这个项目的失败承担责任，因为我是负责人。
【迁移应用】
一、单句语法填空
(1) You can hardly blame Peter __________ being angry with him.
(2) No lie was found in their mouths；they were ________ (blame).
for
blameless
(3) Whenever something goes wrong，everyone blames it ______ me.
on
3. After goats in particular had been brought to the island，the Pinta Island tortoise population declined.
特别是山羊被带到岛上之后，平塔岛龟的数量下降了。
【词汇精讲】
句中的 decline 为动词，意为“减少”，此外，还表示“衰落，衰败；婉言谢绝，拒绝”。decline 作名词，意为“减少；下降；衰落”。
Eg. As one grows older，his memory declines.
人的记忆力随着年龄的增长而衰退。
There has been a sharp decline in profits this year.
今年的利润大幅度下降。
【词汇拓展】
in decline 在衰退中
on the decline 在衰退中，走下坡路
fall into decline 衰落
decline to do sth 拒绝做某事
decline from...to... 从……下降到……
Eg. He declined to answer my questions.
他拒绝回答我的问题。
The fact is，their economy did not fall into decline overnight.
事实是，他们的经济衰退也不是一夜之间的事。
These numbers have been on the decline for decades.
近几十年来，这些数字都在减少。
【迁移应用】
一、完成句子
(1) I _____________________ (拒绝讨论) my dealings with him or anyone.
(2) By that point，popular interest in the Amazon was __________________ (在衰退).
decline(d)to discuss
on the decline
(3) The intense competition from overseas has caused the textile industry to __________________ (衰落).
fall into decline
4. This tiny organism can survive temperatures from 150 ℃ to a below freezing－272 ℃.
这种微小的生物可以在150 ℃到零下272 ℃的温度下生存。
【词汇精讲】
survive为及物动词，意为“幸存；艰难度过”；作不及物动词时，意为“幸存，活下来”。
Eg. These birds are able to survive the freezing weather.
这些鸟能够战胜寒冷的天气。
The urge to survive drove them on.
求生的欲望驱使他们继续努力。
【词汇拓展】
survive sth 从……中幸存下来
survive on sth 靠……存活下来
survive sb by ...比某人活得长……
survivor n.幸存者；生还者
survival n.幸存
Eg. They survived on leaves when they were lost.
他们迷路时靠吃树叶生存。
She survived her husband by 15 years.
她比她丈夫多活了15年。
【迁移应用】
一、单句语法填空
(1) Officials said there were no____________ (survive) in the plane crash.
(2) The ____________ (survive) from the disaster made him live another six years.
survivors
survival
(3) After the traffic accident，no one __________ (survive) except a few people who were badly injured.
survived
重点句式
Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.
乔治·孟德尔选择研究豌豆植物是因为它们的特性易于控制。
【句式剖析】
本句中 their characteristics were easy to control 为“主语＋be＋adj. ＋动词不定式”结构，其中动词不定式与主语存在动宾关系。
Eg. Our model is easy to operate and maintain.
我们这个型号(的机器)易于操作和保养。
【句式拓展】
“主语＋be＋adj. ＋动词不定式”结构的用法：
(1)用于该句型的形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词，如hard，difficult，pleasant，easy，comfortable，interesting等；
Eg. As the old saying goes，flowers are pleasant to look at but hard to grow.
正如俗话所说，看花容易栽花难。
(2) 动词不定式和句子主语在逻辑上为动宾关系，但不定式用主动形式表示被动意义；当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，要加上适当的介词；
Eg. This village is really comfortable to live in.
在这个村子生活真的很舒适。
(3) 不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语，并由 for 引出；
Eg. The long sentence is difficult for you to remember.
这个长句对你来说很难记。
【迁移应用】
一、单句语法填空
(1) This new machine is very easy ___________ (operate).
(2) The question is not very hard for him _____________ (answer) in a short time.
to operate
to answer
(3) Take care! The thin ice is dangerous to skate _________.
(4) The room is too small and it is not fit to work_________.
on
in
重点语法
过去完成时
1. 过去完成时表示过去的过去，其构成形式是“had＋过去分词”。
2.用法
(1)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。 它表示的时间是过去的过去，常与 by last year，by the time of 等连用。
He had gone to bed by 10:00 last night.
昨晚十点钟之前他已经上床睡觉了。
(2) 表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for (后跟过去的时间段)或since (后跟过去的时间点)等连用。
Eg. The train had started when I got to the station.
当我到达车站时火车已经开走了。
The minute I saw a lady getting off the bus，I knew it was she，for I had seen her before.
我一看到正在下公共汽车的那位女士就知道是她，因为我以前见过她。
3.常见结构
(1) By the end of＋名词(短语)，主语＋had done...
(2) 主句(had done)，before＋过去时间状语
Eg. I had reached the station before six o′clock.
六点钟之前我已到达车站。
(3) 用在told，said，knew，heard，thought 等动词后的宾语从句，表示动作发生在这些动词之前。
Eg. She said that she had never been to Paris.
她说她从未去过巴黎。
(4) By the time ＋从句(did/was/were)，主语＋ had done...
Eg. By the time we arrived，everyone had received medical care.
我们到达时，每个人都已接受了医疗护理。
(5) 主语＋had done...，before 从句(did/was/were)
Eg. Fortunately，the people had left the village before the volcano erupted.
幸运的是，火山喷发前人们就已经离开了村庄。
(6) 主语＋had done...，when 从句 (did/was/were)
Eg. They had already put the fire out when I returned to the village.
当我返回村子时，他们已将大火扑灭。
(7) 主语＋ (did/was/were)，after 从句 (had done)
Eg. The earthquake happened in the daytime after people had already left home for work or school.
地震发生在白天，当时人们已离开家去上班或上学了。
(8)用在 hardly (scarcely，barely) ...when...，no sooner ... than... 句型中
Eg. Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.
我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。
(9) 用在 It/This/That was the first/...time＋that 从句 (had done) 中
Eg. It was the third time that he had made the same mistake.
这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。
(10) 用在 It was/had been ＋一段时间＋ since 从句 (had done)中
Eg. It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
我们十年都没这么高兴了。
(11) Hope，plan，mean，expect，intend，suppose，want，think 等动词有时用过去完成时表示一个本来打算做而未做，或曾经设想而未实现的事
Eg. They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
他们本想帮忙，但未及时赶到那儿。
I had thought that he had died at least twenty years ago.
我原以为他至少二十年前就死了。
(12) 用于表示与过去事实相反的 if 虚拟条件句中
Eg. If she had seen you yesterday，she would have told you the truth.
如果她昨天见过你，她就会告诉你事实的真相了。
(13) 用在 wish 后的宾语从句中，表示与过去事实相反
Eg. I wished that he hadn′t made such a mistake.
我希望他从未犯过这样的错误。
随堂练习
一、单词拼写
1. His c____________ is very different from his wife′s.
2. Many wonderful British species have d__________ catastrophically over the past century.
characteristic
declined
3. I think of her gift of forgiveness every time I′m tempted to b_________ someone in a secret for something recognized as wrong.
4. There are many animals including pigs，hens，_______ (山羊) and ducks on the farm and a pub just a 10-minute stroll away
blame
goats
5. A p___________ way of making a fire is by rubbing two stones together.
primitive
二、翻译句子
1. 我们到的时候，其他客人都已经在那儿了。(by the time) _______________________________________
______________________________________________
2. 他刚开始说话，观众就打断了他。(no sooner...than)
_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________
By the time we arrived，the other guests had already been there.
No sooner had he begun to speak than the audience interrupted him.
3.相比较而言，春季和秋季库存通常会增长。(by contrast)
_________________________________________________
4.晚会的费用总计超过了500美元。(add up to)
_________________________________________________
In autumn and spring，by contrast，stocks usually rise.
The cost of the party adds up to more than 500 dollars.
三、语法填空
In the United States over 25 percent of senior citizens (people over 65) live alone. Without friends and family nearby，seniors are at the risk of 1.___________ (have) depression (抑郁).
Many communities are trying to deal with this problem.
having
Providence Mount St.Vincent，a retirement home (退休疗养院) near Seattle，Washington，has 2.__________ (recent) run a program. Over 400 senior citizens live at Providence Mount St. Vincent，and over 40 children from a few months old 3._________ age five go to day care there. The children spend the day there with the senior citizens while 4._______ (worker) look on.
recently
to
workers
The program has clear advantages. For the older people，their social life improves (改善)；they read to and play games with the children，and encourage 5._________ (they) to do other activities. This makes the seniors feel 6. _______ (use) and happy，and if they feel happy，their health may improve.
them
useful
The children also get a lot from the program. They have 7.__________ patient group of people to play with in a safe environment. Some of the older people 8.__________ (be) disabled，and staying with them helps children learn 9.__________ (be) more understanding of people with disabilities.
a
are
to be
Now，there are many programs like the one at Providence Mount St.Vincent.10.__________ is believed that even if the very young and the very old don′t have a shared past or future，their shared present can be perfect.
It
本课结束
This lesson is over
THANKS!