2024年高考二轮复习英语专题突破题型二：　阅读七选五 第二节　理清思路巧解题 课件 (共62张PPT)

(共62张PPT)
题型二　阅读七选五
第二节　理清思路巧解题
一、 根据设空位置解题
出题者常采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式。句子在段落的位置
不同，所起的作用也不同。出题者正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空
上下文的提示作用，来考查学生的逻辑思维能力。
1　段首设空题
（1） 把握相似形式，确定段落标题句
如果设空处是段落小标题，句子通常简短精练，以祈使句为主。这
时候先观察其他段落小标题的表达形式，缩小范围，然后阅读段落内
容，提炼中心词。
典例分析1
（2023·全国甲卷节选）
· 　　　　
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we
will tolerate， and when we experience something outside of our comfort
zone， we get impatient with the circumstances. You should learn to say to
yourself， “This is merely uncomfortable， not intolerable.” You’ll then
gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
[思路点拨] 分析文章结构和空处所在的位置可知，空处是本段的小标
题。本段提到了“舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态”，结合下文内容可
知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，选项C符合语境。
[答案]
C　
　　（2） 根据内容一致，确定段落主题句
若考查段落主题句，空格处所填句子需要总领下文，与下文内容保
持一致。段首的主题句还可能是过渡句，该句子承上启下（尤其与上一
段段尾关系紧密）。
做题时总结提炼下文的中心内容，所选句子必须高度概括段落内
容。有时候也可以利用本段同义词或相关词语，确定相关信息词。
典例分析2
（2022·浙江卷节选） 　　　　 Texting， online messaging， live
chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly producing
written messages. However， because they are usually writing to family
members and friends， they use informal language most of the time.
A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
...
E. You write “Hi， Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.
F. As technology develops， young people are writing more than they ever
have.
[思路点拨] 设空处为段落主题句。根据下文可知，发短信、在线信息发
送、玩电子游戏时实时聊天都意味着他们不断地产生书写内容，也就是
说，科技的发展让人们的写作变得更普遍。选项F符合语境。
[答案]
F　
2　段中设空题
段中设空题在七选五中考查最多，解题关键是空格前后的逻辑关系
及内容的连贯性，注意各句间的衔接手段。考查的上下文之间的关系主
要有总分关系、解释关系、例证关系、转折关系、递进关系、因果关系
和并列关系。
（1） 总分关系
七选五的文章常常采用“总—分”或“总—分—总”的结构。第一
段说明事情的主题，下面几段从不同角度说明问题，最后总结，各段之
间多是平行关系。考生可利用语篇结构特点来解题。有时候句中也会出
现一些总结类的词，如in short、 in brief、 in summary、 generally
speaking、 in general、 to conclude、 in conclusion、 in a word、 on the
whole、 to sum up等。
典例分析3
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant being a
pioneer. 　　　　We slept in a tent， cooked over an open fire， and
walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief
visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work， making me
recover from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food
poisoning.
C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.
...
F. After the trip， my family became quite interested in camping.
[思路点拨] 分析可知，本题考查总分关系。根据下文的描述“We slept
in a tent， cooked over an open fire， and walked a long distance to take the
shower and use the bathroom.”可知，这次野营比较艰难，设空处是总体
评价，后面是对这次野营的详细描述。选项C符合语境。
[答案]
　　（2） 解释关系
解释关系指的是某句对某一论点或观点加以解释。表示解释关
系的词有in fact、 as a matter of fact、 actually、 in other words、
that is to say等。
C　
典例分析4
　　（2023·全国乙卷节选）Aloe vera， peace lilies and spider plants are
some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from
supermarkets， garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper
than full-grown ones， and you get to care for them as they mature—which
is part of the joy of owning plants. “ 　　　　，” Spoelstra says. “It can
bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link
between home and nature.”
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
[思路点拨] 根据下文“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s
lives and help ...”可知，空处应是讲某种行为有益处。由此可知，选项
G能够引起下文，下文具体解释了了解每种植物的需求的好处。
[答案]
　　（3） 例证关系
例证关系指某句是为了证明某个观点或论点而举的例子。表示例证
关系的词有for example、 for instance等。
G　
典例分析5
（2023·全国甲卷节选）And the only way for us to get into the habit of
waiting is to practise. 　　　　　. Put off watching your favourite show
until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll
soon find that the more patience you practice， the more you start to apply it
to other， more annoying situations.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
[思路点拨] 根据下文“Put off watching your favourite show until the
weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.”可知，后文
列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故选项B符
合语境。
[答案]
　　（4） 转折关系
转折关系指的是行文中后句对前句构成逻辑上的转折关系。表示转
折关系的词有however、 but、 while、 instead、 nevertheless、 still、
yet、 on the contrary、 in contrast等。
B　
典例分析6
（2023·山西省太原市二模节选）Don’t tell your professor what to say.
This one is a little tricky， because it seems to contradict the tip
above. 　　　　， but avoid telling him exactly what to write. Professors
know how to pen an effective letter of recommendation well.
B. Expose a real yourself accordingly
C. Maintain a good relationship with them
D. And the chances are you aren’t the only one asking
E. Give the professor a broad outline of your request
[思路点拨] 根据下文中的but可判断，空处和下文之间为转折关系，下文
说明不要告诉他具体该写什么。由此可推知，空处应表示给教授一个粗
略的内容大纲。选项E符合语境。
[答案]
E　
　　（5） 递进关系
递进关系主要指行文中前后句在某种意义上关系更进一层。文中有
时候会出现even、 besides、 further、 furthermore、 moreover、 what’s
more、 in addition、 as well、 to make matters worse、 “not ...but ...”
“not only ...but also ...”等线索，但是更多的时候要根据上下文的语境
进行判断。
典例分析7
（2023·浙江卷节选）Plan ahead. Most tickets for long-distance
trains， especially the sleeping car accommodations， sell out very
quickly. 　1　 But no matter when you travel， it’s a good idea to make your
reservations at least 90 days in advance.
Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel
agent and letting him double-check all the details， make suggestions， and
then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you
discounted tickets. 　2　 Then you won’t have to walk through several cars
on a moving train three times a day for your meals.
Bring a blanket. When you’re riding on trains， you won’t be provided
with a blanket for free， even if your trip is an overnight one. 　3　 In the
summer in particular， the air conditioning can make them quite cold.
C. The temperature on railcars is often hard to control.
D. That’s particularly true during busy summer months.
E. You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F. The chances are the cost will be a lot lower than the cost of one bedroom.
G. He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner.
[思路点拨] 根据上下文可知，大多数长途火车的卧铺票很容易被订完，
所以要提前安排预订，选项D符合语境，说明在忙碌的夏季尤其需要提
前计划，此处选项D是对上文的进一步说明，含有递进关系。
根据上文中“A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets.”
可知，好的旅行代办人有时可以帮你订到打折的票，空处进一步说明他
能做到的事。选项G中的may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right
next to the diner与上文之间为递进关系，符合语境。
根据上下文可知，本段提到了车厢内温度的问题，提醒乘客最好自
备毛毯。选项C符合语境，选项C中的The temperature on railcars与上下
文呼应。下文是对选项C的进一步说明，含有递进关系。
[答案]
1. 　 2. 　 3.
D　
G　
C　

　　（6） 因果关系
因果关系往往指前因后果或者前果后因。表示因果关系的词有
thus、 hence、 so、 accordingly、 therefore、 consequently、 as a result
（of）、 “such/so ...that ...”、 so that等。
典例分析8
（2023·浙江卷节选）Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day
and some run only three times a week， so missing yours can be a
disaster. 　　　　Note： The times listed on the schedules are departure
times， not arrival times.
E. You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F. The chances are the cost will be a lot lower than the cost of one bedroom.
G. He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner.
[思路点拨] 根据上下文可知，本段提醒要早到，错过火车是很麻烦的事
情，选项E中的You might have to wait longer than 24 hours与上下文呼
应，说明错过火车导致的结果，因此推断选项E符合语境。
[答案]
　　（7） 并列关系
并列关系指的是句子与句子之间处于平等的地位，互不相属，共同
说明同一个问题。表示并列关系的词有first、 second、 third、 firstly、
secondly、 thirdly、 next、 then、 in the first place、 in the second place、
“for one thing ...for another”、 finally等。
E　
典例分析9
A house-warming party is a special party to be held when someone
moves into a new apartment or house. The person who has just moved is the
one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family
members to congratulate the person on the new home. 　　　　And it is a
good time to fill the new space with love and presents.
E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F. The best house-warming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
[思路点拨] 上文介绍庆祝乔迁的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的机
会，下文介绍这是给新家装满爱和礼物的好时机。下文中的连词And表
示并列，说明空处也要介绍乔迁聚会的意义，故选项E符合语境。
[答案]
E　
3　段尾设空题
阅读七选五在段尾设空，多半是总结概括句或者过渡衔接句。
总结句常常用来总结概括上文内容，此时需要阅读并总结设空前的
内容，抓住主旨。总结句可利用词汇复现等技巧确定答案，常见的总结
性词语有therefore、 thus、 so、 to sum up、 to conclude、 in a word、 as
a result等。
过渡衔接句起到承上启下的作用，此时要特别注意选项中是否有表
示逻辑关系的关联词，或者与前文相同或相似的句式结构，要“瞻前顾
后”地找解题的关键。
典例分析10
（2022·浙江卷节选）I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year
my children would write up their Christmas wish lists. They were polite
requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older， they would
give Santa some hints（提示） about where to buy their presents. 123 11
1　　
A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
B. But it is always purposeful—or at least it should be.
C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result， each year they received something they wanted.
[思路点拨] 根据空前内容可知，孩子们提示圣诞老人去哪儿买礼物。结
合选项可知，选项D为孩子们提示的结果：收到心仪的礼物。前后文之
间为因果关系。
[答案]
D　
二、 根据内容线索解题
1　代词指代线索
在阅读七选五中，代词出现的频率极高。代词主要是为了避免重
复，用于指代前面提到的人或物，有时也用于指代前面提到的概念。常
见的代词指代如下：
it指代不可数名词、可数名词单数或整个句子
they/them指代上文的复数名词
one指代可数名词单数，可指人也可指物
ones泛指复数名词
that指代不可数名词、单数名词或句子
this指代单数名词或句子
these/those指代前句的复数名词
典例分析11
（2023·全国乙卷节选）Indoor plants， also known as houseplants or
pot plants， are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species are
not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK， especially in the winter. 123　　
A. All plants are different.
B. Not only do they look beautiful，
C. There are many benefits of growing plants indoors.
D. Instead， they grow better inside， where it is warmer.
[思路点拨] 根据上文可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，
即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，选项D能够承接上文，符合语
境。选项中的they指的就是上文中的Many of these species。
[答案]
D　
典例分析12
（2021·新高考Ⅱ卷节选）If you decide that you need to read the whole
book， decide how much you can read at a time. 　　　　A history book
which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one
dealing with scientific subjects. In the former case you may be able to read a
chapter. In the latter you may only be able to read one page.
A. Stop to have a rest now and then.
B. Spend a few minutes looking through the book.
C. This depends on the type of book you are reading.
[思路点拨] 根据上文“If you decide that you need to read the whole book，
decide how much you can read at a time.”可知，此处提到了要决定一次
能读多少。根据下文“A history book ...read one page.”可知，能读多少
书取决于书的类型，故选项C符合语境，选项C中的This指代上文中的
how much you can read at a time。
[答案]
C　
2　词汇复现线索
词汇复现指相同词汇的重复使用。这种前后句语义的衔接常以句中
关键词（常为名词、动词、形容词）的同义词（组）、近义词（组）或
反义词（组）复现的方式来实现。
复现形式 原词复现；同/近义词（组）复现；反义词（组）复
现；词汇同现（同一词汇或范畴或某一类的词汇反
复出现）。
寻词技巧 1. 着重阅读空前空后两句，锁定关键词，在选项中
搜索相关关键词。
2. 正确选项中的关键词一般重复前一句中的关键
词，且与下一句中的关键词相呼应。
典例分析13
But today’s best science suggests we do not need to take 10，000 steps a
day. 　　　　In that study， people who walked about 8，000 steps a day
were half as likely to die prematurely（过早地） of heart disease or any
other cause as those who walked 4，000 steps a day. But the statistical
benefits of additional steps were slight. The extra steps did not provide much
additional protection against dying young， either.
A. It also translated as “10，000 steps metre”.
B. Really， many of us reach that 10，000-step goal.
C. In fact， the study is based on history rather than research.
D. 8，000 steps a day could be a reasonable and achievable goal.
E. A study found that walking 10，000 steps a day is not a must for a long
life.
[思路点拨] 根据下文“In that study， people who walked about 8，000
steps a day were half as likely to die prematurely of heart disease or any other
cause as those who walked 4，000 steps a day.”可知，此处介绍每天走路
的步数对寿命的影响。下文中的In that study表明上文应提出一项研究，
选项E符合语境。
[答案]
E　
3　句式一致线索
在解答阅读七选五时，我们经常会看到一些相似的句型，比如都是
用祈使句或者都是相同结构的宾语从句，这些往往是解题的信号；此
外，还会出现一些固定句型或者从句，如“not only ...but
（also） ...”、 which引导的非限制性定语从句、状语从句等，这一类
多半是在半句式出题的前半部分考查。
典例分析14
（2023·全国乙卷节选）Indoor plants might look as if they just sit
around not doing much， but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the
home. 　　　　， but studies have shown that they can promote people’s
well-being by improving their mood（心情）， reducing stress and helping
their memory. What’s more， indoor plants are easy to look after and are not
very expensive.
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits of growing plants indoors
[思路点拨] 根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote
people’s well-being by improving their mood， reducing stress and helping
their memory”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成“not only ...but
（also） ...”结构。由此可知，选项B符合语境。
[答案]
B　
随堂巩固
Passage 1
A. Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks， and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and， if needed， redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with
repetition.
（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）As an artist who shares her journey on social
media， I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey.
Unfortunately， there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember， though，
what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good
tips for starting an art journey.
· Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook（素描本） for small studies.
These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more
complex works in the future. 1. You’ll want to look back on your
journey to see how far you’ve come.
· Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than
to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes， portraits， or
landscapes， paint from life as much as possible. 2.
C　
G　
· Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 3. Artistic
growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club； we’ve all been there. I
love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting
every day for a month and post the works online.
· 4. Seeking and accepting constructive feedback（反馈意见）
is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and， in turn， have
met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected，
no matter my level of artistic ability.
A　
D　
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. 5. Push
through， give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of
an artistic life.
E　
Passage 2

A. Some will argue that this is not true.
B. All these are from a bad choice！
C. Too many choices can be confusing.
D. This ability to choose how we behave is a great gift.
E. We can choose to keep struggling in hard times， or to give up.
F. Your character is being made by you， bit by bit， choice by choice.
G. This is because nearly all the choices you make affect your character.
（2023·江苏省连云港市高三考前模拟）Everyone knows that the
choices we make affect our future. Suppose I am an intelligent student with
good marks. However， being lazy， I do badly in my examinations. I
cannot go to university， and I cannot find a good job.The golden future will
never be there. 1.
B　
However， your choices affect your future in a way that is more
complicated. 2. Your character is displayed through your choices，
but it is also formed by them. Whenever you make a choice， your character
changes or grows， depending on whether the decision you made is wise or
foolish. 3. And so， you become the sort of person who will make a
certain kind of choice in a certain situation.
G　
F　
4. After all， the field of human choice is a narrow one. Most of
the things that form us in our lives are not subject to the choice. We cannot
choose when and where to be born， whether our families will be rich or
poor， kind or cruel. We cannot even entirely control who we will meet in
our lives. With so much that we cannot choose， how can we say we can be
responsible for everything？
A　
However， we do have some power of choice， and we do control the
most important thing of all： how we respond to circumstances. 5. It
is our key to having confidence in the future. It is human nature to fear the
future， as the future is unknown. You cannot entirely control what will
happen to you tomorrow. But if you have confidence in your character， then
you do know one thing for certain about the future： no matter what
happens， you will make a choice that you will be proud of.
D　
Passage 3

A. Breathe fresh air.
B. Keep yourself free from anxiety.
C. Doing regular exercise helps you go on a diet.
D. Regular physical activity improves immune function.
E. Here are practical approaches proven to show some results.
F. Vaccines don’t fix all problems， but they’re really effective.
G. Having junk food once in a while isn’t going to impact your health.
Take your shots. When it comes to powering up the immune system，
vaccines（疫苗） are the most important breakthrough in history. Childhood
vaccinations， for instance， have been a key factor in our longer lifespan
today. 2. A vaccine provides a training session for our adaptive
immunity， showing it how to fight off an invader it’s never seen before.
F　
（2023·广东省三模）People think they can just boost the immune
system as if it were a muscle， but it’s far from that simple. But like any
bodily function， immunity works best when we support our general health.
1.
E　
Watch what you eat. 3. But if it features consistently in your
diet， you’re in danger of replacing the healthier foods and nutrients that you
need for your immune system. For most of us， a balanced and varied diet
gives us most of the nutrients we need. If you aren’t getting a lot of sun
exposure， you may require vitamin D.
Get moving. 4. And it doesn’t take much. People with inactive
lifestyles have a higher risk of hospitalization， while people who exercise，
even a bit， are more likely to get better on their own. Aim for 10 to 30
minutes of exercise every day to get the immune benefits.
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5. Time outdoors gives you a break from indoor air， where
infectious bugs may circulate， and it also has benefits for your immune
function. A bout of sunlight during the day improves your sleep rhythm at
night and allows your body to produce essential vitamin D. Also， exposure
to the natural environment reduces stress and anxiety.
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