2024年高考二轮复习英语专题突破题型三　：完形填空 第二节　七招破解完形填空 课件 (共44张PPT)

(共44张PPT)
题型三　完形填空
第二节　七招破解完形填空
一、 深研首句握全局
完形填空一般不在首句设空，这是为了给考生提供一个清晰而完整
的背景信息。若首句交代了when、 where、 who、 what，一般来说文章
为记叙文；若首句提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说文章为说明文；若
首句提出一个论点，一般来说文章为议论文。仔细分析首句，往往能获
取许多解题信息，因此不可忽视文章的首句。除了文章首句外，还可以
利用段落首句来把握段落大意，因为主题句一般出现在段落的开头。
典例分析1
（2022·全国甲卷节选）You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats
his dogs.
For many years， I enjoyed living with my dogs， Tilly and Chance.
Their companionship was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay. Nearly.
Last year， I started dating， but with reservations. When I first dated
Steve， I learned he had a dog， Molly， and a cat， Flora. While I
was 　　　　that he was an animal lover， I worried that three dogs were
perhaps too many， and that my dogs might attack Flora， the cat.
A. unsatisfied B. amused
C. terrified D. thrilled
[思路点拨] 文章首句指明，你可以从一个男人对待他的狗的方式来更多
地了解他。 由此可知，当作者第一次和Steve约会时，作者了解到他有
一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫。在得知Steve是一个动物爱好
者后，作者应该是感到非常高兴的。
[答案]
D　
二、 词汇复现轻松解
词汇复现是指同一语篇内词汇相同（原词）或者词汇在词义上存在
同义、近义、同源、上义或下义关系的现象。考生可以利用这些词汇特
点并结合具体语境来解题。
典例分析2
（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷节选）My husband， our children and I have had
wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our memories are funny， especially from the early years when
our children were little. Once， we 　　　　along Chalk Creek.
A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled
[思路点拨] 根据上文中的camping experiences可知，作者是在回忆多年
前的野营经历。由此可推知，此处表示沿着白垩溪野营。该空与上文中
的camping为同源词复现。
[答案]
A　
三、 逻辑关系理脉络
所谓的逻辑关系是指文章在语法或语意上存在的并列、顺承、转
折、因果、目的等关系。考生只有在透彻理解文意的基础上，才能对句
内或句组的上下文逻辑关系做出正确的判断，从而选出正确答案。因
此，考生须掌握常见逻辑关系的标志词，如and、 but、 however、
then、 so、 because、 instead of、 so as to等，通过标志词透彻理解上下
文的文意。
典例分析3
（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷节选）I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near
to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was 　　　　， and his crying
let the whole campground know it.
A. unhurt B. unfortunate
C. uncomfortable D. unafraid
[思路点拨] 根据空格所在句的下文his crying可知， “He was ...”与his
crying之间在文意上存在因果逻辑关系，即“某种原因造成‘我’儿子
的哭”。结合选项可知， uncomfortable最符合文意。
[答案]
C　
典例分析4
A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had
driven away a number of birds. 　　　　， the number of snakes had
declined as well.
A. Besides B. However
C. Therefore D. Otherwise
[思路点拨] 根据the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds和
the number of snakes had declined as well可知，上下文所表示的都是洪水
所带来的后果，在文意上存在逻辑上的递进关系。
[答案]
A　
四、 熟悉语境明线索
考生在做完形填空时，要学会通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信
息，推出正确答案。由于语篇的衔接性，有时候需要依靠上文或下文语
境作答，有时候需要兼顾上下文语境才能进行解题。
典例分析5
（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷节选）Another time， we rented a boat in Vallecito
Lake. The sky was clear when we headed off， but storms move in fast in the
mountains， and this one quickly interrupted our peaceful morning trip.
The 　1　 picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing
to 　2　 the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No 　3　. We were stuck in the
middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there 　4　， a fisherman
pulled up， threw us a rope and towed（拖） us back. We were 　5　.
1. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed
2. A. find B. hide C. start D. fix
3. A. luck B. answer C. wonder D. signal
4. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly
5. A. sorry B. brave C. safe D. right
[思路点拨] 根据上下文的故事情节可知，作者一家租船去湖上玩。出发
时天气晴朗，但很快暴风雨袭来，中断了作者一家的游玩。作者的丈夫
去发动船，但没成功，正当作者一家感到无助时，一位渔夫把他们的船
拖了回来。最后他们安全得救。如果考生能顺着这一情节线索来解题，
那么就能快速、高效地选出正确答案。
[答案]
1. 　2. 　3.
4. 　5.
A　
C　
A　
D　
C　
五、 情感态度莫忽视
在完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找
出能够反映作者态度和感彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容
词、副词或动词。这些词通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助
我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
除此之外，完形填空整体的主线多半反映“真善美”的品德与道德
观念和价值取向，具体包括真诚、善良、无私、美好、和谐、乐观等积
极向上的优秀道德品质。具备正确的价值观符合高考在语篇选材上体现
“立德树人”的根本要求。文章常在尾段升华情感主旨，点明中心。
典例分析6
（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷节选）Now， every year when my husband pulls
our camper out ofthe garage， we are filled with a sense of 　1　，
wondering what camping fun and 　2　 we will experience next.
1. A. relief B. duty C. pride D. excitement
2. A. failure B. adventure C. performance D. conflict
[思路点拨] 本篇完形填空的话题内容是“野营经历”，所反映的价值观
是“乐观”，具体表现为“感兴趣、兴奋、喜欢冒险”等。由此可知，
作者一家人对野营是感兴趣的，他们对野营充满了“兴奋”感，想知道
下次野营会经历哪些“乐趣和冒险”。这正是本篇完形填空所体现的价
值观。
[答案] 1. 　 2.
D　
B　
六、 熟词生义巧推断
历年高考英语试卷中，“熟词生义”现象经常出现。很多考生由于
不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞的情况，造成了不应有的失
分。一般情况下，我们根据语境和单词的熟义进行推断，如2021全国甲
卷中的wild，熟义为“野生的”，可以引申为“疯狂的”。
典例分析7
（2022·全国乙卷节选）For a long time， this ineffective hiding
method was 　　　　as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric
（以自我为中心的）” creatures. Butour surprising research results in child
developmental psychology contradicted that idea.
A. supported B. guaranteed
C. imagined D. interpreted
[思路点拨] 根据下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly
‘egocentric’ creatures”可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被理解为
某种证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。interpret常表示“口译”，经
过延伸和推断得出该词在此处表示“把……理解为”。
[答案]
D　
七、 常识背景来帮忙
根据生活背景常识答题，这也是完形填空要考查的一个方面。完形
填空涉及各类各科知识，从文化、科学常识到历史、地理知识，从风土
民情到民俗习惯等。做题时应根据已有的文化背景知识，巧妙加以运
用，此时特别要注意中西方文化间的差异。
典例分析8
（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷节选）After some goodbyes， I asked George and
his wife to help me 　1　 Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of
Tiffy and 　2　 them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
1. A. feed B. follow C. change D. load
2. A. call B. join C. leave D. serve
[思路点拨] 1. “我”要带 Tiffy 去坐飞机，根据常识可知，道别之后，
“我”应该是让George和他妻子帮“我”把Tiffy送上飞机。
“load ...into ...”意为“把……装入……”。
2. 结合常识可知，“我”要带Tiffy去坐飞机，“我”答应会照顾好
Tiffy，为了不让他们担心，一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。
[答案] 1. 　 2.
D　
A　
典例分析9
（2023·北京卷节选）I was always timid（羞怯的）. Being new to the
school made me even 　1　， so it was surprising I’d 　2　 to anyone
around me. Now I was paying the price—to write a five-page essay on
“Why I Should Not Talk in Class”. That would take all night！
1. A. freer B. shyer C. calmer D. happier
2. A. nod B. point C. listen D. chat
[思路点拨] 1. 结合首句提供的背景知识可知，作者总是羞怯的。由此可
知，初来乍到使作者更加害羞。
2. 根据上文可知，作者是一个羞怯的人，结合常识可知，当老师想
让作者和同学们说话时，作者认为要和身边的人聊天是很令人惊讶的。
[答案] 1. 　 2.
B　
D　
随堂巩固
Passage 1
（2023·广东省广州市一模）At school， artclass is fun. We 　1　
with different techniques and generally get creative.
However， a field trip to an art gallery isoften 　2　. Last year my art
teacher organized a trip to an art exhibition. The gallery was full of older
people， who obviously didn’t want to be with 　3　 students. We all
got 　4　 and couldn’t stop chatting. Our teacher was getting 　5　 and kept
telling us to be quiet.
The next day we complained to our teacher about the 　6　 of activities
for teens at the art gallery. She 　7　 that a visit should be both educational
and fun. That’s when I decided to go online and look for art galleries that
have special 　8　 for teens. Eventually， I 　9　 to find art galleries with a
huge range of activities and proposed some to my teacher.
I also used the 　10　 to learn about artists. Recently， I found a
contemporary artist called Martin Bailey. I’ve 　11　 seen artists who
combine different techniques， but Bailey is totally different. He does unique
illustrations with 　12　 objects such as umbrellas， headphones and even
cookies. His art is simple， but it makes you see things 　13　. For
example， he notices that a flower is similar to a mop（拖把） and puts
this 　14　 into life by drawing a little man with a real flower mop. It’s
really 　15　！ I hope I’ll be able to go to an exhibition of his work in the
future.
（　D　）1. A. deal B. start C. struggle D. experiment
（　A　）2. A. disappointing B. challenging
C. exciting D. interesting
（　A　）3. A. noisy B. careless C. attentive D. creative
（　B　）4. A. annoyed B. bored C. lost D. worried
（　C　）5. A. weak B. sensitive C. stressed D. tired
（　A　）6. A. lack B. theme C. result D. schedule
（　D　）7. A. announced B. demanded C. suggested D. agreed
（　D　）8. A. gifts B. prices C. paintings D. events
D
A
A
B
C
A
D
D
（　C　）9. A. happened B. determined C. managed D. expected
（　B　）10. A. activity B. Internet C. trip D. exhibition
（　A　）11. A. already B. never C. merely D. obviously
（　D　）12. A. useful B. fancy C. suitable D. ordinary
（　C　）13. A. clearly B. directly C. differently D. critically
（　B　）14. A. design B. idea C. plant D. tool
（　B　）15. A. abstract B. amusing C. strange D. practical
C
B
A
D
C
B
B
Passage 2
（2023·湖北省新高考阶段检测）Most people largely think highly of
the educational technologies. However， some critics（批评者） question
whether it is 　1　 if teachers depend so heavily on the media that most of
their 　2　 with students takes place in cyberspace（网络空间）.
Hans is one of them. “I think this childish and sometimes 　3　
pushing-toward technology is very 　4　—even disastrous，” he says.
　5　， he also warns that there are fewstudies supporting the
assumption that traditional ways of teaching are 　6　 to teaching via the
Internet. He says that he could only point to his “feeling that real classroom
presence should be 　7　”. He stresses the need for educators to 　8　
theuse of educational technologies in their classrooms critically.
Yet he admits that using technology for the transmission（传播） of
knowledge is probably 　9　 as students are faced with the so-called
knowledge 　10　 in the 21st century and the rapidly increasing costs of
education. However， knowledge transmission should not be the most
important function of 　11　， he argues， noting that schools should be
places where students face open questions， and places for “intellectual
complexity” and “riskful thinking”.
“Challenging complexity is something like intellectual gymnastics
which can 　12　 our mind. And this is what makes you a（n） 　13　
member of society，” he says. “To discuss questions 　14　 in the
classrooms is more likely to provide the students with such mental 　15　.”
（　B　）1. A. special B. wise C. useful D. interesting
（　D　）2. A. disagreement B. cooperation
C. competition D. interaction
（　A　）3. A. blind B. rude C. passive D. quiet
（　B　）4. A. impressive B. dangerous C. logical D. immoral
（　C　）5. A. Otherwise B. Therefore C. However D. Besides
（　A　）6. A. superior B. related C. opposed D. equal
（　A　）7. A. approved B. reformed C. encountered D. removed
（　C　）8. A. abandon B. attack C. examine D. refuse
B
D
A
B
C
A
A
C
（　A　）9. A. unavoidable B. flexible
C. affordable D. unacceptable
（　D　）10. A. extension B. background C. boundary D. explosion
（　D　）11. A. technology B. Internet C. publishing D. education
（　A　）12. A. expand B. limit C. comfort D. awake
（　B　）13. A. unreliable B. suitable C. generous D. peaceful
（　C　）14. A. over and over B. in public
C. face to face D. on purpose
（　D　）15. A. problems B. advantages C. anxieties D. exercises
A
D
D
A
B
C
D
Passage 3
（2023·山东省滨州市二模）A year ago， I thought I was at the end of
my rope. Every time I 　1　 Ginny Owens’ song， I felt 　2　 hurt and
tears welled up in my eyes. I wanted to know why life was so 　3　 to me.
My family has been through a（n） 　4　. My husband and I 　5　
almost a month in hospital 　6　 from second-degree and third-degree burns.
My son had 22 stitches（缝线） from jumping through the window to 　7　
the fire. Every month， I had to take out loans to pay for the medical
treatment. I cried about my life， 　8　 why it couldn’t bring me a ray of
hope. I cried because my husband didn’t have a steady job. I cried because I
had to suffer the fire and watch my son 　9　.
Now， as I lie in my bed with my son and my husband， I 　10　
understand the meaning of suffering. Life has never allowed us to be hungry
and has always 　11　 the money we need at the 　12　 moment. I learn
that a mother can have great love for her child as I pulled my son out of
the 　13　 closet.
I still struggle. I still wish I could see the plan that life has for me. But I
can see the 　14　 that life is building in me and the spiritual growth that life
is giving me. I 　15　 that it is only in my darkest moment that the light in
my soul can shine.
（　D　）1. A. remembered B. displayed C. noticed D. heard
（　B　）2. A. exactly B. deeply C. obviously D. slightly
（　D　）3. A. important B. friendly C. kind D. cruel
（　B　）4. A. flood B. fire C. accident D. earthquake
（　C　）5. A. took B. spared C. spent D. wasted
（　B　）6. A. keeping B. recovering C. suffering D. saving
（　A　）7. A. escape B. fight C. prevent D. set
（　B　）8. A. expressing B. wondering C. doubting D. imagining
（　D　）9. A. in poverty B. in danger C. in trouble D. in pain
D
B
D
B
C
B
A
B
D
（　A　）10. A. suddenly B. hardly C. strangely D. certainly
（　A　）11. A. provided B. earned C. donated D. raised
（　A　）12. A. exact B. convenient C. limited D. last
（　A　）13. A. burning B. destroying C. falling D. mending
（　C　）14. A. surprise B. decision C. character D. sadness
（　A　）15. A. realize B. hate C. prove D. accept
A
A
A
A
C
A