2024年高考二轮复习英语专题突破题型一　阅读理解 第二节　四大考点技巧突破 课件 (共105张PPT)

(共105张PPT)
题型一　阅读理解
第二节　四大考点技巧突破
一、 定位切入点，全取细节理解题
细节理解题的特点是题干针对原文提到的某事物、现象或理论进行
出题。有些问题可以直接从文中找到明确的答案，有些则需要在理解的
基础上将有关信息进行处理，如计算、排序、判断、比较等。细节理解
题在高考试卷中占比很大，特别是应用文、说明文和记叙文，更是侧重
对细节理解题的考查。
★ 正确选项特征
语言简化 把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。
同义替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达从而成为正确选项。
★ 干扰项特征
扩缩范围 与文章细节部分吻合，但扩大或缩小描述范围。
无中生有 明显与文章内容不符或文章没有提及。
偷梁换柱 符合常识，但不是文章内容。
张冠李戴 是文章细节，但弄错了对象。
正误参半 部分正确，部分错误。
★ 解题步骤
1　直接细节题——妙搜复现巧比对
解题步骤：审读题干，提取关键信息→速读定位原文信息句→将原
文信息句与选项内容进行比对，得出正确选项。
典例分析1
（2023·全国乙卷A节选）Rebecca Lee Crumpler（1831-1895）
worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in
Boston in 1860. Four years later， she was the first African American woman
to receive amedical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865， where she
provided medical care for freed slaves.
A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry.
D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
Who was the first African American woman with a medical degree？
[思路点拨] 第一步　题干关键词： the first African American woman； a
medical degree
第二步　原文信息句： Four years later， she was the first African
American woman to receive a medical degree.
第三步　直接得答案：根据原文信息句的内容可知， Rebecca Lee
Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性。
[答案]
D　
2　综合/间接细节题——同义转述善概括
解题步骤：审读题干，提取关键信息→速读定位原文信息句，将试
题信息与原文信息进行语义转换（同义或近义词语）→逐一核对选项，
仔细辨别，得出答案。
典例分析2
（2021·全国乙卷D节选）So why do so many of us hate our open
offices？ The problem may be that， in our offices， we can’t stop ourselves
from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus.
Indeed， the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and
conversations affect the creative process， and yet a coworking space or a
coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom
from interruptions.
A. Personal privacy unprotected.
B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion.
D. Constant interruptions.
What makes an open office unwelcome to many people？
[思路点拨] 根据题干关键词an open office unwelcome to many
people可定位原文信息句为“So why do so many of us hate our
open offices？”，其中unwelcome与hate为近义词转换。根据本段
内容可知，开放式办公室不受人们欢迎的原因是它让我们不断地卷
入别人的谈话中，受到很多干扰。
[答案]
D　
3　数字计算题——加减乘除巧破解
解题步骤：审读题干，提取关键信息→速读定位原文中包含该信息
的相关段落→进行推算，得出答案。
典例分析3
（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 A节选）
Prices
Hand Brake， Three Gears Foot Brake，
No Gears
1 hour 7.50 5.00
3 hours 11.00 7.50
1 day （24 hours） 14.75 9.75
Each additional day 8.00 6.00
How much do you pay for renting a bike with the hand brake and three gears
for two days？
A. 15.75. B. 19.50.
C. 22.75. D. 29.50.
[思路点拨] 根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要
14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行
车两天需14.75＋8＝22.75（欧元）。
[答案]
C　
随堂巩固1
（2023·浙江卷A）
Explorers Camp
· Full day camp for kids aged 5～13.
· Monday-Friday， July 8-26， 9 a.m.-4 p.m.
Week 1 ｜ July 8-12
Week 2 ｜ July 15-19
Week 3 ｜ July 22-26
· Register for a single week or multiple weeks.
· Fees： $365 per week.
· The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund（退款） is June
15.
Camp Structure
The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group. Campers
have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme（9 a.m. to
12 noon） and a one-hour lunch break， followed by another three-hour
class engaging with an afternoon theme（1 p.m. to 4 p.m.）. Snack periods
are held throughout the day. All campers should bring their own bagged lunch
and snacks.
Camp Content
Explorers Camp organizes engaging arts， history and science-related
activities in every class， and focuses on a range of topics that emphasize
active learning， exploration and， most of all， fun！ All camp sessions
are created with age-appropriate activities that are tailored to the multiple
ways that kids learn.
Camp Staff
Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1∶4 to 1∶7
depending on the age group. Instructors are passionate educators who are
experts in their fields and have undergone training and a background check.
（　A　）1. On which of the following dates can you cancel your registration
with a full refund？
A. June 12. B. June 22.
C. July 19. D. July 26.
A
（　D　）2. How are campers divided into different groups？
A. By gender. B. By nationality.
C. By interest. D. By age.
（　C　）3. How many hours of class will you have altogether if you register
for a single week？
A. 15. B. 21. C. 30. D. 42.
D
C
二、 直击关键点，稳拿推理判断题
推理判断题是阅读理解的一个重要题型，属于深层次理解类试题，
主要考查在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系和细节暗
示的分析，进行推理、判断的能力。
推理判断题常见的设题角度有推断隐含意义、观点态度、写作意图
以及文章出处或读者对象。此外，有时也可能考查人物性格、写作手法
或篇章结构等。
★ 正确选项特征
1　立足原文，只推一步，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得；
2　选项中一般不出现绝对概念，如only、 never、 all、 absolutely
等，正确答案的表述一般会用一些相对能够留有余地的词，如often、
usually、 sometimes、 some、 may、 might、 can、 could、 possibly、
probably等。
★ 干扰项特征
主观臆断 没有基于原文进行推断，而是根据常识推断。
过度推断 有时作者只是客观地叙述事实，并未进行评论，而一
些选项却主观地进行推断。如提到一样东西贵，并不
意味着就买不起。
错误推断 某些细节看似在原文中出现过，但与原文不符，或断
章取义，或因果倒置等。
以细节代替 推断 只是原文简单的复述，而非推断出来的结论。
★ 解题技巧
1　隐含推断题——逻辑分析推隐含
隐含推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地
点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者
借助语境进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解关键
词句的真正含义，才可能推断准确。一般题干主要包括六个动词：
infer、 indicate、 imply、 suggest、 conclude和assume。
典例分析4
（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷C节选）The second part of this book takes a closer
look at some ideas that will help you cultivate（培养） a sustainable digital
minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters， I examine issues such as the
importance of solitude（独处） and the necessity of cultivating high-quality
leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use. Each
chapter concludes with a collection of practices， which are designed to help
you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a
toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for
your particular circumstances.
What does the author advise readers to do with the practices offered in Part
Two？
A. Use them as needed.
B. Recommend them to friends.
C. Evaluate their effects.
D. Identify the ideas behind them.
[思路点拨] 根据题干关键词Part Two定位到本段首句的The second part，
确定答案在本段；再根据本段最后一句可知，读者可以将这些方法视为
一个工具箱，旨在帮助他们建立一种适合特定情况的极简主义生活方
式。由此可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提
及的方法。A选项中的as needed和文中的for your particular circumstances
对应。
[答案]
A　
2　观点态度题——依据措辞定态度
所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的
看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为支持、赞同、乐观、客
观、中立、反对、批评、怀疑、悲观等。作者的这种思想倾向和感
彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中
作者的措辞，尤其是表达感彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考
生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文
中人物的语气、性格等。
观点态度 常用词汇
积极 support、 supportive、 approve、 approving、 be for、
in favor of、 optimistic、 positive、 confident、
impressive、 hopeful、 appreciative、 favorable和
enthusiastic
消极 disgusted、 critical、 negative、 doubtful、
disappointed、 pessimistic、 opposed、 disapproving、
unwilling和dismissive
观点态度 常用词汇
中立 unconcerned、 uninterested、 indifferent、 objective、
factual、 neutral、 impartial、 ambiguous、 cautious、
not mentioned和tolerant
典例分析5
Ecotourism is an expanding market that brings benefits as well as
challenges to the regions around the world in which it operates. Simply
closing off these regions is not the answer. The key is responsible engagement
and further research before you book that trip. When ecotourism is conducted
correctly， the benefits can be direct， immediate， positive and long-
lasting.
What is the author’s attitude towards ecotourism？
A. Supportive. B. Opposed.
C. Unconcerned. D. Pessimistic.
[思路点拨] 根据文中“When ecotourism isconducted correctly， the
benefits can be direct， immediate， positive and long-lasting.”可知，作
者认为生态旅游的价值是不可否认的，如果实施得当，其效益是良好
的。由此可推知，作者对生态旅游抱有支持的态度。
[答案]
A　
3　写作意图题——文体特征断意图
各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作意图题。通常情况下，作者在
文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所
传递的想法。所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结
和分析的能力。
典例分析6
（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷B节选）Like most of us， I try to be mindful of
food that goes to waste. The arugula（芝麻菜） was to make a nice green
salad， rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late.
Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer.
But as days passed， the arugula went bad. Even worse， I had unthinkingly
bought way too much； I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story？
A. We pay little attention to food waste.
B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat.
D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
[思路点拨] 根据“Like most of us， I try to be mindful of food that goes to
waste.”以及“But as days passed， the arugula went bad.”可推知，作者
想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。
[答案]
B　
4　文章出处题——内容特点巧推断
推断文章出处要从文章体裁、文章结构、语言特色和标志信息着
手，结合文章的具体内容来断定；要求考生具备一定的常识，这样才能
把文章的内容与已具备的常识结合起来，做出准确的推断。
文体类别 文章出处
时效性极强的文章 报纸或新闻报道（newspaper/news report）
新产品、新影片或演出
介绍 广告（advertisement）
网址或其他典型网络用
语介绍 网站（website）
文体类别 文章出处
旅游景点介绍 旅游指南或旅游手册（travel guide/brochure）
时尚、名人或娱乐介绍 杂志、期刊或娱乐板块
（magazine/journal/entertain-ment section）
科普知识或研究介绍 科学报告、研究报告或研究（science
report/study report/research）
文化教育性的文章 教育板块（education section）
活动介绍 通知（notice/announcement）
人物介绍 传记/自传（biography/autobiography）
典例分析7
（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷A节选）
Grading policies for introduction to literature
Grading scale
90～100， A； 80～89， B； 70～79， C； 60～69， D； Below
60， E.
Essays （60％）
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade
for this course： Essay 1 ＝ 10％； Essay 2 ＝ 15％； Essay 3 ＝ 15％；
Essay 4 ＝ 20％.
Group assignments （30％）
Where is this passage probably taken from？
A. A textbook.
B. An exam paper.
C. A course plan.
D. An academic article.
[思路点拨] 根据文章标题Grading policies for introduction to literature 和
Essays （60％）部分中的Your four major essays will combine to form the
main part of the grade for this course可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程的评
分规定。由此可推知，本文可能出自一个课程计划。
[答案]
C　
随堂巩固2
（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷C）Reading Art： Art for Book Lovers is a
celebration of an everyday object—the book， represented here in almost
three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the
reader appears throughout history， in art made long before books as we now
know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading， we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books”， artworks are selected and arranged in a
way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures.
We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school， with the
book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed
（描绘） alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume， deep in
thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may be painted hundreds
of years ago， but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate
the intellect（才智）， wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of
the printing press， books were treasured objects and could be works of art in
their own right. More recently， as books have become inexpensive or even
throwaway products， artists have used them as the raw material for
artworks—transforming covers， pages or even complete volumes into
paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once
believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of
view， the printed book is certainly ancient， but it remains as interactive as
any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function， a book must be
activated by a user： the cover opened， the pages parted， the contents
reviewed， perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast
to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is
monitored and tracked， a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly
private， “offline” activity.
（　A　）1. Where is the text most probably taken from？
A. An introduction to a book.
B. An essay on the art of writing.
C. A guidebook to a museum.
D. A review of modern paintings.
A
（　C　）2. What are the selected artworks about？
A. Wealth and intellect.
B. Home and school.
C. Books and reading.
D. Work and leisure.
（　A　）3. What do the underlined words “relate to” in Paragraph 2
mean？
A. Understand. B. Paint.
C. Seize. D. Transform.
C
A
（　A　）4. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader？
A. The printed book is not totally out of date.
B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
A
三、 把握着眼点，突破词句猜测题
词句猜测题考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意
或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的生
义，还可以考查对替代词所替代内容的判断以及某一句子在上下文
中的具体含义。
★ 正确选项特征
1　与原文上下文联系非常紧密；
2　是对超纲词汇的正确解释，如果将它代入原文，则符合逻辑，
文章通顺易懂；
3　是对未超纲的词汇的正确解释，往往是熟词生义，根据上下文
推测适用于某一个特定场合的含义；
4　是与上下文内容有关的提示，一般包括定义和解释、描述和例
证、同义和反义、平行关系以及构词法等。
★ 解题步骤
第一步：返回原文，结合上下文，理解该词的意思；
第二步：注意同位语、特殊标点符号、定语从句、表示上下文
之间的逻辑关系的关键提示词及前后缀，特别注意和生词处于同一
位置的词；
第三步：结合原文对比选项，确定答案。
1　词义猜测题——巧用逻辑猜词义
语言表达总是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的。如果上下文中没有明显
的解释说明性线索，考生则可根据语言的内在逻辑关系粗略地推断出生
词词义。对考生猜测词义帮助最大的逻辑关系有对比关系、因果关系、
并列关系和转折关系等。
典例分析8
（2021·新高考Ⅰ卷C节选）When the explorers first set foot upon the
continent of North America， the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these
precious natural resources wisely.Unfortunately， it took the explorers and
the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these
resources.Millions of waterfowl（水禽） were killed at the hands of market
hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.Millions of acres of
wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations，
greatly reducing waterfowl habitat（栖息地）.
What does the underlined word “decimate” mean？
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
[思路点拨] 根据画线词所在句中的Unfortunately可知，画线词所在句与
上文之间是转折关系，上文讲到了探险者抵达北美洲时，这片大陆上充
满了各种各样的野生物种，整个大陆生机勃勃。因此画线词所在句应讲
述这些资源受到的破坏——探险者及随之而来的殖民者只用了几十年就
将很大一部分资源破坏。
[答案]
C　
2　代词指代题——就近原则找指代
代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中。
典例分析9
In the mid-1990s， Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in
Uzbekistan. He left after seven months， physically broken and having lost
his mind. A few years later， still attracted to the country， he returned to
Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit， however， ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence
this book， Chasing the Sea： Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central
Asia， which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan，
where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the
sea ...
What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to？
A. Developing a serious mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
[思路点拨] 画线词位于第二段首句， that用来指代上文提到的事情，因
此that指代第一段的内容；根据第一段最后一句“A few years later， still
attracted to the country， he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about
the disappearance of the Aral Sea.”可知， that指代写一篇关于咸海消失
的文章这件事。
[答案]
D　
3　句意理解题——意义吻合推句意
高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查，因
此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义，巧解句意理解题。
句意理解题要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性
的描述。
典例分析10
Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day.
But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month， a board went up with dollar
bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read， “Give What You Can，
Take What You Need.”
What does the expression “Money with no strings attached.” mean？
A. Money spent without hesitation.
B. Money not legally made.
C. Money offered without conditions.
D. Money not tied together.
[思路点拨] 根据下文的内容并结合木板上写的“Give What You Can，
Take What You Need.”可知，钉在木板上的钱是可以随意取的，并不附
带任何条件。
[答案]
C　
随堂巩固3
（2022·新高考Ⅱ卷C）Over the last seven years， most states have
banned texting by drivers， and public service campaigns have tried a wide
range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are
behind the wheel.
Yet the problem， by just about any measure， appears to be getting
worse. Americans are still texting while driving， as well as using social
networks and taking photos. Road accidents， which had fallen for years，
are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more， but Mark Rosekind，
the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration， said
distracted（分心） driving was “only increasing， unfortunately”.
“Big change requires big ideas，” he said in a speech last month，
referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change
distinctly modern behavior， lawmakers and public health experts are turning
to an old approach： They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new
device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this： An officer arriving at
the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the
Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The
technology could determine whether a driver had just texted， emailed or
done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s hands-free driving
laws.
“We need something on the books that can change people’s
behavior，” said Félix W. Ortiz， who pushed for the state’s 2001 ban on　
hand-held devices by drivers. “If the Textalyzer bill becomes law，” he
said， “people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell
phone.”
（　A　）1. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers’ texting
in the US？
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary.
C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair.
（　B　）2. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out？
A. Where a driver came from.
B. Whether a driver used their phone.
C. How fast a driver was going.
D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
A
B
（　D　）3. What does the underlined word “something” in the last
paragraph refer to？
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
（　B　）4. What is a suitable title for the text？
A. To drive or not to drive？ Think before you start
B. Texting and driving？ Watch out for the Textalyzer
C. New York banning hand-held devices by drivers
D. The next generation cell phone： the Textalyzer
D
B
四、 明确关注点，抢分主旨大意题
主旨大意题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的
概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据时，需要考生
从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词，并对主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳
出文章的主旨。此类题目可分为三大类：标题概括题、主旨大意题和段
落大意题。
★ 正确选项特征
涵盖性强 覆盖全文或全段主要内容。常含有抽象名词或概括性
词语，一般不出现细节信息。
精确性强 所使用的概括性语言不会失去表意的程度及色彩。不
含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。
范围恰当 范围既不太大，也不太小。
★ 干扰项特征
以偏概全 概括的范围过于狭窄，只阐述了文章的一部分内容或
文章主题的某一个方面。
断章取义 以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的内容，或
者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。
移花接木 命题者有意把属于A的特征放在B上。
主题扩大 归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内
容。
似是而非 题目中的关键词好像在文章中提到了，但认真分析后
发现它与文章的内容毫无联系。
1　标题概括题——文章主线定标题
（1） 概括性——准确而又简洁，一般为单词或短语形式；
（2） 针对性——标题内涵和外延正好与文章内容相符；
（3） 醒目性——语言精练，能吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者的阅
读欲望。
典例分析11
（2021·全国甲卷D节选）Who is a genius？ This question has greatly
interested humankind for centuries.
Let’s state clearly： Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the
international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and
explore the nature of genius itself. Why isit that some people are so much
more intelligent or creative than the rest of us？ And who are they？
...
Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global
communication， we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they
appear. And the more we look， the more we will see that social factors（因
素） like gender， race and class do not determine the appearance of genius.
As a writer says， “Future geniuses come from those with intelligence，
creativity， perseverance（毅力） and simple good fortune， who are able
to change the world.”
A. Geniuses think alike
B. Genius takes many forms
C. Genius and intelligence
D. Genius and luck
What is the best title for the passage？
[思路点拨] 根据文章的主要内容，并结合第一段提出的问题“Who is a
genius？”和最后一段中的“As a writer says， ‘Future geniuses come
from those with intelligence， creativity， perseverance and simple good
fortune， who are able to change the world.’”可知，本文批判了世人对
天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上天才有很多种形式。
[答案]
B　
2　主旨大意题——主题句中研文意
说明文、记叙文、议论文三种文体涉及的多种话题，如社会文化
类、人物故事类、科普说明类，都会考查主旨大意类题目。
典例分析12
（2022·全国甲卷C节选）As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica， she
found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins（企鹅） longing
to say hello. These gentle， lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-
started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood， Ginni， now 71， has had a deep love for
travel. Throughout her career（职业） as a professional dancer， she toured
in the UK， but always longed to explore further. When she retired from
dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest， she decided it was time to
take the plunge.
After taking a degree at the University of Chichester in Related Arts，
Ginni began to travel around the world， eventually getting work teaching
English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile that she discovered she could
get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off
Tierra del Fuego， the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I
just decided I wanted to go，” she says. “I had no idea what I’d find there
and I wasn’t nervous. I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I
always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008， Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never
met before， to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the
wildlife to witnessing sunrises， the whole experience was amazing.
Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has，” Ginni says.
“I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale； it just rose out of the
water like some prehistoric creatures and I thought it was smiling at us. You
could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land， to be respected by
humans， was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
What is the text mainly about？
A. A childhood dream.
B. An unforgettable experience.
C. Sailing around the world.
D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
[思路点拨] 通读全文可知，文章的主题句是第一段中的“These gentle，
lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni
would never forget.”，下面写的就是这样一次难忘的经历。
[答案]
B　
3　段落大意题——首尾兼顾定段意
段落大意题常在说明文和议论文中考查。文章的每一个段落都要围
绕一个特定的主题按照一定的逻辑顺序展开，所以，段落的结构也有一
定的规律性。
典例分析13
（2023·全国乙卷D节选）If you want to tell the history of the whole
world， a history that does not privilege one part of humanity， you cannot
do it through text alone， because only some of the world has ever had text，
while most of the world， for most of the time， has not. Writing is one of
humanity’s later achievements， and until fairly recently even many literate
（有文字的） societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in
things.
A. How past events should be presented.
B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words.
D. Why written language is reliable.
What is the paragraph mainly about？
[思路点拨] 根据本段可知，如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不偏袒
于某部分人类的历史，你不能仅仅通过文字材料来讲述，因为只有一部
分世界曾经有文字材料，而世界上的大部分地方，在大多数时间里，都
没有文字材料。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到不久前，甚至许多有
文字的社会也不仅用文字，还用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。由此可
推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。
[答案]
A　
随堂巩固4
（2023·浙江卷D）According to the Solar Energy Industry
Association， the number of solar panels installed（安装） has grown
rapidly in the past decade， and it has to grow even faster to meet climate
goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space， and though more
and more people accept the concept of solar energy， few like large solar
panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as
possible， so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them.
Often， they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals
tocontrol weeds. The result is that many communities， especially in farming
regions， see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors，” says Jordan
Macknick， the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact
Reductions on the Environment（InSPIRE）project. “They need to be
protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE
is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar develop-
ment， which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that
is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is
providing habitat for pollinators（传粉昆虫）.
Habitat loss， pesticide use and climate change have caused dramatic
declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades， which has
damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws
related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation
organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens，
businesses， schools， cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years， many solar farm developers have transformed
the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of
pollinators， resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These
pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything
that’s going on in the landscape，” says Macknick.
（　B　）1. What do solar developers often ignore？
A. The decline in the demand for solar energy.
B. The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C. The rising labor cost of building solar farms.
D. The most recent advances in solar technology.
B
（　C　）2. What does InSPIRE aim to do？
A. Improve the productivity of local farms.
B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
C
（　A　）3. What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in Paragraph 4？
A. To conserve pollinators.
B. To restrict solar development.
C. To diversify the economy.
D. To ensure the supply of energy.
A
（　D　）4. Which of the following is the best title for the text？
A. Pollinators： to leave or to stay
B. Solar energy： hope for the future
C. InSPIRE： a leader in agriculture
D. Solar farms： a new development
D