备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递专题05 ：阅读理解之说明文10篇(第二期)(新高考九省专用)（含解析）
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备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(新高考九省专用)
第二期
专题05 阅读理解之说明文10篇
（23-24高三下·江西赣州·阶段练习）Chilly weather and common respiratory (呼吸器官的) infections often go hand in hand. Reasons for this include people gather inside more in winter and viruses survive better in low-humidity indoor air. But there has been less certainty about whether lower temperatures actually impair human immunity (免疫力) and, if so, how.
Now, a new study published December 6, 2022, in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology details a previously unknown way that the immune system attacks viruses inside the nose and finds it works better when it’s warm.
Mansoor Amiji, a pharmaceutical sciences professor at Northeastern University, found that our noses released “extracellular vesicles” (EVs) — a spray of tiny sacs (囊) that gathered and destroyed bacteria upon breathing in.
For the new research, the team set out to answer a question: is the strength of EVS’ response linked to temperature
In order to tackle the question, they divided the nasal (鼻的) cell samples into two groups and cultivated them in a lab, subjecting one set of samples to 37C, and the other to 32°C．
Under regular body heat conditions, the EVs were successfully able to fight off viruses. But under the reduced temperatures, fewer EVs were produced, and those that were made packed less attack against the invaders tested: two rhinoviruses (鼻病毒的) and a non-COVID coronavirus, which are typically found in winter cold season.
“There’s never been a convincing reason why you have this very clear increase in viral infectivity in the cold months,” said co-author Benjamin Bleier, a surgeon at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear. “This is the first quantitative and biologically reasonable explanation that has been developed.” He added.
“These discoveries could pave the way for an eventual treatment against the common cold, or even the flu and COVID,” said Amiji, “That’s an area of great interest for us and we certainly continue to pursue that.”
1．What does the underlined word “impair” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Damage. B．Improve. C．Influence. D．Preserve.
2．How did Mansoor Amiji conduct the new research
A．By raising a question. B．By cultivating the nasal samples.
C．By setting the contrast experiment. D．By adjusting the temperature in the lab.
3．What can we know about the EVs according to the research
A．The EVs are typically found in the cold season.
B．The EVs release sacs to destroy bacteria upon inhalation.
C．The EVs won’t resist the rhinoviruses under regular body heat conditions.
D．The EVs’ quantity and attack power are positively associated with temperature.
4．What is Benjamin Bleier’s attitude towards the result of the study
A．Skeptical. B．Approved. C．Conservative. D．Indifferent.
（23-24高三下·江西·阶段练习）Baidu, a Chinese search engine and artificial intelligence firm, announced its latest electric autonomous driving vehicle, Apollo RT6, on Thursday. The new vehicle is a fully electric vehicle with a steering wheel (方向盘) that can be removed when not required. It will cost 250,000 per unit.
“The steering-wheel-free design allows more space for extra seating or other additions and the massive cost reduction will enable us to put tens of thousands of autonomous vehicles into operation across China,” Robin Li, co-founder and CEO of Baidu, said at the firm's Baidu World Conference Thursday. “We are moving towards a future where taking a robotaxi will be half the cost of taking a taxi today.”
Baidu already runs Apollo Go and Apollo Moon, taxi services using self-driving robotaxis with safety staff seated in the driver or passenger seat. They have been in operation in big cities like Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Guangzhou, although the service is limited to specific areas. The new vehicle will soon join those robotaxis.
The RT6 has reached the industry's Level 4 out of five possible levels of technology. That means its systems can operate without a driver but must be pre-loaded with a detailed map, thus limiting the areas where the vehicles can operate. Lower levels of self-driving technology have been available for decades. For example, many Level-3 vehicles allow hands-free highway driving. Other kinds of self-driving robot vehicles are already widely used in factories warehouses and other tightly controlled settings.
Compared to previous generations where the technology was mainly used on conventional vehicles, the Apollo RT6 was designed specifically with fully autonomous driving in mind.
Baidu is best known for its search engine and online advertising services, but in recent years it has invested heavily in autonomous driving and artificial intelligence technology, including automated personal assistants and AI chips.
5．What can we know about Apollo RT6
A．It is free to run in any area. B．It has to operate with a driver.
C．It will be cheaper to operate. D．It can work without a detailed map.
6．The technology of a fully self-driving vehicle should reach__________.
A．Level 2 B．Level 3 C．Level 4 D．Level 5
7．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to
A．A personal assistant. B．A company.
C．A search engine. D．A fully autonomous car.
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．An Introduction to Baidu's Latest Vehicle: Apollo RT6
B．Baidu's Future Plan for Its Electric Vehicle: Apollo RT6
C．Limitations of the Level-4 Self-driving Electric Vehicles
D．The Great Market Potential for Fully Autonomous Vehicles
（2024·山西太原·一模）Pick up any packaged processed food, and there’s a decent chance that one of its listed ingredients will be “natural flavor”. The ingredient sounds good, particularly in contrast to “artificial flavor”. But what exactly does natural flavor mean It refers to extracts (提取物) got from natural sources like plants, meat or seafood. When consumers see “natural flavor” on a label, they are unlikely to assume that someone is squeezing the juice from oranges into their bottle. They know even though natural flavor must come from natural sources, it needn’t all come from the plant or meat. For example, orange flavor might contain not only orange extract, but also extracts from bark and grass. Nor is the common belief true that ingredients extracted from nature are necessarily safer than something artificially made.
So if flavors like orange are needed, why not just use oranges The answer comes down to “availability, cost and sustainability”, according to flavor chemist Gary Reineccius of the University of Minnesota. “If you’re going to use all your grapes on grape soda,” Reineccius says, “you don’t have any grapes for wine making; the products are going to be exorbitant; besides, what do you do with the by-products you create after you’ve squeezed all the juice out of the grape ”
Actually, while chemists make natural flavors by extracting chemicals from natural ingredients, artificial flavors are made by creating the same chemicals artificially. The reason why companies bother to use natural flavors rather than artificial flavors is simple: marketing. “Many of these products have health titles,” says Platkin, professor from Hunter College. “Consumers may be talked to believe products with natural flavors are healthier, though they’re nutritionally no different from those with artificial flavors. Natural flavors may involve more forest clear-cutting and carbon emissions from transport than flavors created in the lab.”
Platkin suggests getting more transparent labeling on packaging that describes exactly what the natural or artificial flavors are, so consumers are not misled into buying one product over another because of “natural flavors”. Reineccius also offers some simple guidance: “Don’t buy anything because it says ‘natural flavors’. Buy
it because you like it.”
9．Which is a misunderstanding about the “natural flavor” juice according to paragraph 1
A．It comes from 100% original fruit. / B．It is nothing but advertising tricks.
C．It certainly contains extracts made in the lab. D．It is absolutely safer than juice with artificial flavors
10．What does the underlined word “exorbitant” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Popular. B．Expensive. C．Durable. D．Innovative.
11．Why do companies use natural flavors in their products
A．To cut the costs. B．To promote the sales.
C．To advocate a healthy diet. D．To avoid food safety issues.
12．What can we conclude from the text
A．Gary and Platkin hold opposite perspectives.
B．Natural flavors are more environmentally-friendly.
C．Customers are misled for ignoring labels on packaging.
D．Natural and artificial flavors are more alike than you think.
（2024·河南南阳·一模）Nature has the power to alter an element’s identity with time and space. This is evident by the transformative effect Britain’s deep coal mines have been showing after decades of being one of the biggest reasons for pollution. Now, they’re being employed to supply green energy to the town of Gateshead. The town is the first place to experience something like this in the country, but the success of the phenomenon has encouraged the authorities to apply it to other towns.
In 2021, coal was just producing 2% of electricity in the UK. Most of the electricity in the country is being supplied through oil and gas. This has resulted in massive abandoned coal mines all across the country. As years went by, these mines were flooded with water, making it a source of geothermal（地热的） energy, which is used to generate heat and electricity. Gateshead hosts such a mine in its town, whose council, therefore, launched a mine water project in March 2023.
The authorities put in a large central heat pump in the mine. Mine water can often sit with a temperature of 45℃. The water is then pumped using appliances to home heat pumps. The process increases the temperature further. The water then goes ahead and warms up the interior space and home water supply. After the heat from the water has been used, it’s sent back to the mine where it again goes through the same process. The project has been successful in supplying low-carbon heating to 350 high-rise buildings, a college and several office buildings.
“Recovering heat from mine water below the ground within abandoned coal mines provides an exciting opportunity to generate a low-carbon secure supply of heat, benefitting people living or working in buildings on
the coalfields,” said Gareth Farr, head of heat and by-product innovation at the Coal Authority.
The water resources through the mines are estimated to be two billion cubic meters or half the amount of water in Loch Ness. Farr added, “With many millions of people living upon abandoned coalfields in Great Britain, the potential for mine water heat could be significant.”
13．What does the town of Gateshead feature
A．It’s been one of the most heavily polluted areas. B．It has the most deep coal mines nationally.
C．It mainly relies on geothermal energy. D．It is the first one to reuse abandoned coal mines.
14．Why were many coal mines abandoned in the UK
A．They were quite remote. B．Prices of coal declined a lot.
C．There weren’t enough miners. D．The UK prioritizes cleaner energy.
15．What is implied in the last paragraph
A．The number of abandoned coal mines is stably increasing.
B．The future of sourcing energy from coal mines is promising.
C．The dependence on water resources in the UK is decreasing.
D．The technique to take advantage of mine water is impressive.
16．What is the text mainly about
A．An innovative way to obtain green energy. B．A method of living in harmony with nature.
C．A national project for abandoned facilities. D．A discussion on the future of coal mines.
（2024·河南南阳·一模）Text message acronyms (缩略词) caused plenty of confusion for the older generations when mobile phones became commonplace — now emojis are making the embarrassment become more serious.
Slack, a workplace messaging service, surveyed 9,400 office workers worldwide including 1,000 in the UK. It found the biggest emoji socially embarrassing action or mistake at work was pictures of lips. Most older workers did not realize the double meaning of the peach emoji, which for younger users means hips. Olivia Grace, a director at Slack, said, “The findings of our research are very clear — be careful when communicating with emojis across generations. Emojis offer a great way to communicate emotion, whether it’s a joke, support or something else, but it’s good to be aware that different meanings may exist to avoid any awkward interpretations.”
The simple smiling face was also a source of misunderstanding — 60 percent of over-40s used it to show happiness or pleasure but a significant number of younger workers used it to convey “deep anger”. An image of someone painting their nails was the most confusing — it meant nothing to the older generation, while the under-25s said they used it to say “there is gossip”, and the 25- to 40-year-olds used it to communicate making
themselves more beautiful. However, all ages agreed on the meaning of some emojis, such as a face with tears of laughter and a crying emoji.
Speaking about its reasons for conducting the survey, Slack said, “Are there certain emojis that should restrict your boss from using them Have your international colleagues ever misunderstood an emoji And do you usually wait to build a relationship before sending emojis at work ” It added that with thousands of emojis at users’ treatment, “there’s a lot of potential” to communicate by mistake.
Emojis are not technically a form of language, as they lack grammar. The original user of a particular emoji has no copyright on how it is to be understood. The significance of emojis belongs to those who use them, and they have a truly valuable role in written communication.
17．What did Slack find about emojis
A．Acronyms cause more confusion than them. B．People understand some of them differently.
C．It’s popular for office workers to use them. D．They can avoid many awkward situations.
18．How is the third paragraph developed
A．By analyzing causes. B．By raising questions.
C．By following time order. D．By making comparisons.
19．Why did Slack conduct the survey
A．To help people use emojis properly. B．To find original emojis.
C．To prove the convenience of emojis. D．To explain some special emojis.
20．What is the author’s attitude towards using emojis
A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
（23-24高三下·河南·阶段练习）From Wi-Fi-connected home security systems to smart toilets, the so-called Internet of Things (IOT) brings personalization and convenience to devices that help run homes. But with that come batteries that need to be replaced frequently. Now, researchers reporting in ACS Applied Energy Materials have brought solar panel technology indoors to power smart devices. They show which photovoltaic (PV) (光伏) systems work best under cool white LEDs, a common type of indoor lighting.
Indoor lighting differs from sunlight. Light bulbs are dimmer than the sun, and sunlight includes ultraviolet, infrared and visible light, while indoor lights typically shine light from a narrower region of the spectrum (光谱). Scientists have found ways to harness power from sunlight, using PV solar panels, but those panels are not the best for turning indoor light into electrical energy. Some next-generation PV materials have been tested with indoor light, but it’s not clear which are the most efficient at turning non-natural light into electricity.
So, the researchers compared a range of different PV technologies under the same type of indoor lighting.
The researchers obtained eight types of PV devices, ranging from traditional amorphous silicon to thin-film technologies such as dye-sensitized solar cells. They measured each material’s ability to turn light into electricity, first under simulated sunlight and then under a cool white LED light.
Gallium indium phosphide (磷化镓铟) PV cells showed the greatest efficiency under indoor light, turning nearly 40% of the light energy into electricity. As the researchers had expected, the gallium-containing material’s performance under sunlight was proper relative to the other materials tested due to its large band gap.
Gallium indium phosphide has not been used in commercially available PV cells yet, but this study points to its potential beyond solar power, the researchers say. However, they add that the gallium-containing materials are expensive and may not serve as a viable mass product to power smart home systems. Additionally, in the study, the researchers identified that part of the indoor light energy produced heat instead of electricity —information that will help improve future PVs to power indoor devices.
21．What normally goes hand in hand with home IOT
A．Abandoned batteries. B．A huge electricity-free device.
C．Inexpensive indoor solar panels. D．A common type of indoor lighting.
22．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “harness” in paragraph 2
A．Track. B．Hide. C．Employ. D．Prevent.
23．What can we learn about gallium indium phosphide PV cells
A．They are accessible and affordable for the public.
B．They actually produce heat instead of electricity.
C．They show little efficiency under indoor light.
D．They are not perfect enough to be popularized.
24．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Solar Panel Technology Is Losing Its Dominant Place
B．Gallium-containing Materials Are Running Out Rapidly
C．Internet of Things Are Greatly Influencing Our Daily Life
D．PV Systems Are Stepping Indoors to Power Smart Devices
（23-24高三下·河南·阶段练习）What if “looking your age” refers not to your face, but to your chest Osaka Metropolitan University scientists have developed an advanced artificial intelligence (AI) model that uses chest radiographs (光片) to assess a person’s biological age. More importantly, when it is different from the chronological age (实足年龄), it can signal a link with chronic (慢性的) diseases. These findings mark a breakthrough in medical imaging, paving the way for improved early disease detection and intervention.
The research team, led by graduate student Yasuhito Mitsuyama and Dr. Daiju Ueda from the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology at the Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, first constructed a deep learning-based AI model to estimate age from chest radiographs of healthy individuals. They then applied the model to radiographs of patients with known diseases to analyze the relationship between AI-estimated age and each disease. Given that AI trained on a single dataset tends to over fit, the researchers collected data from multiple institutions.
For the development, training, internal and external testing of the AI model for age estimation, a total of 67,099 chest radiographs were obtained between 2008 and 2021 from 36,051 healthy individuals who underwent health check-ups at three facilities.
To confirm the usefulness of AI-estimated age using chest radiographs as a biomarker, an additional 34,197 chest radiographs were collected from 34,197 patients with known diseases from two other institutions. The results showed that the difference between AI-estimated age and the patient’s chronological age was positively correlated with a variety of chronic diseases. In other words, the higher the AI-estimated age compared to the chronological age, the more likely individuals were to have these diseases.
“Chronological age is one of the most critical factors in medicine,” stated Mr. Mitsuyama. “Our results suggest that chest radiography-based apparent age may accurately reflect health conditions beyond chronological age. We aim to further develop this research and apply it to estimate the severity of chronic diseases, to predict life expectancy and to forecast possible surgical complications.”
25．What is the AI model used to do
A．Tell a patient’s chronological age. B．Estimate an individual’s biological age.
C．Develop advanced chest radiographs. D．Analyze individuals’ workout habits.
26．What did the research team do for their research
A．They followed patients for over two decades.
B．They obtained data from the same institution.
C．They collected a large number of chest radiographs.
D．They had face-to-face talks with healthy individuals.
27．How did the research team know if individuals might be sick
A．By making comparisons. B．By interviewing their doctors.
C．By observing them in their lab. D．By analyzing causes and effects.
28．Which of the following statement does Mr. Mitsuyama agree with
A．The research is too complex to be carried out widely.
B．The AI model is expected to have a promising future.
C．Chronological age matters more than AI-estimated age.
D．The research findings have been well received in medicine.
（2024·河南濮阳·一模）“The era of global warming has ended and the era of global boiling has arrived,” the UN secretary general, Antonio Guterres, said after scientists confirmed July 2023 was the world’s hottest month on record.
“Humanity is in the hot seat,” Guterres told a press conference on Thursday. “For vast parts of North America, Asia, Africa and Europe, it is a cruel summer. For the entire planet, it is a disaster. And for scientists, it is clear that humans are to blame. Climate change is here, it is terrifying, and it is just the beginning. The era of global warming has ended; the era of global boiling has arrived.”
Guterres urged politicians to take swift action. “The air is unbreathable, the heat is unbearable, and the level of fossil fuel profits and climate inaction is unacceptable. Leaders must lead. No more hesitancy, no more excuses, and no more waiting for others to move first. There is simply no more time for that.”
“It is still possible to limit global temperature rise to 1.5℃and avoid the very worst of climate change but only with dramatic, immediate climate action. We have seen some progress, but none of this is going far enough or fast enough. Accelerating temperatures demand accelerated action.”
The WMO secretary general, Petteri Taalas, said, “The need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is more urgent than ever before. Climate action is not a luxury but a must.”
Other climate scientists confirmed the findings. Karsten Haustein at Leipzig University found the world was 1.5℃ hotter in July 2023 than in the average July before industrialisation.
Marina Romanello, a climate and health researcher at University College London, said, “We have data showing how the very foundations of health are being undermined by climate change. But we still have time today to turn the tide and to ensure a liveable future for us and our children.”
29．What made Guterres feel worried
A．Global economy. B．Natural disasters.
C．Serious pollution. D．Rising temperatures.
30．Why did Gutemes use the phrase “global boiling”
A．To appeal to quick action. B．To change people’s concept.
C．To frighten the general public. D．To make his report vivid.
31．How does the author develop the text
A．By analyzing some facts. B．By quoting some experts.
C．By offering statistics. D．By giving explanations.
32．What would be the best title for the text
A．Global Bailing: It Is Time to Act.
B．Global Boiling: Who Is to Blame
C．Global Boiling: It Isn’t That Serious
D．Global Boling: What Measure n Should Be Taken
（2024·河南濮阳·一模）As the movie Nomadland revealed to the world, ever since the 2008 financial collapse, people have mowed into vehicles as a way of surviving the high cost of living. The pandemic also fuelled an increase in the nomadic (流浪的) lifestyle.
In 2020, my co-researcher Scott Rankin and I looked at how people who live in vehicles balance work and life. This year, I continued my research to better understand why people live this way.
People of all ages and genders take part in van (面包车) living. The average age of van dwellers (居住者) was 42. After asking respondents to rank the reasons why they chose to live in a vehicle, ranked from top to bottom are: 1) freedom, 2) low cost of living, 3) adventure, 4)connection to nature,5)minimalism,6)avoiding undesirable weather,7)starting a new life, 8)pursuing work in different places, 9)working remotely, 10)to be on their own, 11)to join a partner, 12)to leave a partner.
Above all else, vehicle dwellers sought to be free. Whether they were a re tire n in a $100,000 Mercedes van, or young Canadians working from a $5 ,000 van, respondents wanted to be able to move their home to any place that was best for them. For others, living in a vehicle minimized their costs, allowing them to work less or make the most of their income without paying rent.
As it turns out, van living is not a fad. While many respondents were new to van living, on average, respondents indicated they had been living in a vehicle for an average of 2.5 years. Seventy-eight per cent of respondents permanently lived in a vehicle.
As the housing crisis deepens, we may see more people consider van living as a means of surviving the high cost of living. It will be up to the government to accept this alternative living arrangement, and consider having parking and facilities to support those who choose to live this way.
33．What’s the purpose of the author’s research
A．To advocate a new lifestyle. B．To produce a scientific theory.
C．To understand a social phenomenon. D．To improve some people’s living conditions.
34．What do we learn about van dwellers
A．Their top concern is money. B．They have different motives.
C．They value family more than work. D．They are mainly adventurous people.
35．What does the underlined word “fad” in paragraph 5probably mean
A．Something that isn’t suitable for all. B．Something that isn’t likely to last.
C．Something that is popular for long. D．Something that attracts old people.
36．What’s the author’s attitude to van living
A．Uncaring. B．Tolerant. C．Approving. D．Opposed.
（2024·山西·二模）Nearly 50 billion pieces of litter are thrown along US roadways and waterways, according to a 2020 study by the non-profit Keep America Beautiful (KAB). That estimate includes more than 800 million pieces of fast-food packaging, 2. 6 billion food-packaging-film items, and 207 million pieces of personal protective equipment, like masks and gloves. Not all litter, however, is intentional. A large volume of litter also comes from unsecured items that fall off the back of vehicles or out of trash receptacles (容器).
To address the country’s ongoing litter problem, some public libraries are creating kits to help people clean up their neighborhoods.
”We want people to be involved in the community, says Samantha Hanchett, marketing coordinator (协调者) at Thomas County Public Library System (TCPLS). “Doing something that benefits everyone, even though it’s quite quiet, is really what a library does all the time.”
The library system launched a litter clean-up program with Keep Thomas County Beautiful (KTCB), the local KAB chapter (地方分会), in 2020. Actually, the chapter had previously held group clean-up events and naturally inspired more individual or joint efforts. As a result, KTCB partnered with the library to create kits for people in the library to check out.
Each kit contains items such as trash bags, gloves, reflective vests, and a booklet with guidance-lines and suggestions for where to clean up in the community. Litter kits are housed at the library system’s main branch in Thomasville, but people can request they be sent to their local branch for pick-up.
Hanchett estimates that kits are checked out between 30 and 45 times each year, noting that they are most popular with groups and grade school students. “People like the convenience of the kits because it’s something they can do on their own time,” she says. “It’s an elastic way of getting involved instead of having an appointed time in which you take part in the activity.”
37．Why are the data mentioned in Paragraph 1
A．To indicate the pressing litter issue in the US.
B．To show the people’s habits of throwing litter.
C．To present convincing proof of environmental issues.
D．To urge people to preserve roadways and waterways.
38．What is the library always doing
A．Trying to carry out something to benefit all.
B．Removing the litter by uniting common people.
C．Asking people to get involved in the community.
D．Doing some quiet things to advocate environmental protection.
39．What can we know about KTCB
A．It created clean-up kits for people to buy.
B．It could stimulate people to borrow kits.
C．It used to launch similar clean-up projects.
D．It was good at holding litter clean-up programs.
40．Which of the following can replace ”elastic“ underlined in Paragraph 6
A．Dull. B．Tense. C．Flexible. D．Entertaining.
参考答案：
1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个关于低温是否影响人体免疫力的实验，介绍了实验的经过以及发现等情况。
1．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Reasons for this include people gather inside more in winter and viruses survive better in low-humidity indoor air.(究其原因，冬天人们更多地聚集在室内，而病毒在低湿度的室内空气中更容易存活)”以及“there has been less certainty about whether lower temperatures actually”可知，上文提到病毒在低湿度的室内空气中更容易存活，故划线词所在句意思是低温是否真的会损害人体免疫力。故划线词意思是“破坏”。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第五段“In order to tackle the question, they divided the nasal (鼻的) cell samples into two groups and cultivated them in a lab, subjecting one set of samples to 37C, and the other to 32°C.(为了解决这个问题，他们将鼻细胞样本分成两组，并在实验室中培养，将一组样本置于37℃，另一组置于32℃)”可知，Mansoor Amiji通过设置对比实验进行这项新研究。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“But under the reduced temperatures, fewer EVs were produced, and those that were made packed less attack against the invaders tested: two rhinoviruses (鼻病毒的) and a non-COVID coronavirus, which are typically found in winter cold season.(但在温度降低的情况下，EV的数量减少了，而那些被包装好的EV对测试的入侵者的攻击也减少了：两种鼻病毒和一种非冠状病毒，这两种病毒通常在冬季寒冷季节发现)”可知，EV的数量和攻击力与温度呈正相关。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““There’s never been a convincing reason why you have this very clear increase in viral infectivity in the cold months,” said co-author Benjamin Bleier, a surgeon at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear. “This is the first quantitative and biologically reasonable explanation that has been developed.” He added.(“从来没有一个令人信服的原因，为什么在寒冷的月份病毒传染性会明显增加，”哈佛医学院和马萨诸塞州眼耳外科医生本杰明·布莱尔说。“这是第一个定量的、生物学上合理的解释。”他补充说)”可知，Benjamin Bleier对研究结果的态度是赞成的。故选B。
5．C 6．D 7．B 8．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了百度公司最新推出的无人驾驶汽车RT6。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“The steering-wheel-free design allows more space for extra seating or other additions and the massive cost reduction will enable us to put tens of thousands of autonomous vehicles into operation across China(无方向盘的设计为额外的座位或其他附加设施提供了更多的空间，大规模的成本降低将使我们能够在中国投入数万辆自动驾驶汽车)”及“We are moving towards a future where taking a robotaxi will be half the cost of taking a taxi today.(我们正在走向一个未来，乘坐机器人出租车的花销将是今天乘坐出租车的一半)”可知，该款汽车的运营成本会降低。故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段“The RT6 has reached the industry's Level 4 out of five possible levels of technology. That means its systems can operate without a driver but must be pre-loaded with a detailed map, thus limiting the areas where the vehicles can operate.(RT6在5个可能的技术水平中达到了行业的第4级。这意味着它的系统可以在没有司机的情况下运行，但必须预先加载详细的地图，从而限制了车辆可以运行的区域)”可知，该款汽车已达到level4还是有局限，由此可知，要达到完全的无人驾驶技术应该更高于level4。故选D项。
7．词句猜测题。该代词it在分句中做主语应和上一句“Baidu is best known for its search engine and online advertising services(百度以其搜索引擎和在线广告服务而闻名)”主语相同，应指代百度公司。故选B项。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Baidu, a Chinese search engine and artificial intelligence firm, announced its latest electric autonomous driving vehicle, Apollo RT6, on Thursday. The new vehicle is a fully electric vehicle with a steering wheel（方向盘）that can be removed when not required. It will cost 250,000 per unit. (周四，中国搜索引擎和人工智能公司百度宣布了其最新的电动自动驾驶汽车阿波罗RT6。这款新车是一款全电动汽车，方向盘可以在不需要的时候拆卸。每台售价25万元)”并结合全文可知，本文主要是介绍了百度公司新推出的一款全自动汽车。故选A项。
9．D 10．B 11．B 12．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了天然风味的来源，使用天然风味的原因，及天然风味和人造风味的相似。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“Nor is the common belief true that ingredients extracted from nature are necessarily safer than something artificially made.(人们普遍认为，从大自然中提取的成分一
定比人工制造的成分更安全，这也是不对的)”可知，D选项“‘天然风味’果汁绝对比添加人工香料的果汁安全”属于误解，故选D项。
10．词句猜测题。根据第二段““If you’re going to use all your grapes on grape soda,” Reineccius says, “you don’t have any grapes for wine making; the products are going to be exorbitant (如果你要把所有的葡萄都用在葡萄汽水上，就没有葡萄来酿酒，产品就会exorbitant)”可知，葡萄汽水百分百由葡萄制成，这个产品会变得昂贵，故划线词exorbitant意思是“昂贵的”。故选B项。
11．细节理解题 根据第三段“The reason why companies bother to use natural flavors rather than artificial flavors is simple: marketing.(公司使用天然风味而不是人工风味的原因很简单：营销)”可知，公司在他们的产品中使用天然香料是为了营销，故选B项。
12．推理判断题。根据第三段“Consumers may be talked to believe products with natural flavors are healthier, though they’re nutritionally no different from those with artificial flavors.(消费者可能会被说服相信天然风味的产品更健康，尽管它们在营养上与人造风味没有什么不同)”可知，天然风味和人工风味比你想象的更相似。故选D项。
13．D 14．D 15．B 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是英国利用废弃煤矿来供应绿色能源，通过从地热水中获取热能来取暖和发电。这项创新方法已在Gateshead镇成功实施，对其他城镇也具有潜力。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Now, they’re being employed to supply green energy to the town of Gateshead. The town is the first place to experience something like this in the country, but the success of the phenomenon has encouraged the authorities to apply it to other towns.(现在，他们受雇为盖茨黑德镇提供绿色能源。该镇是全国第一个体验到这种现象的地方，但这种现象的成功促使当局将其应用到其他城镇)”可知，该镇是全英国第一个重新利用废弃煤矿的国家。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 2021, coal was just producing 2% of electricity in the UK. Most of the electricity in the country is being supplied through oil and gas. This has resulted in massive abandoned coal mines all across the country. (2021年，煤炭仅占英国电力的2%。这个国家的大部分电力是通过石油和天然气供应的。这导致了全国各地大量的废弃煤矿)”可知，由于英国优先发展清洁能源，导致了全国各地大量的废弃煤矿。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The water resources through the mines are estimated to be two billion cubic meters or half the amount of water in Loch Ness. Farr added, “With many millions of people living upon abandoned coalfields in Great Britain, the potential for mine water heat could be significant.”(据估计，通过这些矿山开采的水资源约为20亿立方米，相当于尼斯湖水量的一半。法尔补充说：“在英国，有数百万人生活在废弃的煤田里，矿井热水的潜力可能是巨大的。”)”可知，矿山开采的水资源数量巨大并且矿井热水的潜力可能是巨大的即从煤矿中获取能源的未来是有希望的。故选B。
16．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“This is evident by the transformative effect Britain’s deep coal mines have been showing after decades of being one of the biggest reasons for pollution. Now, they’re being employed to supply green energy to the town of Gateshead. The town is the first place to experience something like this in the country, but the success of the phenomenon has encouraged the authorities to apply it to other towns.( 这一点在英国深层煤矿显示出了转变的效果，几十年来它们一直是污染的主要原因之一。现在，它们被用来为Gateshead镇提供绿色能源。这个镇是整个英国第一个经历这样一种现象的地方，但这一成功激励了当局将其应用到其他城镇)”以及通读全文可知，整篇文章主要介绍了利用废弃煤矿从地热水中获取绿色能源的创新方法。文章提到了Gateshead镇是第一个尝试这种方法的地方，还提到了项目的成功和潜力。因此，文章主要是关于一种获取绿色能源的创新方法。A选项“An innovative way to obtain green energy.( 一种获得绿色能源的创新方式)”概括文章主要内容。故选A。
17．B 18．D 19．A 20．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍工作场所即时通讯服务Slack通过调查发现，不同年龄段的人对一些表情符号的理解会有不同，在使用表情符号，尤其是跨代使用表情符号交流时要小心，因为会造成误解和尴尬。
17．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“It found the biggest emoji socially embarrassing action or mistake at work was pictures of lips. Most older workers did not realize the double meaning of the peach emoji, which for younger users means hips. Olivia Grace, a director at Slack, said, “The findings of our research are very clear—be careful when communicating with emojis across generations. Emojis offer a great way to communicate emotion, whether it’s a joke, support or something else, but it’s good to be aware that different meanings may exist to avoid any awkward interpretations.” (研究发现，工作中最令人尴尬的表情符号行为或错误是嘴唇的图片。大多数
年长的员工没有意识到桃子表情符号的双重含义，它对年轻用户来说意味着臀部。Slack的主管奥利维亚·格雷斯说：‘我们的研究结果非常明确——在跨代使用表情符号交流时要小心。表情符号提供了一种很好的情感交流方式，无论是笑话、支持还是其他什么，但最好意识到可能存在不同的含义，以避免任何尴尬的解释。’)”可知，Slack对表情符号的研究发现人们对其中一些的理解不同。故选B。
18．推理判断题。由文章第三段“The simple smiling face was also a source of misunderstanding—60 percent of over-40s used it to show happiness or pleasure but a significant number of younger workers used it to convey “deep anger”. An image of someone painting their nails was the most confusing—it meant nothing to the older generation, while the under-25s said they used it to say “there is gossip”, and the 25- to 40-year-olds used it to communicate making themselves more beautiful. However, all ages agreed on the meaning of some emojis, such as a face with tears of laughter and a crying emoji. (简单的微笑也是误解的来源——60%的40岁以上的员工用它来表达幸福或快乐，但相当多的年轻员工用它来表达‘深深的愤怒’。最让人困惑的是有人在涂指甲的图片——这对老一辈的人来说毫无意义，而25岁以下的人说他们用它来表示‘有八卦’，而25岁到40岁的人则用它来交流，让自己变得更漂亮。然而，所有年龄段的人对一些表情符号的含义都是一致的，比如笑哭的脸和哭泣的表情符号。)”可知，第三段通过比较不同年龄段对于同一表情符号的理解来阐述表情符号会产生误解。故选D。
19．推理判断题。由文章第四段“Speaking about its reasons for conducting the survey, Slack said, “Are there certain emojis that should restrict your boss from using them Have your international colleagues ever misunderstood an emoji And do you usually wait to build a relationship before sending emojis at work ” It added that with thousands of emojis at users’ treatment, “there’s a lot of potential” to communicate by mistake. (在谈到进行这项调查的原因时，Slack表示：‘有没有某些表情符号应该限制你的老板使用？你的国际同事有没有误解过表情符号？你通常会等到建立关系后再在工作中发送表情符号吗？’该公司补充说，由于用户可以随意使用数千个表情符号，因此错误沟通的‘可能性很大’。)”可知，Slack进行这项调查是为了帮助人们正确使用表情符号。故选A。
20．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Emojis are not technically a form of language, as they lack grammar. The original user of a particular emoji has no copyright on how it is to be understood. The significance of emojis belongs to those who use them, and they have a truly valuable role in written communication.(从技术上讲，表情符号并不是一种语言，因为它们缺乏语法。特定表
情符号的原始用户对如何理解该表情符号没有版权。表情符号的意义属于使用它们的人，它们在书面交流中发挥着真正有价值的作用。)”可知，作者对使用表情符号的态度是赞同的。故选D。
21．A 22．C 23．D 24．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲的是研究人员在《ACS应用能源材料》杂志上宣称，他们已经将太阳能电池板技术引入室内，为智能设备供电。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段“But with that come batteries that need to be replaced frequently.(但随之而来的是需要频繁更换的电池。)”可知，家庭物联网通常会导致废弃电池的产生。故选A。
22．词句猜测题。根据第二段“power from sunlight, using PV solar panels(来自阳光的能量，使用光伏太阳能电池板)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“科学家们已经找到了利用太阳能发电的方法”，划线词harness的意思是“利用”，与Employ的意思最接近。故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, they add that the gallium-containing materials are expensive and may not serve as a viable mass product to power smart home systems. Additionally, in the study, the researchers identified that part of the indoor light energy produced heat instead of electricity —information that will help improve future PVs to power indoor devices.(然而，他们补充说，含镓材料价格昂贵，可能不会作为一种可行的大规模产品，为智能家居系统供电。此外，在研究中，研究人员发现部分室内光能产生热量而不是电能——这一信息将有助于改进未来为室内设备供电的PV。)”可推断，磷化镓铟光伏电池还不够完美，无法普及。故选D。
24．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是文章第一段“Now, researchers reporting in ACS Applied Energy Materials have brought solar panel technology indoors to power smart devices. They show which photovoltaic (PV) (光伏) systems work best under cool white LEDs, a common type of indoor lighting.(现在，研究人员在ACS应用能源材料杂志上报道，他们已经将太阳能电池板技术引入室内，为智能设备供电。他们展示了哪种光伏（PV）系统在冷白光LED（一种常见的室内照明）下工作得最好。)”可知，本文主要介绍研究人员试图将光伏系统引入室内，为智能设备供电，因此最恰当的标题是D选项“PV Systems Are Stepping Indoors to Power Smart Devices(光伏系统正在进入室内为智能设备供电。)”。故选D。
25．B 26．C 27．A 28．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们开发了一种先进的人工智能模型，该模型利用胸片估算个人的生理年龄。如果胸片显示的年龄比实足年龄越高，那么个人患有慢性病的可能性就越高。
25．细节理解题。由第一段中“Osaka Metropolitan University scientists have developed an advanced artificial intelligence (AI) model that uses chest radiographs (光片) to assess a person’s biological age. (大阪都市大学的科学家开发了一种先进的人工智能（AI）模型，该模型使用胸部射线照片来评估一个人的生物年龄)”可知，科学家们用这种人工智能模型估算个人的生理年龄。故选B项。
26．细节理解题。由第二段中“The research team, led by graduate student Yasuhito Mitsuyama and Dr. Daiju Ueda from the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology at the Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, first constructed a deep learning-based AI model to estimate age from chest radiographs of healthy individuals. (该研究团队由大阪都市大学医学研究生院诊断与介入放射学系的研究生三山康仁和上田代菊博士领导，首先构建了一个基于深度学习的人工智能模型，用于从健康人的胸透照片中估计年龄)”，第三段“For the development, training, internal and external testing of the AI model for age estimation, a total of 67,099 chest radiographs were obtained between 2008 and 2021 from 36,051 healthy individuals who underwent health check-ups at three facilities (为了开发、培训、内部和外部测试用于年龄估计的人工智能模型，在2008年至2021年间，共从36051名在三个设施接受健康检查的健康个体中获得了67099张胸透照片)”和第四段中“To confirm the usefulness of AI-estimated age using chest radiographs as a biomarker, an additional 34,197 chest radiographs were collected from 34,197 patients with known diseases from two other institutions. (为了证实使用胸部X线片作为生物标志物的人工智能估计年龄的有用性，从另外两个机构的34197名已知疾病患者中额外收集了34197张胸透照片)”可知，研究团队在研究过程中收集了大量的胸透照片。故选C项。
27．细节理解题。由第四段中“The results showed that the difference between AI-estimated age and the patient’s chronological age was positively correlated with a variety of chronic diseases. In other words, the higher the AI-estimated age compared to the chronological age, the more likely individuals were to have these diseases. (结果表明，AI估计年龄与患者实际年龄之间的差异与多种慢性疾病呈正相关。换句话说，人工智能估计的年龄与实际年龄相比越高，个体患这些
疾病的可能性就越大)”可知，研究团队对比了人工智能模型估算的年龄和实际年龄，人工智能估算的年龄比实际年龄越高，说明这个人越有可能患有一些慢性疾病，可知研究小组通过比较知道个人是否生病。故选A项。
28．推理判断题。由最后一段““Chronological age is one of the most critical factors in medicine,” stated Mr. Mitsuyama. “Our results suggest that chest radiography-based apparent age may accurately reflect health conditions beyond chronological age. We aim to further develop this research and apply it to estimate the severity of chronic diseases, to predict life expectancy and to forecast possible surgical complications.”(Mitsuyama先生说：“年龄是医学中最关键的因素之一。”“我们的研究结果表明，基于胸部造影的表观年龄可以准确反映年龄以外的健康状况。我们的目标是进一步发展这项研究，并将其应用于估计慢性病的严重程度、预测预期寿命和预测可能的手术并发症。”)”可知，Mr. Mitsuyma团队的研究结果表明，胸片显示的表观年龄可以准确地反映超出实际年龄的健康状况，他们以后也会继续深入研究以期能让他们的研究成果得到广泛运用。由此可推断，Mr. Mitsuyama认为他所在团队开发的人工智能模型的前景很好。故选B项。
29．D 30．A 31．B 32．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了“全球沸腾”这一气候问题，并呼吁立即采取行动。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段中的““For vast parts of North America, Asia, Africa and Europe, it is a cruel summer. For the entire planet, it is a disaster. And for scientists, it is clear that humans are to blame. Climate change is here, it is terrifying, and it is just the beginning. The era of global warming has ended; the era of global boiling has arrived.” (“对北美、亚洲、非洲和欧洲的大部分地区来说，这是一个残酷的夏天。对整个地球来说，这都是一场灾难。对科学家来说，很明显，人类应该受到谴责。气候变化就在这里，它很可怕，这只是一个开始。全球变暖的时代已经结束，全球沸腾的时代已经到来。”)”可知，古特雷斯对不断上升的气温感到担忧。故选D。
30．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句““The era of global warming has ended; the era of global boiling has arrived.” (“全球变暖的时代已经结束，全球沸腾的时代已经到来。”)”以及第三段第一句的“Guterres urged politicians to take swift action. (古特雷斯敦促政界人士迅速采取行动。)”可知，古特雷斯使用“全球沸腾”这个词语是为了呼吁迅速采取行动。故选A。
31．推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者在前4个自然段引用古特雷斯关于“全球沸腾”的讲话并敦促政界人士迅速采取行动、第五段引用世界气象组织秘书长佩蒂瑞·塔拉斯的讲话、第六段引用莱比锡大学的卡斯滕·豪斯坦的讲话以及最后一段引用伦敦大学学院气候与健康研究员玛丽娜·罗马内洛的讲话可知，作者通过引用一些专家的话来展开本文。故选B。
32．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The era of global warming has ended and the era of global boiling has arrived…(全球变暖的时代已经结束，全球沸腾的时代已经到来……)”可知，本文主要围绕“全球沸腾”这一问题展开，并呼吁立即采取行动来应对这一问题。A项“Global Bailing: It Is Time to Act. (全球救助：是时候采取行动了。)”最能概括本文主旨。故选A。
33．C 34．B 35．B 36．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。随着住房危机的加深主要介绍了面包车生活这一新型的生活方式。随着住房危机的加深，可能会有更多的人将面包车生活视为一种在高昂的生活成本中生存的手段。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This year, I continued my research to better understand why people live this way. (今年，我继续我的研究，以更好地理解人们为什么会这样生活。)”可知，作者研究的目的是了解面包车生活这种社会现象。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After asking respondents to rank the reasons why they chose to live in a vehicle, ranked from top to bottom are: 1) freedom, 2) low cost of living, 3) adventure, 4)connection to nature,5)minimalism,6)avoiding undesirable weather,7)starting a new life, 8)pursuing work in different places, 9)working remotely, 10)to be on their own, 11)to join a partner, 12)to leave a partner. (在要求受访者对他们选择住在车里的原因进行排名后，从上到下依次为：1）自由，2）低生活成本，3）冒险，4）与自然的联系，5）极简主义，6）避免不良天气，7）开始新生活，8）在不同的地方追求工作，9）远程工作，10）独自生活，11）加入伴侣，12）离开伴侣。)”可知，面包车居民有不同的动机。故选B。
35．词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“While many respondents were new to van living, on average, respondents indicated they had been living in a vehicle for an average of 2.5 years. Seventy-eight per cent of respondents permanently lived in a vehicle. (虽然许多受访者对面包车生活是新手，但平均而言，受访者表示他们在车上生活的时间平均为2.5年。78%的受访者永久居住在车内。)”可知，面包车生活并不是风靡一时的风尚。A. Something that isn’t suitable for all.不适合所有人的东西；B. Something that isn’t likely to last.不太可能持续的事情。C.
Something that is popular for long.长期流行的东西。D. Something that attracts old people.吸引老年人的东西。故选B。
36．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“As the housing crisis deepens, we may see more people consider van living as a means of surviving the high cost of living. It will be up to the government to accept this alternative living arrangement, and consider having parking and facilities to support those who choose to live this way. (随着住房危机的加深，我们可能会看到更多的人将面包车生活视为一种在高昂的生活成本中生存的手段。这将取决于政府是否接受这种替代性的生活安排，并考虑提供停车场和设施来支持那些选择这种生活方式的人。)”可知，作者对面包车生活持赞成的态度。故选C。
37．A 38．A 39．C 40．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国的非营利组织KAB致力于解决美国的垃圾问题。
37．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Nearly 50 billion pieces of litter are thrown along US roadways and waterways, according to a 2020 study by the non-profit Keep America Beautiful (KAB). That estimate includes more than 800 million pieces of fast-food packaging, 2.6 billion food-packaging-film items, and 207 million pieces of personal protective equipment, like masks and gloves.(根据非营利组织“保持美国美丽”(KAB) 2020年的一项研究，近500亿件垃圾被扔在美国的公路和水道上。这一估计包括超过8亿份快餐包装。60亿件食品包装薄膜，2.07亿件个人防护装备，如口罩和手套。)”可知，2020年的一项研究表明近500亿件垃圾被扔在美国的公路和水道上。这包括超过8亿份快餐包装，60亿件食品包装薄膜，2.07亿件个人防护装备，如口罩和手套。因此第一段列举数据是为了展现美国的垃圾问题的解决迫在眉睫。故选A。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Doing something that benefits everyone, even though it’s quite quiet, is really what a library does all the time.”(“做一些对每个人都有益的事情，即使它很安静，这才是图书馆一直在做的事情。”)”可知，图书馆做一些对每个人都有益的事情即做的是所有人都获益的事情。故选A。
39．推理判断题。通过第四段中“The library system launched a litter clean-up program with Keep Thomas County Beautiful (KTCB), the local KAB chapter(地方分会), in 2020. (2020年，图书馆系统与当地KAB分会“保持托马斯县美丽”(KTCB)一起启动了一项垃圾清理计划。)”可知，
KTCB与图书馆系统合作，在2020年举办垃圾清理活动。故选C。
40．词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的内容“instead of having an appointed time in which you take part in the activity.(而不是有一个指定的时间来参加活动。)”可知，人们喜欢这些工具包的便利性，因为这是他们可以利用自己的时间做的事情。因此，这是一种有弹性的参与方式，而不是要在一个指定的时间来参与这个活动。故划线词与C选项“Flexible.(灵活的)”为同义词。故选C。
第二期
专题05 阅读理解之说明文10篇
（23-24高三下·江西赣州·阶段练习）Chilly weather and common respiratory (呼吸器官的) infections often go hand in hand. Reasons for this include people gather inside more in winter and viruses survive better in low-humidity indoor air. But there has been less certainty about whether lower temperatures actually impair human immunity (免疫力) and, if so, how.
Now, a new study published December 6, 2022, in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology details a previously unknown way that the immune system attacks viruses inside the nose and finds it works better when it’s warm.
Mansoor Amiji, a pharmaceutical sciences professor at Northeastern University, found that our noses released “extracellular vesicles” (EVs) — a spray of tiny sacs (囊) that gathered and destroyed bacteria upon breathing in.
For the new research, the team set out to answer a question: is the strength of EVS’ response linked to temperature
In order to tackle the question, they divided the nasal (鼻的) cell samples into two groups and cultivated them in a lab, subjecting one set of samples to 37C, and the other to 32°C．
Under regular body heat conditions, the EVs were successfully able to fight off viruses. But under the reduced temperatures, fewer EVs were produced, and those that were made packed less attack against the invaders tested: two rhinoviruses (鼻病毒的) and a non-COVID coronavirus, which are typically found in winter cold season.
“There’s never been a convincing reason why you have this very clear increase in viral infectivity in the cold months,” said co-author Benjamin Bleier, a surgeon at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear. “This is the first quantitative and biologically reasonable explanation that has been developed.” He added.
“These discoveries could pave the way for an eventual treatment against the common cold, or even the flu and COVID,” said Amiji, “That’s an area of great interest for us and we certainly continue to pursue that.”
1．What does the underlined word “impair” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Damage. B．Improve. C．Influence. D．Preserve.
2．How did Mansoor Amiji conduct the new research
A．By raising a question. B．By cultivating the nasal samples.
C．By setting the contrast experiment. D．By adjusting the temperature in the lab.
3．What can we know about the EVs according to the research
A．The EVs are typically found in the cold season.
B．The EVs release sacs to destroy bacteria upon inhalation.
C．The EVs won’t resist the rhinoviruses under regular body heat conditions.
D．The EVs’ quantity and attack power are positively associated with temperature.
4．What is Benjamin Bleier’s attitude towards the result of the study
A．Skeptical. B．Approved. C．Conservative. D．Indifferent.
（23-24高三下·江西·阶段练习）Baidu, a Chinese search engine and artificial intelligence firm, announced its latest electric autonomous driving vehicle, Apollo RT6, on Thursday. The new vehicle is a fully electric vehicle with a steering wheel (方向盘) that can be removed when not required. It will cost 250,000 per unit.
“The steering-wheel-free design allows more space for extra seating or other additions and the massive cost reduction will enable us to put tens of thousands of autonomous vehicles into operation across China,” Robin Li, co-founder and CEO of Baidu, said at the firm's Baidu World Conference Thursday. “We are moving towards a future where taking a robotaxi will be half the cost of taking a taxi today.”
Baidu already runs Apollo Go and Apollo Moon, taxi services using self-driving robotaxis with safety staff seated in the driver or passenger seat. They have been in operation in big cities like Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Guangzhou, although the service is limited to specific areas. The new vehicle will soon join those robotaxis.
The RT6 has reached the industry's Level 4 out of five possible levels of technology. That means its systems can operate without a driver but must be pre-loaded with a detailed map, thus limiting the areas where the vehicles can operate. Lower levels of self-driving technology have been available for decades. For example, many Level-3 vehicles allow hands-free highway driving. Other kinds of self-driving robot vehicles are already widely used in factories warehouses and other tightly controlled settings.
Compared to previous generations where the technology was mainly used on conventional vehicles, the Apollo RT6 was designed specifically with fully autonomous driving in mind.
Baidu is best known for its search engine and online advertising services, but in recent years it has invested heavily in autonomous driving and artificial intelligence technology, including automated personal assistants and AI chips.
5．What can we know about Apollo RT6
A．It is free to run in any area. B．It has to operate with a driver.
C．It will be cheaper to operate. D．It can work without a detailed map.
6．The technology of a fully self-driving vehicle should reach__________.
A．Level 2 B．Level 3 C．Level 4 D．Level 5
7．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to
A．A personal assistant. B．A company.
C．A search engine. D．A fully autonomous car.
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．An Introduction to Baidu's Latest Vehicle: Apollo RT6
B．Baidu's Future Plan for Its Electric Vehicle: Apollo RT6
C．Limitations of the Level-4 Self-driving Electric Vehicles
D．The Great Market Potential for Fully Autonomous Vehicles
（2024·山西太原·一模）Pick up any packaged processed food, and there’s a decent chance that one of its listed ingredients will be “natural flavor”. The ingredient sounds good, particularly in contrast to “artificial flavor”. But what exactly does natural flavor mean It refers to extracts (提取物) got from natural sources like plants, meat or seafood. When consumers see “natural flavor” on a label, they are unlikely to assume that someone is squeezing the juice from oranges into their bottle. They know even though natural flavor must come from natural sources, it needn’t all come from the plant or meat. For example, orange flavor might contain not only orange extract, but also extracts from bark and grass. Nor is the common belief true that ingredients extracted from nature are necessarily safer than something artificially made.
So if flavors like orange are needed, why not just use oranges The answer comes down to “availability, cost and sustainability”, according to flavor chemist Gary Reineccius of the University of Minnesota. “If you’re going to use all your grapes on grape soda,” Reineccius says, “you don’t have any grapes for wine making; the products are going to be exorbitant; besides, what do you do with the by-products you create after you’ve squeezed all the juice out of the grape ”
Actually, while chemists make natural flavors by extracting chemicals from natural ingredients, artificial flavors are made by creating the same chemicals artificially. The reason why companies bother to use natural flavors rather than artificial flavors is simple: marketing. “Many of these products have health titles,” says Platkin, professor from Hunter College. “Consumers may be talked to believe products with natural flavors are healthier, though they’re nutritionally no different from those with artificial flavors. Natural flavors may involve more forest clear-cutting and carbon emissions from transport than flavors created in the lab.”
Platkin suggests getting more transparent labeling on packaging that describes exactly what the natural or artificial flavors are, so consumers are not misled into buying one product over another because of “natural flavors”. Reineccius also offers some simple guidance: “Don’t buy anything because it says ‘natural flavors’. Buy
it because you like it.”
9．Which is a misunderstanding about the “natural flavor” juice according to paragraph 1
A．It comes from 100% original fruit. / B．It is nothing but advertising tricks.
C．It certainly contains extracts made in the lab. D．It is absolutely safer than juice with artificial flavors
10．What does the underlined word “exorbitant” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Popular. B．Expensive. C．Durable. D．Innovative.
11．Why do companies use natural flavors in their products
A．To cut the costs. B．To promote the sales.
C．To advocate a healthy diet. D．To avoid food safety issues.
12．What can we conclude from the text
A．Gary and Platkin hold opposite perspectives.
B．Natural flavors are more environmentally-friendly.
C．Customers are misled for ignoring labels on packaging.
D．Natural and artificial flavors are more alike than you think.
（2024·河南南阳·一模）Nature has the power to alter an element’s identity with time and space. This is evident by the transformative effect Britain’s deep coal mines have been showing after decades of being one of the biggest reasons for pollution. Now, they’re being employed to supply green energy to the town of Gateshead. The town is the first place to experience something like this in the country, but the success of the phenomenon has encouraged the authorities to apply it to other towns.
In 2021, coal was just producing 2% of electricity in the UK. Most of the electricity in the country is being supplied through oil and gas. This has resulted in massive abandoned coal mines all across the country. As years went by, these mines were flooded with water, making it a source of geothermal（地热的） energy, which is used to generate heat and electricity. Gateshead hosts such a mine in its town, whose council, therefore, launched a mine water project in March 2023.
The authorities put in a large central heat pump in the mine. Mine water can often sit with a temperature of 45℃. The water is then pumped using appliances to home heat pumps. The process increases the temperature further. The water then goes ahead and warms up the interior space and home water supply. After the heat from the water has been used, it’s sent back to the mine where it again goes through the same process. The project has been successful in supplying low-carbon heating to 350 high-rise buildings, a college and several office buildings.
“Recovering heat from mine water below the ground within abandoned coal mines provides an exciting opportunity to generate a low-carbon secure supply of heat, benefitting people living or working in buildings on
the coalfields,” said Gareth Farr, head of heat and by-product innovation at the Coal Authority.
The water resources through the mines are estimated to be two billion cubic meters or half the amount of water in Loch Ness. Farr added, “With many millions of people living upon abandoned coalfields in Great Britain, the potential for mine water heat could be significant.”
13．What does the town of Gateshead feature
A．It’s been one of the most heavily polluted areas. B．It has the most deep coal mines nationally.
C．It mainly relies on geothermal energy. D．It is the first one to reuse abandoned coal mines.
14．Why were many coal mines abandoned in the UK
A．They were quite remote. B．Prices of coal declined a lot.
C．There weren’t enough miners. D．The UK prioritizes cleaner energy.
15．What is implied in the last paragraph
A．The number of abandoned coal mines is stably increasing.
B．The future of sourcing energy from coal mines is promising.
C．The dependence on water resources in the UK is decreasing.
D．The technique to take advantage of mine water is impressive.
16．What is the text mainly about
A．An innovative way to obtain green energy. B．A method of living in harmony with nature.
C．A national project for abandoned facilities. D．A discussion on the future of coal mines.
（2024·河南南阳·一模）Text message acronyms (缩略词) caused plenty of confusion for the older generations when mobile phones became commonplace — now emojis are making the embarrassment become more serious.
Slack, a workplace messaging service, surveyed 9,400 office workers worldwide including 1,000 in the UK. It found the biggest emoji socially embarrassing action or mistake at work was pictures of lips. Most older workers did not realize the double meaning of the peach emoji, which for younger users means hips. Olivia Grace, a director at Slack, said, “The findings of our research are very clear — be careful when communicating with emojis across generations. Emojis offer a great way to communicate emotion, whether it’s a joke, support or something else, but it’s good to be aware that different meanings may exist to avoid any awkward interpretations.”
The simple smiling face was also a source of misunderstanding — 60 percent of over-40s used it to show happiness or pleasure but a significant number of younger workers used it to convey “deep anger”. An image of someone painting their nails was the most confusing — it meant nothing to the older generation, while the under-25s said they used it to say “there is gossip”, and the 25- to 40-year-olds used it to communicate making
themselves more beautiful. However, all ages agreed on the meaning of some emojis, such as a face with tears of laughter and a crying emoji.
Speaking about its reasons for conducting the survey, Slack said, “Are there certain emojis that should restrict your boss from using them Have your international colleagues ever misunderstood an emoji And do you usually wait to build a relationship before sending emojis at work ” It added that with thousands of emojis at users’ treatment, “there’s a lot of potential” to communicate by mistake.
Emojis are not technically a form of language, as they lack grammar. The original user of a particular emoji has no copyright on how it is to be understood. The significance of emojis belongs to those who use them, and they have a truly valuable role in written communication.
17．What did Slack find about emojis
A．Acronyms cause more confusion than them. B．People understand some of them differently.
C．It’s popular for office workers to use them. D．They can avoid many awkward situations.
18．How is the third paragraph developed
A．By analyzing causes. B．By raising questions.
C．By following time order. D．By making comparisons.
19．Why did Slack conduct the survey
A．To help people use emojis properly. B．To find original emojis.
C．To prove the convenience of emojis. D．To explain some special emojis.
20．What is the author’s attitude towards using emojis
A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
（23-24高三下·河南·阶段练习）From Wi-Fi-connected home security systems to smart toilets, the so-called Internet of Things (IOT) brings personalization and convenience to devices that help run homes. But with that come batteries that need to be replaced frequently. Now, researchers reporting in ACS Applied Energy Materials have brought solar panel technology indoors to power smart devices. They show which photovoltaic (PV) (光伏) systems work best under cool white LEDs, a common type of indoor lighting.
Indoor lighting differs from sunlight. Light bulbs are dimmer than the sun, and sunlight includes ultraviolet, infrared and visible light, while indoor lights typically shine light from a narrower region of the spectrum (光谱). Scientists have found ways to harness power from sunlight, using PV solar panels, but those panels are not the best for turning indoor light into electrical energy. Some next-generation PV materials have been tested with indoor light, but it’s not clear which are the most efficient at turning non-natural light into electricity.
So, the researchers compared a range of different PV technologies under the same type of indoor lighting.
The researchers obtained eight types of PV devices, ranging from traditional amorphous silicon to thin-film technologies such as dye-sensitized solar cells. They measured each material’s ability to turn light into electricity, first under simulated sunlight and then under a cool white LED light.
Gallium indium phosphide (磷化镓铟) PV cells showed the greatest efficiency under indoor light, turning nearly 40% of the light energy into electricity. As the researchers had expected, the gallium-containing material’s performance under sunlight was proper relative to the other materials tested due to its large band gap.
Gallium indium phosphide has not been used in commercially available PV cells yet, but this study points to its potential beyond solar power, the researchers say. However, they add that the gallium-containing materials are expensive and may not serve as a viable mass product to power smart home systems. Additionally, in the study, the researchers identified that part of the indoor light energy produced heat instead of electricity —information that will help improve future PVs to power indoor devices.
21．What normally goes hand in hand with home IOT
A．Abandoned batteries. B．A huge electricity-free device.
C．Inexpensive indoor solar panels. D．A common type of indoor lighting.
22．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “harness” in paragraph 2
A．Track. B．Hide. C．Employ. D．Prevent.
23．What can we learn about gallium indium phosphide PV cells
A．They are accessible and affordable for the public.
B．They actually produce heat instead of electricity.
C．They show little efficiency under indoor light.
D．They are not perfect enough to be popularized.
24．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Solar Panel Technology Is Losing Its Dominant Place
B．Gallium-containing Materials Are Running Out Rapidly
C．Internet of Things Are Greatly Influencing Our Daily Life
D．PV Systems Are Stepping Indoors to Power Smart Devices
（23-24高三下·河南·阶段练习）What if “looking your age” refers not to your face, but to your chest Osaka Metropolitan University scientists have developed an advanced artificial intelligence (AI) model that uses chest radiographs (光片) to assess a person’s biological age. More importantly, when it is different from the chronological age (实足年龄), it can signal a link with chronic (慢性的) diseases. These findings mark a breakthrough in medical imaging, paving the way for improved early disease detection and intervention.
The research team, led by graduate student Yasuhito Mitsuyama and Dr. Daiju Ueda from the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology at the Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, first constructed a deep learning-based AI model to estimate age from chest radiographs of healthy individuals. They then applied the model to radiographs of patients with known diseases to analyze the relationship between AI-estimated age and each disease. Given that AI trained on a single dataset tends to over fit, the researchers collected data from multiple institutions.
For the development, training, internal and external testing of the AI model for age estimation, a total of 67,099 chest radiographs were obtained between 2008 and 2021 from 36,051 healthy individuals who underwent health check-ups at three facilities.
To confirm the usefulness of AI-estimated age using chest radiographs as a biomarker, an additional 34,197 chest radiographs were collected from 34,197 patients with known diseases from two other institutions. The results showed that the difference between AI-estimated age and the patient’s chronological age was positively correlated with a variety of chronic diseases. In other words, the higher the AI-estimated age compared to the chronological age, the more likely individuals were to have these diseases.
“Chronological age is one of the most critical factors in medicine,” stated Mr. Mitsuyama. “Our results suggest that chest radiography-based apparent age may accurately reflect health conditions beyond chronological age. We aim to further develop this research and apply it to estimate the severity of chronic diseases, to predict life expectancy and to forecast possible surgical complications.”
25．What is the AI model used to do
A．Tell a patient’s chronological age. B．Estimate an individual’s biological age.
C．Develop advanced chest radiographs. D．Analyze individuals’ workout habits.
26．What did the research team do for their research
A．They followed patients for over two decades.
B．They obtained data from the same institution.
C．They collected a large number of chest radiographs.
D．They had face-to-face talks with healthy individuals.
27．How did the research team know if individuals might be sick
A．By making comparisons. B．By interviewing their doctors.
C．By observing them in their lab. D．By analyzing causes and effects.
28．Which of the following statement does Mr. Mitsuyama agree with
A．The research is too complex to be carried out widely.
B．The AI model is expected to have a promising future.
C．Chronological age matters more than AI-estimated age.
D．The research findings have been well received in medicine.
（2024·河南濮阳·一模）“The era of global warming has ended and the era of global boiling has arrived,” the UN secretary general, Antonio Guterres, said after scientists confirmed July 2023 was the world’s hottest month on record.
“Humanity is in the hot seat,” Guterres told a press conference on Thursday. “For vast parts of North America, Asia, Africa and Europe, it is a cruel summer. For the entire planet, it is a disaster. And for scientists, it is clear that humans are to blame. Climate change is here, it is terrifying, and it is just the beginning. The era of global warming has ended; the era of global boiling has arrived.”
Guterres urged politicians to take swift action. “The air is unbreathable, the heat is unbearable, and the level of fossil fuel profits and climate inaction is unacceptable. Leaders must lead. No more hesitancy, no more excuses, and no more waiting for others to move first. There is simply no more time for that.”
“It is still possible to limit global temperature rise to 1.5℃and avoid the very worst of climate change but only with dramatic, immediate climate action. We have seen some progress, but none of this is going far enough or fast enough. Accelerating temperatures demand accelerated action.”
The WMO secretary general, Petteri Taalas, said, “The need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is more urgent than ever before. Climate action is not a luxury but a must.”
Other climate scientists confirmed the findings. Karsten Haustein at Leipzig University found the world was 1.5℃ hotter in July 2023 than in the average July before industrialisation.
Marina Romanello, a climate and health researcher at University College London, said, “We have data showing how the very foundations of health are being undermined by climate change. But we still have time today to turn the tide and to ensure a liveable future for us and our children.”
29．What made Guterres feel worried
A．Global economy. B．Natural disasters.
C．Serious pollution. D．Rising temperatures.
30．Why did Gutemes use the phrase “global boiling”
A．To appeal to quick action. B．To change people’s concept.
C．To frighten the general public. D．To make his report vivid.
31．How does the author develop the text
A．By analyzing some facts. B．By quoting some experts.
C．By offering statistics. D．By giving explanations.
32．What would be the best title for the text
A．Global Bailing: It Is Time to Act.
B．Global Boiling: Who Is to Blame
C．Global Boiling: It Isn’t That Serious
D．Global Boling: What Measure n Should Be Taken
（2024·河南濮阳·一模）As the movie Nomadland revealed to the world, ever since the 2008 financial collapse, people have mowed into vehicles as a way of surviving the high cost of living. The pandemic also fuelled an increase in the nomadic (流浪的) lifestyle.
In 2020, my co-researcher Scott Rankin and I looked at how people who live in vehicles balance work and life. This year, I continued my research to better understand why people live this way.
People of all ages and genders take part in van (面包车) living. The average age of van dwellers (居住者) was 42. After asking respondents to rank the reasons why they chose to live in a vehicle, ranked from top to bottom are: 1) freedom, 2) low cost of living, 3) adventure, 4)connection to nature,5)minimalism,6)avoiding undesirable weather,7)starting a new life, 8)pursuing work in different places, 9)working remotely, 10)to be on their own, 11)to join a partner, 12)to leave a partner.
Above all else, vehicle dwellers sought to be free. Whether they were a re tire n in a $100,000 Mercedes van, or young Canadians working from a $5 ,000 van, respondents wanted to be able to move their home to any place that was best for them. For others, living in a vehicle minimized their costs, allowing them to work less or make the most of their income without paying rent.
As it turns out, van living is not a fad. While many respondents were new to van living, on average, respondents indicated they had been living in a vehicle for an average of 2.5 years. Seventy-eight per cent of respondents permanently lived in a vehicle.
As the housing crisis deepens, we may see more people consider van living as a means of surviving the high cost of living. It will be up to the government to accept this alternative living arrangement, and consider having parking and facilities to support those who choose to live this way.
33．What’s the purpose of the author’s research
A．To advocate a new lifestyle. B．To produce a scientific theory.
C．To understand a social phenomenon. D．To improve some people’s living conditions.
34．What do we learn about van dwellers
A．Their top concern is money. B．They have different motives.
C．They value family more than work. D．They are mainly adventurous people.
35．What does the underlined word “fad” in paragraph 5probably mean
A．Something that isn’t suitable for all. B．Something that isn’t likely to last.
C．Something that is popular for long. D．Something that attracts old people.
36．What’s the author’s attitude to van living
A．Uncaring. B．Tolerant. C．Approving. D．Opposed.
（2024·山西·二模）Nearly 50 billion pieces of litter are thrown along US roadways and waterways, according to a 2020 study by the non-profit Keep America Beautiful (KAB). That estimate includes more than 800 million pieces of fast-food packaging, 2. 6 billion food-packaging-film items, and 207 million pieces of personal protective equipment, like masks and gloves. Not all litter, however, is intentional. A large volume of litter also comes from unsecured items that fall off the back of vehicles or out of trash receptacles (容器).
To address the country’s ongoing litter problem, some public libraries are creating kits to help people clean up their neighborhoods.
”We want people to be involved in the community, says Samantha Hanchett, marketing coordinator (协调者) at Thomas County Public Library System (TCPLS). “Doing something that benefits everyone, even though it’s quite quiet, is really what a library does all the time.”
The library system launched a litter clean-up program with Keep Thomas County Beautiful (KTCB), the local KAB chapter (地方分会), in 2020. Actually, the chapter had previously held group clean-up events and naturally inspired more individual or joint efforts. As a result, KTCB partnered with the library to create kits for people in the library to check out.
Each kit contains items such as trash bags, gloves, reflective vests, and a booklet with guidance-lines and suggestions for where to clean up in the community. Litter kits are housed at the library system’s main branch in Thomasville, but people can request they be sent to their local branch for pick-up.
Hanchett estimates that kits are checked out between 30 and 45 times each year, noting that they are most popular with groups and grade school students. “People like the convenience of the kits because it’s something they can do on their own time,” she says. “It’s an elastic way of getting involved instead of having an appointed time in which you take part in the activity.”
37．Why are the data mentioned in Paragraph 1
A．To indicate the pressing litter issue in the US.
B．To show the people’s habits of throwing litter.
C．To present convincing proof of environmental issues.
D．To urge people to preserve roadways and waterways.
38．What is the library always doing
A．Trying to carry out something to benefit all.
B．Removing the litter by uniting common people.
C．Asking people to get involved in the community.
D．Doing some quiet things to advocate environmental protection.
39．What can we know about KTCB
A．It created clean-up kits for people to buy.
B．It could stimulate people to borrow kits.
C．It used to launch similar clean-up projects.
D．It was good at holding litter clean-up programs.
40．Which of the following can replace ”elastic“ underlined in Paragraph 6
A．Dull. B．Tense. C．Flexible. D．Entertaining.
参考答案：
1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个关于低温是否影响人体免疫力的实验，介绍了实验的经过以及发现等情况。
1．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Reasons for this include people gather inside more in winter and viruses survive better in low-humidity indoor air.(究其原因，冬天人们更多地聚集在室内，而病毒在低湿度的室内空气中更容易存活)”以及“there has been less certainty about whether lower temperatures actually”可知，上文提到病毒在低湿度的室内空气中更容易存活，故划线词所在句意思是低温是否真的会损害人体免疫力。故划线词意思是“破坏”。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第五段“In order to tackle the question, they divided the nasal (鼻的) cell samples into two groups and cultivated them in a lab, subjecting one set of samples to 37C, and the other to 32°C.(为了解决这个问题，他们将鼻细胞样本分成两组，并在实验室中培养，将一组样本置于37℃，另一组置于32℃)”可知，Mansoor Amiji通过设置对比实验进行这项新研究。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“But under the reduced temperatures, fewer EVs were produced, and those that were made packed less attack against the invaders tested: two rhinoviruses (鼻病毒的) and a non-COVID coronavirus, which are typically found in winter cold season.(但在温度降低的情况下，EV的数量减少了，而那些被包装好的EV对测试的入侵者的攻击也减少了：两种鼻病毒和一种非冠状病毒，这两种病毒通常在冬季寒冷季节发现)”可知，EV的数量和攻击力与温度呈正相关。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““There’s never been a convincing reason why you have this very clear increase in viral infectivity in the cold months,” said co-author Benjamin Bleier, a surgeon at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear. “This is the first quantitative and biologically reasonable explanation that has been developed.” He added.(“从来没有一个令人信服的原因，为什么在寒冷的月份病毒传染性会明显增加，”哈佛医学院和马萨诸塞州眼耳外科医生本杰明·布莱尔说。“这是第一个定量的、生物学上合理的解释。”他补充说)”可知，Benjamin Bleier对研究结果的态度是赞成的。故选B。
5．C 6．D 7．B 8．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了百度公司最新推出的无人驾驶汽车RT6。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“The steering-wheel-free design allows more space for extra seating or other additions and the massive cost reduction will enable us to put tens of thousands of autonomous vehicles into operation across China(无方向盘的设计为额外的座位或其他附加设施提供了更多的空间，大规模的成本降低将使我们能够在中国投入数万辆自动驾驶汽车)”及“We are moving towards a future where taking a robotaxi will be half the cost of taking a taxi today.(我们正在走向一个未来，乘坐机器人出租车的花销将是今天乘坐出租车的一半)”可知，该款汽车的运营成本会降低。故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段“The RT6 has reached the industry's Level 4 out of five possible levels of technology. That means its systems can operate without a driver but must be pre-loaded with a detailed map, thus limiting the areas where the vehicles can operate.(RT6在5个可能的技术水平中达到了行业的第4级。这意味着它的系统可以在没有司机的情况下运行，但必须预先加载详细的地图，从而限制了车辆可以运行的区域)”可知，该款汽车已达到level4还是有局限，由此可知，要达到完全的无人驾驶技术应该更高于level4。故选D项。
7．词句猜测题。该代词it在分句中做主语应和上一句“Baidu is best known for its search engine and online advertising services(百度以其搜索引擎和在线广告服务而闻名)”主语相同，应指代百度公司。故选B项。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Baidu, a Chinese search engine and artificial intelligence firm, announced its latest electric autonomous driving vehicle, Apollo RT6, on Thursday. The new vehicle is a fully electric vehicle with a steering wheel（方向盘）that can be removed when not required. It will cost 250,000 per unit. (周四，中国搜索引擎和人工智能公司百度宣布了其最新的电动自动驾驶汽车阿波罗RT6。这款新车是一款全电动汽车，方向盘可以在不需要的时候拆卸。每台售价25万元)”并结合全文可知，本文主要是介绍了百度公司新推出的一款全自动汽车。故选A项。
9．D 10．B 11．B 12．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了天然风味的来源，使用天然风味的原因，及天然风味和人造风味的相似。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“Nor is the common belief true that ingredients extracted from nature are necessarily safer than something artificially made.(人们普遍认为，从大自然中提取的成分一
定比人工制造的成分更安全，这也是不对的)”可知，D选项“‘天然风味’果汁绝对比添加人工香料的果汁安全”属于误解，故选D项。
10．词句猜测题。根据第二段““If you’re going to use all your grapes on grape soda,” Reineccius says, “you don’t have any grapes for wine making; the products are going to be exorbitant (如果你要把所有的葡萄都用在葡萄汽水上，就没有葡萄来酿酒，产品就会exorbitant)”可知，葡萄汽水百分百由葡萄制成，这个产品会变得昂贵，故划线词exorbitant意思是“昂贵的”。故选B项。
11．细节理解题 根据第三段“The reason why companies bother to use natural flavors rather than artificial flavors is simple: marketing.(公司使用天然风味而不是人工风味的原因很简单：营销)”可知，公司在他们的产品中使用天然香料是为了营销，故选B项。
12．推理判断题。根据第三段“Consumers may be talked to believe products with natural flavors are healthier, though they’re nutritionally no different from those with artificial flavors.(消费者可能会被说服相信天然风味的产品更健康，尽管它们在营养上与人造风味没有什么不同)”可知，天然风味和人工风味比你想象的更相似。故选D项。
13．D 14．D 15．B 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是英国利用废弃煤矿来供应绿色能源，通过从地热水中获取热能来取暖和发电。这项创新方法已在Gateshead镇成功实施，对其他城镇也具有潜力。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Now, they’re being employed to supply green energy to the town of Gateshead. The town is the first place to experience something like this in the country, but the success of the phenomenon has encouraged the authorities to apply it to other towns.(现在，他们受雇为盖茨黑德镇提供绿色能源。该镇是全国第一个体验到这种现象的地方，但这种现象的成功促使当局将其应用到其他城镇)”可知，该镇是全英国第一个重新利用废弃煤矿的国家。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 2021, coal was just producing 2% of electricity in the UK. Most of the electricity in the country is being supplied through oil and gas. This has resulted in massive abandoned coal mines all across the country. (2021年，煤炭仅占英国电力的2%。这个国家的大部分电力是通过石油和天然气供应的。这导致了全国各地大量的废弃煤矿)”可知，由于英国优先发展清洁能源，导致了全国各地大量的废弃煤矿。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The water resources through the mines are estimated to be two billion cubic meters or half the amount of water in Loch Ness. Farr added, “With many millions of people living upon abandoned coalfields in Great Britain, the potential for mine water heat could be significant.”(据估计，通过这些矿山开采的水资源约为20亿立方米，相当于尼斯湖水量的一半。法尔补充说：“在英国，有数百万人生活在废弃的煤田里，矿井热水的潜力可能是巨大的。”)”可知，矿山开采的水资源数量巨大并且矿井热水的潜力可能是巨大的即从煤矿中获取能源的未来是有希望的。故选B。
16．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“This is evident by the transformative effect Britain’s deep coal mines have been showing after decades of being one of the biggest reasons for pollution. Now, they’re being employed to supply green energy to the town of Gateshead. The town is the first place to experience something like this in the country, but the success of the phenomenon has encouraged the authorities to apply it to other towns.( 这一点在英国深层煤矿显示出了转变的效果，几十年来它们一直是污染的主要原因之一。现在，它们被用来为Gateshead镇提供绿色能源。这个镇是整个英国第一个经历这样一种现象的地方，但这一成功激励了当局将其应用到其他城镇)”以及通读全文可知，整篇文章主要介绍了利用废弃煤矿从地热水中获取绿色能源的创新方法。文章提到了Gateshead镇是第一个尝试这种方法的地方，还提到了项目的成功和潜力。因此，文章主要是关于一种获取绿色能源的创新方法。A选项“An innovative way to obtain green energy.( 一种获得绿色能源的创新方式)”概括文章主要内容。故选A。
17．B 18．D 19．A 20．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍工作场所即时通讯服务Slack通过调查发现，不同年龄段的人对一些表情符号的理解会有不同，在使用表情符号，尤其是跨代使用表情符号交流时要小心，因为会造成误解和尴尬。
17．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“It found the biggest emoji socially embarrassing action or mistake at work was pictures of lips. Most older workers did not realize the double meaning of the peach emoji, which for younger users means hips. Olivia Grace, a director at Slack, said, “The findings of our research are very clear—be careful when communicating with emojis across generations. Emojis offer a great way to communicate emotion, whether it’s a joke, support or something else, but it’s good to be aware that different meanings may exist to avoid any awkward interpretations.” (研究发现，工作中最令人尴尬的表情符号行为或错误是嘴唇的图片。大多数
年长的员工没有意识到桃子表情符号的双重含义，它对年轻用户来说意味着臀部。Slack的主管奥利维亚·格雷斯说：‘我们的研究结果非常明确——在跨代使用表情符号交流时要小心。表情符号提供了一种很好的情感交流方式，无论是笑话、支持还是其他什么，但最好意识到可能存在不同的含义，以避免任何尴尬的解释。’)”可知，Slack对表情符号的研究发现人们对其中一些的理解不同。故选B。
18．推理判断题。由文章第三段“The simple smiling face was also a source of misunderstanding—60 percent of over-40s used it to show happiness or pleasure but a significant number of younger workers used it to convey “deep anger”. An image of someone painting their nails was the most confusing—it meant nothing to the older generation, while the under-25s said they used it to say “there is gossip”, and the 25- to 40-year-olds used it to communicate making themselves more beautiful. However, all ages agreed on the meaning of some emojis, such as a face with tears of laughter and a crying emoji. (简单的微笑也是误解的来源——60%的40岁以上的员工用它来表达幸福或快乐，但相当多的年轻员工用它来表达‘深深的愤怒’。最让人困惑的是有人在涂指甲的图片——这对老一辈的人来说毫无意义，而25岁以下的人说他们用它来表示‘有八卦’，而25岁到40岁的人则用它来交流，让自己变得更漂亮。然而，所有年龄段的人对一些表情符号的含义都是一致的，比如笑哭的脸和哭泣的表情符号。)”可知，第三段通过比较不同年龄段对于同一表情符号的理解来阐述表情符号会产生误解。故选D。
19．推理判断题。由文章第四段“Speaking about its reasons for conducting the survey, Slack said, “Are there certain emojis that should restrict your boss from using them Have your international colleagues ever misunderstood an emoji And do you usually wait to build a relationship before sending emojis at work ” It added that with thousands of emojis at users’ treatment, “there’s a lot of potential” to communicate by mistake. (在谈到进行这项调查的原因时，Slack表示：‘有没有某些表情符号应该限制你的老板使用？你的国际同事有没有误解过表情符号？你通常会等到建立关系后再在工作中发送表情符号吗？’该公司补充说，由于用户可以随意使用数千个表情符号，因此错误沟通的‘可能性很大’。)”可知，Slack进行这项调查是为了帮助人们正确使用表情符号。故选A。
20．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Emojis are not technically a form of language, as they lack grammar. The original user of a particular emoji has no copyright on how it is to be understood. The significance of emojis belongs to those who use them, and they have a truly valuable role in written communication.(从技术上讲，表情符号并不是一种语言，因为它们缺乏语法。特定表
情符号的原始用户对如何理解该表情符号没有版权。表情符号的意义属于使用它们的人，它们在书面交流中发挥着真正有价值的作用。)”可知，作者对使用表情符号的态度是赞同的。故选D。
21．A 22．C 23．D 24．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲的是研究人员在《ACS应用能源材料》杂志上宣称，他们已经将太阳能电池板技术引入室内，为智能设备供电。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段“But with that come batteries that need to be replaced frequently.(但随之而来的是需要频繁更换的电池。)”可知，家庭物联网通常会导致废弃电池的产生。故选A。
22．词句猜测题。根据第二段“power from sunlight, using PV solar panels(来自阳光的能量，使用光伏太阳能电池板)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“科学家们已经找到了利用太阳能发电的方法”，划线词harness的意思是“利用”，与Employ的意思最接近。故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, they add that the gallium-containing materials are expensive and may not serve as a viable mass product to power smart home systems. Additionally, in the study, the researchers identified that part of the indoor light energy produced heat instead of electricity —information that will help improve future PVs to power indoor devices.(然而，他们补充说，含镓材料价格昂贵，可能不会作为一种可行的大规模产品，为智能家居系统供电。此外，在研究中，研究人员发现部分室内光能产生热量而不是电能——这一信息将有助于改进未来为室内设备供电的PV。)”可推断，磷化镓铟光伏电池还不够完美，无法普及。故选D。
24．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是文章第一段“Now, researchers reporting in ACS Applied Energy Materials have brought solar panel technology indoors to power smart devices. They show which photovoltaic (PV) (光伏) systems work best under cool white LEDs, a common type of indoor lighting.(现在，研究人员在ACS应用能源材料杂志上报道，他们已经将太阳能电池板技术引入室内，为智能设备供电。他们展示了哪种光伏（PV）系统在冷白光LED（一种常见的室内照明）下工作得最好。)”可知，本文主要介绍研究人员试图将光伏系统引入室内，为智能设备供电，因此最恰当的标题是D选项“PV Systems Are Stepping Indoors to Power Smart Devices(光伏系统正在进入室内为智能设备供电。)”。故选D。
25．B 26．C 27．A 28．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们开发了一种先进的人工智能模型，该模型利用胸片估算个人的生理年龄。如果胸片显示的年龄比实足年龄越高，那么个人患有慢性病的可能性就越高。
25．细节理解题。由第一段中“Osaka Metropolitan University scientists have developed an advanced artificial intelligence (AI) model that uses chest radiographs (光片) to assess a person’s biological age. (大阪都市大学的科学家开发了一种先进的人工智能（AI）模型，该模型使用胸部射线照片来评估一个人的生物年龄)”可知，科学家们用这种人工智能模型估算个人的生理年龄。故选B项。
26．细节理解题。由第二段中“The research team, led by graduate student Yasuhito Mitsuyama and Dr. Daiju Ueda from the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology at the Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, first constructed a deep learning-based AI model to estimate age from chest radiographs of healthy individuals. (该研究团队由大阪都市大学医学研究生院诊断与介入放射学系的研究生三山康仁和上田代菊博士领导，首先构建了一个基于深度学习的人工智能模型，用于从健康人的胸透照片中估计年龄)”，第三段“For the development, training, internal and external testing of the AI model for age estimation, a total of 67,099 chest radiographs were obtained between 2008 and 2021 from 36,051 healthy individuals who underwent health check-ups at three facilities (为了开发、培训、内部和外部测试用于年龄估计的人工智能模型，在2008年至2021年间，共从36051名在三个设施接受健康检查的健康个体中获得了67099张胸透照片)”和第四段中“To confirm the usefulness of AI-estimated age using chest radiographs as a biomarker, an additional 34,197 chest radiographs were collected from 34,197 patients with known diseases from two other institutions. (为了证实使用胸部X线片作为生物标志物的人工智能估计年龄的有用性，从另外两个机构的34197名已知疾病患者中额外收集了34197张胸透照片)”可知，研究团队在研究过程中收集了大量的胸透照片。故选C项。
27．细节理解题。由第四段中“The results showed that the difference between AI-estimated age and the patient’s chronological age was positively correlated with a variety of chronic diseases. In other words, the higher the AI-estimated age compared to the chronological age, the more likely individuals were to have these diseases. (结果表明，AI估计年龄与患者实际年龄之间的差异与多种慢性疾病呈正相关。换句话说，人工智能估计的年龄与实际年龄相比越高，个体患这些
疾病的可能性就越大)”可知，研究团队对比了人工智能模型估算的年龄和实际年龄，人工智能估算的年龄比实际年龄越高，说明这个人越有可能患有一些慢性疾病，可知研究小组通过比较知道个人是否生病。故选A项。
28．推理判断题。由最后一段““Chronological age is one of the most critical factors in medicine,” stated Mr. Mitsuyama. “Our results suggest that chest radiography-based apparent age may accurately reflect health conditions beyond chronological age. We aim to further develop this research and apply it to estimate the severity of chronic diseases, to predict life expectancy and to forecast possible surgical complications.”(Mitsuyama先生说：“年龄是医学中最关键的因素之一。”“我们的研究结果表明，基于胸部造影的表观年龄可以准确反映年龄以外的健康状况。我们的目标是进一步发展这项研究，并将其应用于估计慢性病的严重程度、预测预期寿命和预测可能的手术并发症。”)”可知，Mr. Mitsuyma团队的研究结果表明，胸片显示的表观年龄可以准确地反映超出实际年龄的健康状况，他们以后也会继续深入研究以期能让他们的研究成果得到广泛运用。由此可推断，Mr. Mitsuyama认为他所在团队开发的人工智能模型的前景很好。故选B项。
29．D 30．A 31．B 32．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了“全球沸腾”这一气候问题，并呼吁立即采取行动。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段中的““For vast parts of North America, Asia, Africa and Europe, it is a cruel summer. For the entire planet, it is a disaster. And for scientists, it is clear that humans are to blame. Climate change is here, it is terrifying, and it is just the beginning. The era of global warming has ended; the era of global boiling has arrived.” (“对北美、亚洲、非洲和欧洲的大部分地区来说，这是一个残酷的夏天。对整个地球来说，这都是一场灾难。对科学家来说，很明显，人类应该受到谴责。气候变化就在这里，它很可怕，这只是一个开始。全球变暖的时代已经结束，全球沸腾的时代已经到来。”)”可知，古特雷斯对不断上升的气温感到担忧。故选D。
30．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句““The era of global warming has ended; the era of global boiling has arrived.” (“全球变暖的时代已经结束，全球沸腾的时代已经到来。”)”以及第三段第一句的“Guterres urged politicians to take swift action. (古特雷斯敦促政界人士迅速采取行动。)”可知，古特雷斯使用“全球沸腾”这个词语是为了呼吁迅速采取行动。故选A。
31．推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者在前4个自然段引用古特雷斯关于“全球沸腾”的讲话并敦促政界人士迅速采取行动、第五段引用世界气象组织秘书长佩蒂瑞·塔拉斯的讲话、第六段引用莱比锡大学的卡斯滕·豪斯坦的讲话以及最后一段引用伦敦大学学院气候与健康研究员玛丽娜·罗马内洛的讲话可知，作者通过引用一些专家的话来展开本文。故选B。
32．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The era of global warming has ended and the era of global boiling has arrived…(全球变暖的时代已经结束，全球沸腾的时代已经到来……)”可知，本文主要围绕“全球沸腾”这一问题展开，并呼吁立即采取行动来应对这一问题。A项“Global Bailing: It Is Time to Act. (全球救助：是时候采取行动了。)”最能概括本文主旨。故选A。
33．C 34．B 35．B 36．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。随着住房危机的加深主要介绍了面包车生活这一新型的生活方式。随着住房危机的加深，可能会有更多的人将面包车生活视为一种在高昂的生活成本中生存的手段。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This year, I continued my research to better understand why people live this way. (今年，我继续我的研究，以更好地理解人们为什么会这样生活。)”可知，作者研究的目的是了解面包车生活这种社会现象。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After asking respondents to rank the reasons why they chose to live in a vehicle, ranked from top to bottom are: 1) freedom, 2) low cost of living, 3) adventure, 4)connection to nature,5)minimalism,6)avoiding undesirable weather,7)starting a new life, 8)pursuing work in different places, 9)working remotely, 10)to be on their own, 11)to join a partner, 12)to leave a partner. (在要求受访者对他们选择住在车里的原因进行排名后，从上到下依次为：1）自由，2）低生活成本，3）冒险，4）与自然的联系，5）极简主义，6）避免不良天气，7）开始新生活，8）在不同的地方追求工作，9）远程工作，10）独自生活，11）加入伴侣，12）离开伴侣。)”可知，面包车居民有不同的动机。故选B。
35．词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“While many respondents were new to van living, on average, respondents indicated they had been living in a vehicle for an average of 2.5 years. Seventy-eight per cent of respondents permanently lived in a vehicle. (虽然许多受访者对面包车生活是新手，但平均而言，受访者表示他们在车上生活的时间平均为2.5年。78%的受访者永久居住在车内。)”可知，面包车生活并不是风靡一时的风尚。A. Something that isn’t suitable for all.不适合所有人的东西；B. Something that isn’t likely to last.不太可能持续的事情。C.
Something that is popular for long.长期流行的东西。D. Something that attracts old people.吸引老年人的东西。故选B。
36．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“As the housing crisis deepens, we may see more people consider van living as a means of surviving the high cost of living. It will be up to the government to accept this alternative living arrangement, and consider having parking and facilities to support those who choose to live this way. (随着住房危机的加深，我们可能会看到更多的人将面包车生活视为一种在高昂的生活成本中生存的手段。这将取决于政府是否接受这种替代性的生活安排，并考虑提供停车场和设施来支持那些选择这种生活方式的人。)”可知，作者对面包车生活持赞成的态度。故选C。
37．A 38．A 39．C 40．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国的非营利组织KAB致力于解决美国的垃圾问题。
37．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Nearly 50 billion pieces of litter are thrown along US roadways and waterways, according to a 2020 study by the non-profit Keep America Beautiful (KAB). That estimate includes more than 800 million pieces of fast-food packaging, 2.6 billion food-packaging-film items, and 207 million pieces of personal protective equipment, like masks and gloves.(根据非营利组织“保持美国美丽”(KAB) 2020年的一项研究，近500亿件垃圾被扔在美国的公路和水道上。这一估计包括超过8亿份快餐包装。60亿件食品包装薄膜，2.07亿件个人防护装备，如口罩和手套。)”可知，2020年的一项研究表明近500亿件垃圾被扔在美国的公路和水道上。这包括超过8亿份快餐包装，60亿件食品包装薄膜，2.07亿件个人防护装备，如口罩和手套。因此第一段列举数据是为了展现美国的垃圾问题的解决迫在眉睫。故选A。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Doing something that benefits everyone, even though it’s quite quiet, is really what a library does all the time.”(“做一些对每个人都有益的事情，即使它很安静，这才是图书馆一直在做的事情。”)”可知，图书馆做一些对每个人都有益的事情即做的是所有人都获益的事情。故选A。
39．推理判断题。通过第四段中“The library system launched a litter clean-up program with Keep Thomas County Beautiful (KTCB), the local KAB chapter(地方分会), in 2020. (2020年，图书馆系统与当地KAB分会“保持托马斯县美丽”(KTCB)一起启动了一项垃圾清理计划。)”可知，
KTCB与图书馆系统合作，在2020年举办垃圾清理活动。故选C。
40．词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的内容“instead of having an appointed time in which you take part in the activity.(而不是有一个指定的时间来参加活动。)”可知，人们喜欢这些工具包的便利性，因为这是他们可以利用自己的时间做的事情。因此，这是一种有弹性的参与方式，而不是要在一个指定的时间来参与这个活动。故划线词与C选项“Flexible.(灵活的)”为同义词。故选C。