压轴题11 完形填空
命题预测 分析近几年新高考完形填空可知，高考完形填空注重考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况，命题遵循“突出语篇，强调应用，注重实际”的思路。内容情节深刻，常涉及人物心理活动的细致描写，篇章与句子结构变化丰富，文章内容将文化、知识、教育、趣味等融为一体，时代感突出，生活化明显，寓教于乐，充满正能量。预测2024年高考对于完形填空的考查仍是压轴考题。
高频考法 句中题 句间题 语篇题
完形填空基本规律及解题要领
议论文类完形填空是高考完形填空中较难的一种文体,一般由三个要素组成:论点、论据和论证。做好议论文类的完形填空最重要的是抓住作者的论点。
不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同，大体有以下三种情况:
①开门见山地提出论证。大部分议论文在文章的首段就提出论点。然后再通过具体的论据去说明论点，论据有时候既有正面的,也有反面的。最后总结全文。
②导入式提出论点。有些议论文会先叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象,然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点，再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。
③最后提出论证。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，不表明自己的观点,然后通过对具体现象的分析,自然地得出一种结论，这种结论往往就是作者的论点。答题时要注意理清论点、论据和论证。
一般来说,能说明论据主要内容的答案可以在论点里得到印证,而能说明论点主要内容的答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来。抓住了这个特点，部分选项的答案便一目了然。
命题规律：
命题以动词和名词等实词为主，完形填空所给的选项一般是同一词类，或属同一范畴。高考完形填空题考查动词(5-8个)名词(4一6个)、然后是形容词，副词等。而介词、连词、冠词等虚词则相对考得较少。
句中命题 主要考查考生正确理解句意的能力和词汇的辨析能力。这类题设题较多。
句组命题 从上下文中命题，占比最大，考查考生对上下文的理解能力。
情境命题 这种题难度较大，考查考生对文章中心脉络、结构层次的把握能力。并具有瞻前顾后，把握全文的全局意识。
情感命题 要求考生理解文章，对作者的思想或心理进行准确的推理判断能力。
逻辑命题 考查考生的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据事情发生、发展的规律，按照作者的思维方式、语言风格等对文章的行文逻辑进行分析，做出判断。
二、完形填空的解题技巧
1. 通读全文，把握大意
研读首句或首段，跳过空格，弄清文脉，抓住主旨大意，有助于把握短文文意进行初选。
2. 明确写作要素
弄清记叙文的6要素(5W1H)，即时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)、结果(how)，抓住这些写作要素，就基本上抓住了文章的主体。
3. 瞻前顾后，先易后难
动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。先做最有把握的，简单直接的题，对于一下子不能确定答案的题，先跳过，最后再回过头来集中精力根据完形填空的高频考法和命题规律解决难点。此时一定关注语篇中的线索词。
4. 角色代入法
在做题时考生可采用“角色渗透法”，这样有助于按照作者的思维逻辑、情感色彩，深入理解文章的含义。
5. 巧用信息复现法
语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、概括词和代词复现等。语篇中如果有词汇和结构复现与话题相关等情况时，利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。
6. 利用逻辑关系法
句子或词组不是孤立存在的，其出现有一定的逻辑关系，可通过句中或句间的逻辑关系，如例证、转折、
让步、递进、因果等逻辑关系词来解题。
7. 复读再验证
完成各个选项后，把所选的选项代入文中，再把全文通读一遍，看所选的选项是否意思前后关联，顺利成章，语法结构是否正确，语言表达形式是否符合习惯用法。
04 议论文
1.（2023·安徽淮南·一模）
“Whenever I am in a group of people, I feel like everyone knows what to say except me. When I try to join in, I get anxious and have a struggle 1 words. This happens at parties or meetings and I feel 2 — as if I were being interviewed for a job. People think I am a loner. Maybe I am ”
Individuals experiencing this type of social 3 often avoid eye contact, because it makes them feel 4 and judged. The feelings of awkwardness and not fitting in with others are often frustrating. It prevents these individuals from defending and 5 for themselves in social environments, though they may be 6 at holding on to their opinions in environments that are focused on a task rather than 7 .
Fitting into groups of people requires 8 . You need to be interested in the topics that others in the group are interested in and talk about them the way they do. Becoming a part of these groups requires that you 9 some of your individuality in order to accept others’ 10 and values.
Some individuals are like chameleon (变色龙) in that they 11 pick up the patterns of different groups and 12 themselves accordingly. For them, this is automatic and they don’t even come to the 13 that they are changing themselves to fit into groups. If you are one of those people who feels 14 in most social group settings, it may be because you 15 changing the way you think in order to feel part of a group and this shouldn’t be a weakness or a failure.
1．A．reading B．pronouncing C．grasping D．writing
2．A．exposed B．caged C．perceived D．judged
3．A．remoteness B．discomfort C．event D．reality
4．A．transparent B．rigid C．urgent D．disappointed
5．A．insisting on B．breaking with C．sticking up D．talking over
6．A．critical B．effective C．contradictory D．tentative
7．A．contribution B．requirement C．assignment D．socialization
8．A．patience B．honesty C．curiosity D．agreement
9．A．sacrifice B．claim C．examine D．present
10．A．hobbies B．approaches C．views D．promises
11．A．naturally B．partly C．vaguely D．merely
12．A．explain B．support C．help D．adapt
13．A．conclusion B．awareness C．decision D．point
14．A．rewarded B．removed C．disconnected D．connected
15．A．resist B．allow C．miss D．undergo
【答案】
1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．D 9．A 10．C 11．A 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要解释的是要想融入一个群体往往需要牺牲自己的一些个性去达到与整个群体的一致，有些人可以自然地做到这一点，有些人却往往感觉社交不适，但拒绝改变思维方式去融入一个群体也不是缺点或者失败。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我试着加入的时候，我就会感到焦虑，并且很难说出话来。A. reading阅读；B. pronouncing发音，说话；C. grasping掌握；D. writing写作。根据上文中的“Whenever I am in a group of people, I feel like everyone knows what to say except me.”可知，说这段话的人认为当自己与别人在一起时，自己不知道该说什么，结合“I get anxious”可知，此处指的是感觉很难“说出话”。故选B项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种情况发生在聚会或会议上，我觉得自己受到了评判——就好像我在面试一份工作一样。A. exposed接触；B. caged把……关入笼内；C. perceived感知；D. judged评判。根据下文中的“as if I were being interviewed for a job”可知，在聚会或者会议上，说这段话的人觉得像是面试找工作一样，所以此处指的是“评判”。故选D项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：遇到这种社交不适的人通常会避免目光接触，因为这让他们觉得自己被看透，被人评判。A. remoteness偏远；B. discomfort不适；C. event重大事件；D. reality现实。根据上文描述的不知道说什么、感到焦虑的经历可知，此处指遇到这种社交不适的人。故选B项。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：遇到这种社交不适的人通常会避免目光接触，因为这让他们觉得自己被看透，被人评判。A. transparent透明的；B. rigid僵硬的；C. urgent紧急的；D. disappointed失望的。根据上文中的“Individuals experiencing this type of social ___3___ often avoid eye contact”以及“because”可知，上下文之间为因果关系，这样的人经常避免目光接触，是因为眼神接触会使得他们觉得自己被看透，被评判，所以“透明的”符合语境。故选A项。
5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：它阻止了这些人在社会环境中为自己辩护和维护自己，尽管他们可能在专注于任务而不是社交的环境中有效地坚持自己的观点。A. insisting on坚持；B. breaking with断绝关系；C. sticking up竖起；D. talking over讨论。根据上文中的“The feelings of awkwardness and not fitting in with others are often frustrating.”可知，尴尬和不适会让他们感到沮丧，结合空前的“It prevents these individuals from defending”以及“and”可知，这就阻止了这些人捍卫和“维护”自己，stick up for sb.是固定短语，意为“支持某人，维护某人”。故选C项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它阻止了这些人在社会环境中为自己辩护和维护自己，尽管他们可能在专注于任务而不是社交的环境中有效地坚持自己的观点。A. critical关键的，严重的；B. effective有效的；C. contradictory对立的；D. tentative试探性的。根据空前的“though”可知，此处语义有转折，结合下文中的“holding on to their opinions in environments that are focused on a task rather than ___7___”可推知，在专注于任务的环境中，这些人能有效保持自己的观点。故选B项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它阻止了这些人在社会环境中为自己辩护和维护自己，尽管他们可能在专注于任务而不是社交的环境中有效地坚持自己的观点。A. contribution贡献；B. requirement需求；C. assignment任务；D. socialization社会化。根据上文中的“they may be ___6___ at holding on to their opinions in environments that are focused on a task”以及“rather than”可知，此处描述的是不擅长社交的人在专注于任务时可以有效坚持自己观点，与任务相对的应该是“社会化”。故选D项。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：融入群体需要达成一致。A. patience耐心；B. honesty诚实；C. curiosity好奇；D. agreement一致性。根据下文中的“You need to be interested in the topics that others in the group are interested in and talk about them the way they do.”可知，要想融入一个群体，你需要对群体中的其他人的话题感兴趣，并且按照他们的方式讨论问题，也就是要与其他人一致。故选D项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：成为这些群体的一员需要你牺牲一些个性来接受别人的观点和价值观。A. sacrifice牺牲；B. claim声称；C. examine检测；D. present提交。根据上文中的“You need to be interested in the topics that others in the group are interested in and talk about them the way they do.”可知，要融入一个群体中，要与群体中的其他人一致，那就要“牺牲”自己的一点个性。故选A项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：成为这些群体的一员需要你牺牲一些个性来接受别人的观点和价值观。A. hobbies业余爱好；B. approaches方法；C. views观点；D. promises承诺。根据下文中的“and values”可知，空处与values并列，作accept的宾语，由此推知，views“观点”符合语境，表示去接受别人的“观点”和价值观。故选C项。
11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有些人就像变色龙一样，因为他们自然地接受不同群体的模式，并相应地使自己适应。A. naturally自然地；B. partly部分地；C. vaguely含糊地；D. merely仅仅。根据上文中的“Some individuals are like chameleon (变色龙)”可知，有些人就像变色龙一样，而变色龙可以自然地与周围环境融入一体，所以此处指的是这样的人可以“自然地”接受不同群体的模式。故选A项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人就像变色龙一样，因为他们自然地接受不同群体的模式，并相应地使自己适应。A. explain解释；B. support支持；C. help帮助；D. adapt适应。根据上文中的“pick up the patterns of different groups”以及下文中的“accordingly”可知，这样的人能接受不同群体的模式，因此也就能让自己“适应”群体。故选D项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，这是自动的，他们甚至没有意识到他们正在改变自己以适应群体。A. conclusion结论；B. awareness意识；C. decision决定；D. point观点。根据上文中的“For them, this is automatic”可知，对他们来说，适应群体是自动的反应，所以此处指的是他们都没有“意识到”自己正在改变。故选B项。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你是那些在大多数社会群体中感到疏离的人之一，那可能是因为你拒绝为了感觉自己是群体的一部分而改变思维方式，这不应该是一个弱点或失败。A. rewarded受到奖励的；B. removed被清除的；C. disconnected被疏远的；D. connected有联系的。根据下文中的“and this shouldn’t be a weakness or a failure”可知，作者认为这并不应该是一个弱点或者失败，由此可猜测，此处谈论的应是不擅长社交的人，所以此处指的是在大多数社会群体中感到“被疏远”。故选C项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你是那些在大多数社会群体中感到疏离的人之一，那可能是因为你拒绝为了感觉自己是群体的一部分而改变思维方式，这不应该是一个弱点或失败。A. resist抵制；B. allow允许；C. miss错过；D. undergo经历。根据下文中的“and this shouldn’t be a weakness or a failure”可知，作者认为这并不应该是一个弱点或者失败，由此可猜测，此处谈论的应是不擅长社交的人，这样的人往往“拒绝”为成为群体中的一员而改变自己的思维方式。故选A项。
2.（23-24高三·江苏南通·阶段练习）
Although most flyers (传单) have gone the way of tape recordings, there’s still the 16 one that
shows up at our door. 17 , they go straight to the recycling bin — unless there are small children and a page with toys catches their eyes.
They are 18 by it. They tend to feel forced to read it over and over again. But that’s not 19 . Now there’s a whole list of toys they can’t live without. Before they saw this page, they were 20 . There was nothing they needed. They had 21 puzzles, books, and games to keep them satisfied for hours. Not to mention the outdoor 22 . Now, they need this toy. They’ll be miserable 23 they have it. After calming down the kids and giving some firm nos, it’s time to 24 the experience.
Aren’t we all like those children We’re mostly fine until we run into a situation where our desires are 25 . This could be a trip to the mall or a view of someone’s vacation pictures on WeChat. There are new things or experiences we 26 ! We’ll be so miserable without them.
We are all 27 affected. And that’s thought-provoking.
Recognizing our weakness and the source of the temptation (诱惑) is a big first step towards 28 it. We can begin by steeling ourselves against the sources — 29 social media, avoiding the mall… And even under those circumstances that can’t be avoided, we can repeat to ourselves the wisdom, “Who is the rich person The one who is 30 with his life. ”
16．A．original B．occasional C．important D．inspiring
17．A．In order B．In general C．Now and then D．More or less
18．A．ignored B．puzzled C．prohibited D．attracted
19．A．within its reach B．a piece of cake C．the worst of it D．as plain as day
20．A．content B．curious C．innocent D．unsettled
21．A．all B．limited C．enough D．extra
22．A．options B．agency C．education D．areas
23．A．if B．because C．until D．though
24．A．meet with B．bring up C．work out D．reflect on
25．A．excited B．admitted C．controlled D．expressed
26．A．need B．obtain C．possess D．share
27．A．secretly B．directly C．barely D．easily
28．A．understanding B．conquering C．investigating D．building
29．A．making time for B．looking forward to C．staying away from D．taking advantage
of
30．A．familiar B．satisfied C．busy D．concerned
【答案】
16．B 17．B 18．D 19．C 20．A 21．C 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．A 27．D 28．B 29．C 30．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过讲述我们会被传单所吸引而进行购物，来说明我们很容易受到外界的影响和诱惑，要想克服这些，应该远离这些资源或对现有生活保持满足的态度。
16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然大多数的传单已经像磁带录音一样消失了，但偶尔还是会有传单出现在我们家门口。A. original最初的；B. occasional偶尔的；C. important重要的；D. inspiring鼓舞人心的。根据上文“Although most flyers (传单) have gone the way of tape recordings”可知上下文是转折关系，可知虽然大多数传单消失了，但是偶尔还是会有传单出现在家门口，故选B。
17．考查介词短语辨析。句意：一般来说，他们会直接去回收箱——除非有小孩，或者有一页玩具吸引了他们的眼球。A. In order按次序的；B. In general一般来说；C. Now and then有时；D. More or less几乎，差不多。根据下文“unless there are small children and a page with toys catches their eyes.”可知这是特殊情况，所以推测上文是通常情况，传单都进入了回收箱，故选B。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们被它所吸引。A. ignored忽视；B. puzzled迷糊；C. prohibited禁止；D. attracted吸引。根据下文“They tend to feel forced to read it over and over again.”可知是他们会被传单吸引，故选D。
19．考查固定短语辨析。句意：但这还不是最糟糕的。A. within its reach触手可及；B. a piece of cake举手之劳；C. the worst of it最糟糕的；D. as plain as day显而易见。根据下文“Now there’s a whole list of toys they can’t live without.”可推知上文还不是最糟糕的，而糟糕的是现在的清单上都是他们离不开的玩具，故选C。
20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他们看到这个页面之前，他们很满足。A. content满足的；B. curious好奇的；C. innocent无辜的；D. unsettled不稳定的。根据下文“There was nothing they needed.”可知他们什么也不需要，所以应该是很满足，故选A。
21．考查代词和形容词词义辨析。句意：他们有足够的谜题、书籍和游戏让他们满足好几个小时。A. all所有；B. limited有限的；C. enough足够的；D. extra额外的。根据上文“There was nothing they needed.”可知他们什么也不需要，是因为有足够的东西能满足他们几个小时，故选C。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：更不用说户外的选择了。A. options选择；B. agency代理机构；C. education教育；D. areas区域。根据上文“They had 6 puzzles, books, and games to keep them satisfied for
hours.”可知有足够的东西能满足他们，所以更不会去户外了，故选A。
23．考查连词词义辨析。句意：在得到它之前，他们会很痛苦。A. if如果；B. because因为；C. until直到；D. though尽管。根据上文“Now, they need this toy.”可知直到拥有这个玩具之前他们都会很痛苦，故选C。
24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在让孩子们冷静下来并给出一些坚决的拒绝之后，是时候反思这次经历了。A. meet with碰到；B. bring up养育；C. work out计算出；D. reflect on反思。根据下文“Aren’t we all like those children We’re mostly fine until we run into a situation where our desires are 10 .”可知是在反思这次经历，故选D。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数情况下我们都很好，直到我们的欲望被激发。A. excited激发；B. admitted承认；C. controlled控制；D. expressed表达。根据下文“This could be a trip to the mall or a view of someone’s vacation pictures on WeChat.”可知我们的欲望被激发，才会想去购物，或者去度假，故选A。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们需要新的事物或经历! A. need需要；B. obtain获得；C. possess拥有；D. share分享。根据下文“We’ll be so miserable without them.”可知没有新的事物和经历会很痛苦，所以我们需要，故选A。
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们都很容易受影响。A. secretly秘密地；B. directly直接地；C. barely仅仅；D. easily容易地。根据上文“Aren’t we all like those children We’re mostly fine until we run into a situation where our desires are 10 . This could be a trip to the mall or a view of someone’s vacation pictures on WeChat.”可知我们很容易受到购物中心或者社交媒体的影响，故选D。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：认识到我们的弱点和诱惑的来源是征服它的第一步。A. understanding理解；B. conquering征服；C. investigating调查；D. building建立。根据下文“Recognizing our weakness and the source of the temptation (诱惑)”可知我们要想摆脱那些诱惑，克服那些想要购物的欲望，应该是先认识我们的弱点和诱惑，故选B。
29．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们可以从让自己远离社交媒体、避开购物中心开始，即使在这些无法避免的情况下，我们也可以对自己重复这样的智慧：“谁是富人 ”就是对生活满意的人。”A. making time for腾出时间；B. looking forward to期盼；C. staying away from远离；D. taking advantage of利用。根据上文“We can begin by steeling ourselves against the sources”可知我们要想不受那些诱惑影响，应该远离那些资源，故选C。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. familiar熟悉的；B. satisfied满意的；C. busy繁忙的；D. concerned关注的。根据上文“And even under those circumstances that can’t be avoided, we can repeat to ourselves the wisdom, “Who is the rich person ”以及前文可知我们克服这些购物的欲望，我们才能成为富人，也就是对现在生活满意的人，故选B。
3.（2023高三·江苏镇江·开学考试）
In all one’s lifetime it is oneself that one spends the most time being with or dealing with. But it is 31 oneself that one has the least understanding of. When you are going upwards in life you tend to overestimate yourself. It seems that everything you seek for is within your 32 . When you are going downhill you tend to underestimate yourself.
To get a thorough understanding of oneself is to gain a correct view of oneself and be a realist-aware of both one’s 33 and weaknesses. You may 34 hopefully to the future but be sure not to 35 too much, for ideals can never be fully realized. You may be 36 to meet challenges but it should be clear to you 37 to direct your efforts. That’s to say, so long as you have a perfect 38 of yourself, there won’t be difficulties you can’t overcome.
To get a thorough understanding of oneself needs self-appreciation. Whether you think you are a towering tree or a blade of grass, a high mountain or a small stone, you represent a state of nature that has its own reason of 39 . If you earnestly admire yourself you’ll have a real sense of self-appreciation, which will give you confidence. 40 you gain full confidence in yourself, you’ll be enabled to fight and overcome any difficulty.
To get a thorough understanding of oneself also requires doing oneself a favor when it’s needed. In time of anger, do yourself a favor by giving an outlet to it in a quiet place so that you won’t be hurt by its flames; in time of sadness, do yourself a favor by 41 it with your friends so as to change a gloomy mood into a cheerful one; in time of tiredness, do yourself a favor by getting a good sleep or taking some stimulant. Show yourself loving concern about your health and daily life. 42 you know perfectly well when and how to do yourself a favor, you won’t be confident and ready enough to 43 the attack of illness. As you are aware, what a person physically has is but a human body that’s vulnerable when 44 to the elements. So if you fall ill, it’s up to you to take a good care of yourself.
In a word, to get a thorough understanding of oneself is to get a full 45 of one’s life. Then one will find one’s life full of color and flavor.
31．A．permanently B．previously C．precisely D．perfectly
32．A．reach B．budget C．development D．brain
33．A．shortages B．disadvantages C．strengths D．limitations
34．A．look up B．look back C．look forward D．look down
35．A．expect B．analyze C．inspect D．dream
36．A．honest B．comprehensive C．courageous D．delicate
37．A．what B．which C．how D．where
38．A．image B．knowledge C．system D．memory
39．A．attack B．criticism C．popularity D．existence
40．A．As much as B．As soon as C．As far as D．As well as
41．A．quarreling B．arguing C．sharing D．blaming
42．A．Unless B．Once C．Since D．If
43．A．recall B．restore C．restart D．resist
44．A．exchanged B．exposed C．experienced D．exported
45．A．mark B．control C．account D．recovery
【答案】
31．C 32．A 33．C 34．C 35．A 36．C 37．D 38．B 39．D 40．B 41．C 42．A 43．D 44．B 45．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章告诉我们，不要妄自菲薄，也不用高估自己，要学会真正了解自己，自我肯定，学会排解情绪，掌控生活。
31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但人最不了解的恰恰是自己。A. permanently永久地；B. previously先前地；C. precisely恰好、精确地；D. perfectly完美地。根据上文的but和下文“one has the least understanding of(一个人最不了解)”可知，此处是指人最不理解“恰恰”是自己。故选C项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：似乎你想要的一切都触手可及。A. reach能及的范围；B. budget预算；C. development发展；D. brain大脑。分析句意再根据within可知，此处用within reach表示“伸手可及”。故选A项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：彻悟自己，就是要正确认识自己，做一个现实主义者，既认清自己的长处，也清楚自己的短处。A. shortages短缺；B. disadvantages劣势；C. strengths优势、长处；D. limitations局限。分析句意再根据下文的weaknesses可知，此处用strengths表示“优势、长处”与下文呼应，故选C项。
34．考查短语辨析。句意：你可以憧憬未来，但不要期望太高，因为理想永远不能完全实现。A. look up尊敬、查阅；B. look back回头看；C. look forward期望；D. look down向下看。分析句意再根据下文的future可知，此处指对未来的憧憬。故选C项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. expect期待；B. analyze分析；C. inspect审查；D. dream梦想。分析句意再根据上文的but可知，上下文是转折关系，所以此处指不要“期望”太多。故选A项。
36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你可以勇敢地迎接挑战，但你应该清楚自己努力的方向。A. honest诚实的；B. comprehensive综合性的；C. courageous勇敢的；D. delicate柔和的。分析句意再根据下文的“to meet challenges(迎接挑战)”可知，此处用固定搭配be courageous to do sth表示“勇敢地做某事”符合语境。故选C项。
37．考查疑问词辨析。句意：同上。A. what什么；B. which哪一个；C. how如何；D. where哪儿。分析句意再根据空格后的to direct可知，此处用where指努力的方向符合语境。故选D项。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，只要你对自己有充分的认识，就没有克服不了的困难。A. image形象；B. knowledge认识、知识；C. system体系；D. memory记忆。根据下文“there won’t be difficulties you can’t overcome.(没有你克服不了的困难。)”可知，此处是指对自己有充分的“认识”符合语境。故选B项。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论你认为自己是一棵参天大树还是一棵小草，是一座高山还是一块小石头，你都代表着一种自然状态，都有自己存在的理由。A. attack袭击；B. criticism批评；C. popularity流行；D. existence存在。分析句意再根据空格前的reason of可知，此处指“存在”的理由。故选D项。
40．考查固定短语辨析。句意：如果你认真地欣赏自己，你就会有一种真正的自我欣赏，它会给你信心。只要你对自己充满信心，你就能战胜任何困难。A. As much as多达；B. As soon as一……就；C. As far as至于；D. As well as也、和。根据下文“you’ll be enabled to fight and overcome any difficulty.(你将能够对抗和克服任何困难)”可知，此处指你一达到充满信心这一条件，就能客服任何困难。故选B项。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在忧伤的时候，要善待自己，找朋友倾诉一下，让沮丧的心情振作起来。A. quarreling吵架；B. arguing争辩；C. sharing分享；D. blaming责备。根据下文“so as to change a gloomy mood into a cheerful one(这样就可以把阴沉的心情变成愉快的心情)”可知，此处指通过和朋友倾诉即“分享”可以转变心情，故选C项。
42．考查连词辨析。句意：除非你非常清楚何时以及如何帮助自己，否则你不会有足够的信心和准备来抵抗疾病的攻击。A. Unless除非；B. Once曾经；C. Since自从、因为；D. If如果。根据下文“ you know perfectly well when and how to do yourself a favor,(你非常清楚何时以及如何帮助自己)”可知，此处是表必要条件，所以用 Unless表示“除非”符合语境。故选A项。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.recall回想起；B. restore恢复；C. restart重新启动；D. resist抵抗。根据下文“the attack of illness(疾病的攻击)”可知，此处指“抵抗”疾病的攻击。故选D项。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如你所知道的，一个人的身体所拥有的只是一个暴露在自然环境中的脆
弱的人体。A. exchanged交换；B. exposed暴露；C. experienced经历；D. exported出口。分析句意再根据to the elements可知，此处指“暴露”在自然环境中。故选B项。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：总之，彻底了解自己，才能掌握自己的人生。A. mark标记；B. control掌握、控制；C. account账户；D. recovery恢复。分析句意再根据空格后的life可知，此处指“掌握”自己的人生，符合语境。故选B项。
4.（2023·福建厦门·一模）
Whenever I am in a group of people, I feel like everyone knows what to say and I have no idea. When I do try to join in, I get anxious. I struggle 46 words. This happens at parties or meetings. I feel judged- 47 I were being interviewed for a job. People think I am a loner. Maybe I am.
Individuals experiencing this type of social 48 often avoid eye contact, because it makes them feel 49 and judged. The feelings of awkwardness and not fitting in with others are often disarming, preventing these individuals from 50 themselves and sticking up for themselves in social environments, though they may be 51 at asserting themselves in environments that are focused on a task rather than 52
To 53 into a group, you need to be interested in the topics that others in the group are interested in and talk about them the way they do. Becoming a part of these groups requires that you 54 some of your individuality in order to accept others’ 55 and values.
Some individuals are chameleon (变色龙)-like in that they 56 pick up the patterns of relating to different groups and 57 themselves accordingly. For them, this is automatic and they don’t even come to the 58 that they are changing themselves to fit into groups. If you are one of those people who feel 59 in most social group settings, it may be because you 60 changing the way you think in order to feel part of a group. Maybe you are better off.
46．A．reading B．pronouncing C．seeing D．writing
47．A．even though B．as C．if D．as if
48．A．status B．discomfort C．event D．response
49．A．transparent B．urgent C．frustrated D．Disappointed
50．A．comforting B．correcting C．asserting D．convincing
51．A．creative B．effective C．attractive D．tentative
52．A．contribution B．requirement C．assignment D．socialization
53．A．dive B．dig C．get D．fit
54．A．sacrifice B．give C．examine D．present
55．A．hobbies B．approaches C．perspectives D．promises
56．A．naturally B．partly C．vaguely D．merely
57．A．explain B．support C．help D．modify
58．A．conclusion B．realization C．decision D．point
59．A．attached B．removed C．disconnected D．connected
60．A．resist B．allow C．miss D．suggest
【答案】
46．B 47．D 48．B 49．A 50．C 51．B 52．D 53．D 54．A 55．C 56．A 57．D 58．B 59．C 60．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为，拒绝改变自己去融入团队，也是一种展示自己是团队一员的方式，或许这对于不太擅于社交的人来说，是一种更好的方式。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很难发音。A. reading阅读；B. pronouncing发音；C. seeing看见；D. writing写作。根据上文“Whenever I am in a group of people, I feel like everyone knows what to say and I have no idea. When I do try to join in, I get anxious.”可知，作者认为每个人都该说点什么，但是他紧张了，所以他说不出话，故选B。
47．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我觉得自己被评判了，就好像在面试工作一样。A. even though尽管；B. as因为；C. if如果；D. as if似乎，好像。根据上文“I were being interviewed for a job”可知，作者用“面试的尴尬”来比喻“自己在公共场合说不出话的窘境”，故选D。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有这种社交不适感的人通常会避免眼神交流，因为这会让他们觉得自己很透明，会被人评判。A. status地位，状况；B. discomfort不适；C. event事件；D. response回应。根据下文“avoid eye contact”可知，感到不适才会避免眼神交流。故选B。
49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有这种社交不适感的人通常会避免眼神交流，因为这会让他们觉得自己很透明，会被人评判。A. transparent透明的；B. urgent紧急的；C. frustrated受挫的；D. disappointed失望的。根据下文“judged”推知，感觉自己是透明的，很容易被人评判（即看穿），故选A。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尴尬和不适应他人的感觉通常会让人解除戒备，阻止这些人在社交环境中坚持自己和坚持自己，尽管他们可能会在专注于任务而不是社交的环境中有效地坚持自己。A. comforting安慰；B. correcting校正；C. asserting维护；D. convincing令人信服。根据下文的“asserting themselves in
environments”可知，此处为原词复现，即解除戒备后，人出于放松的状态，不能很好的坚持自己（的观点等）。故选C。
51．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. creative有创意的；B. effective有效的；C. attractive吸引人的；D. tentative试探性的。根据下文“ asserting themselves in environments that are focused on a task ”可知，此处指在专注于任务时，那些尴尬和不适应他人的人能有效的坚持自己（但在社交情况下他们不能）。故选B。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意同5小题。A. contribution贡献；B. requirement要求；C. assignment任务；D. socialization社会化。呼应上文“preventing these individuals from 5 themselves and sticking up for themselves in social environments”此处指社交环境，故选D。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了融入团队，你需要对团队中其他人感兴趣的话题感兴趣，并以他们的方式谈论这些话题。A. dive潜水；B. dig挖掘；C. get得到；D. fit适应。根据下文的“Becoming a part of these groups”可知，是融入团队，故选D。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：要成为这些群体的一员，你必须牺牲自己的一些个性，以接受他人的观点和价值观。A. sacrifice牺牲；B. give给予；C. examine检查；D. present颁发，现身。根据上文“accept others’ ____10____ and values”可知，需要接受他人的价值观和其他东西，这就是一种牺牲。故选A。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：要成为这些群体的一员，你必须牺牲自己的一些个性，以接受他人的观点和价值观。A. hobbies爱好；B. approaches方法；C. perspectives看法；D. promises承诺。根据下文的“and”可知，此处和value并列指“看法”，故选C。
56．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有些人就像变色龙一样，他们自然而然地学会了与不同群体打交道的模式，并相应地调整自己。A. naturally自然地；B. partly部分地；C. vaguely稍微地；D. merely仅仅，只。根据下文“this is automatic”可知，他们的改变是自然而然的，故选A。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人就像变色龙一样，他们自然而然地学会了与不同群体打交道的模式，并相应地调整自己。A. explain解释；B. support支持；C. help帮助；D. modify改变。根据下文的“changing themselves”可知，是改变自己，故选D。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，这是自动的，他们甚至没有意识到他们正在改变自己以适应群体。A. conclusion总结；B. realization意识；C. decision决定；D. point观点。根据上文的“this is automatic”可知，这种改变是“自动的”，就连他们自己都没有意识到，故选B。
59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你是那些在大多数社会群体中感觉与世隔绝的人之一，这可能是因为你拒绝改变自己的思维方式来感觉自己是群体的一部分。A. attached系上；B. removed移除；C. disconnected隔绝；D. connected连接。根据上文“that they are changing themselves to fit into groups”可知，有的人改变自己
去融入集体，有的人感觉自己不能融入集体，好像与之隔绝。故选C。
60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你是那些在大多数社会群体中感觉与世隔绝的人之一，这可能是因为你抵制改变自己的思维方式来感觉自己是群体的一部分。A. resist抵抗；B. allow允许；C. miss错过；D. suggest建议。根据上文“who feel disconnected in most social group settings”可知，有的人感觉自己脱离集体，原因就是自己“抵制”改变，而感觉自己也是团队的一员。故选A。
5.（2023高三·广东广州·阶段练习）
There’s a pattern going like this: it’s late, but instead of going to bed, we stay up. The next day we’re tired and 61 ourselves an early night. Then it 62 again. Why do we insist on an action that’s 63 messing up our life
Through childhood, night-time seemed 64 . From our dark room, we saw grown-ups chatting around the table and 65 some things we weren’t supposed to know. In adolescence (青春期), the night was filled with 66 . It was when poets drew inspiration, parties got wild, and our friends became most 67 , describing their plans to reform the world. Thus, we have a sense that to go to bed early is to 68 joys.
In fact, such 69 in our memories were only an accident. These great things aren’t specific to 70 . The deep communication with friends, the determination to 71 the work that wore you out: these aren’t 72 of late night, but tasks of our daytime selves — 73 well-rested minds.
We should be able to let ourselves go to bed early, not when we consider our search for happiness 74 , but when we relocate (迁移) our longing and seek 75 where it can more realistically be found: in the bright and energetic hours of the new day.
61．A．refuse B．prepare C．promise D．spare
62．A．works B．helps C．responds D．happens
63．A．clearly B．surprisingly C．naturally D．deliberately
64．A．dangerous B．secret C．free D．harmonious
65．A．caught B．discussed C．believed D．recorded
66．A．uncertainties B．impossibilities C．fantasies D．excitements
67．A．curious B．anxious C．sensitive D．talkative
68．A．miss out on B．come up with C．go in for D．break away from
69．A．limitations B．devotions C．associations D．decisions
70．A．darkness B．memory C．youth D．reality
71．A．undertake B．land C．quit D．continue
72．A．features B．demands C．challenges D．bonuses
73．A．training B．requiring C．affecting D．disturbing
74．A．hopeless B．primary C．complex D．urgent
75．A．fortune B．pleasure C．company D．support
【答案】
61．C 62．D 63．A 64．B 65．A 66．D 67．D 68．A 69．C 70．A 71．C 72．D 73．B 74．A 75．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。我们都知道熬夜的坏处，但童年的夜晚总是那么神秘，青少年时的夜晚更加充满魅力，这一切都在吸引着我们熬夜。
61．考查动词词义辨析。句意：到了第二天，我们觉得疲惫，承诺我们自己今晚一定早睡。A. refuse拒绝；B. prepare准备；C. promise许诺，承诺，答应，保证；D. spare省得，免去。根据上文的“it’s late, but instead of going to bed, we stay up.”可知，我们总是熬夜到很晚，第二天很疲惫。因此推断此处表示我们承诺自己要早睡。故选C。
62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来那些又发生了。A. works起作用，奏效；B. helps帮助；C. responds回应；D. happens发生，出现。根据下文提到“Why do we insist on an action that’s 3 messing up our life ”可知，然后我们又熬夜了，熬夜再次出现。故选D。
63．考查副词词义辨析。句意：为什么我们要坚持一个明显会把我们的生活搞得一团糟的行为 A. clearly明显地，显然地；B. surprisingly令人惊讶地；C. naturally自然地；D. deliberately故意地，蓄意地。根据上下文可知，an action指上文的stay up，即熬夜行为。因此推断此处表示我们为什么要坚持这样一种明显扰乱了我们的生活的行为呢。故选A。
64．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：整个童年，夜晚似乎是神秘的。A. dangerous危险的；B. secret神秘的，秘密的；C. free自由的；D. harmonious和谐的。根据下文提到的“From our dark room, we saw grown-ups chatting around the table and 5 some things we weren’t supposed to know.”可知，此处表示童年时的夜晚是神秘的。故选B。
65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从我们黑暗的房间里，我们看到大人们围着桌子聊天，还听到了一些我们不应该知道的事情。A. caught看见，听到；B. discussed讨论；C. believed相信；D. recorded记录。根据上文“we saw grown-ups chatting around the table”可知，我们会听到一些不应该知道的事。故选A。
66．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在青春期时，夜晚充满了兴奋。A. uncertainties令人无把握的局面；B. impossibilities不可能的事，办不到的事；C. fantasies幻想，想象；D. excitements令人激动 (或兴奋)的事。根据下文提到“It was when poets drew inspiration, parties got wild, and our friends became most 7 , describing their plans to reform the world.”可知，夜晚充满了令人激动的事，诗人的灵感，疯狂的派对。故选D。
67．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在夜晚，诗人会找到灵感，聚会变得疯狂，我们的朋友们变得最健谈，讲述他们改变世界的计划。A. curious求知欲强的，好奇的；B. anxious焦虑的，忧虑的，担心的；C. sensitive体恤的，善解人意的，敏感的；D. talkative爱说话的，健谈的。根据下文提到“describing their plans to reform the world”可推断，在夜晚，我们的朋友变得非常健谈，描述自己改变世界的计划。故选D。
68．考查动词短语辨析。句意：因而，我们有一种感觉：早睡会错过乐趣。A. miss out on错失获利(或取乐等)的机会；B. come up with找到(答案)，拿出(一笔钱等)；C. go in for对……有兴趣，爱好……；D. break away from突然挣脱，逃脱。根据上文“It was when poets drew inspiration, parties got wild, and our friends became most 7 , describing their plans to reform the world.”可知，上文描述了夜晚带给我们的感受，因此推断此处表示我们感觉早睡会错过乐趣。故选A。
69．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，这种在我们记忆中的联系只是一个意外。A. limitations局限，限度；B. devotions奉献，忠诚，热爱；C. associations联想，联系；D. decisions决定。根据上一段提到的夜间活动带给我们乐趣可知，这些在我们的记忆中的夜间活动和快乐之间的联系纯属偶然。故选C。
70．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些很棒的事情不仅限于黑暗的时候。A. darkness黑暗，阴暗，漆黑；B. memory记忆；C. youth青少年时期；D. reality现实。根据上文提到夜晚的神秘和快乐以及下文提到“tasks of our daytime selves”和“in the bright and energetic hours of the new day”可推断，此处表示这些很棒的事情不仅限于黑暗的时候，即夜晚。故选A。
71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更深层次地接触朋友，放弃让你疲惫不堪的工作的决心：这些不是存在于深夜的奖励，而是我们白天自己的任务——需要充分休息的大脑。A. undertake承担，从事；B. land成功得到，着陆；C. quit离开(工作职位、学校等)，离任，离校；D. continue继续。根据上文的“the determination”和下文的“the work that wore you out”可知，此处表示辞掉使你筋疲力尽的工作。故选C。
72．考查名词词义辨析。句意：更深层次地接触朋友，放弃让你疲惫不堪的工作的决心：这些不是存在于深夜的奖励，而是我们白天自己的任务——需要充分休息的大脑。A. features特点，特色；B. demands要求；C. challenges挑战；D. bonuses额外的好处，意外收获。根据下文“but tasks of our daytime selves”可知，“更深层次地接触朋友，放弃让你疲惫不堪的工作的决心”不是深夜的额外好处而是白天的任务。故选D。
73．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更深层次地接触朋友，放弃让你疲惫不堪的工作的决心：这些不是存在于深夜的奖励，而是我们白天自己的任务——需要充分休息的大脑。A. training训练，培训；B. requiring需要，依靠，依赖；C. affecting影响；D. disturbing打扰，干扰，妨碍。根据上文提到的“The deep communication with friends, the determination to 11 the work that wore you out: these aren’t 12 of late night, but tasks of our daytime selves”可知，此处表示这些事应该在白天做，需要好好休息过的大脑来处理。故选B。
74．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们应该能够让自己早睡，不是在我们认为对幸福的追求无望的时候，而是在我们把渴望转移去寻找快乐的时候，在更现实的地方——新的一天里明亮而充满活力的时刻——找到人生乐趣。A. hopeless无望的；B. primary主要的，最重要的，基本的；C. complex复杂的，难懂的，费解的；D. urgent紧急的，紧迫的，迫切的。根据上文内容“Thus, we have a sense that to go to bed early is to 8 joys”可知，我们认为睡觉会错过快乐，因此推断此处表示我们应该让自己早睡，而非直到认为寻找快乐无望时才睡觉。故选A。
75．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们应该能够让自己早睡，不是在我们认为对幸福的追求无望的时候，而是在我们把渴望转移去寻找快乐的时候，在更现实的地方——新的一天里明亮而充满活力的时刻——找到人生乐趣。A. fortune财富，好运；B. pleasure高兴，快乐；C. company陪伴；D. support支持。根据下文“where it can more realistically be found: in the bright and energetic hours of the new day.”可推测，我们应更现实地寻找快乐——在明亮且精力充沛的崭新的一天。故选B。
6.（2023高三·辽宁鞍山·阶段练习）
We are often told that we should not give up, and that all the most successful people have persistence. Usually, people who do not 76 persistence are called lazy. But laziness is not the 77 problem. More often, it is doubt and fear that make you 78 and keep you from trying. These gradually 79 your sense of self-worth, which can lead to depression. That is why it is so 80 to push ahead. Failure is a(n) 81 for us to discover what goes wrong. After all, no one 82 their goal easily. For example, it’s constant 83 that makes Stephen Curry one of the greatest basketball players.
Persistence doesn’t mean you should stay in a terrible situation. It’s about 84 . Adversity (逆境) is unavoidable, but it doesn’t mean you should give up. You just need to 85 how you reach it. Alter your plans, choose another method, or find a different 86 .
If you’re 87 , persistence comes naturally. I underwent an amazing amount of 88 when I first started writing. My father opposed it. I received hundreds of rejection letters from publishers. 89 , I
stuck to it. Eventually, my persistence paid off. My articles were 90 by an editor, who hired me to write articles. I endured over 10 years before seeing any success. Why It was my love for writing that motivated me after repeated rejection and failure.
76．A．demonstrate B．enjoy C．control D．admit
77．A．special B．usual C．difficult D．only
78．A．regret B．grow C．delete D．hesitate
79．A．shape B．reduce C．raise D．construct
80．A．rough B．thrilling C．essential D．scary
81．A．excuse B．strategy C．opportunity D．measure
82．A．sets B．abandons C．adjusts D．achieves
83．A．practice B．test C．pressure D．passion
84．A．devotion B．reflection C．flexibility D．attention
85．A．accept B．insist C．plan D．change
86．A．goal B．path C．hobby D．reason
87．A．passionate B．curious C．responsible D．smart
88．A．expectation B．criticism C．hardship D．imagination
89．A．Otherwise B．Nevertheless C．Therefore D．Moreover
90．A．appreciated B．rejected C．considered D．published
【答案】
76．A 77．D 78．D 79．B 80．C 81．C 82．D 83．A 84．C 85．D 86．B 87．A 88．C 89．B 90．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述了要实现目标，一定要坚持并且努力奋斗。
76．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常，没有表现出毅力的人被称为懒惰。A. demonstrate证明，表现出；B. enjoy喜欢；C. control控制；D. admit承认。根据上文“We are often told that we should not give up, and that all the most successful people have persistence (我们经常被告知我们不应该放弃，所有最成功的人都有毅力)”可知，没有表现出毅力的人被称为懒惰。故选A。
77．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但懒惰并不是唯一的问题。A. special特别的；B. usual通常的；C. difficult困难的；D. only唯一的。根据后文“More often, it is doubt and fear that make you 3 and keep you from trying (更多的时候，是怀疑和恐惧让你犹豫，让你放弃尝试)”可知，更多的时候是怀疑和恐惧让你犹豫并放
弃尝试，可知，懒惰并不是唯一的问题，故选D。
78．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更多的时候，是怀疑和恐惧让你犹豫，让你放弃尝试。A. regret后悔；B. grow成长；C. delete删除；D. hesitate犹豫。根据本句“doubt and fear (怀疑和恐惧)”可知，怀疑和恐惧让人犹豫。故选D。
79．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些会逐渐降低你的自我价值感，从而导致抑郁。A. shape塑造；B. reduce减少，降低；C. raise提升；D. construct建造。根据上句 “More often, it is doubt and fear that make you 3 and keep you from trying (更多的时候，是怀疑和恐惧让你犹豫，让你放弃尝试)”可知，怀疑和恐惧会逐渐降低你的自我价值感，从而导致抑郁。故选B。
80．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么勇往直前是如此必要的原因。A. rough困难的；B. thrilling令人激动的；C. essential基本的；重要的；D. scary害怕的。根据上文“These gradually 4 your sense of self-worth, which can lead to depression. (这些会逐渐降低你的自我价值感，从而导致抑郁)”可知，怀疑和恐惧会逐渐降低你的自我价值感，从而导致抑郁，所以勇往直前是很重要的。故选C。
81．考查名词词义辨析。句意：失败是我们发现问题所在的机会。A. excuse借口；B. strategy策略；C. opportunity机会；D. measure措施。根据本句“to discover what goes wrong. (去发现哪里出了问题)”可知，失败是我们发现问题所在的机会。故选C。
82．考查动词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，没有人能轻易实现自己的目标。A. sets设定；B. abandons放弃；C. adjusts调整；D. achieves达到、实现。根据后句“ For example, it’s constant 8 that makes Stephen Curry one of the greatest basketball players. (例如，正是不断的练习使斯蒂芬·库里成为最伟大的篮球运动员之一)”可知，没有人能轻易实现自己的目标。故选D。
83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，正是不断的练习使斯蒂芬·库里成为最伟大的篮球运动员之一。 A. practice练习；B. test测试；C. pressure压力；D. passion激情。根据上句“After all, no one 7 their goal easily. (毕竟，没有人能轻易实现自己的目标)”可知，不断的练习使斯蒂芬·库里实现自己的目标。故选A。
84．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是灵活性的问题。A. devotion忠诚、奉献；B. reflection反射；C. flexibility灵活性；D. attention注意力。根据后句“You just need to 10 how you reach it. (你只需要改变你实现它的方式)”可知，改变你实现它的方式，是做出了灵活性的调整。故选C。
85．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你只需要改变你实现它的方式。A. accept接受；B. insist坚持；C. plan计划；D. change改变。根据后句“Alter your plans, choose another method, or find a different 11 .(改变你的计划，选择另一种方法，或者找到一条不同的道路)”可知，改变你的计划，选择另一种方法，或者找到一条不同的道路，是改变你实现它的方式。故选D。
86．考查名词词义辨析。句意：改变你的计划，选择另一种方法，或者找到一条不同的道路。A. goal目标；B. path道路；C. hobby爱好；D. reason理由。根据上文“You just need to 10 how you reach it. (你只需要改变你实现它的方式)”以及本句“Alter your plans, choose another method (改变你的计划，选择另一种方法)”可知，找到一条不同的道路来实现它。故选B。
87．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你充满激情，坚持是自然而然的事。A. passionate狂热的；B. curious好奇的；C. responsible有责任的。D. smart聪明的。根据本句“persistence comes naturally (坚持是自然而然的事)”可知，坚持是自然而然的事是因为你充满激情。故选A。
88．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我刚开始写作时，我经历了大量的困难。A. expectation期待，预期；B. criticism批评；C. hardship困难；D. imagination想象力。根据后句“My father opposed it. I received hundreds of rejection letters from publishers (我父亲反对。我收到了数百封出版商的拒绝信)”可知，这是作者遇到的困难。故选C。
89．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，我还是坚持了下来。A. Otherwise否则，不然；B. Nevertheless然而，不过；C. Therefore因此；D. Moreover而且。根据后句“My father opposed it. I received hundreds of rejection letters from publishers (我父亲反对。我收到了数百封出版商的拒绝信)”以及后句“I stuck to it(我坚持了下来)”可知，我刚开始写作时经历了大量的困难，然而，我还是坚持了下来。故选B。
90．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的文章得到了一位编辑的赏识，他雇我写文章。A. appreciated感激、赏识；B. rejected拒绝；C. considered考虑；D. published惩罚。根据本句“who hired me to write articles (他雇我写文章)”可知，我的文章得到了一位编辑的赏识。故选A。压轴题11 完形填空
命题预测 分析近几年新高考完形填空可知，高考完形填空注重考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况，命题遵循“突出语篇，强调应用，注重实际”的思路。内容情节深刻，常涉及人物心理活动的细致描写，篇章与句子结构变化丰富，文章内容将文化、知识、教育、趣味等融为一体，时代感突出，生活化明显，寓教于乐，充满正能量。预测2024年高考对于完形填空的考查仍是压轴考题。
高频考法 句中题 句间题 语篇题
完形填空基本规律及解题要领
议论文类完形填空是高考完形填空中较难的一种文体,一般由三个要素组成:论点、论据和论证。做好议论文类的完形填空最重要的是抓住作者的论点。
不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同，大体有以下三种情况:
①开门见山地提出论证。大部分议论文在文章的首段就提出论点。然后再通过具体的论据去说明论点，论据有时候既有正面的,也有反面的。最后总结全文。
②导入式提出论点。有些议论文会先叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象,然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点，再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。
③最后提出论证。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，不表明自己的观点,然后通过对具体现象的分析,自然地得出一种结论，这种结论往往就是作者的论点。答题时要注意理清论点、论据和论证。
一般来说,能说明论据主要内容的答案可以在论点里得到印证,而能说明论点主要内容的答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来。抓住了这个特点，部分选项的答案便一目了然。
命题规律：
命题以动词和名词等实词为主，完形填空所给的选项一般是同一词类，或属同一范畴。高考完形填空题考查动词(5-8个)名词(4一6个)、然后是形容词，副词等。而介词、连词、冠词等虚词则相对考得较少。
句中命题 主要考查考生正确理解句意的能力和词汇的辨析能力。这类题设题较多。
句组命题 从上下文中命题，占比最大，考查考生对上下文的理解能力。
情境命题 这种题难度较大，考查考生对文章中心脉络、结构层次的把握能力。并具有瞻前顾后，把握全文的全局意识。
情感命题 要求考生理解文章，对作者的思想或心理进行准确的推理判断能力。
逻辑命题 考查考生的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据事情发生、发展的规律，按照作者的思维方式、语言风格等对文章的行文逻辑进行分析，做出判断。
二、完形填空的解题技巧
1. 通读全文，把握大意
研读首句或首段，跳过空格，弄清文脉，抓住主旨大意，有助于把握短文文意进行初选。
2. 明确写作要素
弄清记叙文的6要素(5W1H)，即时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)、结果(how)，抓住这些写作要素，就基本上抓住了文章的主体。
3. 瞻前顾后，先易后难
动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。先做最有把握的，简单直接的题，对于一下子不能确定答案的题，先跳过，最后再回过头来集中精力根据完形填空的高频考法和命题规律解决难点。此时一定关注语篇中的线索词。
4. 角色代入法
在做题时考生可采用“角色渗透法”，这样有助于按照作者的思维逻辑、情感色彩，深入理解文章的含义。
5. 巧用信息复现法
语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、概括词和代词复现等。语篇中如果有词汇和结构复现与话题相关等情况时，利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。
6. 利用逻辑关系法
句子或词组不是孤立存在的，其出现有一定的逻辑关系，可通过句中或句间的逻辑关系，如例证、转折、
让步、递进、因果等逻辑关系词来解题。
7. 复读再验证
完成各个选项后，把所选的选项代入文中，再把全文通读一遍，看所选的选项是否意思前后关联，顺利成章，语法结构是否正确，语言表达形式是否符合习惯用法。
04 议论文
1.（2023·安徽淮南·一模）
“Whenever I am in a group of people, I feel like everyone knows what to say except me. When I try to join in, I get anxious and have a struggle 1 words. This happens at parties or meetings and I feel 2 — as if I were being interviewed for a job. People think I am a loner. Maybe I am ”
Individuals experiencing this type of social 3 often avoid eye contact, because it makes them feel 4 and judged. The feelings of awkwardness and not fitting in with others are often frustrating. It prevents these individuals from defending and 5 for themselves in social environments, though they may be 6 at holding on to their opinions in environments that are focused on a task rather than 7 .
Fitting into groups of people requires 8 . You need to be interested in the topics that others in the group are interested in and talk about them the way they do. Becoming a part of these groups requires that you 9 some of your individuality in order to accept others’ 10 and values.
Some individuals are like chameleon (变色龙) in that they 11 pick up the patterns of different groups and 12 themselves accordingly. For them, this is automatic and they don’t even come to the 13 that they are changing themselves to fit into groups. If you are one of those people who feels 14 in most social group settings, it may be because you 15 changing the way you think in order to feel part of a group and this shouldn’t be a weakness or a failure.
1．A．reading B．pronouncing C．grasping D．writing
2．A．exposed B．caged C．perceived D．judged
3．A．remoteness B．discomfort C．event D．reality
4．A．transparent B．rigid C．urgent D．disappointed
5．A．insisting on B．breaking with C．sticking up D．talking over
6．A．critical B．effective C．contradictory D．tentative
7．A．contribution B．requirement C．assignment D．socialization
8．A．patience B．honesty C．curiosity D．agreement
9．A．sacrifice B．claim C．examine D．present
10．A．hobbies B．approaches C．views D．promises
11．A．naturally B．partly C．vaguely D．merely
12．A．explain B．support C．help D．adapt
13．A．conclusion B．awareness C．decision D．point
14．A．rewarded B．removed C．disconnected D．connected
15．A．resist B．allow C．miss D．undergo
2.（23-24高三·江苏南通·阶段练习）
Although most flyers (传单) have gone the way of tape recordings, there’s still the 16 one that shows up at our door. 17 , they go straight to the recycling bin — unless there are small children and a page with toys catches their eyes.
They are 18 by it. They tend to feel forced to read it over and over again. But that’s not 19 . Now there’s a whole list of toys they can’t live without. Before they saw this page, they were 20 . There was nothing they needed. They had 21 puzzles, books, and games to keep them satisfied for hours. Not to mention the outdoor 22 . Now, they need this toy. They’ll be miserable 23 they have it. After calming down the kids and giving some firm nos, it’s time to 24 the experience.
Aren’t we all like those children We’re mostly fine until we run into a situation where our desires are 25 . This could be a trip to the mall or a view of someone’s vacation pictures on WeChat. There are new things or experiences we 26 ! We’ll be so miserable without them.
We are all 27 affected. And that’s thought-provoking.
Recognizing our weakness and the source of the temptation (诱惑) is a big first step towards 28 it. We can begin by steeling ourselves against the sources — 29 social media, avoiding the mall… And even under those circumstances that can’t be avoided, we can repeat to ourselves the wisdom, “Who is the rich
person The one who is 30 with his life. ”
16．A．original B．occasional C．important D．inspiring
17．A．In order B．In general C．Now and then D．More or less
18．A．ignored B．puzzled C．prohibited D．attracted
19．A．within its reach B．a piece of cake C．the worst of it D．as plain as day
20．A．content B．curious C．innocent D．unsettled
21．A．all B．limited C．enough D．extra
22．A．options B．agency C．education D．areas
23．A．if B．because C．until D．though
24．A．meet with B．bring up C．work out D．reflect on
25．A．excited B．admitted C．controlled D．expressed
26．A．need B．obtain C．possess D．share
27．A．secretly B．directly C．barely D．easily
28．A．understanding B．conquering C．investigating D．building
29．A．making time for B．looking forward to C．staying away from D．taking advantage of
30．A．familiar B．satisfied C．busy D．concerned
3.（2023高三·江苏镇江·开学考试）
In all one’s lifetime it is oneself that one spends the most time being with or dealing with. But it is 31 oneself that one has the least understanding of. When you are going upwards in life you tend to overestimate yourself. It seems that everything you seek for is within your 32 . When you are going downhill you tend to underestimate yourself.
To get a thorough understanding of oneself is to gain a correct view of oneself and be a realist-aware of both one’s 33 and weaknesses. You may 34 hopefully to the future but be sure not to 35 too much, for ideals can never be fully realized. You may be 36 to meet challenges but it should be clear to you 37 to direct your efforts. That’s to say, so long as you have a perfect 38 of yourself, there won’t be difficulties you can’t overcome.
To get a thorough understanding of oneself needs self-appreciation. Whether you think you are a towering tree
or a blade of grass, a high mountain or a small stone, you represent a state of nature that has its own reason of 39 . If you earnestly admire yourself you’ll have a real sense of self-appreciation, which will give you confidence. 40 you gain full confidence in yourself, you’ll be enabled to fight and overcome any difficulty.
To get a thorough understanding of oneself also requires doing oneself a favor when it’s needed. In time of anger, do yourself a favor by giving an outlet to it in a quiet place so that you won’t be hurt by its flames; in time of sadness, do yourself a favor by 41 it with your friends so as to change a gloomy mood into a cheerful one; in time of tiredness, do yourself a favor by getting a good sleep or taking some stimulant. Show yourself loving concern about your health and daily life. 42 you know perfectly well when and how to do yourself a favor, you won’t be confident and ready enough to 43 the attack of illness. As you are aware, what a person physically has is but a human body that’s vulnerable when 44 to the elements. So if you fall ill, it’s up to you to take a good care of yourself.
In a word, to get a thorough understanding of oneself is to get a full 45 of one’s life. Then one will find one’s life full of color and flavor.
31．A．permanently B．previously C．precisely D．perfectly
32．A．reach B．budget C．development D．brain
33．A．shortages B．disadvantages C．strengths D．limitations
34．A．look up B．look back C．look forward D．look down
35．A．expect B．analyze C．inspect D．dream
36．A．honest B．comprehensive C．courageous D．delicate
37．A．what B．which C．how D．where
38．A．image B．knowledge C．system D．memory
39．A．attack B．criticism C．popularity D．existence
40．A．As much as B．As soon as C．As far as D．As well as
41．A．quarreling B．arguing C．sharing D．blaming
42．A．Unless B．Once C．Since D．If
43．A．recall B．restore C．restart D．resist
44．A．exchanged B．exposed C．experienced D．exported
45．A．mark B．control C．account D．recovery
4.（2023·福建厦门·一模）
Whenever I am in a group of people, I feel like everyone knows what to say and I have no idea. When I do try to join in, I get anxious. I struggle 46 words. This happens at parties or meetings. I feel judged- 47 I were being interviewed for a job. People think I am a loner. Maybe I am.
Individuals experiencing this type of social 48 often avoid eye contact, because it makes them feel 49 and judged. The feelings of awkwardness and not fitting in with others are often disarming, preventing these individuals from 50 themselves and sticking up for themselves in social environments, though they may be 51 at asserting themselves in environments that are focused on a task rather than 52
To 53 into a group, you need to be interested in the topics that others in the group are interested in and talk about them the way they do. Becoming a part of these groups requires that you 54 some of your individuality in order to accept others’ 55 and values.
Some individuals are chameleon (变色龙)-like in that they 56 pick up the patterns of relating to different groups and 57 themselves accordingly. For them, this is automatic and they don’t even come to the 58 that they are changing themselves to fit into groups. If you are one of those people who feel 59 in most social group settings, it may be because you 60 changing the way you think in order to feel part of a group. Maybe you are better off.
46．A．reading B．pronouncing C．seeing D．writing
47．A．even though B．as C．if D．as if
48．A．status B．discomfort C．event D．response
49．A．transparent B．urgent C．frustrated D．Disappointed
50．A．comforting B．correcting C．asserting D．convincing
51．A．creative B．effective C．attractive D．tentative
52．A．contribution B．requirement C．assignment D．socialization
53．A．dive B．dig C．get D．fit
54．A．sacrifice B．give C．examine D．present
55．A．hobbies B．approaches C．perspectives D．promises
56．A．naturally B．partly C．vaguely D．merely
57．A．explain B．support C．help D．modify
58．A．conclusion B．realization C．decision D．point
59．A．attached B．removed C．disconnected D．connected
60．A．resist B．allow C．miss D．suggest
5.（2023高三·广东广州·阶段练习）
There’s a pattern going like this: it’s late, but instead of going to bed, we stay up. The next day we’re tired and 61 ourselves an early night. Then it 62 again. Why do we insist on an action that’s 63 messing up our life
Through childhood, night-time seemed 64 . From our dark room, we saw grown-ups chatting around the table and 65 some things we weren’t supposed to know. In adolescence (青春期), the night was filled with 66 . It was when poets drew inspiration, parties got wild, and our friends became most 67 , describing their plans to reform the world. Thus, we have a sense that to go to bed early is to 68 joys.
In fact, such 69 in our memories were only an accident. These great things aren’t specific to 70 . The deep communication with friends, the determination to 71 the work that wore you out: these aren’t 72 of late night, but tasks of our daytime selves — 73 well-rested minds.
We should be able to let ourselves go to bed early, not when we consider our search for happiness 74 , but when we relocate (迁移) our longing and seek 75 where it can more realistically be found: in the bright and energetic hours of the new day.
61．A．refuse B．prepare C．promise D．spare
62．A．works B．helps C．responds D．happens
63．A．clearly B．surprisingly C．naturally D．deliberately
64．A．dangerous B．secret C．free D．harmonious
65．A．caught B．discussed C．believed D．recorded
66．A．uncertainties B．impossibilities C．fantasies D．excitements
67．A．curious B．anxious C．sensitive D．talkative
68．A．miss out on B．come up with C．go in for D．break away from
69．A．limitations B．devotions C．associations D．decisions
70．A．darkness B．memory C．youth D．reality
71．A．undertake B．land C．quit D．continue
72．A．features B．demands C．challenges D．bonuses
73．A．training B．requiring C．affecting D．disturbing
74．A．hopeless B．primary C．complex D．urgent
75．A．fortune B．pleasure C．company D．support
6.（2023高三·辽宁鞍山·阶段练习）
We are often told that we should not give up, and that all the most successful people have persistence. Usually, people who do not 76 persistence are called lazy. But laziness is not the 77 problem. More often, it is doubt and fear that make you 78 and keep you from trying. These gradually 79 your sense of self-worth, which can lead to depression. That is why it is so 80 to push ahead. Failure is a(n) 81 for us to discover what goes wrong. After all, no one 82 their goal easily. For example, it’s constant 83 that makes Stephen Curry one of the greatest basketball players.
Persistence doesn’t mean you should stay in a terrible situation. It’s about 84 . Adversity (逆境) is unavoidable, but it doesn’t mean you should give up. You just need to 85 how you reach it. Alter your plans, choose another method, or find a different 86 .
If you’re 87 , persistence comes naturally. I underwent an amazing amount of 88 when I first started writing. My father opposed it. I received hundreds of rejection letters from publishers. 89 , I stuck to it. Eventually, my persistence paid off. My articles were 90 by an editor, who hired me to write articles. I endured over 10 years before seeing any success. Why It was my love for writing that motivated me after repeated rejection and failure.
76．A．demonstrate B．enjoy C．control D．admit
77．A．special B．usual C．difficult D．only
78．A．regret B．grow C．delete D．hesitate
79．A．shape B．reduce C．raise D．construct
80．A．rough B．thrilling C．essential D．scary
81．A．excuse B．strategy C．opportunity D．measure
82．A．sets B．abandons C．adjusts D．achieves
83．A．practice B．test C．pressure D．passion
84．A．devotion B．reflection C．flexibility D．attention
85．A．accept B．insist C．plan D．change
86．A．goal B．path C．hobby D．reason
87．A．passionate B．curious C．responsible D．smart
88．A．expectation B．criticism C．hardship D．imagination
89．A．Otherwise B．Nevertheless C．Therefore D．Moreover
90．A．appreciated B．rejected C．considered D．published
