专题01 非限制定语从句(考点串讲)
非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。没有它,主句也能独立存在;非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不密切,它与先行词之间常用逗号隔开。需注意的是,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
一、关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句
1.which指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
They have devoted themselves to building the village all the life, which makes them respected.
他们这一辈子都投入到了建设乡村的事业中，这使得他们备受尊敬。
2.who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
In a lift, on a subway or on a bus, we are always surrounded by people, who are like us, focusing on their smart phones.
在电梯、地铁或公交车上，我们总是被人群包围，他们和我们一样，专注于他们的智能手机。
3. whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,一般不能省略。
Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life. 确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千百万中国农民无异。
In reality, people under thirty account for most of the netizens, some of whom are addicted to the Internet.事实上，30岁以下的人占网民总数的大多数，其中一些人对网络上瘾。
4.whose既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作定语,先行词是人时,whose+n.相当于the+n.+of whom。先行词是物时,whose+n.相当于the+n.+of which。
Li Lei, whose father is a teacher, is my deskmate who often helps me with my English.李雷,他的父亲是一名教师,是我的同桌,他经常帮助我学习英语。
I tried a traditional dish in Suzhou last week, whose taste was beyond imagination. 我上周在苏州尝了一道传统菜，味道超乎想象。
5.as既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。
As I suspected, you’re not Jimmy Wells,” he said, impatiently with anger.
“正如我所怀疑的，你不是吉米·韦尔斯，”他愤怒且不耐烦的说道。
as/which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
项目 as which
指代 引导的从句通常指代整个主句的内容 引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容,又可指代主句的一部分
位置 引导的从句可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导的从句不能位于主句之前
意义 正如,正像 这,这一点
It turned out to be sunny the next day, as was expected.
不出所料,第二天天气晴朗。
China has built thousands of modern buildings, many of which are specially designed to serve foreign companies. 中国已经建造了成百上千的现代化大厦，其中许多是专门设计服务于外国企业。
【知识延伸】
as和which引导非限制性定语从句时还有以下方面的不同:
(1)在从句中作定语时,要用which,不用as。
Jenny might come, in which case I’ll ask her. 詹妮可能会来,要是那样的话我就去问她。
(2)当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或含着一个复合宾语时,一般用which而不用as。
She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit.
她和她的家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于他们保持健康。
He admires everyone in his class, which I find quite strange.
他羡慕他班里的每个学生,我认为这太奇怪了。
(3)as引导非限制性定语从句的最大特点是位置灵活;其次,as有以下常见的,而which不具备的“固定表达”:
As is known to all, fish can’t live without water.众所周知,鱼离开水是不能生存的。
(4)在非限制性定语从句中,which后的be动词不可省;而as后的be动词可以省略:
She told me she won the match, which was a piece of good news. 她告诉我她赢了比赛,那是个好消息。
The report, as (was) shown in the figure.正如图中所示,这种材料是有弹性的。
(5)如果主句中叙述的事情与从句所涉及的意向一致,多用as,用以对主句的意义进行补充;如果不一致,就用which:
She has won the first prize in the game again, as was expected.她又在比赛中获得了一等奖,这是意料之中的事。
He cheated in the exam, which was unexpected.他考试作弊,这是出乎意料的。
二、关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句
当先行词指时间或地点,且在定语从句中作状语时,用when,where引导非限制性定语从句,why不引导非限制性定语从句,但可用for which代替。
Our class is planning to cycle to the West Lake to watch the dragon boat race on May 30, when the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated nationwide.
我们班计划5月30号骑自行车去西湖观看龙舟赛，那是全国范围内庆祝端午节。
Last summer, I went to Hangzhou for my holiday, where I stayed for a week.
去年夏天,我去杭州度假,在那里我待了一周。
三、“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句
在“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句中,whom指人,which指物。
We marched through the square, in the middle of which stood a monument.
我们穿过广场,广场中央立着一座纪念碑。
These new neighbors, to whom I was introduced yesterday, have come here from Beijing.
这些新邻居是北京来的,昨天我被介绍同他们认识了。
Tom had told them the reason, for which he did not go on the journey.汤姆告诉了他们他没有去旅行的原因。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1.引导词不同:关系代词that,关系副词why均不可以引导非限制性定语从句。
2.非限制性定语从句与主句关系不很密切,中间用逗号隔开,译成汉语时,通常译成两句话;而限制性定语从句常与主句一起译成一句话。
He has two sons, both of whom are college students.
他有两个儿子,他们都是大学生。
He has a son who is a captain.
他有一个当船长的儿子。
3.非限制性定语从句的引导词无论在从句中作什么成分,均不可省略;而在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词可省略。
The old woman with white hair (who/whom/that) you saw at yesterday’s meeting is a scientist.
你昨天在会上看到的那位白发老太太是一位科学家。
4.在限制性定语从句中,指人时,作宾语的whom可以用who或that代替,但在非限制性定语从句中不可以代替。
Do you know the man (who/whom/that) our English teacher is talking to
你认识我们英语老师正在与其谈话的那个人吗
Do you know Tom,whom she referred to just now
你认识汤姆吗 就是她刚才提到过的。
定语从句解题三步走
第一步：根据是否修饰某一名词，放在该名词之后确定是不是定语从句。
第二步：根据从句中是否缺主语或宾语确定用关系代词还是关系副词。如果从句缺主语或宾语，则用关系代词；如果不缺主语或宾语，则使用关系副词(或者“介词＋which”)
第三步：根据先行词具体所指，确定是哪个关系代词或者关系副词。
1.(2023北京高考) Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, 1 thousands were attending a water conference.
答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
2. (2023 全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 2 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”
答案：as
解析：考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
3. (2023 全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America, 3 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings. her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
I.单句语法填空
1. The fish in the deep ocean are among the strangest creatures in the Earth, many of have yet to be properly studied.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：深海中的鱼是地球上最奇怪的生物之一，其中许多还有待研究。还有待研究。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词creatures，作介词的宾语，指物，应用which。故填which。
2.(23-24高二下·黑龙江大庆·开学考试)Covid-19, the most deadly virus in recent years, began to attack people in 2019, from effect people are still suffering.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：新冠肺炎是近年来最致命的病毒，从2019年开始袭击人们，人们仍在遭受其影响。分析句子可知，此处是“介词+关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是Covid-19，指物，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰effect，应使用whose。故填whose。
3.(23-24高二下·福建福州·开学考试)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, my classmates recommended to me.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：上周我从图书馆借了一本《福尔摩斯探案》，这本书是我的同学推荐给我的。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the book Sherlock Holmes，指代事物，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
4. The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, is often the case in other countries.
【答案】as
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：英国人不像其他国家的人那样熟悉不同的文化和做事的方式。空格处引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语，意为“正如”，应用as引导从句。故填as。
5. “Nicolo,” real name cannot be exposed to the public because of Italy’ s privacy laws, finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：“Nicolo”在都灵的一家工厂工作了一整夜，由于意大利的隐私法，他的真实姓名不能向公众公开。分析句子，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作定语，修饰先行词Nicolo，此处表示所属关系，应该用whose。故填whose。
6. When lost in work, he often is, he may forget all needed to be done.
【答案】as
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：当他沉浸于工作中时，他可能会忘记所有需要做的事情，这种情况经常发生。“_________ he often is”为非限制性定语从句，设空处引导从句，在从句中作系动词is的表语，指代主句所说的情况，用关系代词as，注意：as引导的非限定性定语从句可位于主句之中，which引导的非限定性定语从句则只能位于主句之后，故填as。
7. Mr. Green, is from the US, will teach us English this term.
【答案】who
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：来自美国的格林先生这学期将教我们英语。“________ is from the US”为非限制定语从句，设空处引导从句，指代先行词Mr. Green，在从句中作主语，指人，用关系代词who。故填who。
8. I will never forget May 1st 2021, I was admitted into Peking University.
【答案】when
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记2021年5月1日，我被北京大学录取的那一天。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词May 1st 2021，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，表示“在2021年5月1日”，应使用关系副词when引导该从句。故填when。
9. My brother, his friends all highly praise, is humorous and creative.
【答案】whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我的兄弟幽默又有创造力，他的朋友们都高度赞扬他。“________ his friends all highly praise”为非限制性定语从句，设空处指代先行词My brother在从句中作宾语，先行词My brother指人，设空处填关系代词whom。故填whom。
10.(23-24高二下·山东济宁·开学考试)I came across an old friend from I had parted for many years.
【答案】whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我遇到了一位与我分别多年的老朋友。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，使用“介词+关系代词”结构引导定语从句，先行词为：an old friend，因先行词在定语从句中作宾语指人，使用关系代词whom引导定语从句，故填whom。
11.(23-24高二上·广东揭阳·期末)He had a thick moustache and long white hair, sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他长着浓密的小胡子和长长的白发，有时直立起来，好像刚挨了电击似的。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词hair，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
12.(23-24高二上·新疆喀什·期末)I’ll recommend you to visit Xi’an, there are a great number of places of interest.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我建议你去西安，那里有很多名胜古迹。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Xi’an，关系词在从句作地点状语，故填where。
13.(23-24高二上·福建莆田·期末)During their first day, is typical of Vancouver, it rained.
【答案】as
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在他们的第一天，正如典型的温哥华一样，下雨了。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，意为“正如”，应用as引导从句。故填as。
14.(23-24高二上·黑龙江伊春·期末)Swimming is good for teenagers, some experts say will help them to stimulate their potential and promote their brain development.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：游泳对青少年有好处，一些专家说这将有助于激发他们的潜力，促进他们的大脑发育。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Swimming在从句中作宾语，只能用which引导从句。故填which。
15. There are many new central leaders in China now, of many once worked in the western provinces.
【答案】whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：现在中国有很多新的中央领导，他们中的许多人曾经在西部省份工作过。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词central leaders，指人，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作宾语，应使用关系代词whom构成“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。故填whom。
16. I gave some money to John, house was destroyed in the flood.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我给了约翰一些钱，他的房子在洪水中被毁了。设空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰John；从句中house和先行词John构成所属关系，意思是“他的房子”，所以用关系代词whose来引导。故填whose。
17. Lucy invited many friends to dinner, some of her parents had never met before.
【答案】whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：露西邀请了许多朋友共进晚餐，其中一些是她父母之前从未见过的。此处为“不定代词＋of＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，设空处指代先行词many friends，指人，同时作介词of的宾语，所以应用whom。故填whom。
18. My parents are the most important for me, without support, I wouldn’t have got that far.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我的父母对我来说是最重要的，没有他们的支持，我不会走到现在。在非限制性定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且support和先行词parents构成所属关系，所以应用关系代词whose表示“……的”。故填whose。
19. His interest started a few years ago, he was in college and studying wildlife science.
【答案】when
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他的兴趣始于几年前，当时他还在大学学习野生动物科学。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词a few years ago作补充说明，关系词在从句中表示行为发生的时间，作时间状语，应用关系副词when作引导词。故填when。
20.(23-24高二上·江苏盐城·期末)To the east of the Pacific coast rise the grand Rocky Mountains, are home to high peaks and deep valleys.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：太平洋海岸以东是雄伟的落基山脉，这里有高峰和深谷。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Rocky Mountains，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
21. you could imagine, if the first aid is given in time, the injured would be saved.
【答案】As
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如你所想象的，如果急救及时，伤者就会得救。分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少imagine的宾语，所以使用关系代词，从句位于主句之前，结合句意，此处表示“正如”，所以使用关系代词as，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填As。
22.(23-24高二上·广东东莞·期末)Dongguan has beautiful parks, families can spend quality time together.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：东莞有美丽的公园，家人可以在那里共度美好时光。此处是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词parks，关系词在从句作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。
23.(23-24高二上·广东惠州·期末)In the past four years, local education departments have trained about 40,000 football teachers , 8,000 of have obtained coaching certificates.
【答案】whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：四年来，各地教育部门共培训足球教师约4万名，其中8000人取得教练员证书。此处是介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词football teachers，指人，且关系词在从句中作宾语，故填whom。
24.(23-24高二上·北京西城·期末)Climbing, entered the Olympics three years ago in Tokyo, will also be one of the events in the 2024 Paris Olympics.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：三年前在东京进入奥运会的攀岩项目也将成为2024年巴黎奥运会的项目之一。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Climbing，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。
25.(23-24高二上·北京西城·期末)They carried the pictures upstairs to the art room, the brushes and paint were stored.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们把画带到楼上的美术室，那里存放着画笔和颜料。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the art room，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
26.(23-24高二上·北京西城·期末)The manager, secretary asked for a sick leave, had to do all the typing himself.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：经理的秘书请了病假，他不得不自己打字。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词The manager在从句中作定语，修饰后面的名词secretary，用关系代词whose。故填whose。
27.(23-24高二上·北京朝阳·期末)After the heavy rain, the ground got so wet, caused a lot of road accidents.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：大雨过后，地面变得很湿，造成了很多交通事故。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导，故填which。
28. I was born in Hangzhou, is known as an international city to the world.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我出生在杭州，这是一个世界闻名的国际城市。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为Hangzhou，所以应用关系代词which。故填which。
29. My grandfather, is often the case with old people, is fond of talking about good old days.
【答案】as
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我的祖父像许多老年人一样，喜欢谈论过去的美好时光。分析句子可知，空处缺少关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词表示“我的祖父喜欢谈论过去的美好时光”，表示“正如、像”，放在主句主谓之间，用as。故填as。
30. She brought her three friends to the party, none of I had ever met before.
【答案】whom
【详解】考查“none of+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：她带着她的三个朋友去参加聚会，这三个朋友我之前一个也没见过。设空处无提示词，逗号前面是一个完整的句子，且设空处前面是none of，故推测“none of+设空处”引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是her three friends，指人，且设空处在从句中作of的宾语，应用whom引导。故填whom。
31. Many lessons are now available online, from students can choose for free.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词many lessons，代替先行词作介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which，构成“介词+关系代词(which)”引导的定语从句。故填which。
32. is often the case, students tend to be more enthusiastic about classes in which they can participate and interact.
【答案】As
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：通常情况下，学生往往更热衷于可以参与和互动的课程。as is often the case 是定语从句，as 是引导词，指代后面那个句子所表述的情况。故填as。
33. Out of the corner rushed a cat, frightened the old man back a few steps.
【答案】which
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：从角落里冲出来一只猫，把老人吓退了几步。此处cat作先行词，指物，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，定语从句由关系代词which引导。故填which。
34. The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
【答案】as
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：据报道，吸烟者的数量在短短一年内就下降了17%。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，引导词在从句中作主语，意为“正如”，应用关系代词as引导。故填as。
35. Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, ______ you can hear some lovely music.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你可以听到美妙的音乐。分析句子，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，缺少地点状语，修饰先行词church。故填where。
36. In their class there are altogether 54 students, half of wear glasses.
【答案】whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们班共有54名学生，其中一半戴眼镜。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是students，介词后指代人用宾格whom。故填whom。
37. Kate, sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Kate已经去澳大利亚工作了，她的妹妹在我们上大学时和我同住一个房间。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Kate，应用关系代词whose引导从句，在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词sister。故填whose。
38. I’m sorry not to have replied to your letter earlier, for , I must say, I apologize.
【答案】which
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。句意：我很抱歉没有早点给你回信，对此，我必须说，我道歉。此句包含有一个非限制性定语从句，从句中I must say为插入语，前半句提及的not to have replied to your letter earlier，是先行词，作for的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
39. The other day I met Bob in the forest, family moved here last month.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：前几天我在森林里遇到了鲍勃，他们一家上个月搬到了这里。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Bob，先行词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
40. He was beaten by an unknown team from a remote school, was unexpected.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他被一个来自偏远学校的无名队伍打败，这是出人意料的。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为上文整个句子，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
41. There are lots of foreigners at the meeting, most of are Americans.
【答案】whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：会议上有许多外国人，其中大多数是美国人。分析句子可知，此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词foreigners，作介词的宾语，指人应用whom。故填whom。
42. China, is reported, has played an important role in dealing with international affairs.
【答案】as
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：据报道，中国在处理国际事务中发挥了重要作用。表示“据报道”句型为as is reported，as引导非限制性定语从句。故填as。
43. We found a parking space next to our hut, was round and made from brick.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们在我们圆形的，用砖做成的小屋旁边找到了一个停车位。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词hut是物，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。
44. He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of were published in the 1990s.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他写了许多儿童读物，其中近一半是在20世纪90年代出版的。分析句子，逗号后是“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词children’s books，先行词指物，关系词用于介词of之后，应用which。故填which。
45. We were all very grateful to John, help contributed greatly to our success.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们都很感谢约翰，他的帮助对我们的成功贡献很大。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句；先行词是John，指人，关系词在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系，意为“……的”，所以空处需用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故填whose。
46.(19-20高一·全国·课后作业)Dr. Rowan, secretary resigned (辞职) two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职，他不得不自己打字。分析句子可知，Dr. Rowan为先行词，作定语从句的定语，与secretary构成所属关系，故关系代词为whose。故填whose。
47. Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, is quite unexpected.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：到现在为止，我们已经为贫穷的孩子募捐到五万英镑了，这一点十分出乎意料。分析可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代前面主句的内容，并在从句中做主语，所以用which引导。故填which。
48. is known to us all,the earth goes around the sun.
【答案】As
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：正如我们大家都知道的，地球绕着太阳转。非限制性定语从句缺少主语，修饰后面一整个句子，且表示“正如”，应用关系代词as。故填As。
49. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of recovered.
【答案】whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：后来，这种药在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大多数患者都康复了。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词patients，且作介词of的宾语，指人，应用关系代词whom。故填whom。
50. The movie Pompeii came out this February, many people think brings a touching love story to the audience.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意为：电影《庞贝末日》在今年二月上映，许多人认为它为观众带来了一个令人感动的爱情故事。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the movie Pompeii，many people think为插入语，引导词在从句中作主语，故填which。
II.完成句子
1. He had a big quarrel with his boss, (这使得他被解雇了).
【答案】which got him dismissed
【详解】考查定语从句、动词时态。句意：他和老板大吵了一架，结果被解雇了。分析句子结构可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，修饰主句，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。表示“使得他被解雇”用get him dismissed。根据语境和had可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，故从句谓语用got。故填which got him dismissed。
2. (你可以想象得到), every life is allowed to have freedom and dignity in this country.
【答案】As you can imagine
【详解】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，“想象”为“imagine”，“你可以想象得到”的内容在逗号后面，这符合as引导非限定性定语从句时，用以指代整个句子的内容，从句可放在主句之前或主句之后，也可放在句中，则表示“你可以想象得到”为“as you can imagine”，空格位于句首，故填As you can imagine。
3. The size of the audience, (正如所料), was well over one thousand.
【答案】as expected/as was expected
【详解】考查定语从句、动词语态、状语从句的省略。句意：正如预期的那样，观众人数远远超过1000人。根据语境和was可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时。分析句子结构可知，本空为非限制性定语从句，修饰主句，关系词代替主句在从句中作主语，应用关系代词as引导，且与expect“预期”为被动关系，从句用一般过去时的被动语态。故填as was expected。也可以理解为空处为方式状语从句。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。故as引导的方式状语从句省略了主语it和be动词was，it与expect“预期”为被动关系，故结合句意可推断as引导的方式状语从句用一般过去时的被动语态，故expect用过去分词形式。故填as expected或as was expected。
4. Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground, (其中有一种令人惊叹的乐器) called the didgeridoo.
【答案】among which there is an amazing instrument
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们的大多数乐器实际上只是在地上发现的棍子，其中有一种令人惊叹的乐器叫didgeridoo。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句，表示“其中”应用介词among，作介词宾语，指物，应用which；表示“存在有”应用there be句型；表示“一种令人惊叹的乐器”翻译为an amazing instrument，根据上文are可知为一般现在时。故填among which there is an amazing instrument。
5. (通常就是这样), she rarely takes part in activities.
【答案】As is often the case
【详解】考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：她很少参加活动是常有的事情。表示“通常就是这样”应用as is often the case，as引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句的内容，根据句意和下文的takes可知，用一遍现在时。故填As is often the case。
6. The number of smokers， (正如报道的那样)，has decreased by 17 percent in just one year.
【答案】as is reported
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：据报道，吸烟者的人数在短短一年内就减少了17%。分析句子可知，设空处为非限制性定语从句，用as引导，指代整个句子，根据汉语提示，故填as is reported。
7.(23-24高二上·河北唐山·期末)通常情况下, 成功会带来幸福感。
Success, is often the case, leads to happiness
【答案】as
【详解】考查定语从句。分析句子结构以及句意可知，空处需要关系代词as，引导非限定性定语从句，代替整个主句，在定语从句中作主语。as引导非限定性定语从句时，定语从句的位置可以放到句首，也可以放到句中或句尾，意为“正如，正像”。故填as。
8.(23-24高二上·福建福州·期末)Indeed, his slim strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to he had devoted his life.
确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯 ，与其为之奉献毕生的千千万万的中国农民无异。
【答案】but; whom
【详解】考查连词和定语从句。“但”为连词but，第二空是介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Chinese farmers，指人，且关系词在从句中作介词to的宾语，应用whom，故填①but②whom。
9. 这个小女孩最终被发现藏在门后，从那里她能听到她父母说的话。
The little girl was finally found hidden behind the door, .
【答案】from where she could hear what her parents said
【详解】考查定语从句、动词时态和宾语从句。先行词是介词短语behind the door，from where相当于from behind the door，定语从句中she是主语，谓语是“能听到”，根据was 可知，描述过去的事情用一般过去时，表示为could hear，动词后是宾语从句，what引导宾语从句作动词said的宾语。故答案为from where she could hear what her parents said。
10. 他的头很快就在第二层的某个窗户伸出来，在那里除了树他什么也看不见。(from where)
His head soon appeared out of one of the second storey windows, .
【答案】from where he could see nothing but trees
【详解】考查定语从句、情态动词、名词。分析句子结构可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词是the second storey windows，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。“从第二层的某个窗户看”，所以where前加from。在定语从句中：表示“他”用he，作主语。表示“什么也看不见”用could see nothing，其中could为情态动词，表示“能”，后接动词原形形式see；表示“除了”用but。表示“树”用tree，结合句意可知，树不止一棵，应用名词复数形式表示泛指。故填from where he could see nothing but trees。
11. 她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。(定语从句)
She and her family bicycle to work, .
【答案】which helps them keep fit
【详解】考查定语从句及主谓一致。根据句意及所给句子可知，句子描述目前事实，应用一般现在时；空前是主句，此处引导非限定性定语从句，关系词指代主句陈述的内容，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导；“有助于她们保持健康”译为help them keep fit，关系代词指代主句内容，视为第三人称单数，从句谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填which helps them keep fit。
12. 可追溯到明朝的这座寺庙已经成了这个地方的一个著名景点。
The temple, , has become a well -known place in this area.
【答案】dating back to/which dates back to the Ming Dynasty
【详解】考查现在分词或定语从句。分析句子可知，空处应作定语修饰前面名词The temple，“追溯到”译为date back to，“明朝”译为the Ming Dynasty，date与句子主语The temple构成主动关系，故可用现在分词作后置定语修饰The temple，也可用定语从句的形式，根据has become可知，从句中应用一般现在时，先行词The temple在定语从句中作主语，前面有逗号，用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，从句中谓语date用第三人称单数形式dates。故填dating back to/which dates back to the Ming Dynasty。
13. 以往，漓江的水质因游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏，很多游客经常将垃圾扔入江中。
Previously, water quality in the Li River suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, .
【答案】many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river
【详解】考查名词，动词和定语从句。根据汉语翻译可知，空处需填“很多游客经常将垃圾扔入江中”的英语表达，用代词＋of which/whom引导的非限制性定语从句表示，“很多游客”表示为“many of tourists”，“将垃圾扔入江中”表示为throw garbage into the river，根据“Previously”可知，描述过去的事情用一般过去时，“经常”用副词frequently作状语，故单独的完整句子应为many of tourists frequently threw garbage into the river，因主句已有“tourists”，指人，故定语从句中用关系代词whom指代“tourists”，作介词of的宾语。故填many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river。
14. 我们到达了那家修建于1999年的工厂。
We arrived at the factory, .
【答案】which was built in 1999
【详解】考查定语从句。“修建”使用动词build，“于1999年”译为介词短语in 1999，分析句子可知，空处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是factory，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导，先行词factory和动词build之间是被动关系，且此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，故填which was built in 1999。
15. 课外活动可以给我们快乐，帮助我们放松自己，其中打篮球是我的最爱。
After class activities can give us amusement and help us to relax ourselves, .
【答案】among which playing basketball is my favourite
【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意可知，空处应用定语从句，修饰先行词Afterclass activities，表示“其中”应用介词among，在非限制性定语从句中缺少介词among后的宾语，且先行词Afterclass activities表示物，所以应用关系代词which。从句主语“打篮球”应用动词短语play basketball，此处作主语应用动名词形式，根据句中can可知，句子描述现在的一般事实，应用一般现在时，动名词作主语，系动词应用is，表语“我的最爱”应用my favourite。故填among which playing basketball is my favourite。
16. 我积极参加了英语讲座，了解到了英国和美国的文化。
I have actively attended English lectures, .
【答案】from which I have a good knowledge of British and American culture
【详解】考查定语从句、动词时态和短语。表示 从中用介词from，先行词是lectures，在定语从句中作介词from的宾语，“了解”是have a good knowledge of，定语从句中主语是I，描述现在，谓语是一般现在时，“英国和美国文化”表示为British and American culture，作宾语，故填from which I have a good knowledge of British and American culture。
17. 他在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖，这使他的脸上露出了灿烂的笑容。
He won first prize in the English speech contest, .
【答案】which made a bright smile spread across his face
【详解】考查定语从句、动词时态和短语。指代前面一件事，后面可以用which引导非限制性定语从句，根据提示可知, 描述过去的事情用一般过去时，此处应用“make +宾语+动词原形”结构,意为“使做某事”,“他的脸上露出了灿烂的笑容”是a bright smile spread across his face，故填which made a bright smile spread across his face。
18. 众所周知，庆祝国家节日是为了激发人们赏鉴传统文化的兴趣。(非限制性定语从句)
, the purpose of celebrating a national festival is appreciating traditional culture.
【答案】As is known to all; to stimulate people’s interest in
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句和不定式。对比中英文句子可知，第一空意为“众所周知”，第二空意为“激发人们……的兴趣”，“众所周知”是as is known to all，是as引导的非限制性定语从句，位于句首的单词首字母要大写；“激发”是stimulate，用不定式作表语，“人们……的兴趣”是people’s interest in，因此第二空是to stimulate people’s interest in；故填As is known to all，to stimulate people’s interest in。
19. 常言道，只工作不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻。(as引导定语从句)
, all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
【答案】As the old saying goes
【详解】考查固定句型和定语从句。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“常言道”，是固定句型as the old saying goes，是as引导的非限制性定语从句，故填As the old saying goes。
20. 闭上眼睛，想象未来，你梦想成真的地方。
Close your eyes and picture the future, .
【答案】where you’ve made your dreams come true
【详解】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the future；结合句意，表示“梦想成真”为make one’s dream come true，主语是“你”，且此事已经发生，并对现在造成影响，故用现在完成时态；从句中不缺主、宾、表和定语，故应用关系副词where引导作地点状语。故填where you’ve made your dreams come true。
21. 正如你能想象的那样，如果你的皮肤被烧伤了，情况会非常严重。
, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.
【答案】As you can imagine
【详解】考查定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”应用as；表示“你能想象的那样”翻译为you can imagine。故填As you can imagine。
22. 正如上文所提到的,高中学生的人数在增加。(as)
,the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.
【答案】As is mentioned above
【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意可知，表示“正如上文所提到的”可用非限制性定语从句as is mentioned above，且位于句首的单词首字母应该大写。故答案为As is mentioned above。
III. 句型转换
1. 合并为含有定语从句的句子。
Once we arrive in Shanghai, we will live in a hotel. We have reserved the hotel online in advance.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Once we arrive in Shanghai, we will live in a hotel, which we have reserved in advance.
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：一到上海，我们就住在宾馆里。我们已经提前在网上预订了酒店。由句意知We have reserved the hotel online in advance.是对前一句中的名词hotel进行了补充说明，所以可以将hotel当做先行词，用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作宾。故答案为Once we arrive in Shanghai, we will live in a hotel, which we have reserved in advance。
2. You might often see overweight boys and girls. This means that young people’s weight has become a big problem. (用合适的连词合并成一句)
→
【答案】You might often see overweight boys and girls, which means that young people’s weight has become a big problem.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你可能经常看到超重的男孩和女孩。这意味着年轻人的体重已经成为一个大问题。第二句中的This指代的是第一句的内容，合并时可用which引导非限制性定语从句，“means that young people’s weight has become a big problem”是定语从句的内容，其余部分不变。故答案为You might often see overweight boys and girls, which means that young people’s weight has become a big problem.
3. China’s first self-designed modern bridge reopened to the road traffic. We Chinese were so proud of it when it was built 50 years ago.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】China’s first self-designed modern bridge reopened to the road traffic, of which we Chinese were so proud when it was built 50 years ago.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国第一座自行设计的现代桥梁重新通车。50年前，当它建成时，我们中国人非常自豪。分析句子，原句可以转换为介词+关系代词的结构，引导非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词bridge，为物，故使用引导词which，同时将of which提前。故翻译为China’s first self-designed modern bridge reopened to the road traffic, of which we Chinese were so proud when it was built 50 years ago.
4. In the distance there is a hill. On the top of it stands a white temple. (句型转换)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】In the distance there is a hill, on the top of which stands a white temple.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：远处有一座小山。山顶上矗立着一座白色的寺庙。根据题干要求，进行句型转换，原句可以转换为介词+关系代词引导定语从句的结构，修饰先行词hill，为物，引导词用which。故答案为In the distance there is a hill, on the top of which stands a white temple.
5. There are two buildings. The larger of them stands nearly a hundred feet high. (句型转换)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】There are two buildings, the larger of which stands nearly a hundred feet high.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有两栋楼。其中较大的一座有近百英尺高。分析句子，原句可转换为介词+关系代词结构，引导的非限制性定语从句，引导词指代前文的buildings为物，应该用which，故使用the larger of which...。故答案为There are two buildings, the larger of which stands nearly a hundred feet high.
6. I have read many classic literary works. They broaden my horizons and improve my writing skills.(合并为含有定语从句的句子)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I have read many classic literary works, which broaden my horizons and improve my writing skills.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我读过许多经典的文学作品，这些作品开阔了我的视野，提高了我的写作技巧。分析句子结构，原句中第二句的They指代第一句中的many classic literary works，指物，且作主语，因此这里可将第二句改为which引导的非限制性定语从句，主句不变。故答案为：I have read many classic literary works, which broaden my horizons and improve my writing skills.
7. 用定语从句合并
There will be 20 competitors to recite 40 poems in the competition.
The competition of course can broaden our horizon and enrich our knowledge.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】There will be 20 competitors to recite 40 poems in the competition, which of course can broaden our horizon and enrich our knowledge.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：比赛将有20位选手朗诵40首诗歌，这当然可以开阔我们的视野，丰富我们的知识。可将原句中的第一句作为主句，其中的the competition作先行词，指物，第二句转变为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，对先行词作补充说明。故答案为：There will be 20 competitors to recite 40 poems in the competition, which of course can broaden our horizon and enrich our knowledge.
8. The firefighters managed to save a girl. She was stuck in the big fire.
→The firefighters managed to save a girl, . (非限制性定语从句)
→The firefighters managed to . (分词作定语)
【答案】who was stuck in the big fire; save a girl stuck in the big fire
【详解】考查定语从句和非谓语动词。句意：消防队员设法救出了一个被困在大火中的女孩。根据提示可知，此处应转换为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，分析原句可知，两个句子共有的词为“a girl”，所以先行词为a girl，关系词在从句中应作主语，所以使用关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句，谓语动词及其它不变，所以第一空应为who was stuck in the big fire；第二空应改写为分词作定语，分析句子结构可知，不定式后应与原句内容一致，即save a girl，根据原句的第二句子可知，a girl与stuck之间为被动关系，所以此处应使用过去分词形式作定语，所以省去原句中的she和was，保留stuck in the big fire置于a girl之后作后置定语，所以第二空应为save a girl stuck in the big fire。故填①who was stuck in the big fire；②save a girl stuck in the big fire。
9. 用定语从句合并
Moreover, the sea is abundant in a variety of resources.
This enables us to solve the problem of energy shortages.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Moreover, the sea is abundant in a variety of resources, which enables us to solve the problem of energy shortages.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：此外，海洋拥有丰富的各种资源。这使我们能够解决能源短缺的问题。分析句意可知，第二个句子中的this指代第一句的句子内容，所以可以将第一个句子用作主句，第二个句子用作定语从句，且将第二句的主语this变成关系代词which，其余不变。故答案为Moreover, the sea is abundant in a variety of resources, which enables us to solve the problem of energy shortages.
10.(People don’t have enough time to attend to the old at home, and it has become a prominent problem.(改为含有非限制性定语从句的句子)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】People don’t have enough time to attend to the old at home,which has become a prominent problem.
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：人们没有足够的时间照顾家里的老人，这已经成为一个突出的问题。and后的句中，it指代的是and前的句子所描述的事情，因此改为含有非限制性定语从句的句子时，用and前的句子作主句，用which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整个主句的内容，因此句子改为“People don’t have enough time to attend to the old at home, which has become a prominent problem”。故答案为People don’t have enough time to attend to the old at home, which has become a prominent problem.
11. ①Nowadays, a nature domain located in Sichuan Province has been set up.
②Pandas can enjoy their life happily there.
→ (合并成含有where引导的非限制性定语从句的主从复合句)
【答案】Nowadays, a nature domain located in Sichuan Province has been set up, where pandas can enjoy their life happily.
【详解】考查定语从句。根据要求把原句两个小分句Nowadays, a nature domain located in Sichuan Province has been set up.和Pandas can enjoy their life happily there.合并成含有where引导的非限制性定语从句的主从复合句，分析句子结构和意思可知，第二个小分句的there指代的是第一个小分句中的a nature domain，所以第二个小分句是定语从句，第一个小分句是主句，先行词就是a nature domain，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故答案为Nowadays, a nature domain located in Sichuan Province has been set up, where pandas can enjoy their life happily.
12. ①The panda is of an iconic animal in China.
②The panda has a black and white coat.
→ (合并成含有which引导的非限制性定语从句的主从复合句)
【答案】The panda is an iconic animal of China, which has a black and white coat.
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：熊猫是中国的标志性动物，它有黑白相间的皮毛。两句话合并为定语从句时，The panda is of an iconic animal in China是主句，The panda has a black and white coat是从句，将The panda作为先行词，which指代先行词在从句中作主语，因此句子合并为The panda is an iconic animal of China, which has a black and white coat。故答案为The panda is an iconic animal of China, which has a black and white coat.
13. ①Most of the students will turn to their classmates or friends for help when in trouble.
②They’re almost of the same age, so they can talk with and understand each other easily.
→________________________________________________________________________(用定语从句合并句)
【答案】Most of the students will turn to their classmates or friends for help when in trouble, who are almost of the same age so they can talk with and understand each other easily.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：大多数学生在遇到困难时会向他们的同学或朋友求助，他们的年龄几乎相同，所以他们可以很容易地相互交谈和理解。句②中的they指代上文their classmates or friends，因此可将句②处理为非限制性定语从句；代替先行词classmates or friends在从句作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句，句子其他部分保持不变。故改为Most of the students will turn to their classmates or friends for help when in trouble, who are almost of the same age so they can talk with and understand each other easily.
14. 用定语从句合并
And there are sixty students in my class. They are all hardworking.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】And there are sixty students in my class, who are all hardworking.
【详解】考查句型转换。根据所给英文句子以及题干要求，需把原句改为非限制性定语从句，所以“And there are sixty students in my class”作主句，sixty students作先行词，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who作引导词。故改为：And there are sixty students in my class, who are all hard working.
15. 用定语从句合并
My favorite teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms.Wang. Ms.Wang’s way of teaching is nothing like that of my previous teachers.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】My favorite teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms.Wang, whose way of teaching is nothing like that of my previous teachers.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我最喜欢的老师是一位非常热情的女士，叫王老师。王老师的教学方式和我以前的老师完全不同。分析原来两个分句可知，第一分句中的专有名词Ms.Wang与第二个分句中作定语的Ms.Wang是同一对象，可将第二分句处理为非限制性定语从句，修饰第一分句中Ms.Wang，视为先行词，并用关系代词whose将其代入定语从句中充当定语。故改写为：My favorite teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms.Wang, whose way of teaching is nothing like that of my previous teachers.
16. 用介词提前了的定语从句合并
I think maybe it is because of her own personality.
Everyone respects her for her personality.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I think maybe it is because of her own personality, for which everyone respects her.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我想也许是因为她自己的个性，每个人都尊重她。原句是两个简单句，都含有名词personality，可改写为“介词+关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是personality，介词使用for，关系词在从句中作介词for的宾语，应用关系代词which，故答案为I think maybe it is because of her own personality, for which everyone respects her.
17.(用过去分词作定语和非限制性定语从句合并下列句子
① Will everybody please bring along a small gift for this purpose
② Remember to wrap it up, sign your name and write a few words of goodwishes. __________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Will everybody please bring along a small gift wrapped up for this purpose, on which your name should be signed and a few words of good wishes can be written
【详解】考查过去分词和非限制性定语从句。句意：每个人都会带上一份包装好的小礼物，上面签上你的名字，并写上几句美好的祝愿吗？根据题目要求，wrapped up与gift在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语表被动，翻译为“被包装好的小礼物”。on which是介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是gift,在定语从句中做sign on和write on的宾语。故答案为Will everybody please bring along a small gift wrapped up for this purpose, on which your name should be signed and a few words of good wishes can be written
18. My father works in the post office. He likes listening to classical music. (改写成含非限制性定语从句的复合句)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】My father, who likes listening to classical music, works in the post office.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我的父亲在邮局工作，他喜欢听古典音乐。原句是两个简单句，可将第二个句子改写为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词father，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导，故答案为My father, who likes listening to classical music, works in the post office.
19. He spent 18 years cycling along the streets and earned nearly 350,000 yuan. All of it was donated to many schools.(现在分词短语做状语及非限制性定语从句)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】He spent 18 years cycling along the streets, earning nearly 350,000 yuan, all of which was donated to many schools.
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他花了18年时间沿街骑行，赚了近35万元，这些钱都捐给了许多学校。第二句中“it”指代上文的“350,000 yuan”，故可以将其转变成which引导的定语从句，故答案为He spent 18 years cycling along the streets, earning nearly 350,000 yuan, all of which was donated to many schools.专题01 非限制定语从句(考点串讲)
非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。没有它,主句也能独立存在;非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不密切,它与先行词之间常用逗号隔开。需注意的是,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
一、关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句
1.which指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
They have devoted themselves to building the village all the life, which makes them respected.
他们这一辈子都投入到了建设乡村的事业中，这使得他们备受尊敬。
2.who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
In a lift, on a subway or on a bus, we are always surrounded by people, who are like us, focusing on their smart phones.
在电梯、地铁或公交车上，我们总是被人群包围，他们和我们一样，专注于他们的智能手机。
3. whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,一般不能省略。
Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life. 确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千百万中国农民无异。
In reality, people under thirty account for most of the netizens, some of whom are addicted to the Internet.事实上，30岁以下的人占网民总数的大多数，其中一些人对网络上瘾。
4.whose既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作定语,先行词是人时,whose+n.相当于the+n.+of whom。先行词是物时,whose+n.相当于the+n.+of which。
Li Lei, whose father is a teacher, is my deskmate who often helps me with my English.李雷,他的父亲是一名教师,是我的同桌,他经常帮助我学习英语。
I tried a traditional dish in Suzhou last week, whose taste was beyond imagination. 我上周在苏州尝了一道传统菜，味道超乎想象。
5.as既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。
“As I suspected, you’re not Jimmy Wells,” he said, impatiently with anger.
“正如我所怀疑的，你不是吉米·韦尔斯，”他愤怒且不耐烦的说道。
as/which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
项目 as which
指代 引导的从句通常指代整个主句的内容 引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容,又可指代主句的一部分
位置 引导的从句可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导的从句不能位于主句之前
意义 正如,正像 这,这一点
It turned out to be sunny the next day, as was expected.
不出所料,第二天天气晴朗。
China has built thousands of modern buildings, many of which are specially designed to serve foreign companies. 中国已经建造了成百上千的现代化大厦，其中许多是专门设计服务于外国企业。
【知识延伸】
as和which引导非限制性定语从句时还有以下方面的不同:
(1)在从句中作定语时,要用which,不用as。
Jenny might come, in which case I’ll ask her. 詹妮可能会来,要是那样的话我就去问她。
(2)当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或含着一个复合宾语时,一般用which而不用as。
She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit.
她和她的家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于他们保持健康。
He admires everyone in his class, which I find quite strange.
他羡慕他班里的每个学生,我认为这太奇怪了。
(3)as引导非限制性定语从句的最大特点是位置灵活;其次,as有以下常见的,而which不具备的“固定表达”:
As is known to all, fish can’t live without water.众所周知,鱼离开水是不能生存的。
(4)在非限制性定语从句中,which后的be动词不可省;而as后的be动词可以省略:
She told me she won the match, which was a piece of good news. 她告诉我她赢了比赛,那是个好消息。
The report, as (was) shown in the figure.正如图中所示,这种材料是有弹性的。
(5)如果主句中叙述的事情与从句所涉及的意向一致,多用as,用以对主句的意义进行补充;如果不一致,就用which:
She has won the first prize in the game again, as was expected.她又在比赛中获得了一等奖,这是意料之中的事。
He cheated in the exam, which was unexpected.他考试作弊,这是出乎意料的。
二、关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句
当先行词指时间或地点,且在定语从句中作状语时,用when,where引导非限制性定语从句,why不引导非限制性定语从句,但可用for which代替。
Our class is planning to cycle to the West Lake to watch the dragon boat race on May 30, when the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated nationwide.
我们班计划5月30号骑自行车去西湖观看龙舟赛，那是全国范围内庆祝端午节。
Last summer, I went to Hangzhou for my holiday, where I stayed for a week.
去年夏天,我去杭州度假,在那里我待了一周。
三、“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句
在“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句中,whom指人,which指物。
We marched through the square, in the middle of which stood a monument.
我们穿过广场,广场中央立着一座纪念碑。
These new neighbors, to whom I was introduced yesterday, have come here from Beijing.
这些新邻居是北京来的,昨天我被介绍同他们认识了。
Tom had told them the reason, for which he did not go on the journey.汤姆告诉了他们他没有去旅行的原因。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1.引导词不同:关系代词that,关系副词why均不可以引导非限制性定语从句。
2.非限制性定语从句与主句关系不很密切,中间用逗号隔开,译成汉语时,通常译成两句话;而限制性定语从句常与主句一起译成一句话。
He has two sons, both of whom are college students.
他有两个儿子,他们都是大学生。
He has a son who is a captain.
他有一个当船长的儿子。
3.非限制性定语从句的引导词无论在从句中作什么成分,均不可省略;而在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词可省略。
The old woman with white hair (who/whom/that) you saw at yesterday’s meeting is a scientist.
你昨天在会上看到的那位白发老太太是一位科学家。
4.在限制性定语从句中,指人时,作宾语的whom可以用who或that代替,但在非限制性定语从句中不可以代替。
Do you know the man (who/whom/that) our English teacher is talking to
你认识我们英语老师正在与其谈话的那个人吗
Do you know Tom,whom she referred to just now
你认识汤姆吗 就是她刚才提到过的。
定语从句解题三步走
第一步：根据是否修饰某一名词，放在该名词之后确定是不是定语从句。
第二步：根据从句中是否缺主语或宾语确定用关系代词还是关系副词。如果从句缺主语或宾语，则用关系代词；如果不缺主语或宾语，则使用关系副词(或者“介词＋which”)
第三步：根据先行词具体所指，确定是哪个关系代词或者关系副词。
1.(2023北京高考) Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, 1 thousands were attending a water conference.
答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
2. (2023 全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 2 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”
答案：as
解析：考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
3. (2023 全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America, 3 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings. her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
I.单句语法填空
1. The fish in the deep ocean are among the strangest creatures in the Earth, many of have yet to be properly studied.
2.(23-24高二下·黑龙江大庆·开学考试)Covid-19, the most deadly virus in recent years, began to attack people in 2019, from effect people are still suffering.
3.(23-24高二下·福建福州·开学考试)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, my classmates recommended to me.
4. The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, is often the case in other countries.
5. “Nicolo,” real name cannot be exposed to the public because of Italy’ s privacy laws, finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin.
6. When lost in work, he often is, he may forget all needed to be done.
7. Mr. Green, is from the US, will teach us English this term.
8. I will never forget May 1st 2021, I was admitted into Peking University.
9. My brother, his friends all highly praise, is humorous and creative.
10.(23-24高二下·山东济宁·开学考试)I came across an old friend from I had parted for many years.
11.(23-24高二上·广东揭阳·期末)He had a thick moustache and long white hair, sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.
12.(23-24高二上·新疆喀什·期末)I’ll recommend you to visit Xi’an, there are a great number of places of interest.
13.(23-24高二上·福建莆田·期末)During their first day, is typical of Vancouver, it rained.
14.(23-24高二上·黑龙江伊春·期末)Swimming is good for teenagers, some experts say will help them to stimulate their potential and promote their brain development.
15. There are many new central leaders in China now, of many once worked in the western provinces.
16. I gave some money to John, house was destroyed in the flood.
17. Lucy invited many friends to dinner, some of her parents had never met before.
18. My parents are the most important for me, without support, I wouldn’t have got that far.
19. His interest started a few years ago, he was in college and studying wildlife science.
20.(23-24高二上·江苏盐城·期末)To the east of the Pacific coast rise the grand Rocky Mountains, are home to high peaks and deep valleys.
21. you could imagine, if the first aid is given in time, the injured would be saved.
22.(23-24高二上·广东东莞·期末)Dongguan has beautiful parks, families can spend quality time together.
23.(23-24高二上·广东惠州·期末)In the past four years, local education departments have trained about 40,000 football teachers , 8,000 of have obtained coaching certificates.
24.(23-24高二上·北京西城·期末)Climbing, entered the Olympics three years ago in Tokyo, will also be one of the events in the 2024 Paris Olympics.
25.(23-24高二上·北京西城·期末)They carried the pictures upstairs to the art room, the brushes and paint were stored.
26.(23-24高二上·北京西城·期末)The manager, secretary asked for a sick leave, had to do all the typing himself.
27.(23-24高二上·北京朝阳·期末)After the heavy rain, the ground got so wet, caused a lot of road accidents.
28. I was born in Hangzhou, is known as an international city to the world.
29. My grandfather, is often the case with old people, is fond of talking about good old days.
30. She brought her three friends to the party, none of I had ever met before.
31. Many lessons are now available online, from students can choose for free.
32. is often the case, students tend to be more enthusiastic about classes in which they can participate and interact.
33. Out of the corner rushed a cat, frightened the old man back a few steps.
34. The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
35. Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, ______ you can hear some lovely music.
36. In their class there are altogether 54 students, half of wear glasses.
37. Kate, sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
38. I’m sorry not to have replied to your letter earlier, for , I must say, I apologize.
39. The other day I met Bob in the forest, family moved here last month.
40. He was beaten by an unknown team from a remote school, was unexpected.
41. There are lots of foreigners at the meeting, most of are Americans.
42. China, is reported, has played an important role in dealing with international affairs.
43. We found a parking space next to our hut, was round and made from brick.
44. He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of were published in the 1990s.
45. We were all very grateful to John, help contributed greatly to our success.
46.(19-20高一·全国·课后作业)Dr. Rowan, secretary resigned (辞职) two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
47. Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, is quite unexpected.
48. is known to us all,the earth goes around the sun.
49. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of recovered.
50. The movie Pompeii came out this February, many people think brings a touching love story to the audience.
II.完成句子
1. He had a big quarrel with his boss, (这使得他被解雇了).
2. (你可以想象得到), every life is allowed to have freedom and dignity in this country.
3. The size of the audience, (正如所料), was well over one thousand.
4. Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground, (其中有一种令人惊叹的乐器) called the didgeridoo.
5. (通常就是这样), she rarely takes part in activities.
6. The number of smokers， (正如报道的那样)，has decreased by 17 percent in just one year.
7.(23-24高二上·河北唐山·期末)通常情况下, 成功会带来幸福感。
Success, is often the case, leads to happiness
8.(23-24高二上·福建福州·期末)Indeed, his slim strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to he had devoted his life.
确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯 ，与其为之奉献毕生的千千万万的中国农民无异。
9. 这个小女孩最终被发现藏在门后，从那里她能听到她父母说的话。
The little girl was finally found hidden behind the door, .
10. 他的头很快就在第二层的某个窗户伸出来，在那里除了树他什么也看不见。(from where)
His head soon appeared out of one of the second storey windows, .
11. 她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。(定语从句)
She and her family bicycle to work, .
12. 可追溯到明朝的这座寺庙已经成了这个地方的一个著名景点。
The temple, , has become a well -known place in this area.
13. 以往，漓江的水质因游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏，很多游客经常将垃圾扔入江中。
Previously, water quality in the Li River suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, .
14. 我们到达了那家修建于1999年的工厂。
We arrived at the factory, .
15. 课外活动可以给我们快乐，帮助我们放松自己，其中打篮球是我的最爱。
After class activities can give us amusement and help us to relax ourselves, .
16. 我积极参加了英语讲座，了解到了英国和美国的文化。
I have actively attended English lectures, .
17. 他在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖，这使他的脸上露出了灿烂的笑容。
He won first prize in the English speech contest, .
18. 众所周知，庆祝国家节日是为了激发人们赏鉴传统文化的兴趣。(非限制性定语从句)
, the purpose of celebrating a national festival is appreciating traditional culture.
19. 常言道，只工作不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻。(as引导定语从句)
, all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
20. 闭上眼睛，想象未来，你梦想成真的地方。
Close your eyes and picture the future, .
21. 正如你能想象的那样，如果你的皮肤被烧伤了，情况会非常严重。
, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.
22. 正如上文所提到的,高中学生的人数在增加。(as)
,the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.
III. 句型转换
1. 合并为含有定语从句的句子。
Once we arrive in Shanghai, we will live in a hotel. We have reserved the hotel online in advance.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. You might often see overweight boys and girls. This means that young people’s weight has become a big problem. (用合适的连词合并成一句)
→
3. China’s first self-designed modern bridge reopened to the road traffic. We Chinese were so proud of it when it was built 50 years ago.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. In the distance there is a hill. On the top of it stands a white temple. (句型转换)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. There are two buildings. The larger of them stands nearly a hundred feet high. (句型转换)
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6. I have read many classic literary works. They broaden my horizons and improve my writing skills.(合并为含有定语从句的句子)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. 用定语从句合并
There will be 20 competitors to recite 40 poems in the competition.
The competition of course can broaden our horizon and enrich our knowledge.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. The firefighters managed to save a girl. She was stuck in the big fire.
→The firefighters managed to save a girl, . (非限制性定语从句)
→The firefighters managed to . (分词作定语)
9. 用定语从句合并
Moreover, the sea is abundant in a variety of resources.
This enables us to solve the problem of energy shortages.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
10.(People don’t have enough time to attend to the old at home, and it has become a prominent problem.(改为含有非限制性定语从句的句子)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
11. ①Nowadays, a nature domain located in Sichuan Province has been set up.
②Pandas can enjoy their life happily there.
→ (合并成含有where引导的非限制性定语从句的主从复合句)
12. ①The panda is of an iconic animal in China.
②The panda has a black and white coat.
→ (合并成含有which引导的非限制性定语从句的主从复合句)
13. ①Most of the students will turn to their classmates or friends for help when in trouble.
②They’re almost of the same age, so they can talk with and understand each other easily.
→________________________________________________________________________(用定语从句合并句)
14. 用定语从句合并
And there are sixty students in my class. They are all hardworking.
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15. 用定语从句合并
My favorite teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms.Wang. Ms.Wang’s way of teaching is nothing like that of my previous teachers.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
16. 用介词提前了的定语从句合并
I think maybe it is because of her own personality.
Everyone respects her for her personality.
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17.(用过去分词作定语和非限制性定语从句合并下列句子
① Will everybody please bring along a small gift for this purpose
② Remember to wrap it up, sign your name and write a few words of goodwishes. __________________________________________________________________________________________________
18. My father works in the post office. He likes listening to classical music. (改写成含非限制性定语从句的复合句)
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19. He spent 18 years cycling along the streets and earned nearly 350,000 yuan. All of it was donated to many schools.(现在分词短语做状语及非限制性定语从句)
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