人教版（2019）必修第三册Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 词汇讲解学案（无答案）

必修三Unit2词汇讲义
dilemma n.进退两难的境地；困境
be in dilemma 处于进退两难的境地 put sb. into a dilemma n.困境
I am grateful that you helped me get out of the dilemma I was in.
Facing a dilemma, we should think twice and make a right choice.
她左右为难， 思考着接下来做什么。She was __in a dilemma___ ， wondering what to do next.
moral adj（只用于名词前）道德（上）的；道义上的 n（用复数）道德规范/准则；品行
morally adv道德上 immoral adj. 不道德的 ethical adj.道德的；伦理的
a moral question道德问题 social morals 社会公德
eg. She describes her own moral dilemma in making the film.
faint v.昏倒；晕厥 adj.不清楚的；微小的；微弱的
faint from hunger 饿昏过去
faint memory 模糊的记忆
faint light 微弱的光线
faint smile 淡淡的微笑
faint chance 很小的机会
There is faint hope. 有一线希望
illustrate vt （举例）说明；阐明；（给书或文章）做插图
illustration n.图解；图示 illustrator n.插图画家 illustrative adj.解释性的
illustrate sth. with sth. 用…来说明…
to illustrate my point为了说明我的观点
eg. She looked like a princess in a nineteenth-century illustration. 她看上去像19世纪插图里的公主。
precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的 previous adj.先前的；以前的；以往的
a precious gift 珍贵的礼物
a precious moment/memory 珍贵的时刻/记忆
be precious to sb. 对某人来说很珍贵
carry sb through sth帮助某人渡过难关
eg. My friends carried me through trouble when I was in need.
eg. Can you carry me through the difficult problem
carry out 实施；履行 carry on 继续 carry away 运走
entrust v.委托；交付
entrust sb. with sth.=entrust sth. to sb.把某事委托给某人
marriage n 结婚；婚姻 a happy marriage 幸福的婚姻
marry vt娶；嫁；与.....结婚 vi结婚 married adj.已婚的；有配偶的
marry sb 与某人结婚 marry sb to sb把某人嫁给某人
be married to（表状态）与.....结婚 get married to （表动作）与.....结婚
eg. On returning to the palace, the king married the woman. 一回到宫殿，国王就和这位女子结婚了。
eg. Her father is trying to marry her to his manager’s son. 她的爸爸想让她嫁给他经理的儿子。
eg. They have been married to each other for 20 years.他们已经结婚20年了。
eg. Jane got married to her husband immediately after graduation.简一毕业就嫁给了她丈夫。
majority n.大部分；大多数 major n.主修课程；专业 adj.主要的 v.主修
the majority of 大多数的…
the majority 大众；大多数人 major in +专业 “主修”
complain v.抱怨；发牢骚 complaint n.抱怨；投诉
complain (to sb.) about/of sth. 向（某人）抱怨/投诉某事
complain/explain/mention/announce +to+人
make a complaint to sb. about sth. 向某人抱怨某事
respond vt回答；答复 vi回应；做出反应 respond to...对....做出反应
response n 反映；回答；答复 in response to作为（对......的）回答/反应
union n 协会；联合会；工会；联盟；联合；团结
the Students’ Union/student union学生会 the European Union欧盟
Union gives strength.团结就是力量。
hire vt 聘任；（短期）租用；（临时）雇用 解雇；开除: fire
hire a car/boat租车/船 the power to hire and fire聘用和解雇的权利
hire sb to do sth 聘用某人做某事 hire out 出租
eg. I’ll hire a lawyer to handle the case.我将聘请一位律师来处理这一案件。
eg. The company hires out cars.这家公司出租小汽车。
Let out sth on hire出租某物 cars on/for hire 供租用的汽车
rent 租赁房屋、土地
hire 短期雇用；租用 employ 长期雇用
reject vt拒绝接受；不录用 rejection n拒绝接受；否决
reject和refuse都有拒绝的意思，有时可以换用，但也有一些区别：
①refuse为普通用词，reject常用在正式场合
②refuse可用作及物动词或不及物动词，而reject只用做及物动词
I asked him to lend me his car, but he refused. 我请求他把车借给我，但他拒绝了。
I asked him to lend me his car, but he rejected me. 我请求他把车借给我，但他拒绝了我。
③refuse后接不定式表示“拒绝做某事”，而reject通常不这样用。
He refused to attend the meeting.√
He rejected to attend the meeting.×
appoint v 任命；委派
appointment n 约会（date）；约定；预约；任命；职位
appoint sb (as) sth任命某人为某职务
eg. Sam has been appointed (as) manager of the engineering department.山姆被任命为工程部经理。
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事
eg. The doctor appointed a nurse to guard her. 医生委派一名护士看护她。
eg. I have an appointment with my dentist at 11:30.
make an appointment with sb 与某人约定/约会；(have a date with sb)
keep an appointment守约 cancel an appointment 取消约定
by appointment 按照约定
elect vt 选举；推选 election n 选举；推选
elect sb (as) sth选举某人任某职务
eg. They elected me (as) president/chairman of student union.他们推选我做学生会主席。
elect sb to sth选某人进入某团体
eg. My brother was elected to the student union.
elect sb to do sth 选某人做某事
eg. The school board is made up of parents who have been elected to make decision about school affairs.
学校董事会由已经被选举出来决定学校事务的父母们组成。
tend vt 照顾；照料 vi倾向；趋于 tendency n.趋势；倾向
tend (to) the sick 护理病人 have a tendency to/towards sth ......的趋势
eg. I would like to tend the store for you while you’re away.你不在时我愿意替你照看店铺。
tend to/toward(s) sth 倾向于...;有...的趋势
eg. The kind of music tends to light music.
tend to do sth易于做某事；往往会发生某事
eg. I tend to see pictures in my mind when I am reading or listening.
在读或听的时候，我往往会在头脑中有画面感。
publish v.发表；出版；公布 publisher n.出版人；发行人
publish 及物，可用于被动语态 come out 不及物，不能用于被动语态
staff n(集体名词）员工；全体职员 the teaching staff of a school学校的全体教师
eg. The staff are not very happy about the latest pay increase. 员工们对最近一次的加薪不是很满意。
retire v.退休；退职 retired adj.退休的 retirement n.退休；退休生活
retire from 从…退休
resign v.辞职 resign from 从…辞职 retirement party 退休宴
saving n节省物；节约；节省；（复数）储蓄金；存款
a saving on energy 能源节约 open a savings account开储蓄账户
save vt 救；节省；保留；保存；储蓄；积攒；避免；免得
principle n.道德原则；法则；原则
be against one’s principle 违背某人的原则
in principle 原则上；基本上 on principle 依据原则
passive adj被动的；顺从的 passively adv 消极地；被动地 active adj 积极的；主动的
scare vt惊吓；使害怕 vi 使惊吓
scared adj 害怕的；对......感到惊慌或恐惧的（修饰人） scary 令人害怕的（修饰物）
eg. The thunder scared the children.雷声吓着了那些孩子。
scare ... away/off把......吓跑
eg. The gun shots had scared the dog off.枪声把狗吓跑了。
be scared of (doing) sth害怕某事物/做某事
eg. Almost every child is scared of dogs.
eg. She is scared of going out alone at night.
be scared to do sth害怕做某事
eg. The boys are scared to cross the street.
scare sb. into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事
吓人的：frightening&terrifying&terrible&horrible
sharp adj.急剧的；锋利的；尖锐的 sharply adv.尖刻地；猛烈地；急剧地
sharpen v. 使锋利；使提高
a sharp increase/fall 急剧上涨/下跌
replace vt接替；替代；更换; 把......放回原处=take the place of ... replacement n 更换；更替；替换的人/物
replace 甲with/by乙 用乙替换甲
eg. They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars.他们用昂贵的新跑车代替了钟爱的旧车。
be replaced by/with…被…取代
被…取代：replace& take the place of& take one’s place& in place of& in one’s place& instead of
accident n 事故；车祸；失事 avoid/meet/cause an accident 避免/遇到/造成事故
eg. He was killed in a car accident.他死于车祸。
accident, incident, event辨析
accident指偶然或意外发生的不幸事情，如a traffic accident交通事故
incident即可指小事件或小插曲也可指政治上有影响的事件或事变。the Xi’an Incident
event指历史上的重大事件，还可以表示国际、国内的大事以及体育比赛项目。
eg. The 800 meters is not his best event.800米不是他的最强项。
by accident 偶然的；意外的 =by chance
operation n手术；企业；经营;运行；操作
perform an operation on sb给某人做手术 in operation 工作中；使用中；有效
put... into operation实施；使...运转；启用 come into operation 开始工作；开始生效
operate v动手术；经营；管理；操作；使用；运行；起作用；凑效
operate on sb给某人做手术
operator n 话务员；操作员；经营者
whisper vt/vi悄声说；耳语；低语 n耳语（声）；低语（声）；传言；谣传
whisper sth to sb=whisper to sb. sth. 跟某人低声说某事
whisper about sth 低声说某事
speak in a whisper 低声说话 in a whisper=in whispers低声地
It is whispered that…有人私下说
bite one’s tongue 隐忍不言
bite off咬掉 give sb a bite 咬某人一口
assist vt 帮助；援助 assistance n帮助；援助 assistant n助手；助理；店员
assist sb with sth在某事上帮助某人
with one's assistance 在某人的帮助下 = with the assistance of sb.
assist sb to do sth= assist sb in doing sth帮助某人做某事
eg. I swam to my dad quickly and assisted him to climb onto the boat.=
eg. I swam to my dad quickly and assisted him in climbing onto the boat.
我迅速游向父亲，并协助他爬到船上。
memory n记忆力；回忆 have a good/bad memory
memory loss 失忆
in memory of 作为对......的纪念=in one’s memory= in honor of
memorable adj. 难忘的；记忆的=unforgettable
Memory is wonderful if you don't have to deal with the past.
回忆本来是非常美好的，只要你能让过去都过去。
A film will be made in memory of those brave fire fighters.
为了纪念那些勇敢的消防战士，一部电影即将开拍。
in memory of [ n m m ri v] 作为对……的纪念
in praise of 赞美，歌颂
in honour of 纪念；向……表示敬意
in search of 寻找
in charge of 负责；掌管
in need of 需要
disguise v.装扮；假扮；掩盖 n.伪装；化妆用具 in disguise 伪装
disguise sb./oneself as 把某人/自己伪装成…
disguise the fact that 掩盖…的事实
speak without disguise 毫不掩饰地说
There's no disguising the fact that... ……是掩盖不了的事实
spill [sp l] vi.&vt.(使)洒出(使)溢出
spill out 喷涌出来
eg. Tear began to spill out of the boy's eyes.
spill over 溢出
eg. It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。
tear n眼泪； 泪水(常用复数) in tears 流着泪；含着泪
burst into tears突然大哭=burst out crying
hold back one’s tears 忍住泪水
Finally, Tom had to say good-bye to his parents in tears.
earnings（薪水） belongings（所有物） surroundings（环境）
burst into tears 突然大哭起来
fight back tears 忍住眼泪
tears of joy 喜悦的泪水
hold back one's tears 强忍住眼泪
be moved to tears 感动得流泪
be close to tears 快流泪了
harm n/vt伤害；损害 do/cause harm to... 伤害；对.....有害
harmful adj有害的
be harmful to...对.....是有害的 be harmless to 对…无害
Too much drinking will do great harm to you.=Too much drinking will be very harmful to you.
饮酒过量危害甚大。
do more harm than good 弊大于利
(教材P20)Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm？　
难道这个村子里没有人觉得自己有责任不让他们的邻居受到伤害吗？
despair n绝望 vt绝望；感到无望
in despair处于绝望中
drive sb. to despair 把某人逼得走投无路
despair of sb./sth./doing sth. 对某人/某事绝望；对…丧失信心
Lucy put her head on the doctor’s desk in despair.露西绝望地趴在医生的桌子上。
a great/good deal 大量；很多
learn a great deal 学到很多
Although she had never met that expert, she knew a great deal about him.
尽管她从来没见过那位专家，但是她对他很了解。
a great/good deal of大量的； 很多的（接不可数名词）
A great deal of money has been wasted.
(1)a great deal意为“大量”时，起名词作用，在句中可以作主语、宾语等；
(2)a great deal意为“非常、很”时，在句中作状语，可修饰动词或形容词、副词比较级；
(3)a great deal of后跟不可数名词。
(教材P20)After a great deal of effort, she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street.
费了好大一番功夫，她终于成功地把石头推到了路边。
might n.力量；威力
mighty adj.强有力的；巨大的 adv.非常；极其
with all one’s might 用尽全力
mighty difficult 极其困难
flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的；易弯曲的 flexibly adv.灵活地；易曲地
inflexible adj.不易弯曲的 flexibility n.灵活性；弹性；柔性
be flexible in…在…方面灵活
income n.收入；收益
a high/large income a low/small income
a source of income 收入来源
income: 收入；收益 pay:工资；薪水
salary: 按月的薪水 wage:按周的薪水/工钱
Pain pays the income of each precious thing.
不受煎熬，难获珍宝。——莎士比亚
therefore adv 因此；所以(thus)[语法填空常考词汇，置于句首或句中]
therefore 用于严谨的推理，可以表示结果，结局或结论
A fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature.
鱼是冷血动物，因此对水温非常敏感。
tension n紧张关系；紧张；焦虑 tense adj紧张的；绷紧的
reduce/relieve/ease tension 减压；减缓紧张感
a tension between…and… …和…之间的紧张关系
create an atmosphere of tension 制造紧张气氛
eg. The tension and excitement bulit gradually all day.
整个一天中，紧张与兴奋的气氛越来越浓。
disagree disagreement
disagree with 不同意…；与…不符；（气候/食物）使某人不舒服
disagree with sb. on/about/over sth. 在某事上与某人意见不合
agree with 同意；与…一致；（气候；食物）合适
agree to do sth.同意做某事
agree on 就…达成一致
短语部分
get in trouble 陷入麻烦
in trouble 陷入麻烦
eg. Whenever she is in trouble, he is there for you.
out of trouble 摆脱麻烦；脱离困境
have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
have trouble with sth. 在某事上有困难
make trouble 制造麻烦
be eager to do sth.渴望做某事
be eager for sth.渴望得到某物
eager adj.热切的；渴望的 eagerness n.渴望；热切
pay attention to 注意；专心（后接名词，代词，动名词，从句）
pay more/much/little/less attention
attract/draw one’s attention to 引起某人对…的注意
focus attention on 集中注意力于
be faced with “面临；面对”（表主动）
_______（face）with an awkward situation, you should keep calm.
facing 作状语时，不与with 连用，直接加宾语
face up to sth. 勇于面对某事
face to face 面对面
make a face=make faces做鬼脸
in the face of sth. 即使面对…；因为；由于
to one’s face 当着某人的面
lose face save face
first aid 急救
do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid ( to sb.) 对（某人）实施急救
aid v.帮助；援助
come to one’s aid=come to the aid of sb. 帮某人的忙
pass by 经过 pass away 去世
pass down 把…传给后人
pick oneself up 振作起来；爬起来
trip over 被…绊倒
trip and fall 绊了一下摔倒了
trip 轻快地走/跑
make an attempt to do sth.尝试做….
make no attempt to do/at doing sth.不尝试做某事
in an attempt to do sth. 试图做…
at one’s first attempt 在某人第一次尝试时
attempt v/n 企图；尝试；试图
attempt to do sth. 试图/尝试做…
人+be responsible for “对…负责”
事1+be responsible for 事2 “事1是事2的原因”
responsibility n.负责；义务
be responsible to sb.对某人负责
take/have responsibility for 对…负责；对…有责任
a sense of responsibility
The advantage is that….
The reason is that…
The problem is that…
She not only plays well, but also writes music.
Not only do the teachers have their own ideas on the matter, but the students have theirs too.
Not only you but also I am going to have dinner.
moral adj.道德的；道义上的→ __________________adj.不道德的
illustrate vt. (举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图 → __________________n.插图；图解；图示→ __________________n.插图画家
marriage n.结婚；婚姻→ __________________vt.结婚→ __________________adj.已婚的
complain v.抱怨；发牢骚→ __________________n.抱怨；牢骚
respond vt. 回答；回复vi. 做出反应；回应→ ______________n. 反应；回答；回复
appoint vt. 任命；委派 → _____________ n. 约会；任命；委任 → _____________adj. 约定的；指定的
tend vt. 照顾；照料　vi. 倾向；趋于 → __________________ n. 趋势；趋向
publish vt. 发表(作品)；出版→ _____________ n.出版；出版物→ ___________ n.出版商；发行人
retire vt. & vi. 退休；退职；退出→ ___________n. 退休→ ___________ adj. 退休的
10.accident n. 事故；车祸；失事→ _____ adj. 意外的；偶然的→ __________ adv. 偶然地
11.assist vt. 帮助；援助→ ___________ n. 助理；助手→ _____________ n. 帮助；援助
12.flexible adj. 灵活的；可变通的→ ____________ adv. 灵活地→ _________ n. 灵活性
13.harm n. & vt. 伤害；损害→ ____________adj. 有害的→ _____________adv. 有害地→ ________________adj. 无害的
14. tension n. → __________________adj.紧张的
1．_______________占大多数 2．_______________抱怨……
3．_______________ 对……做出回应或反映；答复
4._______________ 任命某人为……
5._______________ 从……退休 6._______________用……替换……
7．by accident_______________ 8.do harm to_______________
9．pass away_______________ 10．in memory of_______________
11.有…趋势__________________ 12. 突然大哭起来_________________
13.照顾/照料__________________ 14.急救____________________