中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点时事话题专练32自然灾害
主要内容
完形填空 作者的社区被飓风所摧毁，而之前并不熟悉的邻居向作者一家伸出了援手，社区也团结在了一起
阅读理解 极端天气和与此相关的灾难会越来越多，但是人类会通过高科技拯救更多的生命
海啸频发的国家从灾难中吸取教训，防止未来再次发生海啸。
由于塔阿尔火山爆发，菲律宾巴坦加斯地区遭受火山灰危害，邻区比南市施以援手将火山灰变废为宝，为巴坦加斯地区人民重建家园
德国严重的洪涝灾害所引发的关注
任务型阅读 在自然灾害到来之前制定生存计划提出一些建议
语法填空 在洪水中生存，准备工作和行动非常重要
写作 以How to deal with natural
disasters为题写一篇英语短文
一、完形填空
（2023高三下·广州模拟）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I used to think my life was perfect. My mom had her dream job and a beautiful office, and I had my own room with a computer and a garden to 1． . But one Sunday, everything changed. A hurricane 2． our neighborhood while we were visiting my grandparents in Raleigh. Our kitchen was destroyed, and our clean and comfortable home was in ruins.
But something 3． happened. Our neighbors, the Flores family, came to our 4． . They helped clear broken pieces and offered us a place to stay. Their 5． was most impressive. We had never 6． spoken to them before, but they 7． their home to us and made us feel like family.
We started a new 8． of having weekend dinner together. We invited other families from the neighborhood to join us, and our. 9． were filled with laughter and delicious food. It was a beautiful thing to see our 10． come together in the wake of a disaster.
I 11． knew Rosica, their daughter, before the hurricane. But she quickly became my friend. She had a gift for 12． and our evenings together were filled with adventure and laughter.
Looking back, I realize that the hurricane 13． unexpected benefit. It brought us closer to our neighbors and 14． our lives in ways we never could have imagined. Sometimes, it takes a(n) 15． to bring out the best in people.
1．A．tend to B．worry about C．dream of D．deal with
2．A．visited B．skipped C．approached D．swept
3．A．invisible B．unexpected C．impossible D．unlucky
4．A．mind B．knowledge C．aid D．sense
5．A．belief B．request C．wealth D．kindness
6．A．really B．carefully C．naturally D．clearly
7．A．sold B．rented C．showed D．opened
8．A．business B．project C．tradition D．life
9．A．reunions B．gatherings C．journeys D．memories
10．A．family B．volunteers C．community D．supporters
11．A．soon B．never C．already D．also
12．A．fortune telling B．story telling
C．mind reading D．house keeping
13．A．brought about B．resulted from C．made up for D．got away with
14．A．saved B．controlled C．enriched D．recorded
15．A．instant B．effort C．party D．disaster
二、阅读理解
（2021·榆林模拟）阅读理解
The number of weather -related disasters has increased by five times over
the past 50years, the latest report by the World Meteorological (气象) Organization (WMO) said on
September 1, However, thanks to improved early warning systems and disaster
management, the number of death from these hazards (危险)
has been almost three times less.
According to the WMO, from 1970 to 2019, weather, climate and water
hazards account ted for 50 percent of all disasters. Among the top 10 hazards
that led to the largest loss of human life during this period were droughts, storms,
floods and extreme temperatures. How-ever, deaths fell from over 50, 000 in the
1970s to less than 20, 000 in the 2010s.
"Weather, climate and water extremes are increasing and will become
more frequent and severe in many parts of the world as a result of climate
change," says WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas,
"That means more heatwaves, drought and forest fires such as those
we have observed recently in Europe and North America. We have more water vapor
in the atmosphere, which is worsening extreme rainfall and deadly flooding. The
warming of the oceans has affected the frequency and area of existence of the
most intense tropical storms.
"Economic losses are increasing as exposure increases. But behind
the statistics lies a message of hope. Improved multi-hazard early warning
systems have led to a significant reduction in deaths. Quite simply, we are
better than ever before at saving lives," Taalas said.
16．What do we know from the first paragraph
A．Disasters connected with weather have gone up.
B．The number of weather related disasters has decreased.
C．The number of deaths from hazards has been increasing.
D．Early warning systems have made disasters decline much.
17．What will happen according to Petteri Taalas
A．There will be more extreme weather.
B．Extreme rainfall will no longer exist.
C．Water vapor in the atmosphere will go down.
D．Humans will conquer extreme weather in the end.
18．What is hopeful behind the bad news
A．Improved warning systems will save economic losses.
B．Economic losses are going down as exposure increases.
C．More lives will be saved thanks to early warning systems.
D．Improved early warning systems will control extreme weather.
19．Where may the text be taken from
A．A novel. B．An advertisement.
C．A guideline. D．A magazine.
20．（2020·成都模拟）阅读理解
"Like a monster, it
destroys everything. "That's how one school girl described a tsunami (海啸).
On Dec. 26, 2004, a magnitude-9. 1 earthquake in
Indonesia set off a massive tsunami. It killed more than 230,000 people across
four countries and cost an estimated $ 10 billion in damage.
Nov. 5 is World Tsunami Awareness Day and at the
United Nations Wednesday, disaster risk reduction was high on the agenda.
"What I can tell you is that the tsunami
wave cannot be stopped," said Bulgarians U. N. Ambassador Georgi Velikov
Panayotov. He was on vacation in Thailand in 2004 and survived the tsunami.
"What we can do is build early warning systems and, of course, educate the
population about the damaging power of the tsunami wave," he said.
On March 11, 2011, a magnitude-9 earthquake
rocked northeastern Japan triggering a fierce tsunami that also damaged the
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, south of Sendai.
"When the big earthquake hit Japan in 2011,
people thought that we were prepared for it," said Japan's U. N.
Ambassador Koro Bessho. "It caused severe damage. We had dams; we had drills. However, we had been counting on something that
hits every 100 years and the earthquake was of the size of possibly every 500
years or thousand years, he said.
These two events sent the
countries of the region into overdrive to review and improve disaster
preparedness. In 2015 the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction was
born. It aims to help create a better understanding of disaster risk and
improve preparedness for an effective response.
Indonesia is made up of thousands of islands
which are disaster-prone (易受灾地区). Willem Rampangilei, head
of the Disaster Management Agency of Indonesia, said his government now has
plans for every disaster-prone city.
Countries at risk are also expanding their
education programs. Children from an early age are taught how to react in case
of a tsunami and then go with their classmates to higher ground away from
coastal areas to avoid the walls of water the tsunami triggers.
（1）What does Georgi Velikov Panayotov mainly talk about
A．The general features of a tsunami.
B．Ways for humans to face a tsunami.
C．His suffering in the 2004 tsunami.
D．The loss caused by the 2004 tsunami.
（2）In Koro Bessho's opinion, why did the 2011 earthquake cause severe damage
A．It caused a fierce tsunami.
B．It destroyed a nuclear plant.
C．The size was beyond expectation.
D．There was no effective defense system.
（3）What common belief pushed different countries to take action to face a coming tsunami
A．Children should be protected by all means.
B．The improvement of preparedness can reduce damage.
C．Proper response in case of a tsunami can save one's life.
D．Stronger measures should be taken in disaster-prone areas.
（4）Which can be the best title of the text
A．World Tsunami Awareness Day
B．Nations Attacked by Massive Tsunami
C．The Unpredictable and Destructive Disaster
D．Learn from Disasters to Prevent Future Ones
（2022·安徽模拟）阅读理解
Tourism is popular in the area around
Taal Lake on Luzon Island in the Philippines, which is known for
its natural beauty. Every year, travelers
go there to see the scenery that surrounds Taal Volcano,
one of the most active volcanoes in the country.
It was quiet for years until January 12, 2020 when the volcano erupted. Since
then, the cities surrounding the volcano have been covered with ash and many
people are forced to leave home.
But the ash didn't stop the residents of Binan, a city that is 35 km south of Manilla, from finding
a way to help their neighbors in the towns that suffered the most from Taal. Binan Mayor Walfredo Dimaguila ordered the city residents to collect the ash and to put it in sacks (麻袋) to be sent to the state-owned factory that can produce
5,000 bricks a day to turn it into bricks
to use for rebuilding damaged
communities.
"What
we plan is to turn them into hollow blocks and bricks and sell them to
interested companies," Dimaguila
said. But he noted, the money would be donated to the people directly
affected by the volcano. "When
Batangas (the region where Taal is located) is in recovery, the
bricks can not only be used to build
schools, community halls and
livelihood centers but also help deal with ash pollution for the earth," Dimaguila said. "The misfortune of our neighbors in
Batangas is there. Let's transform
this into opportunity. "
The Philippines, located
in the Pacific "Ring of Fire: zone of fire" and part of the
typhoon belt, is a country that is
known for natural disasters like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and major
storms. But the Filipino people show their strong will and community spirit.
21．What has happened to Taal Volcano
A．It appeals to more and more visitors.
B．It becomes quieter and quieter.
C．It is completely covered with ash.
D．It has bad impacts on the locals.
22．What are people advised to do according to Walfredo Dimaguila
A．To collect volcanic ash for recycling.
B．To save sacks for factories to use.
C．To set up a factory for making bricks.
D．To build communities for people from disasters.
23．What can be inferred from Dimaguila's words in Paragraph 3
A．Companies are expected to donate money.
B．Bricks made of volcanic ash are gaining popularity.
C．Batangas people have been suffering from the volcano.
D．Turning ash into bricks does good to the earth.
24．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Taal Lake, a Destroyed Region
B．Treasure Transformed from Ash
C．The Philippines Hit by Disasters
D．Taal Volcano, a Popular Tourist Destination
（2022·泸县模拟）阅读理解
Entire towns in western Germany were destroyed last week by "the flood of the century", said Susanne Scholz in Express, and the whole country is in shock. The images on TV news looked like they were coming from a tropical monsoon zone (热带季风区), not our first-world nation. Never did we think we would see our own citizens "trapped in houses on the edge of crash, in danger of being swept away by masses of water".
Days of severe rain got rivers to burst their banks in the states of Rhineland-Palatinate and North Rhine-Westphalia, and in neighboring Belgium and the Netherlands. In the small town of Sinzig, the River Ahr reached its highest level at about 23 feet, flooding a nursing home and drowning 12 disabled residents who could not flee.
Authorities have so far confirmed some 200 deaths across Germany, but hundreds more people remain missing. While authorities say it's too early to put a price tag on the damage, the images of flooded homes and electrical stations, damaged bridges, and cars crumpled (变皱) by fallen trees tell a tale of vast material loss. "The German language hardly knows any words for the damage that has been brought about," said Chancellor Angela Merkel. She praised the thousands of volunteers who came to pump out water, load sandbags, and search for survivors.
"Disaster control clearly failed," said Peter Tiede in Bild. State and local authorities responsible for evacuation (疏散) warnings relied on smartphone apps that many Germans don't have — and service was out anyway because the storms had downed the cell towers. Only old-fashioned alarms work in such emergencies, yet our few loudspeaker vans never left the stations. Public radio, meanwhile, "was playing pop music while hundreds of people were being washed away, houses collapsing, villages torn down to the ground." It's simply unforgivable. "How bad will it get when such a flood hits a major city like Cologne or Hamburg instead of villages and small towns "
25．How did the whole country react to the flood
A．They were indifferent. B．They were quite surprised.
C．They were in high spirits. D．They were well-prepared.
26．What was the direct cause of the disaster
A．Days of heavy rain. B．Failure in disaster control.
C．Old-fashioned alarms. D．Delayed Evacuation warnings.
27．What does Angela Merkel intend to say
A．The German language is limited. B．Volunteers are needed badly.
C．The damage is beyond description. D．New vocabulary should be added.
28．What can be the best title for the text
A．Authorities Should Be to Blame
B．Major Cities Are Ready for Emergency
C．Harmful Floods Raise Concerns in Germany
D．Deaths Are Confirmed in Terrible Floods
三、任务型阅读
（2024高三上·大连模拟） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两处为多余选项。
For outdoor enthusiasts, it is crucial to be prepared for any sort of natural disaster in the open air 29． It includes what kinds of disasters may strike, and what resources should be taken on your trip.
30． Desert areas are more likely to be affected by droughts; coastal regions are more likely to see hurricanes; mountainous areas are likely to avalanches(雪崩) in winter and landslides in summer. Therefore, always do some research ahead of time to help you find right survival strategies in different conditions.
While you're planning, the essential thing to consider is the things you should pack for your trip. Any disaster that may separate you from civilization for a period of time will require you to provide your own food, water, and shelter for at least a few days 31． For disasters that may wet your equipment, flameless light sources are a must. What you bring with you should be suited to the disaster you might encounter.
Once you complete your survival plan, it's better to review it periodically. When a natural disaster strikes, you probably won't have time to go over a document or go online to seek advice. 32．
If a natural disaster strikes while you are in the wilderness, you should put your survival plan into effect immediately 33． Then contact others for help Do not wait around to see if the disaster is really that serious, do not panic, and do not easily abandon your plan.
A. But this is not always the case. B. It's also a good idea to bring light sources. C. That means having a disaster response plan. D. It's also great to consult with the specialists in person. E. Consequently, revising it frequently is strongly recommended. F. Different kinds of disasters are likely to occur in different areas. G. Stay calm, act decisively, and begin working to keep yourself alive.
（2021·大庆模拟）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有项为多余选项。
Floods can strike
quickly and with little warning in many parts of the world. Surviving a flood
is a combination of preparation and appropriate action as soon as the disaster
begins. 34．
●Make a flood survival
plan.
35． Pick several meeting spots in case you need to
leave home, such as a friend's home in a safe town or a shelter in your area.
Make sure everyone in the family knows where these locations are and how to get
there. Make sure the shelters and the routes to them are through high ground
●Escape flood waters.
You may have only a
short time to escape. Act quickly, using your planned route. Head to designated
shelters during flood warnings. When emergency services tell you to leave,
listen to their instructions.
Move to higher ground
away from water. Whether you are on foot or have to abandon your car, higher
ground is your best option. If you're stuck at home, head for the roof if you
can do so safely.
Avoid crossing through
water. Water up to your ankles is enough to be dangerous. When you're in doubt
about the water depth，don't risk it. 36． Use it to measure the water's depth and feel
for stable ground.
●Follow news and
warnings.
Flooding information
can be found on your local news or weather station's TV channel or website. 37． Also, listen to local radio stations for
regular updates.
● 38．
Roads and other paths
will have been eroded. Stay off bridges. The soil under usual routes will be
muddy and less able to support the weight of vehicles. Find alternate routes
over high ground or wait for the authorities to indicate which roads are safe.
A.
Watch out for damaged areas.
B.
Protect your home during a flood.
C.
If you have to go through water, bring a stick.
D.
You should tune in to monitor changes in the weather.
E.
If your car gets stuck in water, open or break the windows.
F.
Sit down with your family to establish a plan of action.
G.
Here are some tips to help you and your family survive a flood.
四、书面表达
39．（2020·临汾模拟）洪水、火山爆发、地震和海啸等自然灾害经常会不期而至。面对自然灾害我们应该怎么做呢？请你根据以下要点提示以How to deal with natural
disasters为题写一篇英语短文。
1）自然灾害造成的损失惨重；
2）我们应该掌握有关自然灾害的知识并做好充分准备；当自然灾害来临时，要坚定信念，并团结一致，保持镇静，努力自救和帮助他人。
注意：①词数100左右； ②可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点时事话题专练32自然灾害
主要内容
完形填空 作者的社区被飓风所摧毁，而之前并不熟悉的邻居向作者一家伸出了援手，社区也团结在了一起
阅读理解 极端天气和与此相关的灾难会越来越多，但是人类会通过高科技拯救更多的生命
海啸频发的国家从灾难中吸取教训，防止未来再次发生海啸。
由于塔阿尔火山爆发，菲律宾巴坦加斯地区遭受火山灰危害，邻区比南市施以援手将火山灰变废为宝，为巴坦加斯地区人民重建家园
德国严重的洪涝灾害所引发的关注
任务型阅读 在自然灾害到来之前制定生存计划提出一些建议
语法填空 在洪水中生存，准备工作和行动非常重要
写作 以How to deal with natural
disasters为题写一篇英语短文
一、完形填空
（2023高三下·广州模拟）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I used to think my life was perfect. My mom had her dream job and a beautiful office, and I had my own room with a computer and a garden to 1． . But one Sunday, everything changed. A hurricane 2． our neighborhood while we were visiting my grandparents in Raleigh. Our kitchen was destroyed, and our clean and comfortable home was in ruins.
But something 3． happened. Our neighbors, the Flores family, came to our 4． . They helped clear broken pieces and offered us a place to stay. Their 5． was most impressive. We had never 6． spoken to them before, but they 7． their home to us and made us feel like family.
We started a new 8． of having weekend dinner together. We invited other families from the neighborhood to join us, and our. 9． were filled with laughter and delicious food. It was a beautiful thing to see our 10． come together in the wake of a disaster.
I 11． knew Rosica, their daughter, before the hurricane. But she quickly became my friend. She had a gift for 12． and our evenings together were filled with adventure and laughter.
Looking back, I realize that the hurricane 13． unexpected benefit. It brought us closer to our neighbors and 14． our lives in ways we never could have imagined. Sometimes, it takes a(n) 15． to bring out the best in people.
1．A．tend to B．worry about C．dream of D．deal with
2．A．visited B．skipped C．approached D．swept
3．A．invisible B．unexpected C．impossible D．unlucky
4．A．mind B．knowledge C．aid D．sense
5．A．belief B．request C．wealth D．kindness
6．A．really B．carefully C．naturally D．clearly
7．A．sold B．rented C．showed D．opened
8．A．business B．project C．tradition D．life
9．A．reunions B．gatherings C．journeys D．memories
10．A．family B．volunteers C．community D．supporters
11．A．soon B．never C．already D．also
12．A．fortune telling B．story telling
C．mind reading D．house keeping
13．A．brought about B．resulted from C．made up for D．got away with
14．A．saved B．controlled C．enriched D．recorded
15．A．instant B．effort C．party D．disaster
【答案】1．A；2．D；3．B；4．C；5．D；6．A；7．D；8．C；9．B；10．C；11．B；12．B；13．A；14．C；15．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者的社区被飓风所摧毁，而之前并不熟悉的邻居向作者一家伸出了援手，社区也团结在了一起。作者感悟到一场灾难才能激发出人们最好的一面。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
1．句意：我妈妈有一份理想的工作和一间漂亮的办公室，我有自己的房间，有一台电脑和一个花园要打理。A. tend to"照料"；B. worry about"担心"；C. dream of"梦想"；D. deal with"处理"。根据空前"a garden to"指照料花园，应用tend to。故选A。
2．句意：当我们去罗利拜访我的祖父母时，一场飓风席卷了我们的社区。A. visited"参观"；B. skipped"跳跃"；C. approached"靠近"；D. swept"扫除，席卷"。根据下文"Our kitchen was destroyed, and our clean and comfortable home was in ruins."我们的厨房被毁了，我们干净舒适的家变成了废墟，指一场飓风席卷了我们的社区。故选D。
3．句意：但是意想不到的事情发生了。A. invisible"看不见的"；B. unexpected"意外的"；C. impossible"不可能的"；D. unlucky"不幸的"。根据下文"They helped clear broken pieces and offered us a place to stay."；以及"Looking back, I realize that the hurricane 13 unexpected benefit."可知，几乎没怎么说话的邻居一家来帮助作者他们，所以这是意想不到的事情。故选B。
4．句意：我们的邻居弗洛雷斯一家来帮助我们。A. mind"思维"；B. knowledge"知识"；C. aid"帮助"；D. sense"感觉"。根据下文"They helped clear broken pieces and offered us a place to stay."他们帮我们清理碎片，还给了我们一个住处)"可知，邻居帮助了作者一家。come to one's aid固定短语，"帮助某人"，故选C。
5．句意：他们的善良给人留下了深刻的印象。A. belief"信念"；B. request"要求"；C. wealth"财富"；D. kindness"善良"。根据上文"They helped clear broken pieces and offered us a place to stay."他们帮我们清理碎片，还给了我们一个住处。可知，邻居帮助了作者一家，所以说他们十分善良。故选D。
6．句意：我们以前从未和他们真正交谈过，但他们向我们敞开了家门，让我们有家的感觉。A. really"真正地"；B. carefully"仔细地"；C. naturally"自然地"；D. clearly"清楚地"。根据空后"spoken to them before, but they"中but表示转折，说明此前从未和他们真正交谈过，故选A。
7．句意：我们以前从未和他们真正交谈过，但他们向我们敞开了家门，让我们有家的感觉。A. sold"出售"；B. rented"租"；C. showed"展示"；D. opened"打开"。根据上文"offered us a place to stay"指邻居为作者一家敞开大门。故选D。
8．句意：我们开始了周末一起吃晚饭的新传统。A. business"生意"；B. project"项目"；C. tradition"传统"；D. life"生活"。根据空后"of having weekend dinner together"可知，指周末一起吃晚饭的新传统。故选C。
9．句意：我们邀请了附近的其他家庭加入我们，我们的聚会充满了笑声和美味的食物。A. reunions"团聚"；B. gatherings"聚会"；C. journeys"旅程"；D. memories"记忆"。根据上文"We invited other families from the neighborhood to join us, and our"可知，他邀请了附近的其他家庭加入，所以指聚会充满了笑声和美味的食物。故选B。
10．句意：看到我们的社区在灾难之后团结起来是一件很美好的事情。A. family"家人"；B. volunteers"志愿者"；C. community"社区"；D. supporters"支持者"。根据上文"We invited other families"可知，社区因为灾难团结在一起，开始一起聚会。故选C。
11．句意：飓风来之前，我一点也不认识他们的女儿罗西卡。A. soon"很快"；B. never"从不，一点也不"；C. already"已经"；D. also"也"。根据空后"knew Rosica, their daughter, before the hurricane"可知，飓风之前作者一点也不认识邻居的女儿。故选B。
12．句意：她有讲故事的天赋，我们在一起的夜晚充满了冒险和笑声。A. fortune telling"算命"；B. story telling"讲故事"；C. mind reading"读心术"；D. house keeping"内务工作"。根据空后"and our evenings together were filled with adventure and laughter"可知，罗西卡有讲故事的天赋，让他们在一起的夜晚充满了冒险和笑声。故选B。
13．句意：现在回想起来，我意识到飓风带来了意想不到的好处。A. brought about"引起"；B. resulted from"起因于"；C. made up for"补偿"；D. got away with"逃避惩罚"。根据空后"unexpected benefit"指飓风带来了意想不到的好处。故选A。
14．句意：它拉近了我们与邻居的距离，并以我们从未想象过的方式丰富了我们的生活。A. saved"拯救"；B. controlled"控制"；C. enriched"丰富"；D. recorded"记录"。呼应上文"our evenings together were filled with adventure and laughter"指丰富了生活。故选C。
15．句意：有时候，一场灾难才能激发出人们最好的一面。A. instant"瞬间"；B. effort"努力"；C. party"派对"；D. disaster"灾难"。飓风之后社区团结在一起，所以是一场灾难才能激发出人们最好的一面。故选D。
二、阅读理解
（2021·榆林模拟）阅读理解
The number of weather -related disasters has increased by five times over
the past 50years, the latest report by the World Meteorological (气象) Organization (WMO) said on
September 1, However, thanks to improved early warning systems and disaster
management, the number of death from these hazards (危险)
has been almost three times less.
According to the WMO, from 1970 to 2019, weather, climate and water
hazards account ted for 50 percent of all disasters. Among the top 10 hazards
that led to the largest loss of human life during this period were droughts, storms,
floods and extreme temperatures. How-ever, deaths fell from over 50, 000 in the
1970s to less than 20, 000 in the 2010s.
"Weather, climate and water extremes are increasing and will become
more frequent and severe in many parts of the world as a result of climate
change," says WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas,
"That means more heatwaves, drought and forest fires such as those
we have observed recently in Europe and North America. We have more water vapor
in the atmosphere, which is worsening extreme rainfall and deadly flooding. The
warming of the oceans has affected the frequency and area of existence of the
most intense tropical storms.
"Economic losses are increasing as exposure increases. But behind
the statistics lies a message of hope. Improved multi-hazard early warning
systems have led to a significant reduction in deaths. Quite simply, we are
better than ever before at saving lives," Taalas said.
16．What do we know from the first paragraph
A．Disasters connected with weather have gone up.
B．The number of weather related disasters has decreased.
C．The number of deaths from hazards has been increasing.
D．Early warning systems have made disasters decline much.
17．What will happen according to Petteri Taalas
A．There will be more extreme weather.
B．Extreme rainfall will no longer exist.
C．Water vapor in the atmosphere will go down.
D．Humans will conquer extreme weather in the end.
18．What is hopeful behind the bad news
A．Improved warning systems will save economic losses.
B．Economic losses are going down as exposure increases.
C．More lives will be saved thanks to early warning systems.
D．Improved early warning systems will control extreme weather.
19．Where may the text be taken from
A．A novel. B．An advertisement.
C．A guideline. D．A magazine.
【答案】16．A
17．A
18．C
19．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了极端天气和与此相关的灾难会越来越多，但是人类会通过高科技拯救更多的生命。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
16．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The number of weather-related disasters has increased by five times over the past 50 years, the latest report bythe World Meteorological (气象) Organization (WMO) said on September 1.”世界气象组织（WMO）9月1日发布的最新报告称，过去50年来，与天气有关的灾害数量增加了五倍。可知，与气候相关的灾难增多了。故选A。
17．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Weather, climate and water extremes are increasing and will become more frequent and severe in many parts ofthe world as a result of climate change.”由于气候变化，天气、气候和水极端事件正在增加，并将在世界许多地区变得更加频繁和严重。可知，这个科学家认为极端天气会增多。故选A。
18．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“But behind the statistics lies a message of hope.Improved multi-hazard early warning systems have led to a significant reduction in deaths. Quite simply, we are better than ever before at saving lives.“但在统计数据背后隐藏着希望的信息。改进的多灾种早期预警系统已导致死亡人数显着减少。很简单，我们比以往任何时候都更擅长拯救生命。可知，预警系统会拯救更多生命。故选C。
19．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的”says WMO Secretary-General etteri Taalas.“WMO秘书长佩特里·塔拉斯说；以及第五段中的”Talas said.“塔拉斯说，可知，文章引用了世界气象组织官员的话，所以最可能是一篇杂志文章。故选D。
20．（2020·成都模拟）阅读理解
"Like a monster, it
destroys everything. "That's how one school girl described a tsunami (海啸).
On Dec. 26, 2004, a magnitude-9. 1 earthquake in
Indonesia set off a massive tsunami. It killed more than 230,000 people across
four countries and cost an estimated $ 10 billion in damage.
Nov. 5 is World Tsunami Awareness Day and at the
United Nations Wednesday, disaster risk reduction was high on the agenda.
"What I can tell you is that the tsunami
wave cannot be stopped," said Bulgarians U. N. Ambassador Georgi Velikov
Panayotov. He was on vacation in Thailand in 2004 and survived the tsunami.
"What we can do is build early warning systems and, of course, educate the
population about the damaging power of the tsunami wave," he said.
On March 11, 2011, a magnitude-9 earthquake
rocked northeastern Japan triggering a fierce tsunami that also damaged the
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, south of Sendai.
"When the big earthquake hit Japan in 2011,
people thought that we were prepared for it," said Japan's U. N.
Ambassador Koro Bessho. "It caused severe damage. We had dams; we had drills. However, we had been counting on something that
hits every 100 years and the earthquake was of the size of possibly every 500
years or thousand years, he said.
These two events sent the
countries of the region into overdrive to review and improve disaster
preparedness. In 2015 the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction was
born. It aims to help create a better understanding of disaster risk and
improve preparedness for an effective response.
Indonesia is made up of thousands of islands
which are disaster-prone (易受灾地区). Willem Rampangilei, head
of the Disaster Management Agency of Indonesia, said his government now has
plans for every disaster-prone city.
Countries at risk are also expanding their
education programs. Children from an early age are taught how to react in case
of a tsunami and then go with their classmates to higher ground away from
coastal areas to avoid the walls of water the tsunami triggers.
（1）What does Georgi Velikov Panayotov mainly talk about
A．The general features of a tsunami.
B．Ways for humans to face a tsunami.
C．His suffering in the 2004 tsunami.
D．The loss caused by the 2004 tsunami.
（2）In Koro Bessho's opinion, why did the 2011 earthquake cause severe damage
A．It caused a fierce tsunami.
B．It destroyed a nuclear plant.
C．The size was beyond expectation.
D．There was no effective defense system.
（3）What common belief pushed different countries to take action to face a coming tsunami
A．Children should be protected by all means.
B．The improvement of preparedness can reduce damage.
C．Proper response in case of a tsunami can save one's life.
D．Stronger measures should be taken in disaster-prone areas.
（4）Which can be the best title of the text
A．World Tsunami Awareness Day
B．Nations Attacked by Massive Tsunami
C．The Unpredictable and Destructive Disaster
D．Learn from Disasters to Prevent Future Ones
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，海啸频发的国家从灾难中吸取教训，防止未来再次发生海啸。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“What I can tell you is that the tsunami wave cannot be stopped," 和"What we can do is build… of the tsunami wave," he said.可知Georgi Velikov Panayotov说“我能告诉你们的是，海啸的浪潮是无法阻止的。2004年，他在泰国度假，并在海啸中幸存下来。他说:“我们能做的是建立早期预警系统，当然，教育人们海啸的破坏力。”也就是说他主要在谈论人类面对海啸的方法，故选B。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的“When the big earthquake hit Japan in 2011, people thought that we were prepared for it,…However, we had been counting on something that hits every 100 years and the earthquake was of the size of possibly every 500 years or thousand years, he said.”可知Koro Bessho说他们已经为地震做好了准备，但是他们一直以为这次的地震是100年一次的地震，结果这次地震的规模可能是500年或1000年一次。也就说他认为地震的规模超过了他们的预期，导致他们准备不足从而遭受了严重的损失。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第七段中的“These two events sent the countries of the region into overdrive to review and improve disaster preparedness. …It aims to help create a better understanding of disaster risk and improve preparedness for an effective response.”可知这两起事件促使该地区各国加紧审查和改进防灾准备工作。2015年，仙台减少灾害风险框架诞生。它的目的是帮助人们更好地了解灾害风险，并改进对有效应对的准备工作；以及第八段中的“said his government now has plans for every disaster-prone city.”可知印度政府现在已经为每个灾害易发城市制定了计划。印度和日本都吸取教训加强了防灾准备工作来应对海啸，由此判断这些国家都认为改进准备工作可以减少损失。故选B。
（4）考查主旨大意。文章首先用印度的一场海啸以及引用保加利亚以及日本国家大使在联合国会议的发言来表明海啸的危害以及人们从中吸取的教训。接着作者以日本仙台和印度为例说明海啸频发地区各国从灾难中学习，加紧审查和改进防灾准备工作，并提到面临海啸风险的国家也在扩大其教育项目。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
（2022·安徽模拟）阅读理解
Tourism is popular in the area around
Taal Lake on Luzon Island in the Philippines, which is known for
its natural beauty. Every year, travelers
go there to see the scenery that surrounds Taal Volcano,
one of the most active volcanoes in the country.
It was quiet for years until January 12, 2020 when the volcano erupted. Since
then, the cities surrounding the volcano have been covered with ash and many
people are forced to leave home.
But the ash didn't stop the residents of Binan, a city that is 35 km south of Manilla, from finding
a way to help their neighbors in the towns that suffered the most from Taal. Binan Mayor Walfredo Dimaguila ordered the city residents to collect the ash and to put it in sacks (麻袋) to be sent to the state-owned factory that can produce
5,000 bricks a day to turn it into bricks
to use for rebuilding damaged
communities.
"What
we plan is to turn them into hollow blocks and bricks and sell them to
interested companies," Dimaguila
said. But he noted, the money would be donated to the people directly
affected by the volcano. "When
Batangas (the region where Taal is located) is in recovery, the
bricks can not only be used to build
schools, community halls and
livelihood centers but also help deal with ash pollution for the earth," Dimaguila said. "The misfortune of our neighbors in
Batangas is there. Let's transform
this into opportunity. "
The Philippines, located
in the Pacific "Ring of Fire: zone of fire" and part of the
typhoon belt, is a country that is
known for natural disasters like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and major
storms. But the Filipino people show their strong will and community spirit.
21．What has happened to Taal Volcano
A．It appeals to more and more visitors.
B．It becomes quieter and quieter.
C．It is completely covered with ash.
D．It has bad impacts on the locals.
22．What are people advised to do according to Walfredo Dimaguila
A．To collect volcanic ash for recycling.
B．To save sacks for factories to use.
C．To set up a factory for making bricks.
D．To build communities for people from disasters.
23．What can be inferred from Dimaguila's words in Paragraph 3
A．Companies are expected to donate money.
B．Bricks made of volcanic ash are gaining popularity.
C．Batangas people have been suffering from the volcano.
D．Turning ash into bricks does good to the earth.
24．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Taal Lake, a Destroyed Region
B．Treasure Transformed from Ash
C．The Philippines Hit by Disasters
D．Taal Volcano, a Popular Tourist Destination
【答案】21．D
22．A
23．D
24．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了由于塔阿尔火山爆发，菲律宾巴坦加斯地区遭受火山灰危害，邻区比南市施以援手将火山灰变废为宝，为巴坦加斯地区人民重建家园。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
21．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“ It was quiet for years until January 12, 2020 when the volcano erupted. Since then, the cities surrounding the volcano have been covered with ash and many people are forced to leave home.”多年来一直很安静，直到 2020 年 1 月 12 日火山爆发。 从那以后，火山周围的城市被火山灰覆盖，许多人被迫离开家园。可知，塔阿尔火山过去发生了爆发，为当地带来了严重的影响。故选 D。
22．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Binan Mayor Walfredo Dimaguila ordered the city residents to collect the ash and to put it in sacks (麻袋) to be sent to the state-owned factory that can produce 5,000 bricks a day to turn it into bricks to use for rebuilding damaged communities.”Binan市市长Walfredo Dimaguila命令该市居民收集灰烬，装入麻袋，送往日产 5000 块砖的国有工厂，将其制成砖块，用于重建受损社区。可知，Walfredo Dimaguila建议人们收集火山灰回收利用。故选 A。
23．考查推理判断。根据第三段可推断，从 Dimaguila 的话语中，可推知火山灰的重复利用帮助地球解决了火山灰污染。即把灰变成砖对地球有益。故选 D。
24．考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文报道了菲律宾人们把火山灰变废为宝。故选 B。
（2022·泸县模拟）阅读理解
Entire towns in western Germany were destroyed last week by "the flood of the century", said Susanne Scholz in Express, and the whole country is in shock. The images on TV news looked like they were coming from a tropical monsoon zone (热带季风区), not our first-world nation. Never did we think we would see our own citizens "trapped in houses on the edge of crash, in danger of being swept away by masses of water".
Days of severe rain got rivers to burst their banks in the states of Rhineland-Palatinate and North Rhine-Westphalia, and in neighboring Belgium and the Netherlands. In the small town of Sinzig, the River Ahr reached its highest level at about 23 feet, flooding a nursing home and drowning 12 disabled residents who could not flee.
Authorities have so far confirmed some 200 deaths across Germany, but hundreds more people remain missing. While authorities say it's too early to put a price tag on the damage, the images of flooded homes and electrical stations, damaged bridges, and cars crumpled (变皱) by fallen trees tell a tale of vast material loss. "The German language hardly knows any words for the damage that has been brought about," said Chancellor Angela Merkel. She praised the thousands of volunteers who came to pump out water, load sandbags, and search for survivors.
"Disaster control clearly failed," said Peter Tiede in Bild. State and local authorities responsible for evacuation (疏散) warnings relied on smartphone apps that many Germans don't have — and service was out anyway because the storms had downed the cell towers. Only old-fashioned alarms work in such emergencies, yet our few loudspeaker vans never left the stations. Public radio, meanwhile, "was playing pop music while hundreds of people were being washed away, houses collapsing, villages torn down to the ground." It's simply unforgivable. "How bad will it get when such a flood hits a major city like Cologne or Hamburg instead of villages and small towns "
25．How did the whole country react to the flood
A．They were indifferent. B．They were quite surprised.
C．They were in high spirits. D．They were well-prepared.
26．What was the direct cause of the disaster
A．Days of heavy rain. B．Failure in disaster control.
C．Old-fashioned alarms. D．Delayed Evacuation warnings.
27．What does Angela Merkel intend to say
A．The German language is limited. B．Volunteers are needed badly.
C．The damage is beyond description. D．New vocabulary should be added.
28．What can be the best title for the text
A．Authorities Should Be to Blame
B．Major Cities Are Ready for Emergency
C．Harmful Floods Raise Concerns in Germany
D．Deaths Are Confirmed in Terrible Floods
【答案】25．B
26．A
27．C
28．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了德国严重的洪涝灾害所引发的关注。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
25．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Entire towns in western Germany were destroyed last week by ‘the flood of the century', said Susanne Scholz in Express, and the whole country is in shock.”Susanne Scholz在《快报》上表示，上周，德国西部的整个城镇都被‘世纪洪水'摧毁，整个国家都处于震惊之中；以及“Never did we think we would see our own citizens ‘trapped in houses on the edge of crash, in danger of being swept away by masses of water'.”(我们从未想过我们会看到自己的公民‘被困在濒临崩溃的房子里，面临被洪水卷走的危险'。可知，整个国家对洪水感到震惊，感到意外。故选B。
26．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Days of severe rain got rivers to burst their banks in the states of Rhineland-Palatinate and North Rhine-Westphalia, and in neighboring Belgium and the Netherlands. ”连续几天的暴雨导致莱茵兰—普法尔茨州和北莱茵—威斯特伐利亚州以及邻国比利时和荷兰的河流决堤。可知，这场灾难的直接原因是连续几天的大雨。故选A。
27．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“While authorities say it's too early to put a price tag on the damage, the images of flooded homes and electrical stations, damaged bridges, and cars crumpled (变皱) by fallen trees tell a tale of vast material loss. ‘The German language hardly knows any words for the damage that has been brought about,' said Chancellor Angela Merkel. ”虽然当局说，现在对损失进行估价还为时过早，但洪水淹没的房屋和发电站、受损的桥梁以及被倒下的树木碾压的汽车，都说明了巨大的物质损失。德国总理Angela Merkel表示：“德语几乎不知道有什么词语来形容这一事件所造成的损害。”可知，这次洪灾损害非常严重，Angela Merkel的意思是说“损害是无法描述的”。故选C。
28．考查主旨大意。根据第一段“ Entire towns in western Germany were destroyed last week by ‘the flood of the century', said Susanne Scholz in Express, and the whole country is in shock. The images on TV news looked like they were coming from a tropical monsoon zone (热带季风区), not our first-world nation. Never did we think we would see our own citizens ‘trapped in houses on the edge of crash, in danger of being swept away by masses of water'.”Susanne Scholz在《快报》上表示，上周，德国西部的整个城镇都被“世纪洪水”摧毁，整个国家都处于震惊之中。电视新闻上的画面看起来像是来自热带季风地带，而不是我们的第一世界国家。我们从未想过我们会看到自己的公民“被困在濒临崩溃的房子里，面临被洪水卷走的危险”。可知，本文主要报道了德国严重的洪涝灾害所引发的关注，“德国洪涝灾害引发关注”符合主题，适合做标题。故选C。
三、任务型阅读
（2024高三上·大连模拟） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两处为多余选项。
For outdoor enthusiasts, it is crucial to be prepared for any sort of natural disaster in the open air 29． It includes what kinds of disasters may strike, and what resources should be taken on your trip.
30． Desert areas are more likely to be affected by droughts; coastal regions are more likely to see hurricanes; mountainous areas are likely to avalanches(雪崩) in winter and landslides in summer. Therefore, always do some research ahead of time to help you find right survival strategies in different conditions.
While you're planning, the essential thing to consider is the things you should pack for your trip. Any disaster that may separate you from civilization for a period of time will require you to provide your own food, water, and shelter for at least a few days 31． For disasters that may wet your equipment, flameless light sources are a must. What you bring with you should be suited to the disaster you might encounter.
Once you complete your survival plan, it's better to review it periodically. When a natural disaster strikes, you probably won't have time to go over a document or go online to seek advice. 32．
If a natural disaster strikes while you are in the wilderness, you should put your survival plan into effect immediately 33． Then contact others for help Do not wait around to see if the disaster is really that serious, do not panic, and do not easily abandon your plan.
A. But this is not always the case. B. It's also a good idea to bring light sources. C. That means having a disaster response plan. D. It's also great to consult with the specialists in person. E. Consequently, revising it frequently is strongly recommended. F. Different kinds of disasters are likely to occur in different areas. G. Stay calm, act decisively, and begin working to keep yourself alive.
【答案】29．C；30．F；31．B；32．E；33．G
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，就在自然灾害到来之前制定生存计划提出一些建议。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
29．根据空前"For outdoor enthusiasts, it is crucial to be prepared for any sort of natural disaster in the open air."对于户外运动爱好者来说，在户外为任何自然灾害做好准备是至关重要的；以及空后"It includes what kinds of disasters may strike, and what resources should be taken on your trip."它包括什么类型的灾难可能会发生，以及在你的旅行中应该带什么资源。可知，空处承上启下，针对上文提到的做好准备，应该有一个灾难应对计划，下文中则是计划的具体内容。 C. That means having a disaster response plan. "这意味着要有一个灾难应对计划"符合语境。故选C。
30．根据空后"Desert areas are more likely to be affected by droughts; coastal regions are more likely to see hurricanes; mountainous areas are likely to avalanches (雪崩) in winter and landslides in summer."沙漠地区更容易受到干旱的影响；沿海地区更容易出现飓风；山区冬季易发生雪崩，夏季易发生山体滑坡。可知，本段主要讲述了不同地区会发生不同的灾害。 F. Different kinds of disasters are likely to occur in different areas. "不同的地区可能发生不同种类的灾害"符合语境。故选F。
31．根据空前"Any disaster that may separate you from civilization for a period of time will require you to provide your own food, water, and shelter for at least a few days."任何可能将你与文明隔离一段时间的灾难将要求你提供你自己的食物，水，和至少几天的避难所。可知，空处承接上文，提出需要准备的东西；以及空后"For disasters that may wet your equipment, flameless light sources are a must."对于可能湿润你装备的灾害，无火光源是必不可少的。可知，空处提到的东西是光源， B. It's also a good idea to bring light sources. "带光源也是个好主意"符合语境。故选B。
32．根据空前"Once you complete your survival plan, it's better to review it periodically. When a natural disaster strikes, you probably won't have time to go over a document or go online to seek advice."一旦你完成了生存计划，最好定期回顾一下。当自然灾害来袭时，你可能没有时间浏览文件或上网寻求建议。可知，空处和上文形成因果关系，因为完成生存计划以后可能没有时间浏览文件或寻求建议，因此要经常修改它。E. Consequently, revising it frequently is strongly recommended."因此，强烈建议经常修改它"符合语境。故选E。
33．根据空前"If a natural disaster strikes while you are in the wilderness, you should put your survival plan into effect immediately."当你在野外时，如果自然灾害袭击了你，你应该立即实施你的生存计划。可知，空处承接上文，说明要采取果断行动，G. Stay calm, act decisively, and begin working to keep yourself alive."保持冷静，果断行动，开始努力让自己活下去"符合语境。故选G。
（2021·大庆模拟）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有项为多余选项。
Floods can strike
quickly and with little warning in many parts of the world. Surviving a flood
is a combination of preparation and appropriate action as soon as the disaster
begins. 34．
●Make a flood survival
plan.
35． Pick several meeting spots in case you need to
leave home, such as a friend's home in a safe town or a shelter in your area.
Make sure everyone in the family knows where these locations are and how to get
there. Make sure the shelters and the routes to them are through high ground
●Escape flood waters.
You may have only a
short time to escape. Act quickly, using your planned route. Head to designated
shelters during flood warnings. When emergency services tell you to leave,
listen to their instructions.
Move to higher ground
away from water. Whether you are on foot or have to abandon your car, higher
ground is your best option. If you're stuck at home, head for the roof if you
can do so safely.
Avoid crossing through
water. Water up to your ankles is enough to be dangerous. When you're in doubt
about the water depth，don't risk it. 36． Use it to measure the water's depth and feel
for stable ground.
●Follow news and
warnings.
Flooding information
can be found on your local news or weather station's TV channel or website. 37． Also, listen to local radio stations for
regular updates.
● 38．
Roads and other paths
will have been eroded. Stay off bridges. The soil under usual routes will be
muddy and less able to support the weight of vehicles. Find alternate routes
over high ground or wait for the authorities to indicate which roads are safe.
A.
Watch out for damaged areas.
B.
Protect your home during a flood.
C.
If you have to go through water, bring a stick.
D.
You should tune in to monitor changes in the weather.
E.
If your car gets stuck in water, open or break the windows.
F.
Sit down with your family to establish a plan of action.
G.
Here are some tips to help you and your family survive a flood.
【答案】34．G；35．F；36．C；37．D；38．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在洪水中生存，准备工作和行动非常重要。作者介绍了一些帮助人们在洪水中生存的建议。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
34．根据空前“Surviving a flood is a combination of preparation and appropriate action as soon as the disaster begins.” 在洪水中生存是在灾难一开始时的准备工作和适当行动两者的结合。提到在洪水中生存准备工作和行动的重要性，下文给出了具体的建议。空处应该是承上启下的句子，G. Here are some tips to help you and your family survive a flood.“这里有一些帮助你和家人在洪水中生存的建议”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。
35．根据本段小标题“ ●Make a flood survival plan. ”制定一个洪水求生计划；以及空后提到制定全家人集合的安全地点，确保全家人知道地点在哪及去的路线。F. Sit down with your family to establish a plan of action.“和你的家人坐下来制定一个行动计划”符合本段内容，引出下文。其中establish a plan和标题中Make a flood survival plan.一致，Sit down with your family和下文Make sure everyone in the family knows内容一致。故选F。
36．本段建议避免过河。根据空前“ When you're in doubt about the water depth，don't risk it. ”当你不确定水的深度时，就不要冒险；以及空后“Use it to measure the water's depth and feel for stable ground”用它来测量水的深度，并感觉地面是否稳定，说明了这样做的作用。空处应该指出正确做法，C.If you have to go through water, bring a stick.“如果你必须涉水，带一根棍子”是正确做法，符合语境，故选C。
37．根据本段小标题“ ●Follow news and warnings. ”关注新闻和警告；以及空前“Flooding information can be found on your local news or weather station's TV channel or website.”洪水信息可以在当地新闻或气象台的电视频道或网站上找到。D. You should tune in to monitor changes in the weather.“你应该收看天气预报以监视天气的变化”，符合本段内容。故选D。
38．根据空后介绍洪水中的路况隐患和安全路线如何选择，A. Watch out for damaged areas.“注意受损区域”概括了本段内容，且和其他标题句式一致，都是给我们的建议且均为祈使句。故选A。
四、书面表达
39．（2020·临汾模拟）洪水、火山爆发、地震和海啸等自然灾害经常会不期而至。面对自然灾害我们应该怎么做呢？请你根据以下要点提示以How to deal with natural
disasters为题写一篇英语短文。
1）自然灾害造成的损失惨重；
2）我们应该掌握有关自然灾害的知识并做好充分准备；当自然灾害来临时，要坚定信念，并团结一致，保持镇静，努力自救和帮助他人。
注意：①词数100左右； ②可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】How to deal with natural
disasters
Natural disasters, such as floods, volcanic
eruptions, earthquakes and tsunamis, can happen at any time. They often cause a
sad loss of life and damage. How should we deal with them
First of all, we should master rich knowledge
about natural disasters and make adequate preparations for them. Secondly, when
natural disasters really happen, we should have a firm belief and unite to
fight against them. As the old saying goes, "Many hands make light work."
Moreover, we should keep calm and try to save ourselves and help others. Only
in this way can we defeat natural disasters in the end.
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇说明文。要求以How to deal with natural disasters为题，围绕着灾害带来的损失以及我们应该做何种准备写一篇英语短文。第一步：根据提示可知，要求以How to deal with natural disasters为题，围绕着灾害带来的损失以及我们应该做何种准备写一篇英语短文。第二步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes , tsunamis, loss of, make adequate preparations等。第三步：确定文章结构，本文可以采取两段的写法，第一段陈述都有哪些自然灾害，提出在面对自然灾害时应该如何处理；第二段从三个方面来阐述面对自然灾害时所采取的行动。第四步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要用一般现在时。第五步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如： First of all, we should master rich knowledge about natural disasters and make adequate preparations for them. yunyo9ngle并列句；Secondly, when natural disasters really happen, we should have a firm belief and unite to fight against them. 运用了时间状语从句；As the old saying goes, "Many hands make light work."运用了名言警句； Moreover, we should keep calm and try to save ourselves and help others. 运用了并列句；Only in this way can we defeat natural disasters in the end.运用了倒装句。
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
