2024届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解课件(共24张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解课件(共24张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 2.8MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-18 10:41:45 | ||
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文档简介
(共24张PPT)
高三英语二轮复习
——阅读理解
临朐中学 李爱坤
By the end of the class, you will be able to:
1.summarize the important skills of solving problems in reading comprehension.
2. grasp the basic principles in setting questions.
3. enhance the ability to design similar questions through practice.
Learning Objectives
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
12. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution.
C. Its quantity. D. Its development.
① Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
② More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
Development
事实细节题
1
真题再现
Activity 1: Choose the best answer.
正确选项的特点：：通常是对原文语句的高级转化(summarize)
Variety and quantity
Distribution
张冠李戴
常见选择项的干扰方式
断章取义
张冠李戴
偷梁换柱
无中生有
以偏概全
（太绝对化）
本末倒置
13. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
③They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
正确选项的特点：原文长难句的分析与灵活转述(paraphrase)。
断章取义
断章取义
无中生有
事实细节题
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
引导宾语从句
引导非限定性定语从句，并在句中作主语
Complex Sentence—由从属连词连接的主从复合句。先找从属连词,知从句类型（定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句）,再分析主从句。抓主干,去修饰
Analyze the long and difficult sentences.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
⑤Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
引导宾语从句
段落主旨题
无中生有
偷梁换柱
无中生有
段落主旨
段首： opening sentence
段中： standout sentence
段末： closing sentence
无主题句： summarize
35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
It is key to effective communication.
B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
推理判断题
无中生有
本末倒置
无中生有
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. "The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution," said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
引导同位语从句
省略了that/which的定语从句
引导限定性定语从句，并在句中作宾语
Compound Sentence——由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的简单句。
（先找并列连词,再分析并列分句）
常见并列连词有and, but, so, or, not only... but also..., not...but ... 等。
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
not remain stable
=
dynamic
正确选项的特点：
对原文信息的低级转化
（词汇复现：同义或反义代换）
rules：1. 在长难句上设题
2. 转折连词后容易设题目
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
讲述一项研究（人类发音的变化和人类饮食习惯有关）：diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds
讲述新的研究成果（被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃较软食物的社会的语言中更为常见）
唇齿音变化的主要原因:咬合方式的变化
咬合方式变化的原因（农业的发展使食物更容易咀嚼）
进一步分析唇齿音的显著变化（“f”和“v”的使用显著增加）
总结：人类语音的变化是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。
Main idea
Supporting evidence
Conclusion
12
13
14
15
Summary
The common rules of designing reading comprehension questions
阅读理解设题
三大原则
题文同序
长难句设题
文章之后所附题目
对应文章的自然顺序
说明文、议论文的题目多依靠对长难句的分析，尤其是研究结果
语篇结构
掌握文体特征
学会分析篇章
选项设置
的特点
正确选项
干扰选项
对原文内容的低级转化（同义/反义替换）
对原文内容的高级转化（高度概括）
对原文信息的灵活转述（paraphrase）
断章取义
张冠李戴
偷梁换柱
无中生有
以偏概全（太过绝对）
本末倒置
2.根据关键词,结合命题顺序，定位原文中的信息句
(related information)
3.比对原文和选项特点,分析长难句,使用词汇复现
（rephrase, paraphrase)
1. 确定题干中的关键词（key words)
Tips to answer the questions
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
讲述一项研究（人类发音的变化和人类饮食习惯有关）：diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds
讲述新的研究成果（被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃较软食物的社会的语言中更为常见）
唇齿音变化的主要原因:咬合方式的变化
咬合方式变化的原因（农业的发展使食物更容易咀嚼）
进一步分析唇齿音的显著变化（“f”和“v”的使用显著增加）
总结：人类语音的变化是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。
Main idea
Supporting evidence
Conclusion
12
13
14
15
Activity 2: Design another two questions.
Possible questions:
1. What does paragraph 1 mainly talk about
To introduce a study about speech sounds
2. What is the reason for the change in the jaw structure of people
The development of agriculture.
3. What’s the main idea of this passage
New speech sounds now appear in many languages because of the diet-related changes in human bite.
①The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
②First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
③Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
④It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
⑤However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
⑥Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
2
迁移应用
Design two questions and their choices.
2
迁移应用
12. Why was the sugar tax introduced
A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.
C. To protect children’s health. D. To encourage research in education.
13. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
A. They turned to overseas markets. B. They raised the prices of their products.
C. They cut down on their production. D. They reduced their products’ sugar content.
14. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
A. Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks.
C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Coke.
15. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D.It upsets customers.
细节理解
细节理解
细节理解
推理判断
①The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
②First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
③Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
④It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
⑤However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
⑥Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
12
13
14
15
Reflection
By the end of the class, you will be able to:
1.summarize the important skills of solving problems in reading comprehension.
2. grasp the basic principles in setting questions.
3. enhance the ability to design similar questions through practice.
1.Analyze the questions and choices of the second passage.
2.Exchange your questions with others and answer the questions.
Homework
Thanks for Listening!
高三英语二轮复习
——阅读理解
临朐中学 李爱坤
By the end of the class, you will be able to:
1.summarize the important skills of solving problems in reading comprehension.
2. grasp the basic principles in setting questions.
3. enhance the ability to design similar questions through practice.
Learning Objectives
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
12. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution.
C. Its quantity. D. Its development.
① Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
② More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
Development
事实细节题
1
真题再现
Activity 1: Choose the best answer.
正确选项的特点：：通常是对原文语句的高级转化(summarize)
Variety and quantity
Distribution
张冠李戴
常见选择项的干扰方式
断章取义
张冠李戴
偷梁换柱
无中生有
以偏概全
（太绝对化）
本末倒置
13. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
③They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
正确选项的特点：原文长难句的分析与灵活转述(paraphrase)。
断章取义
断章取义
无中生有
事实细节题
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
引导宾语从句
引导非限定性定语从句，并在句中作主语
Complex Sentence—由从属连词连接的主从复合句。先找从属连词,知从句类型（定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句）,再分析主从句。抓主干,去修饰
Analyze the long and difficult sentences.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
⑤Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
引导宾语从句
段落主旨题
无中生有
偷梁换柱
无中生有
段落主旨
段首： opening sentence
段中： standout sentence
段末： closing sentence
无主题句： summarize
35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
It is key to effective communication.
B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
推理判断题
无中生有
本末倒置
无中生有
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. "The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution," said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
引导同位语从句
省略了that/which的定语从句
引导限定性定语从句，并在句中作宾语
Compound Sentence——由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的简单句。
（先找并列连词,再分析并列分句）
常见并列连词有and, but, so, or, not only... but also..., not...but ... 等。
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
not remain stable
=
dynamic
正确选项的特点：
对原文信息的低级转化
（词汇复现：同义或反义代换）
rules：1. 在长难句上设题
2. 转折连词后容易设题目
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
讲述一项研究（人类发音的变化和人类饮食习惯有关）：diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds
讲述新的研究成果（被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃较软食物的社会的语言中更为常见）
唇齿音变化的主要原因:咬合方式的变化
咬合方式变化的原因（农业的发展使食物更容易咀嚼）
进一步分析唇齿音的显著变化（“f”和“v”的使用显著增加）
总结：人类语音的变化是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。
Main idea
Supporting evidence
Conclusion
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Summary
The common rules of designing reading comprehension questions
阅读理解设题
三大原则
题文同序
长难句设题
文章之后所附题目
对应文章的自然顺序
说明文、议论文的题目多依靠对长难句的分析，尤其是研究结果
语篇结构
掌握文体特征
学会分析篇章
选项设置
的特点
正确选项
干扰选项
对原文内容的低级转化（同义/反义替换）
对原文内容的高级转化（高度概括）
对原文信息的灵活转述（paraphrase）
断章取义
张冠李戴
偷梁换柱
无中生有
以偏概全（太过绝对）
本末倒置
2.根据关键词,结合命题顺序，定位原文中的信息句
(related information)
3.比对原文和选项特点,分析长难句,使用词汇复现
（rephrase, paraphrase)
1. 确定题干中的关键词（key words)
Tips to answer the questions
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
讲述一项研究（人类发音的变化和人类饮食习惯有关）：diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds
讲述新的研究成果（被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃较软食物的社会的语言中更为常见）
唇齿音变化的主要原因:咬合方式的变化
咬合方式变化的原因（农业的发展使食物更容易咀嚼）
进一步分析唇齿音的显著变化（“f”和“v”的使用显著增加）
总结：人类语音的变化是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。
Main idea
Supporting evidence
Conclusion
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Activity 2: Design another two questions.
Possible questions:
1. What does paragraph 1 mainly talk about
To introduce a study about speech sounds
2. What is the reason for the change in the jaw structure of people
The development of agriculture.
3. What’s the main idea of this passage
New speech sounds now appear in many languages because of the diet-related changes in human bite.
①The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
②First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
③Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
④It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
⑤However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
⑥Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
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迁移应用
Design two questions and their choices.
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迁移应用
12. Why was the sugar tax introduced
A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.
C. To protect children’s health. D. To encourage research in education.
13. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
A. They turned to overseas markets. B. They raised the prices of their products.
C. They cut down on their production. D. They reduced their products’ sugar content.
14. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
A. Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks.
C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Coke.
15. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D.It upsets customers.
细节理解
细节理解
细节理解
推理判断
①The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
②First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
③Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
④It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
⑤However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
⑥Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
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13
14
15
Reflection
By the end of the class, you will be able to:
1.summarize the important skills of solving problems in reading comprehension.
2. grasp the basic principles in setting questions.
3. enhance the ability to design similar questions through practice.
1.Analyze the questions and choices of the second passage.
2.Exchange your questions with others and answer the questions.
Homework
Thanks for Listening!