人教版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions Reading and Thinking课件(共86张PPT)

(共86张PPT)
Unit 4
History and Traditions
Period 2
Reading and Thinking
课前自主预习
New words
kingdom n. 王国；领域
a country，state， or territory ruled by a king or queen
animal kingdom 动物界
united kingdom 联合王国(英国)
chief adj. 最重要的；最高级别的
n. (公司或机构的)首领；酋长
a leader or ruler of a people or clan
chief executive 行政长官
in chief 主要地，尤其
puzzle n. 谜；智力游戏；疑问
vt. 迷惑；使困惑
If something puzzles you，you do not understand it and feel confused.
jigsaw puzzle 七巧板；智力拼图玩具
crossword puzzle 纵横字谜游戏
nearby adj. 附近的；邻近的 adv. 在附近
near in position；not far away
currency n.通货；货币
the system of money that a country uses
foreign currency 外币
currency exchange 货币兑换；外汇兑换
military adj. 军事的；军用的
connected with soldiers or the armed forces
military training 军事训练；军训
military affairs 军事；军务
defence n. 防御；保卫
the action of defending from or resisting attack
defence forces 国防军
national defence 国防
legal adj. 法律的；合法的
connected with the law
legal protection 法律保护；合法保护
legal system 法律制度
surround vt. 围绕；包围
to be all around sth/sb
surround speaker 环绕声音箱
surround sound 环绕立体声
evidence n. 证据；证明
the facts，signs or objects that make you believe that sth is true
give evidence 作证
in evidence 明显的
achievement n. 成就；成绩；达到
a thing that sb has done successfully，especially using their own effort and skill
Outstanding achievement 业绩；杰出成就
academic achievement 学业成就；学业成绩
课文呈现
Learn about a country through its history
1 Before you read, discuss the questions in pairs.
Look at the map below.
What does it show
What is it used for
The map shows the British Isles，the islands which make up the Great Britain (England，Scotland，and Wales) and Ireland (Ireland and Northern Ireland).
It is used to show the four different
countries that make up the UK and
some of the major cities.
2 Read the text and answer the questions.
1 What are the four countries of the United Kingdom
Which two were the first to be joined together
2 According to the text，what are two chief advantages of studying the history of a country
Read a map
When you look at a map，think first about what the map shows and what the symbols mean.
1 What are the four countries of the United Kingdom
Which two were the first to be joined together
The four countries of the United Kingdom are England，Wales，Scotland and Northern Ireland. England and Wales were the first two to be joined together.
2 According to the text，what are two chief advantages of studying the history of a country
The two chief advantages of studying the history of a country are to help you understand more about the country and its traditions and to make visiting it more enjoyable.
WHAT′S IN A NAME
The United Kingdom，Great Britain，Britain，England-many people are confused by what these different names mean. So what is the difference between them，if any Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
In the 16th century，the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later，in the 18th century，the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century，the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Most people just use the shortened name：“the United Kingdom”or “the UK”. People from the UK are called“British”，which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag， known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence. However，they also have some differences. For example，England，Wales，Scotland，and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems.
They also have their own traditions，like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore，which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.
Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. The first group，the Romans，came in the first century. Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. Next，the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language， and changed the way people built houses.
The Vikings came in the eighth century，left behind lots of new vocabulary，and also the names of many locations across the UK. The last group were the Normans. They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French，so many French words slowly entered into the English language.
There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. The capital city London is a great place to start，as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore，and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK.
The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture，with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
3 Read again and sort out the information
according to the timeline.
When What happened What changed
________ Romans arrived _______________
________ Anglo-Saxons came _______________
________ Vikings came _______________
1th century
5th century
6th century
language and way houses were built
towns and roads
vocabulary and names of locations across the UK
When What happened What changed
11th century _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
16th century _______________ _______________ _______________
Normans conquered England after the Battle of Hastings
castles built, legal system changed, and new words from French introduced
Wales was joined to Kingdom of England
When What happened What changed
18th century _______________ _______________ ________________ _______________
_______________
_______________
19th century _______________ _______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
Scotland was joined to England and Wales
Ireland was added
“Kingdom of Great Britain” formed/created
“United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland” formed/created
When What happened What changed
20th century _______________ _______________ _______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
the southern part of Ireland broke away
name changed to “United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”
4 Complete the conversation about the UK using
the phrases in their correct forms.
as well as belong to add to join to
break away keep your eyes open
A：I can never remember what the UK means!
There′s England， Britain，_________ Great Britain!
B：Well，it helps if you remember that there are four
countries that ___________ the UK.
That′s why it′s called the United Kingdom.
as well as
belong to
as well as belong to add to join to
break away keep your eyes open
A：Four countries I must have been asleep in that part of
our history class! So the first country was England，and
the others were __________ that
B：Yes，right，First England，then Wales，then Scotland，
The last country was Ireland，but later the southern half
didn′t want to be ___________ the United Kingdom.
added to
joined to
as well as belong to add to join to
break away keep your eyes open
A：Oh，I remember now! The southern part ___________
from Northern Ireland，right
B：Yes，you got it well remembered!
But __________________ in history class next time!
keep your eyes open
broke away
5 Discuss the questions in groups.
1 Why is it important to study the history and culture of a
country before visiting it
2 What important things should visitors know about before
they come to China
1 Why is it important to study the history and culture of a
country before visiting it
Studying a country′s history and culture before visiting it is important because it will help you understand the place better and have a more enjoyable experience.
2 What important things should visitors know about before
they come to China
Visitors to China should know something about the history of the country and about the cultural traditions of the area being visited，such as the food eaten，or the festivals celebrated there.
考点精讲
1. puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问
vt. 迷惑；使困惑
Eg. Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle．
了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。
(1) be in a puzzle 感到困惑
be a puzzle to sb． 对某人来说是个谜
(2) puzzle about/over 苦苦思考
(3) puzzled adj． 困惑的，迷惑不解的
puzzling adj． 令人迷惑不解的
① What puzzled me was how the accident could have
happened．
令我感到困惑的这个事故是怎么发生的。
② I′m in a puzzle as to how to get along with him．
对如何和他相处使我感到困惑。
既学既练
① You must have been troubled by when to say “I love
you” because it is one of the greatest ___________
(puzzle) in our life．
② Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle _______ me．
——单句语法填空
puzzles
to
③ These scientists have been puzzling ___________ how
to solve the environmental problem．
④ The ___________ look on her face suggested she was
__________ over the __________ maths problem．
(puzzle)
about/over
puzzled
puzzling
puzzling
2. join...to... 把…和…连接或联结起来
Eg. In the 16th century，the nearby country of Wales was
joined to the Kingdom of England．
16世纪，附近的威尔士并入英格兰王国。
(1) join the army/club 参军/加入俱乐部
join in 参加(比赛、活动等)
(2) connect···with··· 把···和···联系起来
① The island，joined to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go．
岛上有一座桥与大陆相连，去那里很方便.
② People all over the world usually connect China with silk and good food．
世界各地的人们通常把中国与丝绸和美食联系在一起.
链接写作
——完成句子
① It is said that more than two hundred students have ______________________ (参加讨论)．
② As far as I know，it is five years since he________ ____________________ (参军)．
joined in the discussion
joined the army
3. break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
Eg. Finally，in the 20th century， the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland．
最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，这导致了我们今天有的英国的全名：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
break down 损坏；发生故障；分解；累垮
break into 破门而入
break out (战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生
break up 结束；破裂
① However，the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government．
然而，爱尔兰的南部不愿意组建联合王国，它分离出去并建立了自己的政府。
② It took great courage to break away from his family at that time．
在那时与家庭决裂需要勇气。
既学既练
① If you go on working like that，you will ____________
sooner or later．
② A fire ____________ in this hotel last night and three
people were killed．
——用break的相关短语填空
break down
broke out
③ With so many problems unsettled，a few countries
wanted to _________________the Union．
④ In my opinion，marriage based on money is likely to
__________．
break away from
break up
4. belong to 属于
Eg. The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom
work together in some areas．
属于英国的四个国家在某些领域进行合作。
(1) belong to　　
表示“属于”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态
(2) belongings n． 财产，所有物
① No matter what happens，Taiwan belongs to China．
不论发生什么事情，台湾都属于中国。
② Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the
future belongs to the well -educated．
威廉姆教授一直告诫他的学生们未来属于受过良好教育的人。
既学既练
①As is known to us，China is a country ________ (belong) to the third world．
②My friend will help you move your __________ (belong) to your new house．
——单句语法填空
belonging
belongings
——完成句子
链接写作
③剪纸有1 500多年的历史，属于中国的传统艺术。
Paper cutting has a history of over 1，500 years，__________________ traditional art in China．
which belongs to
温馨提示
belong to中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为“···belonging to”。
Eg. In defence of our motherland，a large number of
people lost their lives．
为了保卫我们的祖国，许多人失去了生命。
5. defence n．防御；保卫
(1) in defence (of···)　　 为了保卫(···)
(2) defend vt． 保护；保卫；为···辩护
defend···from/against··· 防御；保卫···以免受···
① All the people were fighting against the flood in defence
of their own homes．
为了保卫自己的家园，所有的人都在与洪水作斗争。
② He has employed one of the U．K．′s top lawyers to
defend him．
他请了英国一位顶尖律师为他辩护。
既学既练
① Some think that students should be trained ___________
(defend) themselves against some attacks．
② The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died in
___________ (defend) of their country．
③ When a dog attacked me, I picked up a stick to defend
___________ (I)．
——单句语法填空
to defend
defence
myself
Eg. Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history．
几乎无论你走到英国的任何地方，你都会发现历史上有四种不同的人在不同的时期统治过英国。
6. surround　 vt. 围绕；包围
(1) surround···with··· 用…包围…
be surrounded with/by··· 被…包围/环绕
(2) surrounding adj． 周围的；附近的
(3) surroundings n． 环境；周边事物(复数)
① The professor likes to surround himself with his students．
那位教授喜欢和他的学生们在一起。
② The small village is surrounded with green mountains and clear rivers, attracting visitors from every corner．
青山绿水环抱着村寨，吸引着各方来客。
既学既练
① _____________ (surround) by the forest，the village
looks very beautiful．
② Living in beautiful and comfortable ______________
(surround)，we feel very happy．
③ They all went out to look for the lost child in the
_____________ (surround) villages．
——单句语法填空
Surrounded
surroundings
surrounding
7. evidence　n．证据；证明
Eg. There is now convincing evidence that smoking causes lung cancer．
现在有令人信服的证据证明吸烟导致肺癌。
(1) There is some evidence that··· 有证据证明···
(2) evident adj． 明显的，明白的
It′s evident that··· 很明显···
① Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to many diseases．
现代科学对吸烟能导致多种疾病已经给出了明确的证据。
② It is evident that the man is highly thought of in the company．
很显然，这个人在公司里受到高度评价。
有证据显示，进行户外活动对我们有好处。
_____________________________ outdoor activities are good for us．
——完成句子
链接写作
There′s some evidence that
8. achievement　n．成就；成绩；达到
Eg. Some of their great achievements included building
towns and roads．
他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和道路。
(1) a sense of achievement 成就感
make an achievement 取得成就
(2) achieve vt． 完成；达到 vi. 成功
achieve one′s goal 达到目标
① Even a small success can give you a sense of achievement．
即便是小小的成功也能给你一种成就感。
② His laziness makes it impossible for him to achieve his goal．
他的懒惰使他不可能达到目标。
既学既练
① The woman scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics for those great _______________ (achieve) made by her．
② We′ve had a good start，but more work needs to be done ___________ (achieve) the final success．
——单句语法填空
achievements
to achieve
句型精析
Eg. So what is the difference between them，if any
如果有的话，那么它们之间有什么区别呢？
1. if 条件状语从句的省略形式
if any 如果有的话
if so 如果这样的话
if not 如果不这样的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话
if possible 如果有可能的话
① There maybe some mistakes in my composition．If any，please help me point them out．
我的作文可能有些错误。如果有的话，请帮我指出来。
② Did you cheat in the exam If so，you won′t get away with it．
你在考试中作弊了吗？如果这样的话，你将不会逃脱惩罚。
——完成句子
链接写作
我是李华，我想知道周末你是否有空。如果有空咱们面谈有关餐桌礼仪的问题。
I′m Li Hua．I′m wondering if you are available at the weekend．_______________________________________________ table manners．
If so，let′s have a face to face talk about
2. as well as 既…又…，连接并列成分
Eg. They use the same flag， known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence．
他们使用同一面国旗，也就是英国国旗，也拥有同样的货币和国防。
(1) known as the Union Jack 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词flag；
(2) as well as 既…又…，可连接两个平行结构。动词形式与as well as之前的主语一致；
(3) as well as 连接并列主语时谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
① Yang Liwei，known as the first Chinese astronaut to go to space，is regarded as a national hero．　
杨利伟，作为中国第一个进入太空的宇航员，被认为是国家英雄。
② My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing．
我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。
既学既练
——单句语法填空
① Great scientific achievements will have a positive effect on our life as ___________ as society．
② Amy，as well as her brothers， ___________ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week．
well
was given
3. the way 后省略 that/in which 的定语从句
Eg. They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way people built houses．
他们介绍了英语的起源，改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
(1) 句中定语从句people built houses修饰先行词the way，其前省略了关系词that/in which；
(2) the way作先行词，如果在定语从句中作主语，引导词为that/which且不能省略；
(3) the way作先行词，如果在定语从句中作宾语，引导词为that/which且可以省略。
① The students didn′t understand the way (that/in which) the maths teacher solved the problem．
学生们没有理解数学老师解答该题的方法。
② I′d like to settle the problem in a way which/that is peaceful．
我想用和平的方法解决这个问题。
——完成句子
链接写作
我不喜欢她跟你讲话的方式。
①I don′t like ____________________________ you．
②I don′t like ____________________________ you．
(in which引导的定语从句)
③I don′t like ____________________________ you．
(that引导的定语从句)
the way she speaks to
the way in which she speaks to
the way that she speaks to
本课结束
This lesson is over
THANKS!