专题01 语法填空查缺补漏
·模块一 2021-2023年秋季高考真题特训
·模块二 谓语/非谓语
·模块三 介词
·模块四 连词
·模块五 代词
·模块六 2024届上海四校八校模考特训
2021年6月秋季高考真题
The Spread of Disease
Traveling from one city to another can lead to the spread of disease. When people arrive in a new place , they may bring in bacteria that ( 21)__________( not be) present in the past. The people there have no natural protection ( 22) __________these new bacteria, so they catch the disease more easily. (23)________ it is unfamiliar, health workers may not identify it or stop it from spreading. People with the disease may continue to have contact with others. In this way, the bacteria travel from person to person through the population. This was ( 24 )__________happened, for example, when soldiers travelled back home at the end of the First World War. These soldiers brought with them the Spanish flu, and ( 25 )________cost millions of lives.
Heating and cooling systems in buildings can also be a source of disease. Take old air conditioners in windows as an example. They tend to collect dirt and water, which makes it easy for bacteria (26)_____( grow). Then when the air-conditioner ( 27 )_________(turn) on, the bacteria will be blown into the home or office and make people sick. Bacteria grow fast in the water of the cooling towers. They are then sent throughout the building with the air conditioning and can affect anyone in the building. Scientists first recognized this problem in July 1976, by (28)_________ time 221 people had become seriously ill..
Pollution of the oceans can also be a factor in spreading disease. The pollution may be caused by fertilizers that wash into rivers and then into the ocean, or by human waste (29) _________ ( dump ) directly into the ocean with no processing. These pollutants result in the increased growth of tiny plants that are called algae (海藻). They can form a thick mass in the water, (30) __________( provide ) a perfect environment for cholera , a fatal disease.
【答案】21.were not 22.against 23. Because/ Since/ As 24. what 25. it/ that
to grow 27. is tuned 28. which 29. dumped 30. providing
【答案详解】
were not
【解析】考查一般过去时的否定结构。根据句子结构分析，该空所处句子结构为定语从句，修饰 bacteria，但是bacteria 为名词复数形式(类似data)，又根据此处的时间状语 in the past 可知，此处需要填入一般过去时态，且该句为陈述句，故此处填入 were not。此题作为新高考英语的创新型试题，考查同学们语篇语境下的语法应用能力。Be作为助动词，其与后面的表语一起构成谓语结构。
22.against
【解析】考查介词。结合该空前后的相关内容，可推知，此处想要表达的是“人们没有对抗细菌的天然保护，所以更容易感染这种疾病”，再结合句子结构，此处短语作后置定语修饰protection，而 against 有“反对”之意，符合句意，故此处填入 against。
23.Because/ Since/ As
【解析】考查原因状语从句。结合下文可知，该句下文讲述的是相关结果，即推知前文在讲述原因。再结合句子结构分析，该空所在句子结构完整，且与主句用逗号隔开，即此处为状语从句，故此处填入 Because/ Since/As 引导原因状语从句。
24.what
【解析】考查表语从句。根据句子结构分析，此处为表语从句，且该空在从句中做主语。再结合下文例子，此处在讲述某件事，因此可确定此处考查固定搭配 what happened， 故此处填入 what。
25. it/that
【解析】考查代词。根据句子结构分析，该句中缺少主语，又结合上文内容推知。该空处指代的是上文提及的 the Spanish flu，故此处填入代词it/that。
26.to grow
【解析】考查动词不定式。根期从句的谓语动间 makes 判定此处非讲语结构。而且根糖句子结构分析，此处考查固定搭配 make itradj to do sth意为“使某事助的怎么样"，故此处填入to grow。
27.is turned
【解析】考查一般现在时的被动。根据相关句意分析，可知此处的空调是“被打开”，即需要填入动词的被动语态，又因为该空前 the air-conditioner 的提示，可知从句中的主语用的是单数形式，故此处填入 is tuned。
28. which
【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。根据句子结构分析，可知该空所在句子为非限制性定语，修饰上旬所述相关情况，再结合句意分析，此处主要强调的是相关的时间，又因为该空前有介词 by，故需要用 by which 代替 when 充当引导词，故此处填入 which。
29. dumped
【解析】 考查过去分词。根据主句谓语动词 may be caused 以及or 引导的并列状语，判定空格处的动词为非谓语动词。而且句子结构分析，该空处做后置定语修饰 human waste，再结合上文内容推知，此处想要表达的是“未经加工直接被倾倒到海洋中的人类废弃物”，即此处需要填入动词的过去分词形式，故此处填入 dumped。
30. providing
【解析】考查现在分词。根据句子的谓语动词 can form 判定空格处的动词为非谓语结构,在从句子结构分析，该空构成分词短语作状语,再根据相关句意分析,此处想表述的是“它们可以在水中形成厚厚的团块，为霍乱这种致命疾病提供一个完美的环境”，即此处需要填入动同的现在分词，故此处填入 providing
2022年6月秋季高考真题
How to Start a New Business
An entrepreneur is a person who creates, launches, and begins a new business, typically in response to a market demand that has not been met Entrepreneurs are often imaginative,self motivated individuals who develop full time, successful, and sustainable businesses. Successful entrepreneurs frequently have relevant insights, expertise, and advice they may offer aspiring entrepreneurs to and (21)________ on their respective paths. Interviewing entrepreneurs might provide insight into the steps they took(22) ________(achieve) success. Here is the interview of entrepreneur related questions, and you will find more preparations for it.
Question: How would you describe an entrepreneur
Answer: An individual who establishes and expands their own company through innovative strategies(23)______(know) as an entrepreneur During the expansion of their companies:
Entrepreneurs are responsible for several important tasks in addition to cash generation. An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society(24) ________ (develop)an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm Suppose a business idea does not center on producing a product that fills a gap in the(25) ______ (exist) market. In that case, it most often centers on applying technical advancements to simplify the process of obtaining a product or service.
Question: How do entrepreneurs identify business prospects
Answer:Entrepreneurs routinely seek chances to expand or increase their company revenues. They determine which product to include and which market to enter. An entrepreneur should listen to prospective customers and look for chances to build items that meet their demands. An entrepreneur can determine (26) __________ other businesses in the area are doing and how they succeed by conducting a competitive analysis. This technique may involve conducting a physical survey or reading industry specific materials Conversations with consumers also facilitate the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences, (27) ________they may use to enhance a firm
Question:What makes an entrepreneur successful
Answer:(28) _________an entrepreneur, you are both your manager and the manager of others. To achieve success, you must possess a wide range of abilities An entrepreneur must be able to manage people,a budget, operations, and in certain cases, investors. It necessitates a work style (29)________ (characterize) by multitasking and planning for the firm's short and long term goals(30) _______successful entrepreneur must be able to spend his time wisely, regularly analyzing and prioritizing projects based on their relevance and significance. It includes engaging in short and long-term planning, economic forecasts, and market research.
【答案】
21 them 22 to achieve 23 is known 24 develops
existing 26 what 27 which 28 As 29 characterized 30 A
【解析】
21.them
考查代词作宾语。根据句子结构，这里说的是成功的企业家为有抱负的企业家提供建议，因此此处要帮助的人(宾语)指的就是有抱负的企业家们，即 aspiring entrepreneurs，所以应填入人称代词宾格，且表复数，故填入them。句意:成功的企业家通常有相关的见解、专业知识和建议，他们可以为有抱负的企业家提供帮助，帮助他们走上各自的道路。
22 to achieve
【解析】考查动词不定式作目的状语。根据句子结构，企业家所采取的步骤是为了获得成功，所以这里应用动词不定式表目的。而且根据句子的谓语动词 might provide判定空格处的动词为非谓语动词。故填入to achieve。句意:采访企业家可能会让你了解他们取得成功所采取的步骤。
23.is known
【解析】考查一般现在时的被动。结合问题"How Would You Describe An Entrepreneur (你如何描述企业家 )"可知这个回答是在为企业家下定义，此处应为固定搭配“be known as”(被称为:被认为是...)，根据“An individual"可知此处的be动词是单数的，文章的时态为一般现在时，而且根据句子主语 individual后的 who 引导的定语从句，空格处的动词为谓语动词。故填入 is known。句意:通过创新战略建立并扩大自己公司的人被称为企业家。
24.develops
【解析】考查一般现在时。此句的主语是 An entrepreneur，该空是一个谓语动词,且与前面的 perceives 并列，时态还是一般现在时，故填入 develops。句意:企业家在他们的社会中发现了商业需求，发展出了一个商业想法，然后主动创办了自己的公司。此空的陷阴主谱后面的空格处动词，惯性思维理解为非谓语结构。实际这个句子看完才发现是并列谓语结构。此题的失分较多，很多同学们会填写 developing:事实上是 develops
25.existing
【解析】考查先分词作定语。根据句子结构可知,此处应用形容间修饰名词 market,而且从句子的谓语动词 does not center 也推测空格处动词需要填写非谓语动词,故填入existing(现存的，现行的)。句意:假设一个商业想法的中心不是生产填补现有市场空白的产品。
26.what
【解析】考查宾语从句。该段回答的问题是“企业家如何识别商业前景”，根据后面的"how they succeed(他们是如何成功的)”可以推测出这里要表达的意思是“其他企业在做什么"，故填入what。句意:企业家可以通过进行竞争分析来确定该地区的其他企业在做什么以及他们是如何成功的。
27 which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此处考查的是定语从句，their frustrations and negative experiences 在后面的从句中作宾语，属于事物，故填入which。句意:与消费者的对话也有助于识别他们的沮丧和负面体验，他们可能会利用这些来增强公司。
28.As
【解析】考查介词,此处回答的问题是“是什么让企业家成功”,后面的 you are both your manager and the manager of others.是个完整的句子，an entrepreneur 为名词。结合语境，此处要表达的意思应是“作为一名企业家”，故填入 As。句意:作为一名企业家，你既是自己的管理者，也是他人的管理者。
29.characterized
【解析】考查过去分词作后置定语，根据句子的谓语动词necessitates 判定空格处的提示动词为非谓语动词结构，而且由"by”可知，此处应用过去分词修饰名词词组a work style，此处实际上是一个定酒从句.which is characterized by multitasking and planning: 省略了 which is，故填入characterized。句意:它需要种多任务处理和为公司的短期和长期目标规划的工作风格。
30.A
【解析】考查不定冠词。这里的entrepreneur为可数名词单数，应用不定冠词a修饰，故填入A。句意:一个成功的企业家必须能够明智地利用他的时间，有规律地根据项目的相关性和重要性分析和排序。
2023年1月春季高考真题
Young Enterprise
Young Enterprise is an organization that makes serious efforts to teach all types of young people the general principles of running a business
(21) __________( originate ) in the United States of America, the idea of Young Enterprise was introduced into Britain by a successful banker.(22)__________ it developed slowly in its early years, the organization grew rapidly later. Young Enterprise is now backed by industry and commerce, so that today young people throughout the United Kingdom can participate.
A participant in Young Enterprise is known as an Achiever. Young Enterprise primarily meets the needs of young people ( 23 )__________ are still at school, giving them an understanding of industry and the opportunities it may offer them in the future. But it is usually possible (24 )__________ ( include ) young people in the same age group who have left school but have not yet started work.
An Adviser is a practicing business executive (管理人员) with an expert knowledge of his own field who volunteers to keep a Young Enterprise company during its trading year.(25)__________counts for Advisers is an ability to get on with young people and to put across the subject. As the name(26)__________ (imply), Advisers are there to advise: they do not run the companies.
Normally, three Advisers-one on accountancy, one on production and one on marketing,(27)__________ ( be ) available to each company. Young Enterprise makes (28)__________ a rule that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations.
A Sponsor,(29)__________ (reward) only by the success of the enterprise of "its" Achievers, is an organization which participates in Young Enterprise and,(30 )__________ its own expense, provides facilities by making available communications,advice and encouragement.
【答案】
21. Originating 22. Although/Though/While 23. who/that 24. to include 25. What
26. implies 27. are/will be/have been 28. it 29. rewarded 30. at
【解析】
【导读】文章主要讲述Young Enterprise是一个教育组织，旨在教导年轻人经营企业的基本原则。它起源于美国，在英国得到了广泛支持。参与者被称为"Achievers"，他们可以是在校学生或已离校但未开始工作的年轻人。每个Young Enterprise公司都有顾问来指导他们，顾问必须具备相关商业经验。赞助商提供支持并根据企业的成功获得回报。
【详解】
Originating 考查现在分词 "originate"是“起源于……”，非谓语动词的现在分词形式，修饰"the idea of Young Enterprise"，表示Young Enterprise的想法起源于美国。
22. Although/Though/While 考查让步状语从句。"although/though/while"表示让步关系，引导让步状语从句，意为"尽管"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。
23. who/that 考查定语从句。这里使用关系代词作为介绍young people的定语从句，修饰"young people"，指代"young people"，做主语，指人，可以使用"who/that"。
24. to include 考查动词不定式。"to include"根据句子结构，空格前的谓语动词is。判定此处为非谓语动词，而且结合句子结构It is加形容词加to do something.故填入动词不定式to include. 句意：但通常可以将同一年龄段的年轻人包括在内，他们已经离开学校，但尚未开始工作。
25. What 考查名词从句。这里使用名词从句"What counts for Advisers"引导一个主语从句，意为"对于顾问来说，重要的是……"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。
26. implies 考查一般现在时。根据句子结构和语境，这里用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式"implies"，表示"意味着"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。
27. are/will be/have been 考查时态。根据句子结构，主语three Advisers后面的破折号是解释说明，判定空格处动词be是句子的谓语部分，再结合句意可知此处为主系表结构，而且“be available to”表示“可用于……，……可利用或得到的”，Advisers是复数，故填入are/will be/ have been。句意：通常，每家公司都有三名顾问，一名会计顾问、一名生产顾问和一名营销顾问。
28.it 考查代词。 "it"是代词，作为形式宾语代替后面that从句。真正宾语是"that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations"。
29. rewarded 考查过去分词。"rewarded"是过去分词作后置定语，修饰"Sponsor"，表示"被奖励"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。
30. 考查介词（at the expense...），构成介词短语"at its own expense"，表示"以自己的费用"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。
一．判断是做谓语还是非谓语：
按照“一句一个主谓结构”的原则。句子，非谓语。句子，连词+句子。要看是否有连词连接。
谓语要考虑时态和语态
掌握每一种时态的时间标志词
注意并列成分
看句意确定主动还是被动
非谓语要考虑用to do, doing 还是done
to do : 动作未发生或表目的
doing: 主动或正在进行
done: 被动或完成
【例题精讲】
The penguin slipped down the slide on his stomach, bottom first, she said. He resurfaced about 6 feet from the boat, (24)________ (take) a look up at the people aboard, and then disappeared beneath the surface.
【答案】 took
【解析】从and then可用看出来，这里是三个过去的动作（resurfaced, took, disappeared）并列，都是做谓语。
Yet Lee, despite his disadvantages of both numbers and position, did not retreat. Instead, he moved his troops into position to attack. Union soldiers who tried to warn Hooker that Lee was on the offensive (29) _______ (dismiss) as cowards.
【答案】 were dismissed
【解析】who tried to warn Hooker that Lee was on the offensive是定语从句，先行词是Union soldiers,所以这个句子缺谓语，所以dismiss做谓语，根据句意，用一般过去时的被动。
3. It can take time—and sometimes it does not work—for new plant varieties (29) _____ (breed) for commercial use.
【答案】 to be bred
【解析】根据句意，for在这里作介词使用，意思是对于，所以后面是短语，breed作非谓语。前面说新的植物种类，所以是还未被培育的。不定式表动作未发生。
【知识梳理】
掌握表示时间、地点、方式、所属关系的介词用法和常用的介词短语；
了解分词介词的使用，如concerning, regarding, considering, including, given等。
当空格后的名词在句中不是作主语，表语或动词宾语时，选填介词；
注意固定搭配常为介词考查主要内容依据，同时要结合上下文语义理解。
两空常填介词
表原因：because of/ due to/ owing to/thanks to/ out of
表让步：regardless of
表相反：instead of
表除了：except for / other than/ apart from
三空常填介词
表让步：in spite of
表并列：in addition to
【例题精讲】
In the past, the U.S. and others have supported listing other shark species under CITES, but not so in this case, (26) ______ commercial interests.
【答案】 with/for
【解析】用with表示有；for表示为了，都可以。
When over a foot of fresh snow falls, experts know to be on the lookout for avalanches. Explosives can be used in places (26) ____________ massive snow buildups to trigger much smaller avalanches that don’t pose a danger to persons or property.
【答案】with
【解析】根据句意，炸药能够被用在有大量的雪形成的地方，有------用with.
Whether or not you try to limit yourself (24)______ one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world's coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice.
【答案】to
【解析】把---限制在-----，用limit-----to ------ ,这是固定搭配。
【知识梳理】
连词分为并列连词和从属连词
从属连词考察三大从句（定语从句，名词性从句和状语从句）的关系词
掌握强调结构的使用规则；理解完全倒装和部分倒装的构成规则；知晓省略、插入语的使用
定语从句关系词的选择方法：
先判断从句是否缺主语或宾语。缺主语的话，先行词指人，用that, who(m); 先行词指物，用that, which.
从句不缺主语或宾语，先行词指时间，用when; 先行词指地点，用where；先行词指原因，用why.
另外注意as和whose的语法。
名词性关系词的选择方法：
从句缺主语或宾语，指物用what, 指人用who(m)。
从句意思很完整，什么都不缺，用that.
根据意思，缺什么就用什么。比如why, when, where, when, whether, which, how等。
状语从句分为9种，主要是根据逻辑关系来判断连词。
【例题精讲】
They could prove ___30___ an unmarked device is yours. So, sure, your phone is pretty germy. Does that inspire you, or does it just bother you
【答案】that
【解析】prove后接的是宾语从句，从句不缺任何成分,意思很完整，所以填that.
Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea (23) they’re paying for Facebook, because people don’t really know what their personal details are worth.
【答案】what
【解析】Idea 后接的是同位语从句，先行词是idea,同位语从句缺pay的宾语，所以用what.
It has been 44 years (26)________ an emperor penguin was last spotted in the wild in New Zealand.
【答案】since
【解析】这里是since引导的时间状语从句，It is/has been +时间段since +一般过去时的句子。意思是自从-----到现在，已经有多长时间了。
【知识梳理】
代词会考察人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词和指示代词；
注意it在句中作形式主语和形式宾语。
代词判断方法：
首先找出代词所指代的名词，根据其在句中所充当的成分确定用哪个代词。如果空格后是名词，就应该考虑空格处是否用物主代词(my, your, his等)、指示代词(this, that等)、不定代词(few, little, many, much, all, each, every, both, neither, other, one, none, nothing等)、名词所有格或形容词等进行修饰；如果空格前是动词 , 就应考虑用人称代词和反身代词。
【例题精讲】
The only parts I didn’t fully enjoy were (26)________ in which the author suffered horribly. After just three hours of training camp, he fainted weakly into the arms of a soldier.
【答案】those
【解析】were后面是表语，in which 后面是句子。所以in前面缺名词或代词作先行词。此题是语法填空题，所以选代词。根据句意填those那些。
What would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste and goodness but with little or (23) _____ of the caffeine has been found.
【答案】 none
【解析】根据句意，令人惬意的是：茶树提供各种味道和好处，但是几乎没有或没有咖啡因被发现。此空需要填一个代词和little并列，在根据意思填none.
The artist explained that he does not want people to focus completely on the techniques involved in his pieces. “I want them to think about the work and (27) __________ I’m actually drawing,” he said, “I prefer to study the internal aspect of the subject rather than focus solely on the external part.”
【答案】what(ever)/ all/ everything/something
【解析】根据句意，此空一个填代词和work这个名词并列，根据句意，what(ever)/ all/ everything/something
都是可用的。
（23-24高三上·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Several years ago, a co-worker invited me over for a classic social tradition: a game night. I don’t like board games. When I’m hanging out with others, I much prefer the free flow of conversation 1 the structure of competition. 2 someone starts explaining the game rules, my brain tends to involuntarily tune out, a defense mechanism against unwanted and useless information.
So obviously, eager to make new friends. I told my co-work I was in.
The evening was disappointing. An alarmingly complex game was first explained and then repeated, upon my request. I 3 (assure) that I’d “get it after a couple of rounds,” which never happened. I was so bad that I was ruining everyone eles’s experience with my unpredictable plays and constant need 4 (remind) of what was happening.
5 these people kindly became my friends anyway, I was never invited back to another game night. “We just know you’re not really a game person, ” one of them later told me, eyes 6 (slide) sideward.
Not being a game person nowadays can make one feel like an exception. Board games, which in 2021 were a $13. 4 billion global market, are surging in popularity. There are people who love socializing through games in every town, 7 makes my resistance to them feel unacceptable. Maybe, I thought, I was missing 8 about the social value of games. Games can reveal people’s core qualities: how they react when they’re stressed, how they cooperate in a team, or how they behave when they win or lose.
However, I still have a general sense 9 they’re a silly way to pass time. When I think about the leisure activities I “indulge” in, such as cycling, they tend to have bonus benefits. Through cycling, my friends and I can share experiences that simulate the variable conditions of life: joy and pain, uncertainty and achievement. We can all reap rewards from bonding through playful activities: 10 we see as play just varies. I get that now. But to be clear, there’s still no need to invite me to your game night.
【答案】
1．to 2．The moment 3．was assured 4．to be reminded 5．Although 6．sliding 7．which 8．something 9．that 10．what
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了几年前，一位同事邀请作者参加一个经典的社交传统：“游戏之夜”的故事。
1．考查介词。句意：当我和别人出去玩的时候，我更喜欢自由的对话，而不是竞争的结构。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语prefer sth to sth“喜欢某事胜过某事”，所以此处为介词to的填入。故填to。
2．考查连词。句意：当有人开始解释游戏规则时，我的大脑往往会不由自主地关闭，这是一种防御机制，可以抵御不必要和无用的信息。分析句子可知，此处为连词The moment表示“一……就……”引导的时间状语从句，满足句意要求。故填The moment。
3．考查动词时态和语态。句意：有人向我保证，我“几轮之后就会得到它”，但这从未发生过。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，主语I和动词assure为被动关系，表示“我被使确信”，结合上下文时态可知，此处应为陈述过去发生的事情，所以为一般过去时的被动语态结构。故填was assured。
4．考查动词不定式的被动语态结构。句意：我太糟糕了，因为我的不可预测的表演和不断需要被提醒发生了什么，我破坏了其他人的体验。分析句子可知，此处为动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词短语unpredictable plays and constant need，表示“将要做的事情”，unpredictable plays and constant need和动词remind为被动关系，所以为动词不定式的被动语态结构。故填to be reminded。
5．考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管这些人友善地成为了我的朋友，但我再也没有被邀请参加另一个游戏之夜。分析句子可知，此处为连词Although表示“尽管”引导的让步状语从句，满足句意要求。故填Although。
6．考查独立主格结构。句意：我们只知道你不是一个真正的游戏爱好者，其中一人后来告诉我，眼睛移向一边。分析句子可知，此处为独立主格结构，此处动词应为非谓语形式，eyes和slide为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填sliding。
7．考查定语从句。句意：每个城镇都有喜欢通过游戏进行社交的人，这让我觉得无法接受他们的抵制。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话在从句中作主语成分。故填which。
8．考查代词。句意：我想，也许我忽略了游戏的社交价值。根据句意以及空后about介词可知，此处为代词something表示“一些事情”，构成something about“一些关于”，满足句意要求。故填something。
9．考查同位语从句。句意：然而，我仍然觉得它们是一种消磨时间的愚蠢方式。分析句子可知，此处为that引导的同位语从句，对先行词sense的解释和说明。故填that。
10．考查主语从句。句意：我们所看到的游戏只是不同的。分析句子可知，we see as play是主语从句，该主语从句缺少宾语，所以应该用连接代词what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作宾语成分，意为“……的事物”。故填what。
（23-24高三下·上海·开学考试）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Round table
The most affectionate memory of my childhood is about 11 round table.
When I was still little, my entire family would reunite on almost every traditional festival to have dinner. While the grown-ups were discussing about something 12 our comprehension, we kids would be scuttling around or even crouching under the table to play hide and seek.
When I got a bit older, my aunt brought back her boyfriend, a tall and shy man, and my grandma joyfully added another seat to the round table. It seemed a little bit 13 (crowded), but we all felt closer to this new family member.
When I was 12, my grandpa passed away because of cancer, but when the entire family reunite once again, his chair, his bowl and his chopsticks remain the same. 14 his seat was empty, it felt like that he had never left us.
We all have a table like this in our homes, which is a symbol of the reunion of our families, 15 (represent) our sentiment and attachment to our families. As a matter of fact, in China, almost everything can be solved over a round table. The marriage vows between a loving couple, the mourning of the deceased, the negotiations between business partners and a state banquet to another president from another country 16 all happen on a same round table. So I started to wonder 17 is this round table to us and its true significance starts to unfold in front of me.
The food on the table may change with time; the people sitting beside it may come and go; the reasons why we come together may be various, but the sensation behind it remains, year after year, the same.
Every year, an annual epic migration takes place in China. Hundreds of people, men and women, young and old, the rich and the poor, the dead and the alive, will find a way to go back home and go to the round table 18 (reunite) with their families.
The power that drives him to do so has been a power that has been sustaining Chinese civilization for thousands of years. And the lives of us, or even the history of our nation have been the stories of looking for a running to the round table 19 we belong. The round table 20 (be) a symbol of the Chinese sensation. It was. It is. And it will always be.
【答案】
11．a 12．beyond 13．more crowded 14．Even if/Even though 15．representing 16．can 17．what 18．to reunite/to be reunited 19．to which 20．has been
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者对于中国家庭中象征团聚的圆桌的看法。
11．考查冠词。句意：我童年最深情的记忆是关于一张圆桌。此处table为泛指，且round是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
12．考查介词。句意：当大人们在讨论一些我们无法理解的事情时，我们这些孩子会跑来跑去，甚至蹲在桌子底下玩捉迷藏。表示“无法理解”短语为beyond one’s comprehension。故填beyond。
13．考查比较级。句意：它似乎有点拥挤，但我们都觉得离这个新的家庭成员更近了。根据后文we all felt closer可知此处为比较关系，应用比较级，在前面加more。故填more crowded。
14．考查状语从句。句意：尽管他的座位是空的，但我感觉他好像从未离开过我们。引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”应用even if或even though，首字母大写。故填Even if/ Even though。
15．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们每个人家里都有一张这样的桌子，它象征着家人团聚，代表着我们对家人的感情和眷恋。分析句子结构可知represent与逻辑主语table构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填representing。
16．考查情态动词。句意：一对恩爱夫妻之间的结婚誓言、对死者的哀悼、商业伙伴之间的谈判以及为来自另一个国家的总统举行国宴，这些都可以在同一个圆桌上发生。后跟动词原形，结合语境表示“可以”应用情态动词can。故填can。
17．考查宾语从句。句意：所以我开始思考这个圆桌对我们有什么意义，它的真正意义开始展现在我面前。引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，应用what。故填what。
18．考查非谓语动词。句意：数以百计的人，男女老少，富人和穷人，死者和生者，都会想办法回家，坐在圆桌旁与家人团聚。分析句子结构可知reunite在句中作目的状语，应用不定式to do或表示被动用to be done形式。故填to reunite/ to be reunited。
19．考查定语从句。句意：我们的生活，甚至我们国家的历史，都是在寻找一个我们所属的圆桌。短语belong to，此处为介词+关系代词结构定语从句修饰先行词table，作介词的宾语，指物，应用which。故填to which。
20．考查时态。句意：圆桌一直是中国感情的象征。根据后文“It was. It is.”可知，表示过去发生的动作对现在产生影响应用现在完成时，主语为table，助动词用has。故填has been。
（23-24高三下·上海·开学考试）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
While some robots 21 (intend) to assist humans, robotics can also reproduce realistic limb-like functions for those that have lost arms, legs and other parts of their bodies. These prosthetics (义肢) have existed in one form or another 22 at least ancient Egyptian times. Early limb replacements involved 23 (use) materials such as wood or leather for support and balance. In the 1960s, the capabilities of prosthetics to enhance lives were explored. This included incorporating lightweight carbon-fibre material into prosthetics 24 amputees (截肢者) could partake and succeed in sporting activities.
However, it wasn’t until 1986 that electronic prosthetic limbs 25 (explore). Scottish inventor David Gow began his mission to make existing pneumatic(充气的) arms easier to use, lighter in weight and more functional. This led to the first bionic (仿生的) arm being ready for use in 1998. The first user of this bionic arm was a man named Campbell Aird, who lost his arm 26 cancer. After experiencing the benefits of an electrically powered, lightweight limb, Aird said at the time: “For the first time in 16 years I 27 (reach) above my head to pick a book off a shelf. It was a great moment for me.
Today, pioneering work in robotics is allowing 28 who are missing a limb to explore the world with better balance, accuracy, precision, speed and in some cases, even touch. 29 new competitive event called the Cybathlon has been established to compare the speed, skills and efficiency of robotic limbs. The “arm prosthesis race” is designed to rank new robotic arms in sensory feedback, palm rotation ability and coordination in handling objects of different sizes, shapes and weights. Twenty countries partake in this event, 30 (far) driving the innovation of life-changing technology.
【答案】
21．are intended 22．since 23．using 24．so that/with which 25．were explored 26．to 27．reached 28．those 29．A 30．further
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了义肢给人们生活带来的改变，以及现如今对于机器人技术的进一步开发以使得那些缺少身体部分的人能够平衡、准确、精确、快速地探索世界。
21．考查固定短语。句意：虽然有些机器人是为了帮助人类，但机器人技术也可以为那些失去手臂、腿和身体其他部位的人再现逼真的四肢功能。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语be intended to，意为“打算；意图做；是用于”。主语some robots（一些机器人）为复数，be动词应使用复数形式。故填are intended。
22．考查连词。句意：这些义肢至少从古埃及时代就以这样或那样的形式存在了。分析句子结构可知，该句使用了现在完成时，表示“自从古埃及时期义肢就已经存在了”，表示事情在过去已经发生，因此空处需使用表示时间的连词since，意为“自……以后”。故填since。
23．考查非谓语。句意：早期的肢体替换包括使用木材或皮革等材料来支撑和平衡。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语involve doing sth.，意为“包括……”，空处应使用动名词作宾语。故填using。
24．考查连词或定语从句。句意：这包括将轻质碳纤维材料融入假肢中，这样截肢者就可以参加体育活动并取得成功。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，“将轻质碳纤维材料融入假肢中”是为了“截肢者可以参加体育活动”，表示目的，连词so that（这样，以便）可引导目的状语从句。另外，此处也可以表示“通过使用这种轻质碳纤维材料，截肢这可以参加体育活动”，先行词prosthetics指物 ，空处可使用with+which的结构引导定语从句，意为“通过……”故填so that/with which。
25．考查被动语态。句意：然而，直到1986年，人们才开始探索电子假肢。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，句中主语electronic prosthetic limbs为复数形式，且与explore（探索）之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此需使用被动语态，根据1986可知，需使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were explored。
26．考查介词。句意：这种仿生手臂的第一位使用者是坎贝尔·艾尔德，他因癌症失去了手臂。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语lose to，意为“败于……；输给”，表示“把手臂输给癌症”。故填to。
27．考查时态。句意：16年来，我第一次把手伸过头顶，从书架上拿起一本书。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，根据后文中was可知，该句陈述过去事实，应使用一般过去时。故填reached。
28．考查代词。句意：今天，机器人技术的开创性工作使那些失去肢体的人能够更好地平衡、准确、精确、快速地探索世界，在某些情况下，甚至可以触摸。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，空处在句中作主句的宾语，根据定语从句连词who以及从句中are可知，先行词应为表示人的复数形式。空处可使用代词those，泛指“失去肢体的人们”。故填those。
29．考查冠词。句意：一项名为Cybathlon的新竞赛项目已经开展起来，以比较机器人四肢的速度、技能和效率。分析句子结构可知，此处泛指“一项比赛”，new（新的）为辅音音素开头的单词，因此可使用不定冠词a表示“一场”，位于句首时首字母大写。故填A。
30．考查形容词。句意：20个国家参加了这次活动，进一步推动了改变生活的技术创新。分析句子结构并根据语境可知，空处表示“进一步推动”，可使用其比较级形式。故填further。
【点睛】
（23-24高三下·上海·阶段练习）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
ChatGPT, Man’s Meat or Poison
ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence-driven chatbot programme that responds to user prompts (提示), has dominated social networks in recent weeks. Its appeal is 31 that within days of its launch, OpenAI announced that 1 million people had logged on.
There’s nothing novel in software 32 produces fluent and logical writing. ChatGPT’s predecessor could do that too. Both were trained on an unimaginably large amount of data to answer questions in a believable way. But ChatGPT has been adjusted by 33 (feed) the data on human “conversations”, which significantly increased the truthfulness and informativeness of its answers.
Even so, ChatGPT still produces answers that seem reasonable but are incorrect or nonsensical. Even the bot itself says, “My responses 34 (not intend) to be taken as facts.” This might be a big problem on the Internet, as many web platforms lack the capability to protect themselves 35 a flood of AI-generated content. Such websites as Stack Overflow, 36 users can find answers to programming-related questions, had to ban ChatGPT-produced posts, as its human moderators (管理员) could not deal with the volume of believable but wrong replies. It is risky to give out tools 37 (use) to mass produce fake news and messages.
Letting loose ChatGPT raises the question of 38 content produced by it can be truly trusted. A human author is responsible for their work in a way AI is not. Artificial intelligence is not artificial consciousness: ChatGPT does not know what it is doing, it is unable to say how or why it produced a response; it has no grasp of human experience, and cannot tell if it is making sense. 39 OpenAI has safeguards to refuse inappropriate requests, such as to tell users how to commit crimes, these can be neglected. As is suggested, AI’s potential for harm 40 not be underestimated. In the wrong hands, it could be a weapon of mass destruction.
【答案】
31．such 32．that 33．being fed 34．are not intended 35．against/from 36．where 37．used 38．whether 39．While/Although/Though 40．should
【导语】这是一篇说明文。最近几周，人工智能驱动的聊天机器人程序ChatGPT在社交网络上占据了主导地位，但是ChatGPT对人类来说是好是坏还尚未可知。文章对此进行了介绍。
31．考查限定词。句意：它的吸引力是如此之大，以至于OpenAI在发布几天内就宣布有100万人登录了它。根据“that within days of its launch, OpenAI announced that 1 million people had logged on”可知，此处是指它的吸引力是如此之大，且主语appeal是名词，所以应用限定词such。故填such。
32．考查定语从句。句意：软件中可以产生流畅有逻辑的写作已经不新奇了。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为nothing，所以应用关系代词that。故填that。
33．考查动名词的被动语态。句意：但ChatGPT通过输入人类“对话”的数据进行了调整，这大大提高了其答案的真实性和信息量。动词feed意为“提供”，在介词by后应用动名词形式作宾语，和主语ChatGPT构成被动关系。故填being fed。
34．考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：就连机器人自己也说：“我的回答不是为了被当作事实。”根据“Even the bot itself says”可知，此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。动词intend意为“准备”，和主语构成被动关系。故填are not intended。
35．考查介词。句意：这可能是互联网上的一个大问题，因为许多网络平台缺乏保护自己免受人工智能生成内容泛滥的能力。protect...againt/from意为“保护……免受……”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用介词against或from。故填against/from。
36．考查定语从句。句意：像Stack Overflow这样的网站，在这里用户可以找到与编程相关的问题的答案，不得不禁止ChatGPT产生的帖子，因为它的人工版主无法处理大量可信但错误的回复。在非限制性定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且先行词为Stack Overflow，所以应用关系副词where。故填where。
37．考查过去分词。句意：发放用于大规模生产假新闻和假消息的工具是有风险的。动词use意为“使用”，和系动词之间没有连词，和逻辑主语tools构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填used。
38．考查宾语从句。句意：放开ChatGPT引发了一个问题，即由它生成的内容是否可以真正信任。在宾语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且根据“raises the question of”可知，此处是指由它生成的内容是否可以真正信任，所以应用从属连词whether表示“是否”。故填whether。
39．考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然OpenAI有拒绝不适当请求的保障措施，比如告诉用户如何犯罪，但这些都可以被忽略。“OpenAI has safeguards to refuse inappropriate requests”和“these can be neglected”构成转折关系，所以应用连词while/although/though表示“尽管”引导让步状语从句。句首首字母应大写。故填While/Although/Though。
40．考查虚拟语气。句意：正如所建议的那样，人工智能的潜在危害不应被低估。根据“As is suggested”可知，此处应用（should）do虚拟语气。故填should。
（23-24高三上·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Japan Releases Nuclear Wastewater into the Pacific. How Worried Should We Be
Japan has started releasing wastewater into the ocean. But this isn’t the kind of wastewater 41 flows from city streets into stormwater drains. It’s treated nuclear wastewater used to cool damaged reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, 42 (strike) by an earthquake over a decade ago.
Since the accident, over 1.3 million tons of nuclear wastewater 43 (collect), treated, and stored in a tank farm at the plant. That storage space is about to run out, the Japanese government says, leaving no choice other than 44 (begin) dumping the wastewater into the Pacific.
Japan’s discharge plan involves incrementally (递增地) releasing it over the next three decades, although some experts say it could take longer, given the amount still 45 (produce). Some of Japan’s neighbors are criticizing the plan as unilateral and dangerous. On May 15, South Korea’s opposition leader ridiculed Japanese leaders’ claims that the water is safe enough to drink: “ 46 it is safe enough to drink, they should use it as drinking water.”
Now, American scientists are raising concerns that marine life and ocean currents could carry harmful radioactive isotopes (同位素) —also called radionuclides— 47 the entire Pacific Ocean.
“It’s a trans-boundary and trans-generational event,” says Robert Richmond, director of the Kewalo Marine Laboratory at the University of Hawaii. “ 48 released into the ocean off of Fukushima is not going to stay in one place.”
The radionuclides could be carried by ocean currents, especially the cross-Pacific Kuroshio current. Marine animals that migrate great distances could spread them too. No 49 (worrying) as carriers, Richmond says, are phytoplankton—free-floating organisms that are the basis of the food chain for all marine life and can capture radionuclides from the Fukushima cooling water. When swallowed, those isotopes may “accumulate in a variety of fish, marine mammals, and humans.”
Richmond and Buesseler say that 50 they’ve been allowed access to much of the same data as the IAEA, they remain suspicious. “The root of this problem is that they are moving already with a plan that has not yet shown that it will work,” Buesseler says. “They’re saying, ‘We can make it work. We’ll treat it as many times as it takes.’ If you want to put a nickname on this plan, it’s ‘trust us; we’ll take care of it.’”
【答案】
41．that/which 42．stricken 43．have been collected 44．to begin 45．being produced 46．If 47．across 48．Anything 49．less worrying 50．although
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道的是日本计划排放用于冷却受损反应堆的废水引发了争议。
41．考查定语从句。句意：但这不是那种从城市街道流入雨水渠的废水。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以使用关系代词，先行词the kind of wastewater指的是物，所以此处使用which或者that。故填that/which。
42．考查过去分词。句意：它是用于冷却福岛第一核电站受损反应堆的处理核废水，该核电站在十多年前遭受地震袭击。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant，strike与所修饰词Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant之间为被动关系，且表示动作已经发生，所以此处使用过去分词形式stricken。故填stricken。
43．考查谓语动词和主谓一致。句意：自事故发生以来，超过130万吨的核废水被收集、处理并储存在核电站的一个储油库中。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语Since the accident可知，此处应为现在完成时，collect与句子主语over 1.3 million tons of nuclear wastewater之间为被动关系，且句子主语部分中over 1.3 million tons of修饰“核废水”，强调排出的核废水之多，所以主语看作复数形式。故填have been collected。
44．考查动词不定式。句意：日本政府表示，储存空间即将耗尽，除了开始将废水排入太平洋外，别无选择。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定句型，other than意为“除了”，其前没有实义动词do的形式时，其后应使用不定式形式，结合句意可知，此处表示主动意义。故填to begin。
45．考查现在分词。句意：日本的排放计划包括在未来30年逐步排放，尽管一些专家表示，考虑到仍在生产的数量，这可能需要更长的时间。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰amount，amount与produce之间为被动关系，且根据句意和still可知，此处表示的是动作正在进行，所以此处应使用现在分词的被动形式。故填being produced。
46．考查状语从句。句意：5月15日，韩国反对党领导人嘲笑日本领导人关于水足够安全可以饮用的说法：“如果它足够安全可以饮用，他们就应该把它当作饮用水。”分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的状语从句，结合句意可知，此处应表示“如果”为if引导的条件状语从句符合语境，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填If。
47．考查介词。句意：现在，美国科学家开始担心，海洋生物和洋流可能会携带有害的放射性同位素横过整个太平洋。分析句子结构可知，此处为介词与空后的“Pacific Ocean”构成介宾短语，结合句意可知，此处表示“横过”太平洋符合语境，所以此处应使用介词across 。故填across。
48．考查代词。句意：福岛附近海域释放到海洋中的任何东西都不会停留在一个地方。分析句子结构可知，此处为句子主语，无提示词，所以此处应为代词作主语，结合句意可知，此处表示“任何东西”应为anything，且位于句首，此处应使用Anything。故填Anything。
49．考查形容词比较级。句意：Richmond说，作为载体，同样令人担忧的是浮游植物——自由漂浮的生物，它们是所有海洋生物食物链的基础，可以从福岛冷却水中捕获放射性核素。分析句子结构可知，该句为倒装句，此处为形容词作表语，空前有否定词，所以此处应使用形容词的比较级形式表示最高级意义，结合句意可知，此处表示的是“令人担忧的”，而worrying本身表示“令人担忧的”，所以此处应使用worrying的比较级more worrying的否定形式less worrying，与空前的no连用为双重否定等于肯定。故填less worrying。
50．考查状语从句。句意：Richmond 和Buesseler说，尽管他们已经被允许访问与国际原子能机构相同的大部分数据，但他们仍然持怀疑态度。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的状语从句，结合句意可知，此处表示“尽管”符合语境，此处应使用although引导的让步状语从句。故填although。
（2023高三上·上海·阶段练习）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
What Can One City Do
People around the world are concerned about global warming and are talking about ways to stop it. The city of Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the United States, is doing more than just talking. Cambridge wants to become a world leader in energy-efficient buildings.
Today, Naema Omar is improving her 80-year-old house in Cambridge. To keep the heat inside in the winter, she is filling the space inside the walls with insulation(绝缘). Insulation is usually made from chemicals, but in her house, she is using 51 new - insulation made from recycled blue jeans and other clothes. She has also put in a new type of light called an LED lamp 52 uses only a tiny amount of electricity. The light-bulbs in it last for 20 to 30 years before needing 53 (change).
But eco-friendly insulation and lighting are much more expensive than the usual kind 54 many people in Cambridge can’t afford them. A group called Cambridge Energy Alliance (CEA) 55 (work) to solve this problem. They want to help every resident and business in the city conserve energy. People can ask the group to come and look at 56 they can make their house or office building eco-friendly. The CEA then makes them a plan to save 15 to 30 percent on heating, gas, water, and electricity. Then the group help people borrow money to pay for the improvements. The money that people save by being 57 (efficient) should be enough to pay back the loan.
It was ten years ago that the city of Cambridge decided to try to reduce its carbon emissions. More than 80 percent of the carbon dioxide 58 (produce) in Cambridge comes from buildings - not from cars 59 successful, the program will not only save a lot of energy but also make new jobs for local people. Workers 60 (need) to put in insulation, install better doors and windows, and make other energy improvements on buildings. The CEA hopes that their program will be an example for other cities.
【答案】
51．something 52．that/which 53．to be changed/changing 54．so that 55．is working 56．how 57．more efficient 58．produced 59．If/Once 60．will be needed
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍剑桥大学关注全球变暖情况，希望成为世界上节能建筑的领导者。
51．考查不定代词。句意：隔热材料通常是由化学物质制成的，但在她的房子里，她使用了一些新的东西——由回收的蓝色牛仔裤和其他衣服制成的隔热材料。根据句意可知，此空应填something，在本句中作宾语，符合句意。故填something。
52．考查定语从句。句意：她还引入了一种新型的光，称为LED灯，这种灯只需要很少量的电。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为an LED lamp，为物，在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
53．考查非谓语。句意：里面的灯泡在需要更换之前可以使用20到30年。分析句子可知，这里考查need to be done或者need doing，均表示“需要被做”，为固定搭配。故填to be changed/changing。
54．考查连词。句意：但环保隔热和照明比通常的要贵得多，所以剑桥的许多人买不起。分析句子可知，此空应填连词，再由句意可知，应填so that表“所以”，引导结果状语从句。故填so that。
55．考查时态。句意：一个名为剑桥能源联盟（CEA）的组织正在努力解决这个问题。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语动词，由句意可知，这里表示“剑桥能源联盟的组织正在努力解决”，所以这里应用现在进行时，且主语为A group，为单数形式。故填is working。
56．考查宾语从句。句意：人们可以请小组来看看如何使他们的房子或办公楼环保。分析句子可知，这里考查宾语从句，由句意可知，这里应表示“如何使他们的房子或办公楼环保”，所以这里应用连接副词how。故填how。
57．考查形容词比较级。句意：人们通过提高效率节省的钱应该足以偿还贷款。由上文The CEA then makes them a plan to save 15 to 30 percent on heating, gas, water, and electricity可知，这里表示“更加有效率”，所以应用比较级。故填more efficient。
58．考查非谓语。句意：剑桥80%以上的二氧化碳来自建筑，而不是汽车。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，the carbon dioxide与produce为被动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用过去分词形式作定语。故填produced。
59．考查连词。句意：如果该计划成功，不仅可以节省大量能源，还可以为当地人创造新的就业机会。分析句子可知，此空应填连词，由句意可知，可填if或者once，构成条件状语从句，且句首时首字母应大写。故填If/Once。
60．考查时态语态。句意：工人们将需要安装隔热材料，安装更好的门窗，并对建筑物进行其它能源改进。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语动词， Workers与need为被动关系，且由前句可知，这里时态也应用一般将来时。故填will be needed。
（23-24高三下·上海·阶段练习）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
You may think that mom-and-pop stores are gradually dying out, giving way to chain stores and big business, 61 you would be wrong. The online shopping platform Taobao is a game changer and 62 (revolutionize) the way we buy and sell.
Taobao, or “treasure hunt”, recently became the largest e-commerce website in terms of traffic, surpassing Amazon. It has 190 million 63 (register) users and serves 64 (big) marketplace in the world. Half of China’s Internet users go to Taobao, either to browse, buy or sell, according to Web information company Alexa.
65 Taobao borrowed its original business model from eBay when it started up in 2003, the student soon became the master. Just three years later, eBay shut down its site and now Taobao controls about 80 percent of the country’s online shopping market.
It charges almost 66 to list items for sale and makes most of its money from advertising. It also plans to share transaction data with its users so they can cash it on buying trends. This allows anyone with an idea and a computer to start a viable business, doing away 67 the need for significant start-up capital. 68 opening up a store on the high street selling to passersby, the world is every Taobao user’s oyster.
A friend of mine is a typical. She opened up a store selling children’s clothing near Nuren Jie, 69 was a popular market in Beijing. It was not a great success but her online sales through Taobao went ballistic. She closed the store and is now e-commerce only.
Effectively, taobao has become the country’s high street, but with global reach. 70 China is the world’s manufacturing base, it is relatively easy for individuals to source cheap goods and sell at a reasonable markup. Micro-stores are opening in their thousands every day and delivering an amazing variety of goods.
【答案】
61．but 62．has revolutionized 63．registered 64．the biggest 65．Although/While/Though 66．nothing 67．with 68．Instead of 69．which 70．Since/As
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了淘宝网络购物，最近成为了流量最大的电子商务网站，超过了亚马逊。它拥有1.9亿注册用户，并服务于世界上最大的市场。
61．考查连词。句意：你可能认为夫妻店正在逐渐消亡，让位于连锁店和大企业，但你错了。前句说明的是“你可能认为夫妻店正在逐渐消亡”，后句说明的是“你错了”；两者为转折关系，所以用连词but。故填but。
62．考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在线购物平台淘宝是游戏规则的改变者，它彻底改变了我们的买卖方式。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入谓语动词，根据生活常识可知，“淘宝已经改变了我们的买卖方式”，所以使用现在完成时，句子的主语为单数，所以助动词用has，故填has revolutionized。
63．考查非谓语动词。句意：它拥有1.9亿注册用户，服务于全球最大的市场。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入定语。registered，意为“已登记的，已注册的”，为过去分词作前置定语。故填registered。
64．考查形容词最高级。句意：它拥有1.9亿注册用户，服务于全球最大的市场。根据后句中“Half of China’s Internet users go to Taobao”以及常识可知，淘宝在全球拥有最大的市场，所以空格处需要填入形容词最高级。故填the biggest。
65．考查连词。句意：虽然淘宝在2003年创立时借鉴了eBay的原始商业模式，但这位学生很快就成了大师。分析句子可知，前后句为让步关系，因此需要填入连词，引导让步状语从句。表示“虽然”，引导让步状语从句的连词由although，though，while，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Although或者Though或者While。
66．考查代词。句意：它几乎不收取商品销售清单的费用，其大部分收入来自广告。根据后句“其大部分收入来自广告”可知。它几乎不收取商品销售清单的费用。所以，此处指的是不收取费用；nothing表示“没什么”。故填nothing。
67．考查介词。句意：这使得任何有想法和电脑的人都可以开始一项可行的业务，而不需要大量的启动资金。此处表示“消除，不需要”；do away with意为“消除，终结”，为固定短语。故填with。
68．考查固定短语。句意：不是在大街上开一家店卖给路人，世界是每个淘宝用户的牡蛎。分析句子结构可知，前后句的句意为相反关系，因此需要填入表示“而不是”的短语。instead of意为“代替，而不是”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Instead of。
69．考查定语从句。句意：她在女人街附近开了一家童装店，女人街是北京一个很受欢迎的市场。分析句子结构可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句的关系词，且代替先行词在从句中作主语；先行词为“Nuren Jie”，所以用which。故填which。
70．考查连词。句意：由于中国是世界制造业基地，个人采购廉价商品并以合理的加价出售相对容易。分析句子结构可知，前后句完整，因此需要填入连词；“中国是世界制造业基地”与“个人采购廉价商品并以合理的加价出售相对容易”前后句之间为因果关系，所以需要填入表示“因为”的连词。since与as表示因为，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Since或者As。专题01 语法填空查缺补漏
·模块一 2021-2023年秋季高考真题特训
·模块二 谓语/非谓语
·模块三 介词
·模块四 连词
·模块五 代词
·模块六 2024届上海四校八校模考特训
2021年6月秋季高考真题
The Spread of Disease
Traveling from one city to another can lead to the spread of disease. When people arrive in a new place , they may bring in bacteria that ( 21)__________( not be) present in the past. The people there have no natural protection ( 22) __________these new bacteria, so they catch the disease more easily. (23)________ it is unfamiliar, health workers may not identify it or stop it from spreading. People with the disease may continue to have contact with others. In this way, the bacteria travel from person to person through the population. This was ( 24 )__________happened, for example, when soldiers travelled back home at the end of the First World War. These soldiers brought with them the Spanish flu, and ( 25 )________cost millions of lives.
Heating and cooling systems in buildings can also be a source of disease. Take old air conditioners in windows as an example. They tend to collect dirt and water, which makes it easy for bacteria (26)_____( grow). Then when the air-conditioner ( 27 )_________(turn) on, the bacteria will be blown into the home or office and make people sick. Bacteria grow fast in the water of the cooling towers. They are then sent throughout the building with the air conditioning and can affect anyone in the building. Scientists first recognized this problem in July 1976, by (28)_________ time 221 people had become seriously ill..
Pollution of the oceans can also be a factor in spreading disease. The pollution may be caused by fertilizers that wash into rivers and then into the ocean, or by human waste (29) _________ ( dump ) directly into the ocean with no processing. These pollutants result in the increased growth of tiny plants that are called algae (海藻). They can form a thick mass in the water, (30) __________( provide ) a perfect environment for cholera , a fatal disease.
2022年6月秋季高考真题
How to Start a New Business
An entrepreneur is a person who creates, launches, and begins a new business, typically in response to a market demand that has not been met Entrepreneurs are often imaginative,self motivated individuals who develop full time, successful, and sustainable businesses. Successful entrepreneurs frequently have relevant insights, expertise, and advice they may offer aspiring entrepreneurs to and (21)________ on their respective paths. Interviewing entrepreneurs might provide insight into the steps they took(22) ________(achieve) success. Here is the interview of entrepreneur related questions, and you will find more preparations for it.
Question: How would you describe an entrepreneur
Answer: An individual who establishes and expands their own company through innovative strategies(23)______(know) as an entrepreneur During the expansion of their companies:
Entrepreneurs are responsible for several important tasks in addition to cash generation. An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society(24) ________ (develop)an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm Suppose a business idea does not center on producing a product that fills a gap in the(25) ______ (exist) market. In that case, it most often centers on applying technical advancements to simplify the process of obtaining a product or service.
Question: How do entrepreneurs identify business prospects
Answer:Entrepreneurs routinely seek chances to expand or increase their company revenues. They determine which product to include and which market to enter. An entrepreneur should listen to prospective customers and look for chances to build items that meet their demands. An entrepreneur can determine (26) __________ other businesses in the area are doing and how they succeed by conducting a competitive analysis. This technique may involve conducting a physical survey or reading industry specific materials Conversations with consumers also facilitate the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences, (27) ________they may use to enhance a firm
Question:What makes an entrepreneur successful
Answer:(28) _________an entrepreneur, you are both your manager and the manager of others. To achieve success, you must possess a wide range of abilities An entrepreneur must be able to manage people,a budget, operations, and in certain cases, investors. It necessitates a work style (29)________ (characterize) by multitasking and planning for the firm's short and long term goals(30) _______successful entrepreneur must be able to spend his time wisely, regularly analyzing and prioritizing projects based on their relevance and significance. It includes engaging in short and long-term planning, economic forecasts, and market research.
2023年1月春季高考真题
Young Enterprise
Young Enterprise is an organization that makes serious efforts to teach all types of young people the general principles of running a business
(21) __________( originate ) in the United States of America, the idea of Young Enterprise was introduced into Britain by a successful banker.(22)__________ it developed slowly in its early years, the organization grew rapidly later. Young Enterprise is now backed by industry and commerce, so that today young people throughout the United Kingdom can participate.
A participant in Young Enterprise is known as an Achiever. Young Enterprise primarily meets the needs of young people ( 23 )__________ are still at school, giving them an understanding of industry and the opportunities it may offer them in the future. But it is usually possible (24 )__________ ( include ) young people in the same age group who have left school but have not yet started work.
An Adviser is a practicing business executive (管理人员) with an expert knowledge of his own field who volunteers to keep a Young Enterprise company during its trading year.(25)__________counts for Advisers is an ability to get on with young people and to put across the subject. As the name(26)__________ (imply), Advisers are there to advise: they do not run the companies.
Normally, three Advisers-one on accountancy, one on production and one on marketing,(27)__________ ( be ) available to each company. Young Enterprise makes (28)__________ a rule that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations.
A Sponsor,(29)__________ (reward) only by the success of the enterprise of "its" Achievers, is an organization which participates in Young Enterprise and,(30 )__________ its own expense, provides facilities by making available communications,advice and encouragement.
一．判断是做谓语还是非谓语：
按照“一句一个主谓结构”的原则。句子，非谓语。句子，连词+句子。要看是否有连词连接。
谓语要考虑时态和语态
掌握每一种时态的时间标志词
注意并列成分
看句意确定主动还是被动
非谓语要考虑用to do, doing 还是done
to do : 动作未发生或表目的
doing: 主动或正在进行
done: 被动或完成
【例题精讲】The penguin slipped down the slide on his stomach, bottom first, she said. He resurfaced about 6 feet from the boat, (24)________ (take) a look up at the people aboard, and then disappeared beneath the surface.
Yet Lee, despite his disadvantages of both numbers and position, did not retreat. Instead, he moved his troops into position to attack. Union soldiers who tried to warn Hooker that Lee was on the offensive (29) _______ (dismiss) as cowards.
3. It can take time—and sometimes it does not work—for new plant varieties (29) _____ (breed) for commercial use.
【知识梳理】
掌握表示时间、地点、方式、所属关系的介词用法和常用的介词短语；
了解分词介词的使用，如concerning, regarding, considering, including, given等。
当空格后的名词在句中不是作主语，表语或动词宾语时，选填介词；
注意固定搭配常为介词考查主要内容依据，同时要结合上下文语义理解。
两空常填介词
表原因：because of/ due to/ owing to/thanks to/ out of
表让步：regardless of
表相反：instead of
表除了：except for / other than/ apart from
三空常填介词
表让步：in spite of
表并列：in addition to
【例题精讲】
In the past, the U.S. and others have supported listing other shark species under CITES, but not so in this case, (26) ______ commercial interests.
When over a foot of fresh snow falls, experts know to be on the lookout for avalanches. Explosives can be used in places (26) ____________ massive snow buildups to trigger much smaller avalanches that don’t pose a danger to persons or property.
Whether or not you try to limit yourself (24)______ one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world's coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice.
【知识梳理】
连词分为并列连词和从属连词
从属连词考察三大从句（定语从句，名词性从句和状语从句）的关系词
掌握强调结构的使用规则；理解完全倒装和部分倒装的构成规则；知晓省略、插入语的使用
定语从句关系词的选择方法：
先判断从句是否缺主语或宾语。缺主语的话，先行词指人，用that, who(m); 先行词指物，用that, which.
从句不缺主语或宾语，先行词指时间，用when; 先行词指地点，用where；先行词指原因，用why.
另外注意as和whose的语法。
名词性关系词的选择方法：
从句缺主语或宾语，指物用what, 指人用who(m)。
从句意思很完整，什么都不缺，用that.
根据意思，缺什么就用什么。比如why, when, where, when, whether, which, how等。
状语从句分为9种，主要是根据逻辑关系来判断连词。
【例题精讲】
They could prove ___30___ an unmarked device is yours. So, sure, your phone is pretty germy. Does that inspire you, or does it just bother you
that
Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea (23) they’re paying for Facebook, because people don’t really know what their personal details are worth.
It has been 44 years (26)________ an emperor penguin was last spotted in the wild in New Zealand.
【知识梳理】
代词会考察人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词和指示代词；
注意it在句中作形式主语和形式宾语。
代词判断方法：
首先找出代词所指代的名词，根据其在句中所充当的成分确定用哪个代词。如果空格后是名词，就应该考虑空格处是否用物主代词(my, your, his等)、指示代词(this, that等)、不定代词(few, little, many, much, all, each, every, both, neither, other, one, none, nothing等)、名词所有格或形容词等进行修饰；如果空格前是动词 , 就应考虑用人称代词和反身代词。
【例题精讲】
The only parts I didn’t fully enjoy were (26)________ in which the author suffered horribly. After just three hours of training camp, he fainted weakly into the arms of a soldier.
What would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste and goodness but with little or (23) _____ of the caffeine has been found.
The artist explained that he does not want people to focus completely on the techniques involved in his pieces. “I want them to think about the work and (27) __________ I’m actually drawing,” he said, “I prefer to study the internal aspect of the subject rather than focus solely on the external part.”
（23-24高三上·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Several years ago, a co-worker invited me over for a classic social tradition: a game night. I don’t like board games. When I’m hanging out with others, I much prefer the free flow of conversation 1 the structure of competition. 2 someone starts explaining the game rules, my brain tends to involuntarily tune out, a defense mechanism against unwanted and useless information.
So obviously, eager to make new friends. I told my co-work I was in.
The evening was disappointing. An alarmingly complex game was first explained and then repeated, upon my request. I 3 (assure) that I’d “get it after a couple of rounds,” which never happened. I was so bad that I was ruining everyone eles’s experience with my unpredictable plays and constant need 4 (remind) of what was happening.
5 these people kindly became my friends anyway, I was never invited back to another game night. “We just know you’re not really a game person, ” one of them later told me, eyes 6 (slide) sideward.
Not being a game person nowadays can make one feel like an exception. Board games, which in 2021 were a $13. 4 billion global market, are surging in popularity. There are people who love socializing through games in every town, 7 makes my resistance to them feel unacceptable. Maybe, I thought, I was missing 8 about the social value of games. Games can reveal people’s core qualities: how they react when they’re stressed, how they cooperate in a team, or how they behave when they win or lose.
However, I still have a general sense 9 they’re a silly way to pass time. When I think about the leisure activities I “indulge” in, such as cycling, they tend to have bonus benefits. Through cycling, my friends and I can share experiences that simulate the variable conditions of life: joy and pain, uncertainty and achievement. We can all reap rewards from bonding through playful activities: 10 we see as play just varies. I get that now. But to be clear, there’s still no need to invite me to your game night.
（23-24高三下·上海·开学考试）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Round table
The most affectionate memory of my childhood is about 11 round table.
When I was still little, my entire family would reunite on almost every traditional festival to have dinner. While the grown-ups were discussing about something 12 our comprehension, we kids would be scuttling around or even crouching under the table to play hide and seek.
When I got a bit older, my aunt brought back her boyfriend, a tall and shy man, and my grandma joyfully added another seat to the round table. It seemed a little bit 13 (crowded), but we all felt closer to this new family member.
When I was 12, my grandpa passed away because of cancer, but when the entire family reunite once again, his chair, his bowl and his chopsticks remain the same. 14 his seat was empty, it felt like that he had never left us.
We all have a table like this in our homes, which is a symbol of the reunion of our families, 15 (represent) our sentiment and attachment to our families. As a matter of fact, in China, almost everything can be solved over a round table. The marriage vows between a loving couple, the mourning of the deceased, the negotiations between business partners and a state banquet to another president from another country 16 all happen on a same round table. So I started to wonder 17 is this round table to us and its true significance starts to unfold in front of me.
The food on the table may change with time; the people sitting beside it may come and go; the reasons why we come together may be various, but the sensation behind it remains, year after year, the same.
Every year, an annual epic migration takes place in China. Hundreds of people, men and women, young and old, the rich and the poor, the dead and the alive, will find a way to go back home and go to the round table 18 (reunite) with their families.
The power that drives him to do so has been a power that has been sustaining Chinese civilization for thousands of years. And the lives of us, or even the history of our nation have been the stories of looking for a running to the round table 19 we belong. The round table 20 (be) a symbol of the Chinese sensation. It was. It is. And it will always be.
（23-24高三下·上海·开学考试）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
While some robots 21 (intend) to assist humans, robotics can also reproduce realistic limb-like functions for those that have lost arms, legs and other parts of their bodies. These prosthetics (义肢) have existed in one form or another 22 at least ancient Egyptian times. Early limb replacements involved 23 (use) materials such as wood or leather for support and balance. In the 1960s, the capabilities of prosthetics to enhance lives were explored. This included incorporating lightweight carbon-fibre material into prosthetics 24 amputees (截肢者) could partake and succeed in sporting activities.
However, it wasn’t until 1986 that electronic prosthetic limbs 25 (explore). Scottish inventor David Gow began his mission to make existing pneumatic(充气的) arms easier to use, lighter in weight and more functional. This led to the first bionic (仿生的) arm being ready for use in 1998. The first user of this bionic arm was a man named Campbell Aird, who lost his arm 26 cancer. After experiencing the benefits of an electrically powered, lightweight limb, Aird said at the time: “For the first time in 16 years I 27 (reach) above my head to pick a book off a shelf. It was a great moment for me.
Today, pioneering work in robotics is allowing 28 who are missing a limb to explore the world with better balance, accuracy, precision, speed and in some cases, even touch. 29 new competitive event called the Cybathlon has been established to compare the speed, skills and efficiency of robotic limbs. The “arm prosthesis race” is designed to rank new robotic arms in sensory feedback, palm rotation ability and coordination in handling objects of different sizes, shapes and weights. Twenty countries partake in this event, 30 (far) driving the innovation of life-changing technology.
（23-24高三下·上海·阶段练习）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
ChatGPT, Man’s Meat or Poison
ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence-driven chatbot programme that responds to user prompts (提示), has dominated social networks in recent weeks. Its appeal is 31 that within days of its launch, OpenAI announced that 1 million people had logged on.
There’s nothing novel in software 32 produces fluent and logical writing. ChatGPT’s predecessor could do that too. Both were trained on an unimaginably large amount of data to answer questions in a believable way. But ChatGPT has been adjusted by 33 (feed) the data on human “conversations”, which significantly increased the truthfulness and informativeness of its answers.
Even so, ChatGPT still produces answers that seem reasonable but are incorrect or nonsensical. Even the bot itself says, “My responses 34 (not intend) to be taken as facts.” This might be a big problem on the Internet, as many web platforms lack the capability to protect themselves 35 a flood of AI-generated content. Such websites as Stack Overflow, 36 users can find answers to programming-related questions, had to ban ChatGPT-produced posts, as its human moderators (管理员) could not deal with the volume of believable but wrong replies. It is risky to give out tools 37 (use) to mass produce fake news and messages.
Letting loose ChatGPT raises the question of 38 content produced by it can be truly trusted. A human author is responsible for their work in a way AI is not. Artificial intelligence is not artificial consciousness: ChatGPT does not know what it is doing, it is unable to say how or why it produced a response; it has no grasp of human experience, and cannot tell if it is making sense. 39 OpenAI has safeguards to refuse inappropriate requests, such as to tell users how to commit crimes, these can be neglected. As is suggested, AI’s potential for harm 40 not be underestimated. In the wrong hands, it could be a weapon of mass destruction.
（23-24高三上·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Japan Releases Nuclear Wastewater into the Pacific. How Worried Should We Be
Japan has started releasing wastewater into the ocean. But this isn’t the kind of wastewater 41 flows from city streets into stormwater drains. It’s treated nuclear wastewater used to cool damaged reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, 42 (strike) by an earthquake over a decade ago.
Since the accident, over 1.3 million tons of nuclear wastewater 43 (collect), treated, and stored in a tank farm at the plant. That storage space is about to run out, the Japanese government says, leaving no choice other than 44 (begin) dumping the wastewater into the Pacific.
Japan’s discharge plan involves incrementally (递增地) releasing it over the next three decades, although some experts say it could take longer, given the amount still 45 (produce). Some of Japan’s neighbors are criticizing the plan as unilateral and dangerous. On May 15, South Korea’s opposition leader ridiculed Japanese leaders’ claims that the water is safe enough to drink: “ 46 it is safe enough to drink, they should use it as drinking water.”
Now, American scientists are raising concerns that marine life and ocean currents could carry harmful radioactive isotopes (同位素) —also called radionuclides— 47 the entire Pacific Ocean.
“It’s a trans-boundary and trans-generational event,” says Robert Richmond, director of the Kewalo Marine Laboratory at the University of Hawaii. “ 48 released into the ocean off of Fukushima is not going to stay in one place.”
The radionuclides could be carried by ocean currents, especially the cross-Pacific Kuroshio current. Marine animals that migrate great distances could spread them too. No 49 (worrying) as carriers, Richmond says, are phytoplankton—free-floating organisms that are the basis of the food chain for all marine life and can capture radionuclides from the Fukushima cooling water. When swallowed, those isotopes may “accumulate in a variety of fish, marine mammals, and humans.”
Richmond and Buesseler say that 50 they’ve been allowed access to much of the same data as the IAEA, they remain suspicious. “The root of this problem is that they are moving already with a plan that has not yet shown that it will work,” Buesseler says. “They’re saying, ‘We can make it work. We’ll treat it as many times as it takes.’ If you want to put a nickname on this plan, it’s ‘trust us; we’ll take care of it.’”
（2023高三上·上海·阶段练习）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
What Can One City Do
People around the world are concerned about global warming and are talking about ways to stop it. The city of Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the United States, is doing more than just talking. Cambridge wants to become a world leader in energy-efficient buildings.
Today, Naema Omar is improving her 80-year-old house in Cambridge. To keep the heat inside in the winter, she is filling the space inside the walls with insulation(绝缘). Insulation is usually made from chemicals, but in her house, she is using 51 new - insulation made from recycled blue jeans and other clothes. She has also put in a new type of light called an LED lamp 52 uses only a tiny amount of electricity. The light-bulbs in it last for 20 to 30 years before needing 53 (change).
But eco-friendly insulation and lighting are much more expensive than the usual kind 54 many people in Cambridge can’t afford them. A group called Cambridge Energy Alliance (CEA) 55 (work) to solve this problem. They want to help every resident and business in the city conserve energy. People can ask the group to come and look at 56 they can make their house or office building eco-friendly. The CEA then makes them a plan to save 15 to 30 percent on heating, gas, water, and electricity. Then the group help people borrow money to pay for the improvements. The money that people save by being 57 (efficient) should be enough to pay back the loan.
It was ten years ago that the city of Cambridge decided to try to reduce its carbon emissions. More than 80 percent of the carbon dioxide 58 (produce) in Cambridge comes from buildings - not from cars 59 successful, the program will not only save a lot of energy but also make new jobs for local people. Workers 60 (need) to put in insulation, install better doors and windows, and make other energy improvements on buildings. The CEA hopes that their program will be an example for other cities.
（23-24高三下·上海·阶段练习）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
You may think that mom-and-pop stores are gradually dying out, giving way to chain stores and big business, 61 you would be wrong. The online shopping platform Taobao is a game changer and 62 (revolutionize) the way we buy and sell.
Taobao, or “treasure hunt”, recently became the largest e-commerce website in terms of traffic, surpassing Amazon. It has 190 million 63 (register) users and serves 64 (big) marketplace in the world. Half of China’s Internet users go to Taobao, either to browse, buy or sell, according to Web information company Alexa.
65 Taobao borrowed its original business model from eBay when it started up in 2003, the student soon became the master. Just three years later, eBay shut down its site and now Taobao controls about 80 percent of the country’s online shopping market.
It charges almost 66 to list items for sale and makes most of its money from advertising. It also plans to share transaction data with its users so they can cash it on buying trends. This allows anyone with an idea and a computer to start a viable business, doing away 67 the need for significant start-up capital. 68 opening up a store on the high street selling to passersby, the world is every Taobao user’s oyster.
A friend of mine is a typical. She opened up a store selling children’s clothing near Nuren Jie, 69 was a popular market in Beijing. It was not a great success but her online sales through Taobao went ballistic. She closed the store and is now e-commerce only.
Effectively, taobao has become the country’s high street, but with global reach. 70 China is the world’s manufacturing base, it is relatively easy for individuals to source cheap goods and sell at a reasonable markup. Micro-stores are opening in their thousands every day and delivering an amazing variety of goods.
