专题02 选词填空查缺补漏
·模块一 2021-2023年秋季高考真题特训
·模块二 词性考查规律
·模块三 十一选十解题原则和步骤
·模块四 2024届上海四校八校模考特训
2021年6月秋季高考真题
allow B.bothering C. gap D. inaccessible E. inefficient F. jumped G.customized H. place I. purchase J. skipping K. strategies
Grocery Shopping in Person Or Online: Which Is Better
Karen Spade knows how to collect coupons(优惠券) and price match. She runs her own savings website to teach others to shop and save as she does.
Yet when a nearby grocery store started offering online shopping about a month ago, Spade (31)_______at the chance to try it. She didn't even care there was a delivery fee and the store did not (32) ______ paper coupons or price matching for online orders. Why would a power shopper be willing to give up some of her favorite savings (33)_________ to shop online
"For shoppers(34)___________to collect coupons and price match, shopping in-store will bring bigger savings"Spade explained. But many people are never going to do that and, for them,online shopping is another way to save, because you can keep an eye on your running total as you shop to stick to your budget.
“So Spade took the plunge and managed to ( 35 )__________ her first order. "I went to the store afterwards to test out what the price (36)_________ would have been, she said, "and I found everything ordered was the same price at the store.”
So if this is the case, then it's all about whether you can make back the delivery fee. Stores charge between$7.95 and$12.95 to deliver your groceries, depending on the size of your(37)___________.
You offset(抵消) little of that money right away because you do not have to pay for gas. but the biggest benefit is the time saved by(38)_________ the trip. Shopping online saves time in another way. Even on your very first online shopping trip, if you enter your loyalty card number,all the products you've bought before at the store should pop up as a(n(39)shopping list Just clicks the ones you'd like to buy again and you’re done No(40) __________ wondering in the store.
【答案】
31-40 FAKBH, CIJGE
【解析】
31.F【解析】根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入动词，再结合该空之后提及的 She didn't even care there was a delivery fee 相关内容,可推知 Spade 非常急迫地想抓住这次机会，结合相关选项 jump at the chance 意为“抓住机会”，符合文意，故选 F。
32.A【解析】根据句子结构分析，该空处需要填入动词，结合该空前提及的 She didn't even care there was a delivery fee 和该空后表述的 paper coupons or price matching for online orders 推知，此处想要表述的是“她甚至不在乎送货费，商店也不允许 (allow) 纸质优惠券或网上订单的价格匹配”，故选 A。
33.K[解析]根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入名词，再结合该空前提及的 some of可知，此处需要填入名词的复数形式，结合选项分析，只有 strategies 符合文意，故选 K。
34.B[解析]根据句子结构分析，该空处所做成分为后置定语，即此处需要填入分词来构成分词短语修饰 shoppers，结合该段相关内容和该空之后的 collect coupons and price match，可知此处想要表达的是“这些购物者是费尽心思收集优惠券和比价的”，即此处表示的是主动关系，需填入现在分词，结合选项分析bothering 符合文意，故选 B。
35.H[解析]根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入动词原形，再结合该空之后提及的 her first order 可知，这里表述的是“Spade 的大胆尝试是她下了她的第一个网上订单”，结合相关选项分析，place one's order 有“下某人的订单”之意，故选H36.C[解析]根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入名词，结合选项以及下文提及的and I found everything ordered was the same price at the store 可知，该空处想要表述的是“后来她去商店测试了价格差距gap)，发现所有订购的东西在商店都是样的价格”，故选 C。
37.1[解析]根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入名词，再结合该空前提及的有关送货费用的相关内容 可推知此处想要表达的是“商店送货的费用在 7.95 美元到12.95 美元之间，这取决于你购买(purchase) 的商品的大小”，故选 1。
38J[解析]根据句子结构分析，此处结构为 by doing sth，该空需要填入动词的ing形式，结合该空之前提及的 the biggest benefit is the time saved 可推知，此处想要表述的内容是“网上购物省时省力”，即网上购物通过跳过 (skipping) 旅行来节省时间，故选J。
39.G[解析]根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入形容词做定语修饰 shopping list结合相关选项和上下文内容推知，此处想要表述的是“如果你输入了你的信用卡号，那么你之前在商店购买的所有产品部应该以定制的 (customized) 购物清的形式弹出”，故选 G。
40.E[解析]文章该段内容主要讲述了网上购物的好处，它不仅节省时间还能触展现相关购物清单，这在一定程度上能够提升购物效率，结合选项分析，该空然想要表述的是“在商店里没有效率低下的 (inefficient) 疑惑”，故选 E。
2022年6月秋季高考真题
A pursuits B.interests C.comparable D.innovation E.schedule F.options G.realization H routes I.subjects J.recipes K.motivated
Creativity Is a Human Quality That Exists in US
When you think about creativity,it might be highly creative people like Mozart, da Vinci or Einstein who spring to mind.They were all considered to be"Geniuses”for their somewhat unique talents that led to global (31)______ in their fields. Their type of creativity is what's known as"Big C creativity”(or historical) and is not very common in everyday life. Not all of us can create works of art or music or scientific theories that are new to the world.
But while we can’t all be Mozart, da Vinci or Einstein, many people do enjoy creative activity through hobbies such as water colour painting or playing the piano. And these types of (32) ______ are often what people think of when asked what being creative looks like. Our finished pieces may not be (33) _______ with the likes of the great masters, but often the process is therapeutic and the end result can be aesthetically pleasing.
On top of hobbies and (34)_______, we all possess creative attributes that can help as we solve life's problems and make decisions. It is this type of creativity that enables us to plan different(35)_________ to get to the same destination, or how to fit in a trip to the supermarket when our (36)________ looks full.
It might not sound very creative, but this aspect of creativity relies on our ability to consider(37) ________ and assess their suitability, as well as how to make decisions based on personal prior experience or what we have learnt formally or informally. These examples are known as "Small C creativity”or “personal everyday creativity.
While Big C creativity is valued and celebrated, It is often Small C creativity that has allowed humans to flourish over thousands of years.it sets us apart from other animals and it is also the type of creativity which can be fostered through our education system and beyond into the workplace.
Traditionally, research tells us that creativity has been largely associated with the arts. Our previous research has shown that teachers are often able to give examples of creative activity in arts(38)________, but find it harder to do so when asked to describe creativity in subjects such as science.
But there is a growing(39) _______that opportunities to be creative are found across a broader range of subjects.For instance,engineering provides opportunities to be creative through problem solving. and history gives the opportunity to think creatively about why events happened,
and what(40)________ those involved.
【答案】31-40 DACBH LFIGK
31 D【解析】此处的形容词 global (全球的)应修饰名词，结合前面提到的“当你想到创造力时，你可能会想到像莫扎特、达芬奇或爱因斯坦这样极具创造力的人。他们都被认为是“天才”，因为他们有些独特的才能”，这里讲的是创造力，分析选项，只有“innovation"符合语境及逻辑。此处句意为“他们都被认为是“天才”，因为他们有些独特的才能，导致了他们所在领域的全球创新(innovation)”,故选D。innovation n.创新。
32 A【解析】该空对应的是前面提到的“hobbies such as water colour painting or playing the piano.”，分析选项可知“水彩画或弹钢琴”可以说是“追求”，句意为:当被间及创造力是什么样子时，人们通常会想到这些类型的追求(pursuits)。故选A。pursuits n.追求。
33.C【解析】此处考查固定搭配 be comparable with(与...可比较的,比得上...的),此处旬意为“我们完成的作品可能无法与大师们的作品相提并论(comparable),但通常这个过程是有益的，最终的结果是令人赏心悦目的"，故选C。comparable dj，可比的，可比较的。
34 B【解析】该空与 hobbies 并列，且它们的意思应该是相近的，分析选项可知应选“interests”。句意为“除了爱好和兴趣(interests)，我们都拥有创造性的属性，可以帮助我们解决生活中的问题和做决定”，故选B。interests n，兴趣。
35.H【解析】根据后面的"to get to the same destination(到达同一个目的地)”可以反推出我们需要先计划路线，此处句意为“正是这种创造力使我们能够计划不间的路线(routes)到达同一个目的地”，故选H。routes n路线:路途。
36E【解析】分析透项可知“当我们的时间表看起来很满时”符合语境及逻辑，此处句意为"或者当我们的时间表(schedule)看起来很满时如何安排去超市的旅行”,放选E。schedule，计划(表)，进度表:时间表。
37 F【解析】分析选项，根据后面的"as well as how to make decisions biased on personal prior experience or what we have learnt formally or informally (以及如何根据个人之前的经验或我们正式或非正式地学到的知识做出决定)”可以推测出我们考虑的是“选择”，句意为:这听起来可能不是很有创意，但这方面的创造力依赖于我们考虑选择(options)和评估其适用性的能力，以及如何根据个人之前的经验或我们正式或非正式地学到的知识做出决定。故选F。options n.可选择的事物:选择，选择权。
38.1【解析】根据后面的“but find it harder to do so when asked to describe creativity in subjects such as science"可知此处应为“subjects”。句意为“我们之前的研究表明。教师通常能够给出艺术科目(subjects)中创造性活动的例子，但当被要求描述科学等科目中的创造性时，他们发现很难做到这一点"，故选1。subjects n学科:科目:主题。
39.G【解析】分析选项，“创新的机会在更广泛的学科中存在“属于一种”认识。意识"，此处句意为“但人们越来越意识到(realization)，创新的机会在更广泛的学科中存在"，故选G。realization n.认识，领悟。
40 K【解析】分析句子结构可知此空是一个谓语动词，且时态为一般过去时，应选 motivated。此处句意为“例如，工程学提供了通过解决问题来发挥创造力的机会，而历史则提供了机会来创造性地思考事件发生的原因，以及是什么激发了(motivated )参与者”，故选K。motivated v.成为……的动机，是……的原因;激励，激发。
2023年1月春季高考真题
外刊来源：
digesting B.distinction C.examine D.identical E.intervening F.live G. mixture H.perspective I.shock J. space K. text
Communication-a Thing of the Past
We all think we communicate all the time, and that's true. There's also non-verbal communication you could add into the mix--everything we're saying when we're not saying anything. But there’s a (n) (31 ) _______between saying things to people, or liking and sharing a post on social media, and communication. I'm quite well connected-there's Twitter Facebook,Instagram, Snapchat, email, iEverything (!), but sometimes communication starts to feel like a chore. Check this blog post, read that article someone shared, (32) __________back to someone else, and answer their question.. . Sometimes I feel like a cross between Siri and a mad juggler. Nothing seems to go in and I'm always mixing people up--asking someone how their band is going when they can’t play an instrument or how the job search is going when someone’s just written to say how depressed they are that they can't find a job.
So it was quite a ( n ) (33 )__________ to spend New Year in the Highlands in Scotland with no phone signal, no internet and no "Communication”at all, apart from with the people I was with. Suddenly all the pressure to communicate disappeared. All of our conversations became slower,more inverted and far more interesting. We were a group of 12,a ( n)(34)__________of couples and friends, only one of whom I was at university with, so I was meeting a bunch of new people for the first time. Our conversations veered towards the banal and the humdrum in that we often discussed our plans for the day and what we were going to cook in the evening, but often they went a lot farther and a lot deeper. Tucked up on the leather sofas, (35 )__________dinner, we dissected Brexit and one person even changed their (36 )__________entirely! We shared ideas and theories , plots of books and plays and city trips we'd been on, described family troubles and gave advice, listened to work scenarios and offered pointers, and we had to talk and sketch and use words more than ever before , because you couldn't say, "It's a great film, you should google it later. " Some of us even had sore throats from talking so much! In such a short ( 37 )__________of time, due to the proximity of sharing interconnected cottages and verbal communication, I felt much closer to the new people I'd met and been speaking with than some other people I communicate with in my normal life.
I don't think our common, current methods of communication come close to being in a small house with lots of people and having to communicate (38 )__________. The brevity of Twitter, the showiness of Facebook, all these aspects contribute to a shallow form of communication that doesn't challenge you to ( 39 )__________your feelings and motives enough. "Liking” something is an instant response but what does it really say about your opinion of something It's a (n) (40)__________response to millions of other people, whereas you and your thoughts are unique. If we're not careful , perhaps we might forget how to communicate on a deeper level.
【答案】 31-40 BKIGA HJFCD
【导读】这篇文章讨论了现代通信方式与面对面交流之间的差异。作者提到了社交媒体的流行以及其对真正沟通的影响。然后作者描述了在没有手机信号和互联网的苏格兰高地度过新年的经历，与其他人面对面交流的重要性。作者认为现有的通信方式不足以在深层次上传达思想和感情，并警告我们不要失去面对面交流的能力。
【解析】
B【解析]前一句提到“你也可以把非语言交流加入其中一一当我们什么也没说的时候，我们说了什么”，由But可知这里表转折，也就是说我们在社交媒体上的行为和与他人的交流是有区别的。句意为:“但在社交媒体上对人说话、点赞和分享帖子和交流是有区别(distinction)的”。故选B。distinction.区别。
32.K【解析]结合给出的单词可知只有“texting”属于与他人交流的类别，且可以与Check this blog post、read that article someone shared并列。句意为:“看看这篇博客，读读别人分享的文章，给别人发短信(text)，回答他们的问题……”。故选K。text v.(用手机给某人)发短信。
33.1【解析]此处描述作者处于没有手机带来的“交流”的情况下，结合前一段作者会因不知道如何与人在社交媒体上沟通而烦恼以及给出的单词可推测作者是“震惊的”。句意为:“所以，在苏格兰高地度过新年，没有手机信号、没有互联网，除了和我在一起的人之外，没有任何“交流”，这对我来说是相当令人震惊的(shock)”。故选I。shock n.震惊。
34.G【解析]这12个人里有情侣、朋友、同学,结合所给单词可知此处应填mixture。句意为:“我们一组12人，有情侣也有朋友，只有一个是我的大学同学，所以我第一次认识了一群新朋友”。故选G。mixture n.混杂的事物(人群)。
35.A【解析]结合给出的单词，分析句意可知这里说的是“消化”。句意为:“我们蜷缩在皮沙发上，消化(digesting)晚餐，剖析英国脱欧……”。故选 A。digest v.消化。
36.H【解析]分析选项可知“改变观点”符合语境及逻辑，句意为:“有一个人甚至完全改变了他们的观点(perspective)”，故选H。perspective n.观点;态度;景观。
37.J【解析]a short space of time表示“短时间;一会儿”。句意为:“在这么短的时间里(space)，由于住在彼此相连的小屋里，又有语言上的交流，我觉得与我认识的新朋友和交谈的人比我在平时生活中交流的人要近得多"。故选J。space n.空间:空白。
38.F【解析]现在人们大多用社交软件进行交流，分析选项可知此处句意为:“我不认为我们现在常见的交流方式接近于在一个有很多人的小房子里进行现场(live) 交流”。故选F。live adv.在现场表演(或录制)。39.C【解析]分析选项可知“审视感受和动机”符合语境及逻辑。此处句意为:“Twitter 的简洁，Facebook的炫耀，所有这些方面都导致了一种肤浅的交流形式,无法让你充分审视(examine)自己的感受和动机”。故选C。examine v.检查:审视。
40.D【解析]结合后面的whereas(但是)可知此处为转折关系，可推测前面提到的“点赞”表示人们对事物的反应一致。句意为:“数百万人的反应都是一样的 (identical)，而你和你的想法是独一无二的”。故选 D。identical adj.相同的。
词性考查规律：
1. 主要考查名词，动词，形容词和副词。
2. 动词是考査重点，尤其是动词的分词变形为主;动词时语态与非谓语是高中语法学习的重点。
3. 名词与形容词为次重点，每年都有考査；对于名词与形容词在句中所起作用与相互修饰，需要学生熟练掌握。需要留意doing作动名词，doing/done作形容词等词类活用以及名词作定语修饰名词的现象。
4.副词用于调整题目的难易度与词汇的考査。它在句中的位置灵活，功能强大——可以修饰动词，形容词，副词以及整个句子。一般是二选一。
5. 近几年来越来越加大派生词和合成词的考核，要求学生根据单词构成的规律，正确判断词性和词义。
知识点一（考点汇总）
【知识梳理】
一词多义 一词多性 固定搭配
acknowledgement n.承认；感谢；确认 crack n.裂缝；爆裂声，噼啪声 v.破解；破裂；击中；发出爆裂声，噼啪声； log n.原木；日志 v.登录；记录 it is an acknowledgement that (我们)必须承认 be conscious of有意识的 log on 登录
acknowledge v.承认；感谢；确认 （acknowledged公认的） suspect n.嫌犯 v.怀疑 （suspected adj.可疑的） feature n.特征 v.以…为特色;以…为主要组成; 由…主演;起重要作用 suspected shoplifters 可疑的扒手 grow/be accustomed to 习惯于
overlook v.忽视；俯视 rebellion n.反叛；叛军 reminder n.提醒人的事物;通知单，提示信 address n.地址；演说； v.处理；向…说话；寄给 impose v.强加；征税 （imposing 壮观的） sweep through 横扫
commit v.犯罪；保证，承诺 superior n.上级；较好的人 adj.级别高的，年长的 contact n.联系；联系人；接触（者）；隐形眼镜 v.联系；接触 commit oneself to sth 致力于.
evolve v.进化；演变 （evolving ad.j不断发展的;进化的） literacy n.读写能力；识字；有文化 alert adj.警觉的;警惕的 v.向…报警;使警觉; n.警惕;警报 challenge n./v.挑战 network n.网络；网状系统 v.将…连接成网络;建立联系 mental shift 心态的转变
determined adj.坚定的；确定的，决定的 perform v.表演，表现；履行 (performing adj.表现的) focus n.焦点 v.集中（on） visual worsening视力恶化 modified myopia （改良性）假性近视
【例题精讲】
例1.2018年春季高考
A.address B.fascination C.governed D.imposing E.offensive F.originally G.overlooking H.rebellion I.reminder J.randomly K.swept
Castles also served as symbols of power. Built on prominent sites (39)__________ the surrounding areas, castles constantly loomed in the background of many peasants' lives and served as a daily (40)_____reminder_____ of the lord's strength.
39. G本题考查动词。根据划线部分前后,此处填非谓语动词作sites的定语，同时又和the surrounding areas 构成动宾结构，所以填现在分词overlooking （俯视），这个词也常考忽视的含义。句意：（城堡）建在可以俯瞰周围地区的显著位置。
例2.2019年春季高考
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. repetitive B. continually C. alerts D. pattern E. locate F. mental G. challenge H. network I. evolving J. reversely K. literacy
For example, Ashoka fellow Andrés Gallardo is a Mexican who lived in a high crime neighborhood. He created an app, called Haus, that allows people to ___34___ with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that __alerts__ everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together.
34.H。根据上下文理解，可知此处所提及的app可将邻里之间形成网络，network n.网络 v.形成网络（联系），故选H。
一、十一选十解题原则——先语法后语义
利用语法和基本的构词法知识，分析选项中派生词和不熟悉词汇的词性词义；然后根据上下文判断设空的词性，最后翻译理解句意去确定选项。即利用词性和词性搭配框定选择范围，再用句意明确最终选项，这会提高做题的效率和正确度。
二、十一选十解题步骤（“四步走”）
【步骤1】详读选项，词分类
第一步：详读选项，词分类
选项中的11个词是考查的关键，考生应该详细的理解这11个单词。熟悉的单词标明词性和词义，不 熟悉的单词或者不认识的单词只需标明词性，然后根据名词、动词、形容词、副词四大类按规律排列在试卷上。这样做考生就可以不再是11选1 了，只要根据上下文的逻辑关系或者语法结构，有时候可以是3选 1甚至2选1,缩小了选择的范围，降低了试题的难度。
注意:：
动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。过去分词有两种可能性（形容词和动词的过去分词），无法确定时标问号。
不认识的词要看后缀。构词法中，前缀区分意思，后缀区分词性。所以看词尾往往能大致分出词性。词性无法确定的，暂时搁置。
做岀相应的标记。在英文中有的单词不只有一个词性，比如大家常见的visit, access, approach, challenge, change等就即有名词词性又有动词词性。这时两个都要标岀来。
以-ing或-ed结尾的词既可能是动词，也可能是由现在分词或过去分词转变而成的形容词。
例如：sleeping "She is sleeping ”中就是动词。而在"sleeping beauty”中就是形容词。建议同学们在供选择的词旁将两种词性都标注上，答题时以动词为首选进行判断。
【例题精讲】
例1.
A. exposed B. interacting C. implement D. deliberately E. vision F. balance G. essentially H. extreme I. evolution J. engaged K. impacting
“You use your phone now to receive emails, to text and chat and to access social media platforms—(32)________ your phone may be your connection to your social life.”
32. 该题后是完整的一个句子，因此判定此句不缺少主谓宾成分，而空格谓语句首，只能考虑副词，从句意推导出只能选G. Essentially.
【步骤2】略读全文，定中心
第二步：略读全文，定中心
拿到题目以后，由于考查考生对篇章的理解，应该略读整篇文章，确定文章的中心或主要说明的 问题。文章大概在220词--250词左右，用1分钟左右的时间略读即可。要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题词或主题。和完型填空一样，一般文章第一句不设空格，以便让考生知道本文的相关主题词或主题。在此，建议大家使用略读的方法，以快速掌握文章大意。
【例题精讲】
例1.
A. support B. effectiveness C. expanding D. escape E. reached F. questioning G. switched H. control I. recording J. allowed K. inferring
Shifting from hunting to farming made life 50 percent more difficult for humans, a study by Cambridge University suggests. Although farming (31) ____J. allowed____ previously wandering communities to stay put and grow, it came at a huge cost. Researcher Dr. Mark Dyble, lived with 10 Agta groups and found that those who still hunted and searched for their food spent around 20 hours working in the week to live, but those who had (32) ________ to farming needed to work 30 hours for the same amount of food.
32.先分析缺空词性，由词性搭配和句子结构可知，是一个过去分词：E/G/J。然后可以根据段落大意迅速判断，句首Shifting from hunting to farming ，shift和这里G.switched同为转变的意思。整句话句意：那些仍旧通过打猎和采集的人需要20个小时来获取食物以谋生，但是那些转向耕作的人需要工作30个小时才能获得同样数量的食物。故选G。
【步骤3】瞻前顾后，定词性
第三步：关注上下文，利用逻辑、词义，确定设空词性。
确定空格为名词
a/an/the+n., adj.-s-n., vt.+n.,即空格处前面为冠词、形容词或者及物动词的，空格处应填入名词；
n.+v.,即空格处后面是动词的，空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词)；
prep.+n.,即空格处前面是介词的，空格处充当介词宾语，用填入一个名词或动名词。
确定空格为动词
n./pron.xT n./pron 即空格前面已有名词/代词作主语，后面又有名词/代词作为动词的宾语，空格处应为 及物动词；
n./pron. vi.,即空格处前面是名词/代词，后面没有宾语，空格处应填不及物动词；
⑶n./pron. vi. adv./prep.,即空格处前面是名词/代词，空格处后面是副词/介词，空格处应填入不及物动词， 与副词/介词构成固定搭配；
n./pron. link v./be. adj.,即空格处前面是名词/代词，后面是形容词，空格处应填入系动词或be动词；
tov.,即空格处前有不定式标志to,空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。
确定空格为形容词
adj.+n.或n.+adj.，即空格处前面或者后面为名词的，空格处应填入形容词；
adv.+adj.,即空格处前面是副词的，空格处应填入形容词；
link'be v.+adj.,即空格处前面是系动词或be动词的，空格处应填入形容词作表语。
确定空格为副词
adv.+v.或v.+adv.,即空格处前面或者后面为动词的，空格处应填入副词；
adv.+adj.,即空格姓后面是形容词的，空格处应填入副词。
【例题精讲】
例1.
A. released B. eventually C. delivering D. address E. act F. formerly G. fascination H. sighting I. inquiring J. undertaken K. misidentified
From the early 1950s until 2009, a department in the United Kingdom’s Ministry of Defense (MoD) documented and investigated reports of UFOs. Now, more than a decade after the program ended, many of those (31) _______ classified files about UFO will be made available to the public for the first time.
31. 考查副词。修饰形容词classified。classified 分类的；机密的。根据后文will be made available to the public for the first time 可以看出用formerly 从前地。所以选F。
【步骤4】结合语义，定结果
第四步：复核检查，定结果
篇章词汇理解题目类似于完型填空，这需要考生不仅要迅速的确定答案，还要在确定答案之后迅速的复查。检查上下文是否通顺、上下文的逻辑结构是否正确、文章的意思是否出现偏差等等，复查无误后即可确定为最后答案。
【例题精讲】
例1.
A. backup B. borderlines C. breathlessly D. connectivity E. deskbound F. divorcing
G. functions H. interrupting I. presence J. reluctantly K. update
The same advice applies to internet ___35___. Make sure that if the wireless internet in your home office fails, you can still connect continuously through your smartphone, set up as a Wi-Fi hot spot.
根据句意，填入connectivity，internet connectivity意思是网络的连接。 internet名词做定语修饰connectivity.。
（23-24高三下·上海·阶段练习）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．estimates B．lack C． potential D．crucial E. transforms F. rejected G. anxiety H. unemployed I. routine J. impact K. affects
Joblessness is far more than an economic misfortune. It can be psychological disaster for the 1 and their families. It can cause illness, divide families and create a downward spiral (螺旋式下降) of feelings of worthlessness and 2 of self-esteem. According to research done by M. Harvery Brenner, associate professor of health at Johns Hopkins University, every 1% increase in the unemployment rate 3 37,000 deaths over the next 6 years, including over 20,000 deaths from heart attacks, 900 suicides and nearly 500 deaths from cirrhosis of the liver (肝硬化). In addition, Brenner 4 that 7,500 unemployed or their families will be admitted to prison after committing a crime or to a mental hospital. “The 5 goes well beyond the individual who loses a job,” said Brenner. “Stress caused by economic factors 6 our national life at every level.” Men who have been socialized as the family breadwinner are especially hard hit by unemployment. They suffer greater depression and 7 and have a higher possibility of psychotic behavior than men who are employed. “Nine month on this seems to be a 8 point when hope and patience give out,” said a leading psychologist. “After that illness, suicide, alcoholism, divorce, and even crime grow at an epidemic (流行的) rate.” Left without a job, many workers feel they have nothing to look forward to. They miss their co-workers and the 9 of going to work. For many, the sense of hopelessness grows worse every time they are 10 for a new job. When this happens often enough, the rejection unemployed workers feel may be exacerbated (恶化) if some friends and neighbors avoid them as if they had a contagious disease (传染病).
【答案】
1．H 2．B 3．E 4．A 5．J 6．K 7．G 8．D 9．I 10．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了失业对人身心健康所带来的影响。
1．考查形容词。句意：这对失业者及其家庭来说可能是一场心理灾难。分析句子结构可知，此处使用the+adj表一类人，在句中作宾语，结合句意可知，unemployed“失业的”符合句意，故选择H项。
2．考查动词。句意：它会导致疾病，分裂家庭，并造成无价值感和缺乏自尊的恶性循环。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少and并列连接的谓语动词，情态动词后需使用动词原形，结合句意可知lack“缺乏”符合句意，故选择B项。
3．考查动词。句意：根据约翰斯·霍普金斯大学健康学副教授M.Harvery Brenner的研究，失业率每上升1%，未来6年就会有37000人死亡，其中包括20000多人死于心脏病发作，900人自杀，近500人死于肝硬化。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，一般现在时中主语为第三人称单数，谓语也需要使用第三人称单数every 1% increase in the unemployment rate结合句意可知，transforms“转换”符合句意，故选择E项。
4．考查动词。句意：此外，布伦纳估计，7500名失业者或他们的家人将在犯罪后被送入监狱或精神病院。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，一般现在时中主语为第三人称单数，谓语使用相应的第三人称单数，结合句意可知此处使用estimates “估计”符合句意，故选择A项。
5．考查名词。句意：这种影响远远超出了失业者的范围。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少名词作主语，结合句意可知，此处使用impact“影响”符合句意，故选择J项。
6．考查动词。句意：经济因素造成的压力在各个层面上影响着我们的国民生活。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，一般现在中主语为第三人称单数谓语动词使用相应的第三人称单数，结合句意可知，此处使用affects“影响”符合句意，故选择K项。
7．考查名词。句意：与在职男性相比，他们遭受更大的抑郁和焦虑，并有更高的精神病行为可能性。分析句子结构可知，次出手缺少名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处使用anxiety“焦虑”符合句意，故选择G项。
8．考查形容词。句意：九个月过去了，这似乎是希望和耐心耗尽的关键时刻。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少形容词作定语，根据句意可知，此处使用crucial“关键的”符合句意，故选择D项。
9．考查名词。句意：他们想念同事和上班的日常生活。分析句子结构可知此处缺少名词作表语，结合句可知，此处使用routine“日常”符合题意，故选择I项。
10．考查动词。句意：对许多人来说，每当他们被拒绝找新工作时，绝望感就会变得更严重。结合句意可知，此处使用reject“拒绝”符合题意，主语they和reject是被动关系，应用过去分词形式与are构成一般现在时的被动语态，故选择F项。
（23-24高三下·上海·开学考试）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．noble B．might C． distinct D．splendour E. significantly F. integrated G. predominantly H. shaped I. integral J. generating K. underlying
Welcoming the Year of the Dragon or the Loong
As communities worldwide, both within and outside China, participate in diverse festivities to welcome the Year of the Dragon, the mythical creature has become the subject of debate. Some call it a dragon, while others prefer the term “loong”, 11 a discussion about the most accurate translation of this symbol of traditional Chinese culture.
Do dragon and loong convey the same meaning, or do they represent different creatures with 12 connotations In Western culture, 13 by Greek mythology, the dragon is frequently portrayed as the guardian of treasure, embodying a symbol of greed and destruction. In China, however, the dragon is very positive. It’s an animal that helps humanity and that is 14 , with emperors often referring to themselves as the “true dragon sons of heaven”.
In the Chinese language, more than 100 idioms incorporate the word “dragon”, 15 conveying positive connotations such as excellence, prestige, royalty, 16 and good luck. The term “dragon” remains a pervasive and 17 element in everyday conversations. When people express admiration for a son-in-law, they often refer to him as “a swift son-in-law who rides the dragon”. During weddings, the groom is usually referred to as the dragon and the bride the phoenix.
Why has the loong been translated into English as dragon In the early 19th century, British missionary Robert Morrison compiled the first Chinese-English, English-Chinese dictionary in history, in which he translated the Chinese loong as dragon. The impact of this dictionary was profound, leading to the widespread adoption of the term dragon in the West. Language 18 influences human minds, and as a result, Westerners perceive it intriguing that the Chinese associate themselves with the concept of dragons. In their culture, dragons are symbols of malevolence, contributing to a cultural distortion and misinterpretation.
With China becoming more 19 into the global community and the world becoming more familiar with the Chinese zodiac sign, has the time come to translate the Chinese dragon to loong The issue of translation may seem trivial. What matters more is conveying the true essence of the zodiac dragon. The Chinese people place great importance on welcoming people globally to immerse themselves in the Year of the Dragon’s celebratory spirit and share in the Spring Festival’s joy, warmth and 20 .
【答案】
11．J 12．C 13．H 14．A 15．G 16．B 17．I 18．E 19．F 20．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了中国“龙”的英文翻译问题，应该翻译为dragon还是loong更好。
11．考查非谓语动词。句意：一些人称它为dragon，而另一些人则更喜欢“loong”这个词，这引发了一场关于这个中国传统文化象征的最准确翻译的讨论。根据句意及上下文可知，此处使用动词generate的现在分词generating“引发”，作状语，和主语之间是主动关系。故选J。
12．考查形容词。句意：dragon和loong的意思是一样的吗，或者它们代表不同的生物吗，有着不同的内涵吗？根据句意及上下文可知，此处使用形容词distinct“不同的”，作定语修饰名词connotations。故选C。
13．考查非谓语动词。句意：在西方文化中，受希腊神话的影响，dragon经常被描绘成宝藏的守护者，是贪婪和毁灭的象征。根据句意及上下文可知，此处使用动词shape“影响……的发展”的过去分词shaped“受……的影响”，作状语，和主语之间是被动关系。故选H。
14．考查形容词。句意：它是一种帮助人类的动物，是高贵的，皇帝经常称自己为“真龙天子”。根据句意及上下文可知，此处使用形容词noble “高贵的”，作表语。故选A。
15．考查副词。句意：在汉语中，有100多个成语包含“龙”这个词，主要表达积极的含义，如卓越、威望、皇室、力量和好运。根据句意及上下文可知，此处使用副词predominantly“主要地”，作状语修饰动词conveying。故选G。
16．考查名词。句意：同上。根据句意及上下文可知，此处使用名词might“权势，威力”，和前后文并列作such as的宾语。故选B。
17．考查形容词。句意：“龙”这个词在日常对话中仍然是一个普遍而不可或缺的元素。根据句意及上下文可知，此处使用形容词integral“不可或缺的”，作定语修饰名词element。故选I。
18．考查副词。句意：语言极大地影响着人类的思想，因此，西方人认为中国人把自己与龙的概念联系在一起很有趣。在他们的文化中，龙是邪恶的象征，造成了文化的扭曲和误解。根据句意及上下文可知，此处使用副词significantly“有重大意义地”，作状语修饰动词influences。故选E。
19．考查形容词。句意：随着中国越来越融入国际社会，世界也越来越熟悉中国的生肖，把中国龙翻译成loong的时候到了吗？根据句意及上下文可知，此处使用形容词integrated“完整统一的，融入的”，作表语。故选F。
20．考查名词。句意：中国人民非常重视欢迎世界各国人民沉浸在龙年的庆祝精神中，分享春节的欢乐、温暖和辉煌。根据句意及上下文可知，此处使用名词splendour“雄伟，壮丽，辉煌”，和前文并列作宾语。故选D。
（23-24高三下·上海·阶段练习）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．housed B．simply C．tie D．stretch E．return F．fellow G．previously H．sensitive I．trapped J．minimal K．artificial
Rats and other animals need to be highly dependent on social signals from others so they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this can 21 to non-living beings, researchers at the University of California tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.
They 22 eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat — one social ad one asocial. The robot rats were just like a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels to move around. During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys and opened cage doors to let 23 rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot 24 moved forwards and backwards and side to side.
Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever. The living rats were 52% more likely to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being so that they may have a closer 25 with the social robot. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier and wanting the robot to 26 the favour when they get trapped.
Rats have been shown to engage in multiple forms of mutual help and cooperation, including what is referred to as direct reciprocity where a rat will help another rat that has 27 helped them.
The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robots was surprising given their 28 designs. Researchers assumed that they’d have to give them moving heads and tails, facial features, and put a scent on them to make them smell like real rats, which turned out to be unnecessary.
The finding shows how 29 rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are 30 beings, even when they display only simple social signals. We humans seem to be fascinated by robots and it turns out that other animals are too.
【答案】
21．D 22．A 23．I 24．B 25．C 26．E 27．G 28．J 29．H 30．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。实验发现，老鼠高度依赖别的动物的社会信号，这样它们才能识别出要合作的朋友和要避开的敌人，这一倾向也会延伸到机器老鼠身上。
21．考查动词。句意：为了弄清这是否也适用于非生物，加州大学的研究人员测试了老鼠是否能探测到机器老鼠发出的社交信号。根据前文“Rats and other animals need to be highly dependent on social signals from others so they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.(老鼠和其他动物需要高度依赖别的动物的社会信号，这样它们才能识别出要合作的朋友和要避开的敌人。)”可知，此处是指为了弄清这是否也适用于非生物，stretch to意为“延伸到”，符合句意。故选D。
22．考查动词。句意：他们把8只成年老鼠和两种类型的机器老鼠放在一起——一种是社会性的，一种是非社会性的。根据“eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat”可知，此处是指把8只成年老鼠和两种类型的机器老鼠放在一起。动词house意为“给……提供场地”，符合句意。故选A。
23．考查形容词。句意：在实验过程中，社交机器人老鼠跟着活着的老鼠到处跑，玩同样的玩具，打开笼子门让被困的老鼠逃跑。根据“rats escape”可知，此处是指让被困的老鼠逃跑。形容词trapped意为“被困的”，符合句意。故选I。
24．考查副词。句意：与此同时，非社交机器人只是向前、向后、左右移动。根据“moved forwards and backwards and side to side”可知，此处是指非社交机器人只是向前、向后、左右移动。副词simply意为“只是”，符合句意。故选B。
25．考查名词。句意：这表明老鼠认为社交机器人是一个真正的社会存在，所以它们可能与社交机器人有更紧密的联系。根据“the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being”可知，此处是指它们可能与社交机器人有更紧密的联系。故选C。
26．考查动词。句意：这可能会让老鼠更加记住之前救了它并希望机器人在它们被困时能有所回报。根据“having freed it earlier”可知，此处是指希望机器人能有所回报。动词return意为“回报”，符合句意。故选E。
27．考查副词。句意：老鼠被证明会参与多种形式的互助和合作，包括所谓的直接互惠，即一只老鼠会帮助另一只曾经帮助过它们的老鼠。根据“as direct reciprocity where a rat will help another rat that has”可知，此处是指一只老鼠会帮助另一只曾经帮助过它们的老鼠。副词previously意为“之前”，符合句意。故选G。
28．考查形容词。句意：考虑到社交机器人的极简设计，老鼠愿意和它们交朋友的意愿令人惊讶。根据后文“Researchers assumed that they’d have to give them moving heads and tails, facial features, and put a scent on them to make them smell like real rats, which turned out to be unnecessary.(研究人员认为，他们必须给它们移动的头和尾巴，面部特征，并在它们身上放上一种气味，让它们闻起来像真的老鼠，结果证明这是不必要的。)”可知，此处是指考虑到社交机器人的极简设计。形容词minimal意为“极简的”，符合句意。故选J。
29．考查形容词。句意：这一发现表明，老鼠对社交暗示是多么敏感，即使这些暗示来自基本的机器人。根据“even when they come from basic robots”可知，此处是指老鼠对社交暗示很敏感。故选H。
30．考查形容词。句意：同样，孩子们倾向于把机器人当作同伴对待，即使它们只表现出简单的社交信号。根据“Similarly, children tend to treat robots”可知，此处是指孩子们倾向于把机器人当作同伴对待。形容词fellow意为“同类的，同班的”，符合句意。故选F。
（23-24高三上·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．feature B．rejections C． indescribable D．drawing E. noted F. lives G. hit H. intentional I. resolved J. setting K. band
Jack London: A Fascinating Character
When one mentions Jack London, the most common contemporary references that pop to mind are The Call of the Wild and White Fang. However, upon a closer look at the author, the true depth of how varied and interesting his life and works were can really be 31 .
London is considered America’s best author by many. Most successful and at ease writing short stories, he was also the first author to become genuinely wealthy during his lifetime from selling his work. However, this did not happen overnight: in fact, London received 600 32 before his first story was published for a spread out payment of $5.
During his 40 years, London seemed to have lived 1000 33 . By the age of 18, he had already worked as a coal miner, worked on sealing ships and can factories, and been in a(n) 34 of beggars. At 17, he went to jail in Buffalo, NY for 30 days due to the latter, an experience which proved to be one that even the productive writer himself called 35 .
When he did return to his formal education, he completed high school and then attended UC Berkley, which had been a major dream for him. However, he stopped after just one semester as he ran out of money and carried on to 36 the Klondike Gold Rush with his brother-in-law. That would later be the 37 for some of his most famous works. It was also in the Yukon that London became very ill and began writing. When he returned home, he 38 to become a commercially successful writer and began to write 1000 words daily. He wrote of adventure, politics, humanity, survival, often 39 from a large number of him personal experiences.
London died at the age of 40, from a drug overdose. It is not known whether it was 40 or not, as he made many references to suicide throughout his works.
【答案】
31．E 32．B 33．F 34．K 35．C 36．G 37．J 38．I 39．D 40．H
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍美国作家杰克·伦敦（Jack London）。
31．考查动词。句意：然而，仔细观察作者，他的生活和作品是多么的丰富多彩和有趣，这一点确实是可以看出来的。根据“upon a closer look at the author, the true depth of how varied and interesting his life and works were can really be”可知，这里需要动词note，意为“注意到”，此处用过去分词与前面的can be构成被动语态。故选E。
32．考查名词。句意：然而，这并不是一夜之间发生的：事实上，在他的第一篇报道以5美元的分期付款发表之前，伦敦收到了600份拒绝信。根据“this did not happen overnight”可知，这里需要复数名词rejections，意为“拒绝信”，作宾语。故选B。
33．考查名词。句意：在他的40年里，伦敦似乎经历了1000个人的生活。根据“have lived 1000 ”可知，这里需要名词lives，意为“生活”，作宾语。故选F。
34．考查名词。句意：18岁时，他已经当过煤矿工人，在密封船和罐头厂工作，还加入了一帮乞丐。根据“of beggars”可知，这里需要名词band，意为“帮派”，作宾语。故选K。
35．考查形容词。句意：17岁时，他因后者在纽约州布法罗市入狱30天，事实证明，即使是多产的作家自己也称这种经历难以形容。根据“At 17, he went to jail in Buffalo, NY for 30 days due to the latter,”可知，这里需要形容词indescribable，意为“难以置信的”，作补语。故选C。
36．考查动词。句意：然而，仅仅一个学期后，由于钱花光了，他就停了下来，继续和姐夫一起参加克朗代克淘金热。根据“the Klondike Gold Rush ”可知，这里需要动词hit，意为“加入……的行列、在……中碰运气”，结合carry on to do继续做另一件事情，此处用动词原形。故选G。
37．考查名词。句意：这将是后来他的一些最著名的作品的背景。根据“for some of his most famous works”可知，这里需要名词setting，意为“背景”，作表语。故选J。
38．考查动词。句意：回国后，他决心成为一名在商业上成功的作家，并开始每天写1000字。根据“to become a commercially successful writer and began to write 1000 words daily. ”可知，这里需要动词，意为“下定决心”，作谓语，且为一般过去时，故选I。
39．考查动词。句意：他写冒险、政治、人性、生存，经常从他的大量个人经历中汲取灵感。根据“from a large number of him personal experiences.”可知，这里需要动词draw，意为“吸收”，与逻辑主语He 是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故选D。
40．考查形容词。句意：目前还不知道这是否是故意的，因为他在整个作品中都提到了自杀。根据“as he made many references to suicide throughout his works.”可知，这里需要形容词intentional，意为“故意的”，作表语。故选H。
（22-23高三下·上海·开学考试）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．maximize B．subsequent C． potential D．personalize E. misrepresented F. limited G. marketing H. predictive I. commercial J. speed K. absence
No child or young athlete should be subjected to genetic testing to find sporting talent or improve performance, conclude the experts in a statement published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.
The scientific evidence on the effectiveness of these 41 tests is simply far too weak to back their use, says the experts in the fields of genomics, exercise, sports performance, etc. While the science of genomics has advanced rapidly over the past decade, the ability to interpret the meaning of genetic test results is still at a relatively early stage.
But that has not stopped the growth of the “direct to consumer” genetic tests, which claim to be able to spot children’s athletic talents or tailor training to 42 performance. This fast - growing market has caused fears that the still limited level of knowledge on the genetics of sports performance is being 43 for commercial gain.
To inform the statement, the panel looked at the availability of DIY genetic tests. It found 39 companies 44 tests associated with sport or exercise performance or injury - almost twice as many as in 2018.
The claims included: “ 45 your training based on your sports genetics,” “Give parents and coaches early information on their child’s genetic 46 for success for sports,” and “We use your DNA results to help you lose fat, build muscle, get fitter.”
But the 47 of any good scientific data to guide selection of which variants to test weakens the value of multiple testing. Besides, while there is some evidence to suggest a link with enhanced physical performance, it is very weak, making the 48 value of these tests “actually zero,” says the statement.
The statement emphasizes the 49 of change in gene sequencing technology has got much faster than regulation. And it points out the importance of counselling before any genetic test is taken.
“While further evidence will undoubtedly emerge around the genetics of sport performance in the future, the data are currently very 50 . Therefore, in this stage of limited knowledge, no child or young athlete should be exposed to genetic testing to define or alter training or for talent identification aimed at selecting gifted children or adolescents,” it concludes.
【答案】
41．I 42．A 43．E 44．G 45．D 46．C 47．K 48．H 49．J 50．F
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了专家们在《英国运动医学杂志》上发表的一份声明中得出结论，任何儿童或年轻运动员都不应该为了寻找运动天赋或提高成绩而进行基因检测。
41．考查形容词。句意：基因组学、运动、运动表现等领域的专家说，关于这些商业测试有效性的科学证据太薄弱，无法支持它们的使用。分析句子可知，空后tests为名词，空前these为指示代词，空格处应为形容词形式，commercial“商业的”为形容词，修饰名词tests。符合句意。故选I项。
42．考查动词。句意：但这并没有阻止“直接面向消费者”的基因测试的发展，这些测试声称能够发现儿童的运动天赋，或调整训练以使表现最大化。分析句子可知，空后performance为名词，空前to为不定式结构，空格处应为动词原形，performance作该谓语动词的宾语成分，maximize“使最大化”为动词，符合句意。故选A项。
43．考查动词。句意：这一快速增长的市场引发了人们的担忧，即人们对体育成绩遗传学方面的知识水平仍然有限，但为了商业利益而被歪曲了。分析句子可知，该空格处应为is being done结构，为现在进行时的被动语态结构，空格处应为过去分词形式，misrepresented“歪曲，不如实地叙述”为动词的过去分词形式，符合句意。故选E项。
44．考查名词。句意：研究发现，39家公司的营销测试与运动或运动表现或受伤有关，几乎是2018年的两倍。分析句子可知，空后tests为名词，该空格处应为名词或形容词形式作定语修饰该名词，marketing“营销”为名词作定语修饰tests，构成marketing tests“营销测试”，符合句意。故选G项。
45．考查动词。句意：根据你的运动基因来个性化你的训练。分析句子可知，空后your training为名词短语，空格处应为谓语动词，构成谓宾结构，personalize“使个性化”为动词，符合句意。故选D项。
46．考查名词。句意：给父母和教练提供关于他们孩子在运动上取得成功的遗传潜力的早期信息。分析句子可知，空前genetic为形容词，空格处应为名词形式，被该形容词所修饰，potential“潜力”为名词，符合句意。故选C项。
47．考查名词。句意：但是，缺乏任何良好的科学数据来指导选择哪些变体进行测试，削弱了多重测试的价值。分析句子可知，空前the为定冠词，该空格处应为名词形式，absence“缺乏”为名词，符合句意。故选K项。
48．考查形容词。句意：此外，声明称，虽然有一些证据表明运动与增强的身体表现有关，但证据非常微弱，使得这些测试的预测价值“实际上为零”。分析句子可知，空前the为定冠词，空后value为名词，该空格处应为形容词形式，修饰该名词value，predictive“预言性的”为形容词，符合句意。故选H项。
49．考查名词。句意：该声明强调，基因测序技术的变化速度远远快于监管。分析句子可知，空前the为定冠词，该空格处应为名词形式，speed“速度”为名词，符合句意。故选J项。
50．考查形容词。句意：虽然未来毫无疑问会出现更多关于体育表现基因的证据，但目前的数据非常有限。分析句子可知，空前为系动词are和副词very，该空格处应为形容词形式，构成主系表结构，此外该形容词被副词very所修饰，limited“有限的”为形容词，符合句意。故选F项。
（23-24高三上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．celebrate B．overlooked C． circumstances D．cast E. incredibly F. factors G. unspoken H. swim I. strongly J. normal K. assume
Self-Silencing Is Making Women Sick
In the late 1980s, Harvard-trained psychologist Dana Jack identified a recurring theme among female patients suffering from depression: a tendency to self-silence, defined as “the tendency to engage in uncontrollable caretaking, pleasing the other, and restriction of self-expression in relationships in an attempt to achieve intimacy and meet relational needs.” He found that this learned behavior, 51 rooted in gender norms, was linked to an increased risk of depression.
Since then, considerable evidence has revealed that female self-silencing isn’t just tied to psychological issues like depression and eating disorders, but also to physical illness. Most worryingly, it has also been linked to higher risk of premature death. This was true even when 52 such as age, blood pressure, and smoking were taken into account.
When women push their feelings down and 53 their needs aside, their health suffers. But it can be difficult for women to do otherwise in cultures that 54 these self-silencing practices. Moms are praised for being painstakingly selfless to the point of self-sacrifice. These 55 standards establish a vicious (恶性的) cycle. For many women, it feels easier—beneficial, even—to silence their needs at the expense of their own health, rather than 56 against the prevailing cultural current.
In his best-selling book, The Myth of Normal, physician and author Gabor Mate writes that many of our society’s most “normalized ways of being” are, in fact, 57 toxic. “That ‘not listening to self’ in order to prioritize others’ needs is a significant source of the health-impairing roles women 58 ,” Mate explains. “It is among the medically 59 but extremely harmful ways in which our society’s ‘normal’ imposes a major health cost on women.”
To reshape the virtues of womanhood, a new “ 60 ” needs to emerge—one in which we honor our emotions, prioritize our needs, and actively communicate our boundaries. Such a shift requires change on both the individual and societal level, and will by no means be easy. But it’s certainly worth it—after all, women’s lives depend on it.
【答案】
51．I 52．F 53．D 54．A 55．G 56．H 57．E 58．K 59．B 60．J
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是研究发现女性的自我沉默不仅与抑郁和饮食失调等心理问题有关，还与身体疾病有关，为了重塑女性的美德，需要尊重自己的情感，优先考虑自己的需求，并积极沟通我们的界限。
51．考查副词。句意：他发现，这种习得性行为强有力地植根于性别规范，与抑郁风险的增加有关。分析句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语修饰动词rooted，结合句意可知，此处表示“强有力地”应为strongly符合语境。故选I项。
52．考查名词。句意：即使将年龄、血压和吸烟等因素考虑在内，结果也是如此。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作主语，结合句意以及下文中的“such as age, blood pressure, and smoking”可知，此处表示“因素”应为factor且谓语动词为were taken，所以此处应是名词复数形式。故选F项。
53．考查动词。句意：当女性压抑自己的感受，把自己的需求放在一边时，她们的健康就会受到影响。分析句子结构可知，此处应与上文中的“push their feelings down”为并列谓语部分，结合句意可知，此处表示“抛弃”应为cast away，与push down为并列谓语，所以此处应使用一般现在时，句子主语为名词复数形式，所以此处使用动词原形。故选D项。
54．考查动词。句意：但在颂扬这些自我沉默行为的文化中，女性很难做出其他选择。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句的谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处表示“赞扬”应为celebrate，结合上下文语境可知，此处应使用一般过去时，描述的是当前的客观事实，且与句子主语that指代的先行词cultures之间为主动关系，且主语为名词复数，所以此处使用动词原形。故选A项。
55．考查形容词。句意：这些不言而喻的标准建立了一个恶性循环。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作定语，结合句意可知，此处表示“未说出来的”符合语境。故选G项。
56．考查动词。句意：对许多女性来说，以牺牲自己的健康为代价来抑制自己的需求，比与主流文化逆流而行更容易——甚至更有益。结合句意可知，此处表示“逆流而上”应为swim against，分析句子结构可知，rather than连接两个不定式结构，所以此处应使用动词原形。故选H项。
57．考查副词。句意：医生兼作家Gabor Mate在他的畅销书《正常的神话》中写道，我们社会中许多最“正常的存在方式”实际上是非常有害的。分析句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语修饰形容词toxic，结合句意可知，此处表示“非常地”应为Incredibly符合语境。故选E项。
58．考查动词。句意：“为了优先考虑他人的需求而‘不倾听自己’是女性扮演损害健康角色的一个重要来源，” Mate解释说。分析句子结构可知，此处应为定语从句中的谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处表示“承担”应为assume，根据全文语境，此处讲述的是当前的客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，且与句子主语women之间为主动关系，主语为名词复数，所以使用动词原形。故选K项。
59．考查动词。句意：这是医学上被忽视但极其有害的方式之一，我们的社会‘正常’给女性带来了巨大的健康成本。分析句子结构可知，此处应为but后的harmful为并列关系作定语修饰名词ways，结合句意可知，此处表示“忽视”应为overlook，overlook与所修饰词ways之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式overlooked意为“被忽视的”符合语境。故选B项。
60．考查形容词。句意：为了重塑女性的美德，需要出现一种新的“常态”——我们尊重自己的情感，优先考虑自己的需求，并积极沟通我们的界限。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作定语修饰名词needs，结合句意以及上文中的“our society’s ‘normal’ imposes a major health cost on women.”可知，此处表示“正常的”应为normal。故选J项。
（2023高三上·上海·阶段练习）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．bidding B．formerly C． survived D．classify E. version F. exceeded G. specializing H. necessarily I. authenticity J. overstated K. antiquarian
Rare copy of Shakespeare’s First Folio sold for almost $10 million Wednesday, becoming the most expensive work of literature ever to appear at auction.
The First Folio is considered among the most important collections of literature in the English language. It contains 18 works that had not 61 appeared in print, and would otherwise have been lost to history, including “Macbeth” and “Twelfth Night.”
Published in 1623 by the actors John Heminge and Henry Condell, friends of the English playwright, the book is formally titled “Comedies, Histories, and Tragedies,” based on the three genres the part used to 62 the plays.
The 63 sold on Wednesday was the first complete copy to appear at auction since one went for $6.1 million in 2001. After a six-minute 64 battle between three telephone buyers, the item was purchased by book dealer and 65 Stephan Loewentheil for $9.98 million. In a phone interview following the sale, he described Shakespeare’s original folios as the “holy grail(圣杯)of books.”
“It is the greatest work in the English language, surely the greatest work of theater, so it’s something that anyone who loves intellectualism has to consider a holy object,” said Loewentheil, who owns stores 66 in rare books and photography in New York and Maryland.
Although around 750 copies of the First Folio were produced, just 235 are known to have 67 to the present day. Of these, only 56 are considered to be complete, with almost all of them now held by institutions in the US and UK, according to Christie’s, whose sale catalog said the item’s “extraordinary rarity ... cannot be 68 .”
The book came in a binding dating back to the early 19th century. It was sold alongside a letter by Shakespeare scholar Edmond Malone from 1809 confirming its 69 .
The final sale price 70 the auction house’s estimates, which had predicted top bids of $4 million to $6 million.
【答案】
61．B 62．D 63．E 64．A 65．K 66．G 67．C 68．J 69．I 70．F
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，周三，莎士比亚的《第一对开本》罕见副本以近1000万美元的价格售出，成为有史以来拍卖会上最贵的文学作品。文章主要介绍了这部作品集。
61．考查副词。句意：它包含了18部以前从未出版过的作品，如果没有这个作品集，这些作品就会被历史遗忘，包括《麦克白》和《第十二夜》。根据“18 works that had not”结合句意“以前”可知，副词formerly符合题意，意为“以前”作状语修饰appeared。故选B。
62．考查动词。句意：1623年，演员John Heminge和Henry Condell出版了这本书，他们是这位英国剧作家的朋友，这本书的正式名称是《喜剧、历史和悲剧》，基于这对搭档用来对戏剧进行分类的三种类型。空前的to是不定式符号，所以空处填动词原形，结合句意可知，动词categorize“将……分类”符合题意。故选D。
63．考查名词。句意：周三售出的版本是自2001年有人出价610万美元以来，首次出现在拍卖会上的完整副本。分析句子可知，空处应填名词作主语，结合句意及“the first complete copy”可知，version“版本”符合题意。故选E。
64．考查名词。句意：在三位电话买家进行了六分钟的竞价后，这本书被书商兼古董商Stephan Loewentheil以998万美元的价格买走。根据“battle between three telephone buyers”以及句意“竞价”可知应填名词bidding，作宾语。故选A。
65．考查名词。句意：在三位电话买家进行了六分钟的竞价后，这本书被书商兼古董商Stephan Loewentheil以998万美元的价格买走。根据“the item was purchased by book dealer and”以及句意“古董商”可知应填antiquarian，故选K。
66．考查动词。句意：“这是英语语言中最伟大的作品，当然也是最伟大的戏剧作品，所以任何热爱理智主义的人都必须把它视为圣物，”在纽约和马里兰州拥有专营珍本书籍和摄影的商店的洛文希尔说。根据“in rare books and photography in New York and Maryland”以及句意“专营”可知应填现在分词specializing，作定语修饰名词stores。故选G。
67．考查动词。句意：尽管《第一对开本》的抄本大约有750本，但流传至今的只有235本。根据“just 235 are known to have”以及语境表示“幸存”可知应填动词survive，结合have可知为现在完成时。故选C。
68．考查动词。句意：据佳士得称，其中只有56件被认为是完整的，几乎所有藏品现在都由美国和英国的机构持有。佳士得的拍卖目录称，这件藏品“极其罕见……怎么说都不为过。”根据“extraordinary rarity”以及语境“夸大”可知应填overstated，与主语构成被动关系，cannot后跟动词原形。故选J。
69．考查名词。句意：与这幅画一起被出售的还有莎士比亚学者埃德蒙·马龙1809年写的一封确认其真实性的信。根据“a letter by Shakespeare scholar Edmond Malone from 1809 confirming its”以及句意“真实性”可知应填名词authenticity，作宾语。故选I。
70．考查动词。句意：最终成交价超出了拍卖行的预估，该公司预计最高出价为400万至600万美元。根据“the auction house’s estimates, which had predicted top bids of $4 million to $6 million”以及句意“超出”可知应填exceeded，为一般过去时。故选F。
（23-24高三上·上海·阶段练习）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．assigned B．attractive C． bridge D．cooperating E. exposed F. possessions G. requests H. screen I. socializing J. unappealing K. virtual
The office used to be a place people went because they had to. Meetings happened in conference rooms and in person. Desks took up most of the space. The kingdom of Dilbert and of David Brent is now under threat. The pandemic has 71 the office to competition from remote working, and brought up questions about how it should be designed in the future.
Start with what the office is for. In the past it was a place for employees to get their work done, whatever form that took. Now other conceptions of its role strive for attention. Some think of the office as the new offsite (异地活动) . Its purpose is to get people together in person so they can do the things that remote working makes harder: establishing deeper relationships or 72 in real time on specific projects. Others talk of the office as a destination, a place that has to make the idea of getting out of bed earlier, in order to socialize with people who may have covid-19, seem 73 .
In other words, a layout that is largely devoted to people working at desks alongside the same colleagues each day all feels very 2019. With fewer people coming in and more emphasis on cooperation, fewer desks will be 74 to individuals. Instead, there will be more shared areas, where people in a team can work together flexible. More hot-desking (轮用办公桌) will also necessitate storage space for personal 75 : lockers may soon be back in your life.
To 76 gaps between teams, one strategy is to set aside more of the office to present the work of each department. Another option is to provide everyone with drink. Expect more space to be set aside for 77 and events. Bars in offices are apparently going to be a thing. Robin Avia of Gensler, an architecture firm, says she is seeing lots of 78 for places, like large auditoriums, where a company's clients can have “experiences”.
Designs for the post-covid office must also allow for hybrid work. Meetings have to work for 79 participants as well as for in-person contributors; cameras, screens and microphones will multiply. Gensler's New York offices feature mini-meeting rooms that have a monitor and a half-table sticking out from the wall below it, with seating for 4 or 5 people arranged to face the 80 , not each other.
【答案】
71．E 72．D 73．B 74．A 75．F 76．C 77．I 78．G 79．K 80．H
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了疫情导致的办公室布置和格局的变化。
71．考查动词。句意：疫情使办公室面临远程办公的竞争，并提出了未来如何设计办公室的问题。结合下文的介词to可知，此处构成固定搭配expose sth. to...意思为“将某物暴露于”，故用过去分词exposed，与前面的has构成现在完成时。故选E。
72．考查动词。句意：它的目的是让人们聚在一起，这样他们就可以完成远程工作变得更加困难的事情；建立更深层次的关系或在特定项目上进行实时合作。结合上文“get people together in person (让人们聚在一起)”可知，在办公室人们可以聚到一起，目的之一是进行实时合作。故该空处意思为“合作”，故用cooperating，与or前面的establishing构成选择关系。故选D。
73．考查形容词。句意：其他人则将办公室视为一个目的地，一个必须让人们早点起床，以便与可能患有新冠肺炎的人交往的地方，这似乎很有吸引力。结合上文“seem”和句子意思可知，该空处意思为“有吸引力的”，故用形容词attractive，作表语。故选B。
74．考查动词。句意：随着进来的人越来越少，越来越强调合作，分配给个人的办公桌将越来越少。结合下文“Instead, there will be more shared areas, where people in a team can work together flexible. More hot-desking will also necessitate storage space for personal possessions (相反，将会有更多的共享区域，团队中的人们可以灵活地在一起工作。更多的办公桌轮换制也将需要储存个人物品的空间)”可知，分配给个人的办公桌将越来越少，故该空处意思为“分配”，且主语fewer desks与动词assign为被动关系，故用过去分词assigned，will be assigned，为一般将来时的被动语态。故选A。
75．考查名词。句意：更多的办公桌轮换制也将需要储存个人物品的空间：储物柜可能很快就会回到你的生活中。结合上文的“necessitate storage space (需要存储空间)”和下文“lockers may soon be back in your life (储物柜可能很快就会回到你的生活中)”可知，该空处意思为“个人财产”，故用名词possession，用作“个人财产”之意时通常用复数形式possessions，作介词for的宾语。故选F。
76．考查动词。句意：为了消除团队之间的差距，一种策略是留出更多的办公室来展示每个部门的工作。结合上文“gaps between teams(团队之间的差距)”可知，该空处意思为“消除”，故用动词bridge，to bridge gaps between teams作目的状语。故选C。
77．考查名词。句意：预计会有更多的空间留给社交和活动。结合下文“Bars in offices are apparently going to be a thing. (办公室里的酒吧显然将成为一种风尚。)”可知，办公室里的酒吧是让人社交的地方，故该空处意思为“社交”，故用名词socializing，作介词for的宾语。故选I。
78．考查名词。句意：一家名为Gensler的建筑公司的Robin Avia说，她看到了很多对场地的需求，比如大型礼堂，公司的客户可以在那里“体验”。结合下文“like large auditoriums, where a company’s clients can have “experiences ”. (比如大型礼堂，公司的客户可以在那里“体验”。)”可知，空后举例说明了对新用途的空间的需求，故该空处意思为“需求”，且用于lots of后，故用可数名词复数requests，作宾语。故选G。
79．考查形容词。句意：会议必须既适用于虚拟参与者，也适用于现场贡献者；摄像头、屏幕和麦克风将成倍增加。结合下文“as well as for in-person con专题02 选词填空查缺补漏
·模块一 2021-2023年秋季高考真题特训
·模块二 词性考查规律
·模块三 十一选十解题原则和步骤
·模块四 2024届上海四校八校模考特训
2021年6月秋季高考真题
allow B.bothering C. gap D. inaccessible E. inefficient F. jumped G.customized H. place I. purchase J. skipping K. strategies
Grocery Shopping in Person Or Online: Which Is Better
Karen Spade knows how to collect coupons(优惠券) and price match. She runs her own savings website to teach others to shop and save as she does.
Yet when a nearby grocery store started offering online shopping about a month ago, Spade (31)_______at the chance to try it. She didn't even care there was a delivery fee and the store did not (32) ______ paper coupons or price matching for online orders. Why would a power shopper be willing to give up some of her favorite savings (33)_________ to shop online
"For shoppers(34)___________to collect coupons and price match, shopping in-store will bring bigger savings"Spade explained. But many people are never going to do that and, for them,online shopping is another way to save, because you can keep an eye on your running total as you shop to stick to your budget.
“So Spade took the plunge and managed to ( 35 )__________ her first order. "I went to the store afterwards to test out what the price (36)_________ would have been, she said, "and I found everything ordered was the same price at the store.”
So if this is the case, then it's all about whether you can make back the delivery fee. Stores charge between$7.95 and$12.95 to deliver your groceries, depending on the size of your(37)___________.
You offset(抵消) little of that money right away because you do not have to pay for gas. but the biggest benefit is the time saved by(38)_________ the trip. Shopping online saves time in another way. Even on your very first online shopping trip, if you enter your loyalty card number,all the products you've bought before at the store should pop up as a(n(39)shopping list Just clicks the ones you'd like to buy again and you’re done No(40) __________ wondering in the store.
2022年6月秋季高考真题
A pursuits B.interests C.comparable D.innovation E.schedule F.options G.realization H routes I.subjects J.recipes K.motivated
Creativity Is a Human Quality That Exists in US
When you think about creativity,it might be highly creative people like Mozart, da Vinci or Einstein who spring to mind.They were all considered to be"Geniuses”for their somewhat unique talents that led to global (31)______ in their fields. Their type of creativity is what's known as"Big C creativity”(or historical) and is not very common in everyday life. Not all of us can create works of art or music or scientific theories that are new to the world.
But while we can’t all be Mozart, da Vinci or Einstein, many people do enjoy creative activity through hobbies such as water colour painting or playing the piano. And these types of (32) ______ are often what people think of when asked what being creative looks like. Our finished pieces may not be (33) _______ with the likes of the great masters, but often the process is therapeutic and the end result can be aesthetically pleasing.
On top of hobbies and (34)_______, we all possess creative attributes that can help as we solve life's problems and make decisions. It is this type of creativity that enables us to plan different(35)_________ to get to the same destination, or how to fit in a trip to the supermarket when our (36)________ looks full.
It might not sound very creative, but this aspect of creativity relies on our ability to consider(37) ________ and assess their suitability, as well as how to make decisions based on personal prior experience or what we have learnt formally or informally. These examples are known as "Small C creativity”or “personal everyday creativity.
While Big C creativity is valued and celebrated, It is often Small C creativity that has allowed humans to flourish over thousands of years.it sets us apart from other animals and it is also the type of creativity which can be fostered through our education system and beyond into the workplace.
Traditionally, research tells us that creativity has been largely associated with the arts. Our previous research has shown that teachers are often able to give examples of creative activity in arts(38)________, but find it harder to do so when asked to describe creativity in subjects such as science.
But there is a growing(39) _______that opportunities to be creative are found across a broader range of subjects.For instance,engineering provides opportunities to be creative through problem solving. and history gives the opportunity to think creatively about why events happened,
and what(40)________ those involved.
2023年1月春季高考真题
外刊来源：
digesting B.distinction C.examine D.identical E.intervening F.live G. mixture H.perspective I.shock J. space K. text
Communication-a Thing of the Past
We all think we communicate all the time, and that's true. There's also non-verbal communication you could add into the mix--everything we're saying when we're not saying anything. But there’s a (n) (31 ) _______between saying things to people, or liking and sharing a post on social media, and communication. I'm quite well connected-there's Twitter Facebook,Instagram, Snapchat, email, iEverything (!), but sometimes communication starts to feel like a chore. Check this blog post, read that article someone shared, (32) __________back to someone else, and answer their question.. . Sometimes I feel like a cross between Siri and a mad juggler. Nothing seems to go in and I'm always mixing people up--asking someone how their band is going when they can’t play an instrument or how the job search is going when someone’s just written to say how depressed they are that they can't find a job.
So it was quite a ( n ) (33 )__________ to spend New Year in the Highlands in Scotland with no phone signal, no internet and no "Communication”at all, apart from with the people I was with. Suddenly all the pressure to communicate disappeared. All of our conversations became slower,more inverted and far more interesting. We were a group of 12,a ( n)(34)__________of couples and friends, only one of whom I was at university with, so I was meeting a bunch of new people for the first time. Our conversations veered towards the banal and the humdrum in that we often discussed our plans for the day and what we were going to cook in the evening, but often they went a lot farther and a lot deeper. Tucked up on the leather sofas, (35 )__________dinner, we dissected Brexit and one person even changed their (36 )__________entirely! We shared ideas and theories , plots of books and plays and city trips we'd been on, described family troubles and gave advice, listened to work scenarios and offered pointers, and we had to talk and sketch and use words more than ever before , because you couldn't say, "It's a great film, you should google it later. " Some of us even had sore throats from talking so much! In such a short ( 37 )__________of time, due to the proximity of sharing interconnected cottages and verbal communication, I felt much closer to the new people I'd met and been speaking with than some other people I communicate with in my normal life.
I don't think our common, current methods of communication come close to being in a small house with lots of people and having to communicate (38 )__________. The brevity of Twitter, the showiness of Facebook, all these aspects contribute to a shallow form of communication that doesn't challenge you to ( 39 )__________your feelings and motives enough. "Liking” something is an instant response but what does it really say about your opinion of something It's a (n) (40)__________response to millions of other people, whereas you and your thoughts are unique. If we're not careful , perhaps we might forget how to communicate on a deeper level.
词性考查规律：
1. 主要考查名词，动词，形容词和副词。
2. 动词是考査重点，尤其是动词的分词变形为主;动词时语态与非谓语是高中语法学习的重点。
3. 名词与形容词为次重点，每年都有考査；对于名词与形容词在句中所起作用与相互修饰，需要学生熟练掌握。需要留意doing作动名词，doing/done作形容词等词类活用以及名词作定语修饰名词的现象。
4.副词用于调整题目的难易度与词汇的考査。它在句中的位置灵活，功能强大——可以修饰动词，形容词，副词以及整个句子。一般是二选一。
5. 近几年来越来越加大派生词和合成词的考核，要求学生根据单词构成的规律，正确判断词性和词义。
【知识梳理】
一词多义 一词多性 固定搭配
acknowledgement n.承认；感谢；确认 crack n.裂缝；爆裂声，噼啪声 v.破解；破裂；击中；发出爆裂声，噼啪声； log n.原木；日志 v.登录；记录 it is an acknowledgement that (我们)必须承认 be conscious of有意识的 log on 登录
acknowledge v.承认；感谢；确认 （acknowledged公认的） suspect n.嫌犯 v.怀疑 （suspected adj.可疑的） feature n.特征 v.以…为特色;以…为主要组成; 由…主演;起重要作用 suspected shoplifters 可疑的扒手 grow/be accustomed to 习惯于
overlook v.忽视；俯视 rebellion n.反叛；叛军 reminder n.提醒人的事物;通知单，提示信 address n.地址；演说； v.处理；向…说话；寄给 impose v.强加；征税 （imposing 壮观的） sweep through 横扫
commit v.犯罪；保证，承诺 superior n.上级；较好的人 adj.级别高的，年长的 contact n.联系；联系人；接触（者）；隐形眼镜 v.联系；接触 commit oneself to sth 致力于.
evolve v.进化；演变 （evolving ad.j不断发展的;进化的） literacy n.读写能力；识字；有文化 alert adj.警觉的;警惕的 v.向…报警;使警觉; n.警惕;警报 challenge n./v.挑战 network n.网络；网状系统 v.将…连接成网络;建立联系 mental shift 心态的转变
determined adj.坚定的；确定的，决定的 perform v.表演，表现；履行 (performing adj.表现的) focus n.焦点 v.集中（on） visual worsening视力恶化 modified myopia （改良性）假性近视
【例题精讲】
例1.
A.address B.fascination C.governed D.imposing E.offensive F.originally G.overlooking H.rebellion I.reminder J.randomly K.swept
Castles also served as symbols of power. Built on prominent sites (39)__________ the surrounding areas, castles constantly loomed in the background of many peasants' lives and served as a daily (40)_____reminder_____ of the lord's strength.
例2.Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. repetitive B. continually C. alerts D. pattern E. locate F. mental G. challenge H. network I. evolving J. reversely K. literacy
For example, Ashoka fellow Andrés Gallardo is a Mexican who lived in a high crime neighborhood. He created an app, called Haus, that allows people to ___34___ with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that __alerts__ everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together.
一、十一选十解题原则——先语法后语义
利用语法和基本的构词法知识，分析选项中派生词和不熟悉词汇的词性词义；然后根据上下文判断设空的词性，最后翻译理解句意去确定选项。即利用词性和词性搭配框定选择范围，再用句意明确最终选项，这会提高做题的效率和正确度。
二、十一选十解题步骤（“四步走”）
【步骤1】详读选项，词分类
第一步：详读选项，词分类
选项中的11个词是考查的关键，考生应该详细的理解这11个单词。熟悉的单词标明词性和词义，不 熟悉的单词或者不认识的单词只需标明词性，然后根据名词、动词、形容词、副词四大类按规律排列在试卷上。这样做考生就可以不再是11选1 了，只要根据上下文的逻辑关系或者语法结构，有时候可以是3选 1甚至2选1,缩小了选择的范围，降低了试题的难度。
注意:：
动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。过去分词有两种可能性（形容词和动词的过去分词），无法确定时标问号。
不认识的词要看后缀。构词法中，前缀区分意思，后缀区分词性。所以看词尾往往能大致分出词性。词性无法确定的，暂时搁置。
做岀相应的标记。在英文中有的单词不只有一个词性，比如大家常见的visit, access, approach, challenge, change等就即有名词词性又有动词词性。这时两个都要标岀来。
以-ing或-ed结尾的词既可能是动词，也可能是由现在分词或过去分词转变而成的形容词。
例如：sleeping "She is sleeping ”中就是动词。而在"sleeping beauty”中就是形容词。建议同学们在供选择的词旁将两种词性都标注上，答题时以动词为首选进行判断。
【例题精讲】
例1.
A. exposed B. interacting C. implement D. deliberately E. vision F. balance G. essentially H. extreme I. evolution J. engaged K. impacting
“You use your phone now to receive emails, to text and chat and to access social media platforms—(32)________ your phone may be your connection to your social life.”
【步骤2】略读全文，定中心
第二步：略读全文，定中心
拿到题目以后，由于考查考生对篇章的理解，应该略读整篇文章，确定文章的中心或主要说明的 问题。文章大概在220词--250词左右，用1分钟左右的时间略读即可。要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题词或主题。和完型填空一样，一般文章第一句不设空格，以便让考生知道本文的相关主题词或主题。在此，建议大家使用略读的方法，以快速掌握文章大意。
【例题精讲】
例1.
A. support B. effectiveness C. expanding D. escape E. reached F. questioning G. switched H. control I. recording J. allowed K. inferring
Shifting from hunting to farming made life 50 percent more difficult for humans, a study by Cambridge University suggests. Although farming (31) ____J. allowed____ previously wandering communities to stay put and grow, it came at a huge cost. Researcher Dr. Mark Dyble, lived with 10 Agta groups and found that those who still hunted and searched for their food spent around 20 hours working in the week to live, but those who had (32) ________ to farming needed to work 30 hours for the same amount of food.
【步骤3】瞻前顾后，定词性
第三步：关注上下文，利用逻辑、词义，确定设空词性。
确定空格为名词
a/an/the+n., adj.-s-n., vt.+n.,即空格处前面为冠词、形容词或者及物动词的，空格处应填入名词；
n.+v.,即空格处后面是动词的，空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词)；
prep.+n.,即空格处前面是介词的，空格处充当介词宾语，用填入一个名词或动名词。
确定空格为动词
n./pron.xT n./pron 即空格前面已有名词/代词作主语，后面又有名词/代词作为动词的宾语，空格处应为 及物动词；
n./pron. vi.,即空格处前面是名词/代词，后面没有宾语，空格处应填不及物动词；
⑶n./pron. vi. adv./prep.,即空格处前面是名词/代词，空格处后面是副词/介词，空格处应填入不及物动词， 与副词/介词构成固定搭配；
n./pron. link v./be. adj.,即空格处前面是名词/代词，后面是形容词，空格处应填入系动词或be动词；
tov.,即空格处前有不定式标志to,空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。
确定空格为形容词
adj.+n.或n.+adj.，即空格处前面或者后面为名词的，空格处应填入形容词；
adv.+adj.,即空格处前面是副词的，空格处应填入形容词；
link'be v.+adj.,即空格处前面是系动词或be动词的，空格处应填入形容词作表语。
确定空格为副词
adv.+v.或v.+adv.,即空格处前面或者后面为动词的，空格处应填入副词；
adv.+adj.,即空格姓后面是形容词的，空格处应填入副词。
【例题精讲】
例1.
A. released B. eventually C. delivering D. address E. act F. formerly G. fascination H. sighting I. inquiring J. undertaken K. misidentified
From the early 1950s until 2009, a department in the United Kingdom’s Ministry of Defense (MoD) documented and investigated reports of UFOs. Now, more than a decade after the program ended, many of those (31) _______ classified files about UFO will be made available to the public for the first time.
【步骤4】结合语义，定结果
第四步：复核检查，定结果
篇章词汇理解题目类似于完型填空，这需要考生不仅要迅速的确定答案，还要在确定答案之后迅速的复查。检查上下文是否通顺、上下文的逻辑结构是否正确、文章的意思是否出现偏差等等，复查无误后即可确定为最后答案。
【例题精讲】
例1.
A. backup B. borderlines C. breathlessly D. connectivity E. deskbound F. divorcing
G. functions H. interrupting I. presence J. reluctantly K. update
The same advice applies to internet ___35___. Make sure that if the wireless internet in your home office fails, you can still connect continuously through your smartphone, set up as a Wi-Fi hot spot.
（23-24高三下·上海·阶段练习）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．estimates B．lack C． potential D．crucial E. transforms F. rejected G. anxiety H. unemployed I. routine J. impact K. affects
Joblessness is far more than an economic misfortune. It can be psychological disaster for the 1 and their families. It can cause illness, divide families and create a downward spiral (螺旋式下降) of feelings of worthlessness and 2 of self-esteem. According to research done by M. Harvery Brenner, associate professor of health at Johns Hopkins University, every 1% increase in the unemployment rate 3 37,000 deaths over the next 6 years, including over 20,000 deaths from heart attacks, 900 suicides and nearly 500 deaths from cirrhosis of the liver (肝硬化). In addition, Brenner 4 that 7,500 unemployed or their families will be admitted to prison after committing a crime or to a mental hospital. “The 5 goes well beyond the individual who loses a job,” said Brenner. “Stress caused by economic factors 6 our national life at every level.” Men who have been socialized as the family breadwinner are especially hard hit by unemployment. They suffer greater depression and 7 and have a higher possibility of psychotic behavior than men who are employed. “Nine month on this seems to be a 8 point when hope and patience give out,” said a leading psychologist. “After that illness, suicide, alcoholism, divorce, and even crime grow at an epidemic (流行的) rate.” Left without a job, many workers feel they have nothing to look forward to. They miss their co-workers and the 9 of going to work. For many, the sense of hopelessness grows worse every time they are 10 for a new job. When this happens often enough, the rejection unemployed workers feel may be exacerbated (恶化) if some friends and neighbors avoid them as if they had a contagious disease (传染病).
（23-24高三下·上海·开学考试）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．noble B．might C． distinct D．splendour E. significantly F. integrated G. predominantly H. shaped I. integral J. generating K. underlying
Welcoming the Year of the Dragon or the Loong
As communities worldwide, both within and outside China, participate in diverse festivities to welcome the Year of the Dragon, the mythical creature has become the subject of debate. Some call it a dragon, while others prefer the term “loong”, 11 a discussion about the most accurate translation of this symbol of traditional Chinese culture.
Do dragon and loong convey the same meaning, or do they represent different creatures with 12 connotations In Western culture, 13 by Greek mythology, the dragon is frequently portrayed as the guardian of treasure, embodying a symbol of greed and destruction. In China, however, the dragon is very positive. It’s an animal that helps humanity and that is 14 , with emperors often referring to themselves as the “true dragon sons of heaven”.
In the Chinese language, more than 100 idioms incorporate the word “dragon”, 15 conveying positive connotations such as excellence, prestige, royalty, 16 and good luck. The term “dragon” remains a pervasive and 17 element in everyday conversations. When people express admiration for a son-in-law, they often refer to him as “a swift son-in-law who rides the dragon”. During weddings, the groom is usually referred to as the dragon and the bride the phoenix.
Why has the loong been translated into English as dragon In the early 19th century, British missionary Robert Morrison compiled the first Chinese-English, English-Chinese dictionary in history, in which he translated the Chinese loong as dragon. The impact of this dictionary was profound, leading to the widespread adoption of the term dragon in the West. Language 18 influences human minds, and as a result, Westerners perceive it intriguing that the Chinese associate themselves with the concept of dragons. In their culture, dragons are symbols of malevolence, contributing to a cultural distortion and misinterpretation.
With China becoming more 19 into the global community and the world becoming more familiar with the Chinese zodiac sign, has the time come to translate the Chinese dragon to loong The issue of translation may seem trivial. What matters more is conveying the true essence of the zodiac dragon. The Chinese people place great importance on welcoming people globally to immerse themselves in the Year of the Dragon’s celebratory spirit and share in the Spring Festival’s joy, warmth and 20 .
（23-24高三下·上海·阶段练习）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．housed B．simply C．tie D．stretch E．return F．fellow G．previously H．sensitive I．trapped J．minimal K．artificial
Rats and other animals need to be highly dependent on social signals from others so they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this can 21 to non-living beings, researchers at the University of California tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.
They 22 eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat — one social ad one asocial. The robot rats were just like a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels to move around. During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys and opened cage doors to let 23 rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot 24 moved forwards and backwards and side to side.
Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever. The living rats were 52% more likely to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being so that they may have a closer 25 with the social robot. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier and wanting the robot to 26 the favour when they get trapped.
Rats have been shown to engage in multiple forms of mutual help and cooperation, including what is referred to as direct reciprocity where a rat will help another rat that has 27 helped them.
The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robots was surprising given their 28 designs. Researchers assumed that they’d have to give them moving heads and tails, facial features, and put a scent on them to make them smell like real rats, which turned out to be unnecessary.
The finding shows how 29 rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are 30 beings, even when they display only simple social signals. We humans seem to be fascinated by robots and it turns out that other animals are too.
（23-24高三上·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．feature B．rejections C． indescribable D．drawing E. noted F. lives G. hit H. intentional I. resolved J. setting K. band
Jack London: A Fascinating Character
When one mentions Jack London, the most common contemporary references that pop to mind are The Call of the Wild and White Fang. However, upon a closer look at the author, the true depth of how varied and interesting his life and works were can really be 31 .
London is considered America’s best author by many. Most successful and at ease writing short stories, he was also the first author to become genuinely wealthy during his lifetime from selling his work. However, this did not happen overnight: in fact, London received 600 32 before his first story was published for a spread out payment of $5.
During his 40 years, London seemed to have lived 1000 33 . By the age of 18, he had already worked as a coal miner, worked on sealing ships and can factories, and been in a(n) 34 of beggars. At 17, he went to jail in Buffalo, NY for 30 days due to the latter, an experience which proved to be one that even the productive writer himself called 35 .
When he did return to his formal education, he completed high school and then attended UC Berkley, which had been a major dream for him. However, he stopped after just one semester as he ran out of money and carried on to 36 the Klondike Gold Rush with his brother-in-law. That would later be the 37 for some of his most famous works. It was also in the Yukon that London became very ill and began writing. When he returned home, he 38 to become a commercially successful writer and began to write 1000 words daily. He wrote of adventure, politics, humanity, survival, often 39 from a large number of him personal experiences.
London died at the age of 40, from a drug overdose. It is not known whether it was 40 or not, as he made many references to suicide throughout his works.
（22-23高三下·上海·开学考试）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．maximize B．subsequent C． potential D．personalize E. misrepresented F. limited G. marketing H. predictive I. commercial J. speed K. absence
No child or young athlete should be subjected to genetic testing to find sporting talent or improve performance, conclude the experts in a statement published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.
The scientific evidence on the effectiveness of these 41 tests is simply far too weak to back their use, says the experts in the fields of genomics, exercise, sports performance, etc. While the science of genomics has advanced rapidly over the past decade, the ability to interpret the meaning of genetic test results is still at a relatively early stage.
But that has not stopped the growth of the “direct to consumer” genetic tests, which claim to be able to spot children’s athletic talents or tailor training to 42 performance. This fast - growing market has caused fears that the still limited level of knowledge on the genetics of sports performance is being 43 for commercial gain.
To inform the statement, the panel looked at the availability of DIY genetic tests. It found 39 companies 44 tests associated with sport or exercise performance or injury - almost twice as many as in 2018.
The claims included: “ 45 your training based on your sports genetics,” “Give parents and coaches early information on their child’s genetic 46 for success for sports,” and “We use your DNA results to help you lose fat, build muscle, get fitter.”
But the 47 of any good scientific data to guide selection of which variants to test weakens the value of multiple testing. Besides, while there is some evidence to suggest a link with enhanced physical performance, it is very weak, making the 48 value of these tests “actually zero,” says the statement.
The statement emphasizes the 49 of change in gene sequencing technology has got much faster than regulation. And it points out the importance of counselling before any genetic test is taken.
“While further evidence will undoubtedly emerge around the genetics of sport performance in the future, the data are currently very 50 . Therefore, in this stage of limited knowledge, no child or young athlete should be exposed to genetic testing to define or alter training or for talent identification aimed at selecting gifted children or adolescents,” it concludes.
（23-24高三上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．celebrate B．overlooked C． circumstances D．cast E. incredibly F. factors G. unspoken H. swim I. strongly J. normal K. assume
Self-Silencing Is Making Women Sick
In the late 1980s, Harvard-trained psychologist Dana Jack identified a recurring theme among female patients suffering from depression: a tendency to self-silence, defined as “the tendency to engage in uncontrollable caretaking, pleasing the other, and restriction of self-expression in relationships in an attempt to achieve intimacy and meet relational needs.” He found that this learned behavior, 51 rooted in gender norms, was linked to an increased risk of depression.
Since then, considerable evidence has revealed that female self-silencing isn’t just tied to psychological issues like depression and eating disorders, but also to physical illness. Most worryingly, it has also been linked to higher risk of premature death. This was true even when 52 such as age, blood pressure, and smoking were taken into account.
When women push their feelings down and 53 their needs aside, their health suffers. But it can be difficult for women to do otherwise in cultures that 54 these self-silencing practices. Moms are praised for being painstakingly selfless to the point of self-sacrifice. These 55 standards establish a vicious (恶性的) cycle. For many women, it feels easier—beneficial, even—to silence their needs at the expense of their own health, rather than 56 against the prevailing cultural current.
In his best-selling book, The Myth of Normal, physician and author Gabor Mate writes that many of our society’s most “normalized ways of being” are, in fact, 57 toxic. “That ‘not listening to self’ in order to prioritize others’ needs is a significant source of the health-impairing roles women 58 ,” Mate explains. “It is among the medically 59 but extremely harmful ways in which our society’s ‘normal’ imposes a major health cost on women.”
To reshape the virtues of womanhood, a new “ 60 ” needs to emerge—one in which we honor our emotions, prioritize our needs, and actively communicate our boundaries. Such a shift requires change on both the individual and societal level, and will by no means be easy. But it’s certainly worth it—after all, women’s lives depend on it.
（2023高三上·上海·阶段练习）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．bidding B．formerly C． survived D．classify E. version F. exceeded G. specializing H. necessarily I. authenticity J. overstated K. antiquarian
Rare copy of Shakespeare’s First Folio sold for almost $10 million Wednesday, becoming the most expensive work of literature ever to appear at auction.
The First Folio is considered among the most important collections of literature in the English language. It contains 18 works that had not 61 appeared in print, and would otherwise have been lost to history, including “Macbeth” and “Twelfth Night.”
Published in 1623 by the actors John Heminge and Henry Condell, friends of the English playwright, the book is formally titled “Comedies, Histories, and Tragedies,” based on the three genres the part used to 62 the plays.
The 63 sold on Wednesday was the first complete copy to appear at auction since one went for $6.1 million in 2001. After a six-minute 64 battle between three telephone buyers, the item was purchased by book dealer and 65 Stephan Loewentheil for $9.98 million. In a phone interview following the sale, he described Shakespeare’s original folios as the “holy grail(圣杯)of books.”
“It is the greatest work in the English language, surely the greatest work of theater, so it’s something that anyone who loves intellectualism has to consider a holy object,” said Loewentheil, who owns stores 66 in rare books and photography in New York and Maryland.
Although around 750 copies of the First Folio were produced, just 235 are known to have 67 to the present day. Of these, only 56 are considered to be complete, with almost all of them now held by institutions in the US and UK, according to Christie’s, whose sale catalog said the item’s “extraordinary rarity ... cannot be 68 .”
The book came in a binding dating back to the early 19th century. It was sold alongside a letter by Shakespeare scholar Edmond Malone from 1809 confirming its 69 .
The final sale price 70 the auction house’s estimates, which had predicted top bids of $4 million to $6 million.
（23-24高三上·上海·阶段练习）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．assigned B．attractive C． bridge D．cooperating E. exposed F. possessions G. requests H. screen I. socializing J. unappealing K. virtual
The office used to be a place people went because they had to. Meetings happened in conference rooms and in person. Desks took up most of the space. The kingdom of Dilbert and of David Brent is now under threat. The pandemic has 71 the office to competition from remote working, and brought up questions about how it should be designed in the future.
Start with what the office is for. In the past it was a place for employees to get their work done, whatever form that took. Now other conceptions of its role strive for attention. Some think of the office as the new offsite (异地活动) . Its purpose is to get people together in person so they can do the things that remote working makes harder: establishing deeper relationships or 72 in real time on specific projects. Others talk of the office as a destination, a place that has to make the idea of getting out of bed earlier, in order to socialize with people who may have covid-19, seem 73 .
In other words, a layout that is largely devoted to people working at desks alongside the same colleagues each day all feels very 2019. With fewer people coming in and more emphasis on cooperation, fewer desks will be 74 to individuals. Instead, there will be more shared areas, where people in a team can work together flexible. More hot-desking (轮用办公桌) will also necessitate storage space for personal 75 : lockers may soon be back in your life.
To 76 gaps between teams, one strategy is to set aside more of the office to present the work of each department. Another option is to provide everyone with drink. Expect more space to be set aside for 77 and events. Bars in offices are apparently going to be a thing. Robin Avia of Gensler, an architecture firm, says she is seeing lots of 78 for places, like large auditoriums, where a company's clients can have “experiences”.
Designs for the post-covid office must also allow for hybrid work. Meetings have to work for 79 participants as well as for in-person contributors; cameras, screens and microphones will multiply. Gensler's New York offices feature mini-meeting rooms that have a monitor and a half-table sticking out from the wall below it, with seating for 4 or 5 people arranged to face the 80 , not each other.
