2024年中考英语专题复习：阅读理解说明文（含答案）

2024年中考英语专题复习：阅读理解说明文
I'm Sara. I'm a middle school student. At school, we have many subjects-Maths, English, Chinese, Biology, Geography, Science, History, Art, PE and Music. My mother is a Chinese teacher and she says Chinese is beautiful and important (重要的). I like Chinese. I always read Chinese books before I go to bed. I also like History. Mr. Brown is great fun. In his History class, I can learn many interesting stories. Mr. Green is my Maths teacher. He says Maths is useful and interesting, but I think it is boring. My Biology teacher, Mrs. Smith, is nice. I listen to her carefully (认真地) in class. But I can't do well in the Biology exam (考试). I don't know why. This subject is really difficult for me. We always have Art, PE or Music in the afternoon. For me, the classes in the afternoon are fun and relaxing. In PE class, I like to play ping-pong with my PE teacher. Mrs. Miller plays very well.
1．There’re ______subjects in Sara’s school.
A．eight B．nine C．ten D．seven
2．We can learn many interesting stories in ____________lessons,.
A．Mr. Green’s B．Mrs. Miller’s C．Mrs. Smith’s D．Mr. Brown’s
3．What does Sara do in Biology classes
A．plays ping-pang B．listens to interesting stories
C．listens to the teacher carefully D．read Chinese book
4．Which subject is difficult for Sara
A．Biology B．Maths C．Art D．Chinese
Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rational about what to believe or what to do. According to a report on the World Economic Forum, critical thinking, creativity, and their practical application are widely accepted as the top three skills that young people need to possess in their future career.
A good critical thinker usually takes the following steps before he decides what to do. Whenever he needs to do something, he would, first of all, reason. He checks why he needs to do it and whether he really needs to do it. Then, analyze. He tries to find out what it really is and the best way to do it. After that, evaluate. He makes sure whether he is able to do it and how to do it well. Finally, he makes the decision and takes action. Take the “Double 11” (a popular online shopping day in China) as an example. A few days before it, he checks carefully what he needs and whether he really needs them, and makes a shopping list. He goes to the online shops to compare the quality and the prices of the things that he is going to buy. He compares the ships that sell these things.
Then he checks whether he can afford them and in which shops he is going to buy them. Although it takes him some time to make the decisions, he would not regret after the shopping. Then what would happen if he didn’t think critically before he made the decision After the crazy “Double 11”, there were usually a lot of complaints on the Internet. There were regrets about buying more things than they needed. There were complaints about the poor quality and the prices of the things they bought. There were also complaints because they received wrong things or simply received nothing. There were all kinds of regrets and complaints. Why so They had not thought critically before they made the decisions.
Critical thinking helps you make wiser decisions. It helps you avoid wasting time, money and so on. Therefore, do look before you leap.
5．According to the passage, which of the following is not the top three skills that young people need to possess in their future career
A．critical thinking B．wide thinking C．creativity D．practical application
6．According to the passage, critical thinking is a thinking skill that ________.
A．helps make better choices B．will appear in the future
C．helps make quick decisions D．makes us spend more money
7．In Paragraph 2, how does the critical thinker analyze the things he may buy
A．He checks what he needs to buy. B．He studies the quality and the prices.
C．He makes a proper shopping list. D．He checks how much money he has.
8．Which of the following examples is the use of “critical thinking”
A．Daming did a new science experiment before reading instructions.
B．Lingling’s parents became very angry when they knew her bad marks.
C．After looking at the other team’s weak points, the coach made a new plan.
D．After hearing the stranger s words, the girl followed him into a supermarket.
“Where is the university ” This is a question that many visitors to Cambridge ask. But no one can give them an exact(精确的）answer，for there is no wall to be found around the university. The university is the city. You can find classroom buildings, libraries, museums and offices of the university all over the city. And most of its members are the students and teachers of the thirty-one colleges. Cambridge was already a town long before the first students and teachers arrived 800 years ago. It grew up by the river Cranta，and the river was once called the Cam. A bridge was built over the river as early as 875. So the town got its name “Cambridge”.
In the 14th and 15th centuries more and more land was for college buildings.
The town grew much faster in the 19th century after the opening of the railway in 1845.
Cambridge became a city in 1951 and now it has a population of over 100,000. Many young students in other countries expect to study at Cambridge. A large number of people from all over the world come to visit the university, and it is many young people’s dream to go there to study.
9．Visitors to Cambridge can find the following in the university EXCEPT____________.
A．libraries B．walls C．offices
10．According to the passage,Cambridge University is made up of（由……组成）_________colleges.
A．31 B．15 C．875
11．The town got its name from____________.
A．the first students and teachers
B．the bridge built over the river Cam
C．the members of the university
12．Which is the correct order of the events about Cambridge
a. The railway was opened. b. Cambridge became a city.
c. More and more land was for college buildings. d. The first students and teachers arrived at the town
A．a→c→b→d B．d→a→c→b C．d→c→a→b
13．From the passage, we know that_____________.
A．the town grew much faster before 1845
B．the city had a population of 100,00 in 1953
C．Many young students dream of studying at Cambridge University
Think about the last time you did something that you found difficult. Was it working out a puzzle(难题，拼图) or working hard on your math homework Can you remember the expression(表情) you had on your face
Most people will press their lips together when they are doing something difficult. This is a sign or doing difficult things. Now we find that it can also say more than that. A recent study at the University of Portsmouth in England suggests that the human expression of facing difficulties is our way of asking others for help.
Scientists at the university gave children and chimpanzees(黑猩猩) an impossible puzzle to work out. When the children couldn’t work out the puzzle, their faces expressed that they are puzzled. But the chimpanzees’ did not.
Humans and chimpanzees have many facial expressions that share the same meaning. A human smile is the same as a chimpanzee showing its teeth in happiness.
According to Dr. Allert, a well known professor of psychology at the University of California, Los Angles(UCLA), only 70 % of human communication happen through word and 55% is through body language.
With this in mind, next time you see a person with a frustrated expression, listen to your heart and stop to give a hand.
14．What expression can we find if someone is doing hard math question
A．A smiling face.
B．The wide open mouth and big eyes.
C．Press their lips together.
D．Mouth and nose get together.
15．Who took part in scientists’ study
A．Children. B．Chimpanzees.
C．Children and chimpanzees. D．No one.
16．According to the article, children and chimpanzees have the same way showing ________.
A．happiness B．anger C．hunger D．sadness
17．What is the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “frustrated”
A．开心的 B．为难的 C．无聊的 D．饥饿的
18．What is the best title of the article
A．Happy face and sad face
B．Importance of body language
C．People love to show their expressions
D．Puzzle face to ask for help
Hi, boys and girls! Welcome to our museum. It’s free. You don’t have to give money. But we have some rules for you. Please remember them and do what I say. Firstly, don’t have food or drink here. You may make our museum dirty. Secondly, you can take photos here, but don’t touch (触摸) the things here. Thirdly, keep silent in the museum. Don’t talk loudly. Fourthly, the museum is not open after five o’clock in the afternoon. Please leave before five. Have a good time here! Thank you.
19．Where can we see these rules
A．In a museum. B．In a park. C．In a school. D．At a store.
20．What can we do in the museum
A．Eat hamburgers. B．Drink water. C．Take photos. D．Talk loudly.
21．When can the students stay in the museum
A．all day. B．before 5:00 a.m. C．after 5:00 p.m. D．before 5:00 p.m.
Do you often grab (抓) something to eat after you get a phone call Do you often sleep after playing games on your phone Mobile phones are a great way to kill time and get in touch with friends. But they are also great places for bacteria (细菌) to live.
A US study showed that there are as many bacteria on your mobile phone as on your toilet seat. The study said about 2,700—4,200 units (单 位) of bacteria were found on each phone. In drinking water, the limit (限度) is less than one unit per half cup.
In fact, mobile phones are not the only dirty things around you. There are many things that carry a lot of bacteria you may not pay any attention to.
Toothbrushes can be dirty, especially when you put them close to the toilet. Studies show that every time you flush (冲洗) the toilet, bacteria can remain in the air for at least two hours. These bacteria may pollute your toothbrush. It is better to put your toothbrush far from the toilet and make it in upright (垂直的) position after each use. It is also important to change your toothbrush every three months.
Funnily enough, the sponge (海绵) that makes your dishes clean is really the dirtiest of them all. Sponges stay wet long after being used, which makes them more likely to carry bacteria. Wash the sponge carefully after each use. Microwave the sponge for 60 seconds. The high heat can kill most bacteria.
根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
22．What does the underlined word “remain” mean
A．保持 B．主要 C．冲走
23．________ is the limit of bacteria in drinking water.
A．One unit per half cup
B．2,700—4,200 units
C．Not more than one unit per half cup
24．Which is the right place of toothbrush after you use it every time
A．Put it close to the toilet.
B．Put it in the cupboard that is far from the toilet.
C．Put it far from the toilet and put it upright.
25．Which of the sentences below is NOT true according to the passage
A．You should change the toothbrush after you use it for 3 months.
B．Only high heat can kill bacteria.
C．The sponge you use to clean dishes should be changed often.
26．What is the main idea of the passage
A．The sponge to clean is the dirtiest.
B．You should pay attention to the bacteria around you.
C．Bacteria can be found somewhere, but there are many ways to beat them.
If you are looking for a whale in the sea, you will find a whole family of whales. The papa of the whale family is, of course, the whale itself. But there are other members as well. Relatives, you might say. As we can see, the whale has a big family.
Few people realize that dolphins are part of the whale family. In fact, many people don’t realize that dolphins aren’t fish. Fish breathe through gills（鱼鳃）and lay eggs. The dolphin does neither. Dolphins, like all the other members of the whale family, are mammals（哺乳动物）. They breathe air, and they have babies like land mammals and feed them with milk. Dolphins are fascinating to watch and famous for their wonderful performances. They can jump high out of the water and perform turns in the air. These jumps give the dolphins time to breathe.
Porpoises （鼠海豚）also belong to the whale family and are very much like dolphins. The main difference between dolphins and porpoises is the size and shape of the mouth. The dolphin’s mouth is long and thin. However, the mouth of the porpoise is short and thick. Dolphins are also more talkative than porpoises. Dolphins make sounds to communicate with one another underwater. Scientists are pretty sure that porpoises don’t do this. But both of them are smart and friendly to humans.
But not all the members of the whale family are friendly. Perhaps the difference has something to do with the size. Big whales are more likely to be angry than smaller dolphins or porpoises. An angry whale can be dangerous. Perhaps this helped to create the story of Moby Dick that sank（使下沉） a ship and caused all the people on board to die in the sea.
27．According to the passage the porpoise_________.
A．is a kind of mouse B．is friendly to humans like the dolphin
C．has a longer nose than the dolphin D．is much bigger than the dolphin
28．What can we learn from the passage
A．Dolphins and porpoises have great differences in their habits.
B．Whales often enjoy swimming and living in groups.
C．Porpoises make sounds to communication with one another underwater.
D．Dolphins jump high out of the water mainly to have fun.
29．The underlined part “Moby Dck” in the last paragraph is probably______.
A．a ship B．a dolphin C．a porpoise D．a whale
30．What would be the best title for the passage
A．Food whales eat. B．Mammals living on the earth.
C．Two members of the whale’s big family. D．Differences between dolphins and porpoises.
Rock climbing (攀岩) did not become a sport until late in the 1900s. Now it has become a popular activity.
If you have ever done rock climbing, you will l know that it is not a very easy sport. Indoor and outdoor rock climbing both need lots of practice. What most people don’t know is that rock climbing is one of the sports that depend on your body and mind.
To climb successfully, you must know about some rules. One important rule is to always let three parts of your body be on the rock face. Another important rule is that your arms only hold you close to the rock face while your legs are pushing you up. The third rule is that the closer you are to the rock face, the easier it is to climb.
Rock climbing is a wonderful sport. Once you start to learn how to climb, you’ll find lots of fun. People who like games such as playing chess and cards may also love rock climbing, because they are nearly the same in the way of thinking. For anyone who wants to be in good shape, rock climbing is a fun and good way. Anyone who enjoys difficult games and loves sports could think of rock climbing as a new hobby.
31．When did rock climbing become a sport
A．In 1900. B．Early in the 1900s. C．Early in the 1800s. D．Late in the 1900s.
32．During rock climbing, your ________are pushing you up.
A．arms B．legs C．hands D．stomachs
33．How many rules of rock climbing does the writer tell us in the third paragraph
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
34．The chess player may like rock climbing because _________.
A．they really like to do sports
B．they’d like to be in good shape
C．it is more interesting than playing chess
D．it is like playing chess in the way of thinking
35．What can we learn from the passage
A．Rock climbing is a very easy sport.
B．When you climb,your arms push you up.
C．Rock climbing is a kind of indoor and outdoor activity.
D．The closer you are to the rock face, the more difficult it is to climb.
I’m Lucy. This is my schoolbag. There are many things in it. There is a dictionary, a white pencil box, one yellow ruler and five books. One of the books is an English book. It’s yellow. And the other four are brown. There are also three black pencils, one red pen and one blue pen. The dictionary isn’t mine. It’s my friend Betty’s. I borrow(借)it from her. Is the red pen mine No, it isn’t. It’s my sister Lily’s. Oh, this is my English notebook. I write my homework with it. English is my favourite subject.
36．How many books are there in Lucy’s bag
A．3 B．4. C．5.
37．What colour is Lucy’s English book
A．Red. B．Yellow. C．Brown.
38．The dictionary is _______________.
A．Betty’s B．Lucy’s C．Lily’s
39．Who is Lily
A．Lucy’s friend. B．Lucy’s sister. C．Betty’s sister.
40．What’s Lucy’s favourite subject
A．Chinese. B．Maths. C．English.
Dogs are not just our friends. They can also be heroes, saving people’s lives.
Ed Crane from the US shared his story about his seizure alert dog (癫痫服务犬) called Zern in a video interview. Zhang Mei, a Xiaohongshu user, posted the video recently on the app after meeting Crane and Zern on a flight, and it got 92,000 likes in just four days.
Crane has seizures, and that’s why he got Zern. According to Crane, Zern can predict (预测) a seizure within an hour before it happens and “tell” him by rubbing (摩擦) his legs. Since having Zern,“I haven’t had any injuries (受伤),” said Crane. But how does Zern, just a dog, do this
In a study published in 2019 in Nature, scientists found that seizures have special smells, and dogs, with their unbelievable sense of smell, can catch these smells. Zern,trained by Canine Partners for Life, a non-profit (非营利性的) group in the US, can smell the unique smell.
Crane emits (释放) before a seizure. Immediately, Zern rubs Crane’s legs to warn him. Then, Crane can find a safe place to lie down and prepare for the upcoming seizure.
Without this early warning, a seizure could cause someone to fall over and get hurt. If it happens during activities like swimming or bathing alone, it can be very dangerous. A seizure service dog like Zern can prevent or reduce injuries from seizures. More importantly, they provide greater support and freedom from fear. “What he’s given to me is my independence. That’s what’s amazing,” said Crane in the video.
41．Who is Ed Crane
A．A hero saving people’s lives. B．The owner of a seizure alert dog.
C．A Xiaohongshu user. D．An interviewer.
42．How can dogs predict seizures
A．By sensing a special smell. B．By feeling their owners’ feelings.
C．By hearing their owners’orders. D．By rubbing their owners’ legs.
43．In what order does Zern help Crane face a seizure
a. Zern rubs Crane’s legs to warn him of the danger.
b. Crane deals with the upcoming seizure.
c. Zern senses the smell within an hour before it happens.
d. Crane finds a safe place to lie down.
A．bacd B．bcad C．cabd D．cadb
44．How does Crane feel with Zern
A．He has a clearer mind. B．He is more supportive.
C．He is more independent. D．He is afraid more than ever.
45．What does the story tell us about service dogs
A．They can help treat illnesses.
B．They can help save people’s lives.
C．They are more like pets than helpers.
D．They are used in the most dangerous fields.
参考答案：
1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A
5．B 6．A 7．B 8．C
9．B 10．A 11．B 12．C 13．C
14．C 15．C 16．A 17．B 18．D
19．A 20．C 21．D
22．A 23．C 24．C 25．B 26．B
27．B 28．B 29．D 30．C
31．D 32．B 33．C 34．D 35．C
36．C 37．B 38．A 39．B 40．C
41．B 42．A 43．D 44．C 45．B