2024年中考英语专题复习04：阅读理解说明文（含答案）

2024年中考英语专题复习04：阅读理解说明文
We are often told to pay attention to what our mothers tell us. Most of us enjoy listening to our mothers speak. Scientists have found that compared to other people’s voices, our brains greatly prefer the voices of our own mothers.
Scientists from Stanford University, US, scanned children’s brains while they were listening to different sounds, including their mothers’ voices. They found that 97 percent of the time, children could recognize (认出) their mothers’ voices at once.
Hearing their mothers’ voices makes children’s brains more active. We usually just use one part of our brain to deal with sounds when we hear something. But when we hear our mothers’ voices, many parts of the brain, including those that are responsible for reward (奖赏) and emotion, start to work as well.
Why do we react so strongly to our mothers’ voices It starts even before we’re born. When children are still in the womb (子宫) or have just been born, they hear their mothers talking. This makes babies feel comfortable and teaches them language and social skills, even though they are still very young. The babies learn to recognize their mothers’ voices as a rewarding sound. Later, when this sound is heard again, more attention is paid to it.
Some sounds are necessary for our life or please us. These sounds are recognized by our brains as rewarding sounds. Most human voices are not recognized in this way, since we hear them so often. But mothers’ voices are different. They bring us a lot of comfort.
1．What is the story mainly about
A．Why we should listen carefully to our mothers.
B．Why we prefer to hear our mothers’ voices.
C．How we recognize our mothers’ voices.
D．How we react to different kinds of sounds.
2．What will happen when children hear their mothers’ voices
A．Many parts of their brains become active.
B．They will need time to recognize the voices.
C．They will start talking with their mothers.
D．They will remember some bedtime stories.
3．According to Paragraph 4, why do children pay more attention to their mothers’ voices
A．Because they can recognize their voices quickly.
B．Because they can get a reward for doing so.
C．Because they can get love from their mothers.
D．Because their voices make them more comfortable.
4．“Rewarding sounds” refer to sounds that ________.
A．we hardly recognize B．we often hear
C．we hear as babies D．make us comfortable
Shenzhen is one of the most developed cities in China. It is also a nice place for people to live. Every year, millions of visitors come here. However, how much do you know about the weather in Shenzhen
Shenzhen is in the south of China. In spring, the weather is warm and even a little hot. Trees turn green and plants start to grow. In summer, the weather is usually very hot. It is wonderful to swim in the sea. There are quite a few beaches for people. It is the longest season. In autumn, the weather starts to get a little cool. But in fact, it is also warm. In winter, it is sometimes cold. Most of the time the weather is warm. Many people from the north of China come here to spend winter.
Shenzhen is well worth(值得)visiting.
5．Where is Shenzhen
A．In the north of China. B．In the south of China.
C．In the west of China. D．In the south-west of China.
6．Winter in Shenzhen is ________.
A．usually warm B．very cool C．always cold D．usually hot
7．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．The best season in Shenzhen. B．The four seasons.
C．The weather in Shenzhen. D．Beautiful places in Shenzhen.
Everyone needs friends, and if you fail to make friends, you should examine yourself and see if there is something wrong with your personality.
Maybe you have social faults which drive away your new acquaintances (相识的人). Whatever your social faults may be, look at them honestly, and make an effort to correct them. By doing this, things can be better. Besides, to be friendly, you must feel friendly. Cheerfulness is the basis of friendliness. A cheerful person smiles. A smile is a magnet which draws people. Smile at someone and you are almost sure to get a smile in return.
When communicating with each other, a friendly person does his best to make a stranger feel at home. Put yourself in the other person’s place and make him feel welcome. And try to remember names. It makes your new acquaintances feel happy when you call them by their names. It gives them the feeling that they have made an impression on you and that must mean something to them because you remember them.
Sometimes, if you do not agree with other people on a certain matter, you should try to be as friendly as possible. Do not argue, but discuss. You always lose friends if you argue too much. If you want to be a friendly person, remember to think about others, and do not insist on（坚持） your own “rights”. People who refuse to consider others have few friends.
At last, don’t treat people only according to their social position (社会地位). Really friendly people respect everyone at all times.
8．What can we learn about those who fail to make friends
A．They always try to make a stranger feel at home.
B．They remember the names of new acquaintances.
C．They discuss things with others rather than argue with them.
D．They insist on their own “rights” and fail to stand in others’ shoes.
9．Your new acquaintances may feel _______ when you call them by their names.
A．surprised B．happy C．angry D．excited
10．The underlined word “magnet” means “_______” in Chinese.
A．磁石 B．砖头 C．罗盘 D．针线
11．According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true
A．Thinking about others can help you to make more friends.
B．Making friends has something to do with your personality.
C．Cheerful smiles can make you friendly in the eyes of others.
D．Friendly people treat others according to their social positions.
12．The passage is mainly about _______.
A．how to correct the social faults B．how to build a good personality
C．how to make friends with others D．how to get help from strangers
阅读下面材料，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
For almost 100 years, the Winter Olympics has been a celebration of snow and ice sports around the world. It is a special event that only happens once every four years.
Although the Winter Olympics started with just five sports across nine disciplines(分项) in France in 1924, it has grown to have seven sports across 15 different disciplines and has been held in 12 countries across three continents(大陆) so far. In 2022, for the first time ever in the Olympics Games’ history, Beijing will become the first city to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics.
China has come a long way and achieved many goals since it took part in the Winter Olympics for the first time in 1980. In this short period of time, Chinese players have won medals(奖牌) in six of the event’s sports. Short track (短道) speed skating has been an area of expertise(专长) for Chinese players.
China’s interest in winter sports has been growing. The Ministry of Education has set a goal of building 5,000 special schools by 2025 to improve winter sports education.
The government has also been encouraging primary and middle schools to add winter sports to their courses. Many provinces and cities have already acted on this suggestion. Classes will be set up in schools in northern China to boost interest in winter sports. In southern China, schools can work with ice rinks (溜冰场) and winter sports clubs.
Beijing has already set a good example. Nearly 840,000 students in the city have begun taking winter sports lessons, including skating and skiing lessons, China News Agency reported.
13．Up to 2022, how long will have China taken part in the Winter Olympics
A．For about 42 years. B．For about 45 years.
C．For about 98 years. D．For about 100 years.
14．The underlined word “boost” in paragraph 5 probably means______.
A．achieve B．lose C．increase D．avoid
15．How does China prepare well for winter sports
A．Many students in Beijing have winter sports lessons.
B．The government has already built 5,000 special schools.
C．All the schools have added winter sports to their courses.
D．Schools build ice rinks and start winter sports clubs.
16．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
The Battle at Lake Changjin Time: Sep.30th How cruel (残酷的) could a war be How much could Chinese soldiers be ready to lose for their people The Battle at Lake Changjin will show you. To protect their homeland, Chinese soldiers fought fearlessly. “I was greatly touched by the soldiers’ bravery (勇敢) and their love for the country,” said junior high school student Peter, “The film made me think about where our happy life came from, and we should always be thankful for that.”
My Country, My Parents Time: Oct.1st According to the timeline, the film tells four stories of the fathers in different historical times to show their deep love to the motherland. They are Embracing the Wind, Poem, AD MAN, and Youth Journey. “What touched me most must be the Poem directed (导演) by Zhang Ziyi. It is the most beautiful poem written by Chinese astronauts (宇航员) for the motherland.” said Tommy, a student in Grade 7, “There is such a group of people trying their best to finish the tasks bravely. They are the real heroes for me!”
Water Boys Time: Oct.3nd We often see female synchronized swimming (花样游泳). What about boys playing the sport The Chinese film Water Boys tells a story of five boys who practice synchronized swimming. “The story shows our real school lives today,” said Jason, a shy boy in junior high school, “Five kids try their best to create a special moment in their life. When they face some difficulties, they keep going, and make it work together! That’s so cool!”
17．When can we watch these films in China
A．In spring. B．In summer. C．In autumn. D．In winter.
18．Peter thinks the soldiers in the film The Battle at Lake Changjin are ________.
A．afraid B．brave C．cruel D．happy
19．Which story is Tommy’s favourite one in the film My Country, My Parents
A．Embracing the Wind B．Poem
C．AD MAN D．Youth Journey
20．Why did Jason like the film Water Boys
A．Because he likes synchronized swimming, too.
B．Because the five water boys are handsome and cool.
C．Because the boys work hard to create a special moment.
D．Because he wants to be one of them in the film.
21．This passage can be read in the ________.
A．film review B．diary C．history book D．novel
When people talk to each other, write letters or make phone calls, words of the spoken form or the written form can send any message they want to pass on.
But besides words, do you know any other ways you use to communicate with people Rich expressions on your face can be one of them. A smile on your face shows that you are happy. Tears in your eyes tell others that you are sad or excited. Body languages can do the same job. When you put your hand up in class, the teacher knows that you want to say something or you may have some questions to ask. You shake your head from side to side and people know you are saying“no”or refuse others’ requirements (要求). When you nod, people will understand that you are saying “yes” or agree to others’ opinions or suggestions.
Other forms can also carry different messages. For example, a sign at the bus stop gives passengers instructions on which bus to take. The flag language made by soldiers can pass different orders. Sound from the school bell tells the students and the teachers when to begin or end a class. A photographer (摄影师) can use the photos he has taken to tell others about what he thinks of the world around him. Music and films also convey the feelings and ideas of the musicians and the directors.
22．When people want to use the words to communicate with others, they ________.
A．smile friendly B．cry aloud C．keep silent D．write letters
23．According to the passage, you just need to ________ if you agree to others suggestions.
A．close your eyes B．move your head up and down
C．put up your hand D．shake your head from side to side
24．Through a photo, we may know ________.
A．which bus can be taken B．what the orders mean for soldiers
C．when the students should have a class D．how the photographer sees the world
25．The underline world “convey” probably means ________ in the last paragraph.
A．传递 B．掩饰 C．克制 D．爆发
26．The best title for the passage may be ________.
A．Spoken and Written Languages B．Facial Expressions and Gestures
C．Forms of Communication D．Suggestions on Communication
Lab work is fun but you must be careful. Listen carefully when your teacher reads and explains the rules before your first lesson.
LAB RULES
Throughout the lessons Do not enter the science lab without the teacher’s permission. No food or drinks are to be allowed in the science lab.
Before the Experiment Read all instructions carefully before every experiment. Prepare all apparatus(仪器)and put them in right places so that you will not knock them over while doing the experiment.
During the Experiment If you are unsure of how to use any apparatus or how to operate, ask your teacher for help. Never smell or taste chemicals unless your teacher gives permission.
After the Experiment Wash all apparatus after use and return them to the places where they were. Throw waste materials into proper waste baskets.
First aid Report all accidents to your teacher immediately. If you spill any chemicals onto your body or clothing, wash with plenty of water and report to your teacher.
27．It is necessary for you to ________ before every experiment.
A．read all instructions carefully B．take enough food and drinks
C．smell chemicals immediately D．talk with your classmates
28．If you are not sure of how to use any apparatus, ________.
A．read rules carefully
B．try them again and again
C．ask your teacher for help
D．return all apparatus to the places where they were
29．The underline word “spill” means ________.
A．照射 B．伤害 C．摔下 D．溅出
30．When you are in the science lab, you mustn’t ________.
A．be careful in order to prevent injury
B．listen carefully when your teacher explains the rules
C．taste chemicals without the teacher’s permission
D．throw waste materials into proper waste baskets
31．What’s the main idea of the form
A．Dos and don’ts in the lab B．First aid
C．Experiment tips D．Teacher’s permission
In the sea there are many islands. In its warm waters there are some little ones. We call them “coral Islands” (珊瑚岛).
A coral island is very nice to look at. It looks like a ring of land(一圈陆地) with trees, grass, and flowers on it. One part of the ring is open to the water. There is a little round lake inside the island.
If you look into this lake, you will see beautiful coral. You may think they are flowers. If you look at a piece of coral, you will see many little holes in it. In each of these holes a very small sea animal lives. These sea animals make the coral.
They began to build under the water. Year after year, the coral grew higher and higher. At last it grew out of the water.
Then the sea brought it small trees and something else. After some years, these things changed into earth. Sometimes the wind brought seeds(种子) to this earth. Sometimes birds flew over it and brought seeds to the island.
The little seeds grew. In a few years there were plants all over the island. In a few more years there were trees growing there.
So you see, these islands were built little by little. The workers were very small. Do they not teach us a lesson Can you think what the lesson is
32．In the sea __________.
A．there are coral islands in all places
B．there are some coral islands
C．the water is always warm
D．we can see many flowers
33．A coral island looks like __________.
A．a round cake B．trees, grass and flowers
C．a ring of land D．a round lake
34．There are __________ in the holes in corals.
A．flowers B．little corals
C．grass D．sea animals
Water is very important in our life. For example, we need to drink enough (足够的) water every day. We brush our teeth and wash our faces and hands with water. Farmers use it to water trees and flowers. In factories, workers make things and clean their machines (机器) with water. If there is no water, we can’t cook food. We can’t live with no water. So we should save water.
Do not let water run when you are brushing your teeth or washing your hair or face. Don’t forget to turn off the tap (关闭水龙头) when you leave.
If you can think carefully about your water use at home, at school or at work, and have good living habits (生活习惯), it is easy to save water.
35．The underlined (划线) word “save” in the passage means “________” in Chinese.
A．节约 B．浪费 C．储存
36．What do farmers use water to do ________
A．Make things. B．Water plants. C．Clean the machines.
37．When you leave, you should ________.
A．drink enough water B．let water run C．turn off the tap
38．Good ________habits can help us save water.
A．eating B．exercise C．living
39．From the passage, we know that ________.
A．water is important in our life
B．it is not easy to save water
C．we can live with no water
We can do many interesting experiments (实验) in chemistry class. Today we will use CO2 (carbon dioxide) to blow up your balloon! Mixing a baking soda and vinegar (醋) together can give off the CO2.
Baking Soda and Vinegar
Balloon Experiment
What you’ll need
★Balloon
★About 40 ml of water
★Soft drink bottle
★Vinegar
★A teaspoon of baking soda
Instructions
★Before you begin, make sure that you pull the balloon long to make it as easy as possible to blow up.
★Put the 40 ml of water into the soft drink bottle.
★Add the baking soda and mix it with water.
★Put the vinegar in and quickly put the balloon over the mouth of the bottle.
What’s happening
If all goes well, then your balloon should inflate! Adding the vinegar to the baking soda creates a chemical reaction. The baking soda is a base (碱), while the vinegar is an acid (酸). When the two combine, they create CO2. The gas rises up and escapes through the soft drink bottle. However, it doesn’t escape the balloon, pushing it outwards and blowing it up.
40．What does a baking soda and vinegar reaction give off
A．O2. B．O3. C．CO2. D．H2O.
41．What should you do before you begin
A．Heat the water. B．Drink some juice.
C．Blow up the balloon. D．Pull the balloon long.
42．What does the underlined word “inflate” mean in Chinese
A．涨价 B．膨胀 C．吹捧 D．抬高
43．What can be used instead of vinegar
A．Tea. B．Milk. C．Water. D．Lemon juice.
44．What is the passage about
A．A film. B．A game. C．A book. D．An experiment.
参考答案：
1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D
5．B 6．A 7．C
8．D 9．B 10．A 11．D 12．C
13．A 14．C 15．A 16．D
17．C 18．B 19．B 20．C 21．A
22．D 23．B 24．D 25．A 26．C
27．A 28．C 29．D 30．C 31．A
32．B 33．C 34．D
35．A 36．B 37．C 38．C 39．A
40．C 41．D 42．B 43．D 44．D