(共103张PPT)
UNIT 4 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Section Ⅲ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
1.通过分析课文，了解网络对友谊产生的影响,理解Robert和Cathy的博客分别阐述的观点;正确认识虚拟世界与真实世界的关系。（语言能力,文化意识）
2.通过分析课文结构，了解文章大意，培养略读和查读等阅读能力以及分析长难句的能力。（学习能力）
3.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要词汇的基本用法。（语言能力）
4.通过对教材的理解,学会运用复合词。（语言能力）
Ⅰ.基础单词
1.______________ n.住处
accommodation
2._________ vi.订阅;订购
subscribe
3.______ adj.最新的;最近的
latest
4._______ n.现实;真实
reality
5.________ n.账户
account
6._______ vt.确保;保证
ensure
7.______ vt.按
press
8._______ n.恩惠;善意的行为
favour
9.________ vt.确认;证实
confirm
10._______ vi.&vt.递送;传送
deliver
11.______ n.错误;失误
error
12.______ vt.&n.伤害;损害
harm
13._______ vt.取代;接替
replace
14._____ n.&vt.拥抱;紧抱
hug
15.___________ vi.专注;专心;集中注意力
concentrate
16.__________ adj.关切的;关心的
concerned
17.__________ adj.有益的;有意义的
rewarding
18.________ n.内容
content
19.________ adj.肤浅的;浅薄的
shallow
20.________ n.意见;看法;主张
opinion
21.______ vi.给予某物关注 n.焦点
focus
22._________ vt.保持;维持
maintain
23._____ adj.简洁的;简明的
brief
24.________ adj.创造性的
creative
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1._________ adj.效能高的；强有力的；强壮的→_______ n.控制力；影响力；操纵力；
统治
powerful
power
2._________ n.论点；论据→______ v.争论；争吵；争辩
argument
argue
3.______ n.基础；基点 →_____ v.以……为据点（或总部等）；把（总部等）设在
basis
base
4.________ adj.局限的；限制性的→ _____ n.限度；限制；极限v.限制；限定
limiting
limit
构词规律
n.+-ful→adj.
powerful adj.效能高的;强有力的;强壮的
beautiful adj.美丽的
colourful adj.颜色鲜艳的;丰富多彩的
1.mobile device__________
移动设备
2.VR（Virtual Reality） __________
虚拟现实
3.AR（Augmented Reality）__________
增强现实
4.MR（Mixed Reality） __________
混合现实
5.focus on______
关注
6.be concerned _____ 关心……
with
7.___ addition除此之外
in
1.Firstly, talking online is no replacement for face-to-face contact...（动词-ing形式作主
语）
翻译 首先，网上聊天并不能取代面对面的接触……
仿写 _______________________ is good for your health.
做早操对你的健康有好处。
Doing morning exercises
2.Thirdly, online relationships may not be what they appear to be.（what引导表语从
句）
翻译 第三，网络关系可能不是它们看起来的那样。
仿写 He has become _____________________ten years ago.
他已经成为他10年前想成为的人了。
what he wanted to be
3.Secondly, the Internet has also made communication more fun.（make+宾语+宾语补
足语）
翻译 其次，互联网也让交流变得更加有趣。
仿写 We will _______________________________________.
我们会使我们的国家越来越美丽。
make our country more and more beautiful
Step 1 文本整体理解，关注布局谋篇
Read the first blog post on Page 15 quickly and match each paragraph with its main idea.
A.Online relationships may not be trusted.
B.Talking online cannot replace face-to-face contact.
C.Introduction.
D.The Internet can make people self-centred.
E.Suggestions on healthy relationships.
1.( ) Para.1
C
2.( ) Para.2
B
3.( ) Para.3
D
4.( ) Para.4
A
5.( ) Para.5
E
Step 2 细读课文，明确教材细节
Ⅰ.Read the two blog posts on Pages 15-16 carefully and then choose the best answers.
1.What enables us to develop lifelong friendships according to Robert ( )
B
A.Communicating through a screen.
B.Social skills developed through direct contact.
C.Talking online.
D.Advice from some parenting experts.
2.In Robert's view, friendships are built on ___.
A
A.the basis of trust B.online communication
C.online popularity D.the number of likes
3.The Internet can develop friendship through the following except ___according to
Cathy.
D
A.making communication more fun
B.bringing people closer to each other
C.making communication much more convenient
D.spending too much time on the Internet
Ⅱ.Fill in each blank with only one proper word according to the first blog post on Page 15.
The Internet Harms Friendships
Advantage The Internet can bring people 1.______ together.
Disadvanta ges ·Talking online cannot 2._______ face-to-face municating
through a screen makes it more difficult for children to 3.___________
or show kindness to others. Social skills 4._______ us to develop
lifelong friendships.
·The Internet can make people 5.___________.Some people are only
concerned with their online 6.__________,which cannot compare to
having long-term and 7.__________ friendships. Lots of the content
8._______ on social media is shallow or trivial.
closer
replace
concentrate
enable
self-centred
popularity
rewarding
posted
The Internet Harms Friendships
Disadvanta ges ·Online relationships may not be 9.______ they appear to be. So going
online can be particularly 10.__________ for people who are easily
influenced or too trusting.
Robert's opinions Friends should focus more on face-to-face communication,which is the
best way to maintain 11.________ relationships.
what
dangerous
healthy
续表
核 心 单 词
知识点1 subscribe vi.同意；捐赠；订阅；订购＊subscriber n.（杂志等的）订购者；订阅者；（手机、电话等的）用户；捐助者；资助者 ＊subscription n.订阅（费）
（P12）to subscribe to newspapers and magazines
订阅报纸和杂志
subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购；捐款给
subscribe sth to 捐助某物给……
In your view,what magazine should we subscribe to
在你看来,我们应该订购什么杂志
He subscribed to our plan to arrange an activity to strengthen our team spirit.
他同意我们计划组织一次活动来加强我们的团队精神。
We subscribe to an animal protection society.
我们给一个动物保护协会捐款。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）I subscribed ___ a Reader magazine.
to
（2）The __________（subscribe） you dialed is powered off.
subscriber
（3）He subscribes 50，000 dollars ___ the charity every year.
to
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）People all ____________________ that children should read more.
人们都赞同孩子们应该多读书这一观点。
subscribe to the view
（5）Which journals did the library ____________
图书馆订了哪些报刊
subscribe to
（6）A lot of people have _____________ the Red Cross.
很多人已经向红十字会捐款。
subscribed to
知识点2 ensure vt.确保；保证
（P100）They also ensure that students can all enjoy the same learning materials...
它们也能确保学生们都能享用同样的学习材料……
ensure success/safety/quality 确保成功/安全/质量
ensure sb sth 向某人保证某事
ensure that... /make sure that... 确保……
The medicine will ensure you a good night's sleep.
这种药保证会让你一夜好眠。
His mother ensured that he took all the pills every day.
他的妈妈确保他每天都服下所有的药片。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）There is a growing tendency for people to do their shopping on the Internet.
But sometimes it's difficult _________（ensure） the quality of the products.
to ensure
（2）They have responsibility for_________（ensure）that the rules are enforced（执
行）.
ensuring
Ⅱ.同义句转换
（3）I cannot ensure that she will be there on time.
→I cannot __________that she will be there on time.
make sure
（4）Please ensure his survival.
→Please _____________ his survival.
make sure of
知识点3 account n.账户；描述；解释 v. 认为是；视为
（P100）No,I've downloaded it, but I can't figure out how to set up an account.
不用，我已经下载了,但我不知道如何开通一个账户。
on no account 决不（置于句首时，句子要部分倒装）
take...into account/consideration 考虑……
on account of 由于;因为
account for 解释;说明;占……（比例）
He doesn't smoke on account of his health.
由于健康原因，他不抽烟。
The heavy rain may have accounted for the absence of so many students this morning.
大雨可能导致今早很多学生缺席。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Our teacher wanted you to account ____ your absence last night.
for
（2）You are supposed to take your personality _____account and figure out what
kind of job would suit you best.
into
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）The professor warned the students that on no
account__________________________ in his class.
教授警告学生们,在他的课上决不能使用手机。
can they use mobile phones
（4）He has been asked to_______________________.
他被要求解释他的行为。
account for his behavior
（5）We delayed our departure ____________________________.
由于天气不好,我们将起程（的时间）推迟了。
on account of the bad weather
知识点4 favour n.恩惠；帮助；赞同；支持；偏袒；偏爱v.较喜欢；偏爱＊favourable adj.给人好印象的；有利的；有助于……的
（P101）Can you do me a favour and find out what's going on
你能帮我个忙看看发生了什么事吗？
in favour of 支持；赞同
do sb a favour=do a favour for sb 帮某人的忙
ask sb for a favour=ask a favour of sb 请求某人帮忙
in sb's favour 对某人有利；有助于某人
return the favour 回报；报答
I need to become more healthy, so I favour an apple over a burger.
我需要变得更健康，所以比起汉堡，我偏好苹果。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Can I ask you ____ a favour
for
（2）Do me ___ favour and turn off the radio.
a
（3）I wouldn't be ___ favour of income tax cuts.
in
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）Could you _______________ and pick up Sam from school today
今天你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗
do me a favour
（5）Can I ____________of you
我能请你帮个忙吗
ask a favour
（6）Thank you for helping me out. I'll ________________some day.
多谢你帮助我。总有一天我会报答你的。
return the favour
知识点5 confirm vt.确认；证实；证明＊confirmation n.确认；证实
（P101）Would you like me to confirm my account details
你想要我确认我的账户信息吗
confirm that... 证实……
It has been confirmed that... 已经确定/证实……
What you have said confirms my guess.
你的话证实了我的猜想。
The latest evidence confirmed his story.
最新的证据证实了他所叙述的事情。
It has been confirmed that water is important to the development of life.
已经证实,水对生命的发展十分重要。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Yesterday，he ______________ （confirm）as captain for the rest of the season.
was confirmed
（2）Additional $10 may be paid ___________（confirm） the booking and will be
returned on arrival.
to confirm
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）_________________________ they will leave their hometown for Canada.
已证实他们将离开家乡去加拿大。
It has been confirmed that
知识点6 deliver vi.& vt.递送；传送；交付；发表（演说等）；接生；分娩＊delivery n.递送；交付；分娩
（P101）Well, according to my records, Ms Smith, your order was delivered last week.
好的,史密斯女士,根据我的记录,您的订单是上周交付的。
deliver sth to sb 投递/传送某物给某人
deliver a speech 发表演说
deliver a
baby 接生
be delivered of a baby=give birth to a baby 生孩子
Thank you for delivering my goods here.
多谢你把我的货物送到这儿。
After he came into power, the President delivered a wonderful speech.
总统上台之后，发表了一篇精彩的演说。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）He _________ （deliver） one of the most wonderful speeches in history for
the presidential election.
delivered
（2）Today，over thirty companies regularly donate food and other goods， and the
volunteers help to deliver them ___ the homeless.
to
（3）To her joy, she _____________ （deliver） of a healthy boy.
was delivered
（4）Thank you very much for your quick ________ （deliver）and support.
delivery
Ⅱ.写出下列句中deliver的含义
（5）Charlotte found herself operating on damaged limbs and setting broken bones, in
addition to delivering all the babies in the area.______
接生
（6）She is due to deliver a speech on genetic engineering.______________
发表（演说）
（7）Did you deliver my message to my father ______
传送
知识点7 harm vt.& n.伤害；损害＊harmful adj.有害的 ＊harmless adj.无害的；无恶意的
（P14）Do you think the Internet helps or harms friendships
你认为互联网有助于友谊还是会损害友谊
do/cause harm to 对……造成伤害
do sb harm=do harm to sb 伤害某人；对某人有害
mean no harm 无恶意
be harmful to... 对……有害
The treatment did more harm than good to him.
治疗对他来说弊大于利。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）If you want to solve the problem this way,there is no harm in _______（call）
him.
calling
（2）Working on the computer too much is ________（harm） to your eyes.
harmful
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）She has got into the bad habit of reading in the
bed,____________________________________________.
她养成了在床上阅读的坏习惯,这对她的眼睛有害。
（3）which is harmful to/does harm to her eyes
知识点8 argument n.论点；论据；辩论；争吵＊argue v.争论；辩论；提出理由
（P14）Underline the general idea and the topic sentence for each argument.
在每个论点的中心思想和主题句下画线。
beyond argument 无须争论
have an argument with sb over/about sth 就某事和某人争论
get into an argument with sb 和某人争论
argue with sb about/over sth 与某人争论某事
argue for/against sth 为支持/反对某事而辩论
argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事
How would you like to support your argument
你要如何来论证你的论点
We had an argument with the waiter about the bill.
我们和服务员就账单发生了争吵。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）They argued ____ the right to strike.
for
（2）It's no use arguing __________ the question with him for he won't change his
opinion.
about/over
（3）They argued him into ________ （cycle） instead of driving there.
cycling
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）（2023·广东茂名高一期末）When it comes to___________________________,
it's better to leave them alone.
遇到别人争论时, 最好别插嘴。
other people's argument（s）
知识点9 replace vt.取代；接替；把……放回原处＊replacement n.更换；替换；代替者
（P15）Firstly,talking online is no replacement for face-to-face contact—images really cannot replace a real-life smile or hug.
首先,网上聊天并不能取代面对面的接触——图像无法真正取代现实生活中的微笑或拥抱。
replace...with/by... 用……替换……
replace sb=take the place of sb=take one's place 代替/替代某人的位置
She didn't replace the cup after using it，and it fell to the ground and was broken，which made her very upset. Her husband suggested replacing it with a plastic one so that it wouldn't be so easy to break，but she said nothing could take the place of this cup.
她用过杯子后没有放回原处，杯子掉在地上摔坏了，这让她非常难过。她的丈夫建议把这个杯子换成塑料的，这样它就不那么容易坏了，但她说没有什么能代替这个杯子。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced ________some other
less competitive events.
with/by
（2）Nobody can take the place ___ you to do the work.
of
Ⅱ.同义句转换
（3）No one can replace her father in her heart.
→No one can __________________________ in her heart.
→No one can _____________________ in her heart.
take the place of her father
take her father's place
知识点10 concentrate vi.专注；专心；集中注意力＊concentration n.专心；集中＊concentrated adj.全力以赴的；浓缩的；集中的
（P15）According to a parenting expert, Denise Daniels, communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others.
据育儿专家丹尼斯·丹尼尔斯说,通过屏幕进行的交流使孩子更难集中精力或善待他人。
concentrate on （doing）sth 专心（做）某事
concentrate one's mind/attention on 集中注意力于;致力于;专心于
I decided to concentrate all my efforts on finding somewhere to live.
我决定全力以赴找个住的地方。
You should do your homework with concentration.
你做作业要专心。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Many firms are concentrating ____ increasing their markets overseas.
on
（2）They reflect a ____________ （concentrate） beam （束）of light onto the
town's central square.
concentrated
（3）They will concentrate on ________ （teach）the students reading and writing.
teaching
（4）He tried to concentrate his attention ____ his chemical experiment.
on
（5）I knew that _____________ （concentrate） was the first requirement for
learning.
concentration
Ⅱ.单句写作
（6）It was up to him __________________________and make something of himself.
专心学习并取得一定成就取决于他自己。
to concentrate on his studies
（7）When driving, a driver should _________________________________.
开车时,司机应专注于路况。
concentrate his attention on the road
知识点11 rewarding adj.有益的；有意义的；报酬高的＊reward n.奖赏；回报 v.奖赏；酬谢；报答
（P15）...though we know that the number of “likes” or followers cannot compare to having long-term and rewarding friendships. ……尽管我们知道“赞”或关注者的数量无法与拥有长期而有益的友谊相比。
as a reward for 作为（对某事的）报酬/奖赏
give/offer a reward to sb for sth 因为某事而给某人报酬
in reward for 以奖励/报答……；作为……的回报
reward sb （with...） for sth 因某事而（以……）报答某人
经典佳句
He found what he did rewarding.
他发现自己做的事很有意义。
You deserve a reward for being so helpful.
你帮了这么大的忙，应该得到奖赏。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）He was given a medal as a reward ____ his service.
for
（2）His effort was rewarded _____ remarkable success.
with
（3）She got nothing in reward ____ her kindness.
for
知识点12 content n.内容；目录；容量；满足 adj.满足的；满意的vt.使满足
（P15）In addition, a lot of the content posted on social media is shallow or trivial.
另外,很多发布在社交媒体上的内容都是肤浅和没什么价值的。
feel/be content with 对……满足/满意
be content to do sth 满足于做某事
content oneself with 使自己满足于
They said they liked the content of your article,but the style wasn't quite right for the magazine.
他们说喜欢你文章的内容,但是文章的风格不太适合那本杂志。
He seemed more content and less bitter.
他看起来比较满意，没有那么愤愤不平。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）The Smiths are content _______ （live）a simple life.
to live
（2）She contented _______ （her） with what she had achieved.
herself
（3）My friend is quite content _____ his new job.
with
（4）The ________ （content）of his suitcase are doubtful.
contents
知识点13 limiting adj.局限的；限制性的＊limit n.& vt.限制 ＊limited adj.有限的 ＊limitless adj.无限的
（P16）Traditional ways of communicating,like letters and phone calls, can be limiting and take time.
像信件和电话这样传统的沟通方式可能有局限性，并且需要时间。
a time limit时间限制
an age limit年龄限制
a speed limit限速
a limit to ……的极限
set a limit on对……进行限制
without a limit 毫无限制地；不加限制地
limit...to...将……限制在……范围内
A limiting factor in the improvement of health is the lack of doctors.
在改善健康状况方面的一个限制因素是缺少医生。
Lack of cash is a limiting factor.
现金短缺是一个制约因素。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）My husband and I were excited about shopping for our first home. But our
money was _______ （limit）.
limited
（2）We have only three tickets available for the movie. So I have to limit the
number of children ___ three—just three.
to
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）（2023·河南郸城高一月考）In my opinion, you had better ______________ the
expenses of your trip to avoid spending money______________.
在我看来，你们最好给这次旅行的费用定一个限度，以免不加限制地花钱。
set a limit on
without a limit
短 语 句 式
知识点14 in addition除此之外
（P15）In addition, a lot of the content posted on social media is shallow or trivial.
另外,很多发布在社交媒体上的内容都是肤浅和没什么价值的。
in addition to 除……之外
add up 把……加起来
add up to 总共是；总计为（不用于被动语态）
add ... to ... 把……加到/进……里
add to 增加;增添
add that... 补充说……
The products are of high quality. In addition，the price is low.
产品质量上乘。另外,价格低廉。
The company provides free service in addition.
另外,公司还提供免费服务。
（1）in addition 可用于句首、句中或句末,用于句首或句中时,通常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。
（2）in addition to“除……之外（还）”,其中的to是介词,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
融会应用
Ⅰ.选词填空（in addition/in addition to）
（1）_____________ the school,the village has a clinic, which was also built with
government support.
In addition to
（2）It's too late to go to the cinema now.___________,it's going to rain.
In addition
（3）Aunt Mary gave us sandwiches for our picnic and a bag of cookies
___________.
in addition
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）His whole school education ____________ no more than one year.
他所有的学校教育加起来不到一年。
added up to
（5）The heavy rain _________ the difficulty in rescuing the buried people.
大雨增加了营救被掩埋群众的困难。
added to
知识点15 focus on关注
（P15）In my opinion,friends should focus more on face-to-face communication,and less on online communication.
在我看来,朋友们应该更多地关注面对面的交流,少关注在线交流。
focus one's attention/eyes/energy on 集中注意力/目光/精力于
the focus of attention 关注的焦点
in focus 焦点对准的;清晰的
out of focus 焦点没对准的;不清晰的
Dad took out his camera and focused on the bird.
爸爸拿出相机,把镜头对准那只小鸟。
He is so tired that he can't focus on anything today.
他今天太累了，以至于在任何事情上都集中不了精神。
表示“集中注意力于；专心于”的短语还有be absorbed in、devote oneself to、concentrate one's attention on、put one's heart into、fix one's attention on等。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）They focus ____ what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the
first place.
on
（2）The children's faces are badly ____ of focus in the photograph.
out
（3）The programme was intended to focus its attention ____ global economy.
on
Ⅱ.一句多译
（4）由于汤姆在隔壁唱歌,我不能集中注意力看书。
→I can't _____________________the book with Tom singing next door.（focus）
→I can't ______________the book with Tom singing next door.（absorb）
→I can't _________________________the book with Tom singing next door.
（concentrate）
focus my attention on
be absorbed in
concentrate my attention on
知识点16 make+宾语+宾语补足语
（P15）According to a parenting expert, Denise Daniels, communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others.
据育儿专家丹尼斯·丹尼尔斯说,通过屏幕进行的交流使孩子更难集中精力或善待他人。
句中makes it more difficult for children to concentrate...为make的复合结构。其中it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。常见的make的复合结构:
（1）make+it+形容词/名词+that从句
Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
苏珊清楚地跟我表明她希望为自己创造新的生活。
（2）make+it+形容词/名词+to do
The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.
大雨使得我们无法出门。
常用于这种句型的动词还有 think、consider、find、feel等。
He considered it important for him to learn spoken English well.
他认为学好英语口语对他来说很重要。
I find it no use arguing with Bill， because he never changes his mind.
我发现与比尔争辩没有用,因为他从不改变主意。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）He didn't make ___ clear when and where the sports meeting would be held.
it
（2）People in the West make it a rule _______ （buy）Christmas presents for their
relatives and friends.
to buy
Ⅱ.同义句转换
（3）I think it is a good habit to get up early in the morning.
→I think _______________ to get up early in the morning.（it作形式宾语）
it a good habit
（4）We find that it is easy to get along with him.
→We find ___________________________.（it作形式宾语）
it easy to get along with him
知识点17 强调句
（P15）It is these skills that enable us to develop lifelong friendships.
正是这些技能使我们能够发展终生的友谊。
本句是一个强调句，强调主语these skills。
强调句型是用来对句中某一成分加以强调的，其一般句型为“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who...”。
需要注意的几点是：
（1）强调句和其他句型最明显的区别：强调句的判断标志是去掉it is/was和that/who，适当调整后仍然是个完整的句子。
（2）此句型不可强调谓语动词，如要强调谓语动词，可在动词原形前加do、does或did。
（3）not...until...的强调句式是“It is/was not until...that+其他成分”。
（4）该句型可以强调because引导的原因状语从句，但不能强调由as、since等引导的原因状语从句。
（5）如果强调的是主语或宾语且指人时，则可用who或that；如果被强调的部分是其他成分时，须用that。
It was the manager that/who asked his secretary to keep him informed of the progress.
是经理让他的秘书通知他进展情况。
It is coffee that they always drink in the afternoon.
他们经常在下午喝的是咖啡。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）___ was yesterday that we had an English examination.
It
（2）It was with the help of the local guide _____ the mountain climber was
rescued.
that
（3）It was not until I came here _____ I realized this place was famous for not
only its beauty but also its weather.
that
复 合 词
探究点1 复合词的书写形式
1.一般情况下在词与词之间要加连字符号,如 sea-sick“晕船的”、world-famous“闻名世界的”、seven-year-old“七岁的”、three-hour“三小时的”。
2.有些复合词已经完全融为一体,不用加连字符号,如textbook“教科书”、schoolmate“校友”、spokesman“发言人”、salesgirl“女售货员”、notebook“笔记本”、breakthrough“突破”、download“下载”、policewoman“女警察”。
3.还有一些情况直接用词组的形式,如air conditioner“空调机”、clothes shop“服装店”、alarm clock“闹钟”、girl student“女学生”。
探究点2 复合词的构成方法
1.复合形容词
（1）名词+形容词:oil-rich“含油量多的”, duty-free“免税的”,care-free“无忧无虑的”, homesick“想家的”。
（2）形容词+形容词:bitter-sweet“又苦又甜的”, light-green“浅绿色的”, dark-brown“深棕色的”, freezing-cold“寒冷的”。
（3）名词+动词-ing形式:trouble-making“制造麻烦的”,law-breaking“犯法的”, painstaking“费力的”, time-consuming“耗时的”, peace-loving“热爱和平的”, labor-saving“省力的”,record-breaking“破纪录的”。
（4）名词+动词-ed形式:man-made“人造的”, poverty-stricken“贫困的”, heart-broken“伤心的”, snow-covered“被雪覆盖的”, task-based“任务型的”。
（5）形容词+动词-ing形式:good-looking“好看的”, easy-going“随和的”,nice-sounding“好听的”。
（6）形容词+名词+-ed:simple-minded“头脑简单的”, kind-hearted“心地善良的”,black-eyed“黑眼睛的”,warm-hearted“热心肠的”。
（7）数词+名词（+形容词）:four-hour“四小时的”,100-metre“一百米的”, four-day“为期四天的”, five-year-old“五岁的”,second-hand“二手的”。
（8）副词+动词-ing形式:ever-lasting“持续的”, far-reaching“深远的”,oncoming“迎面而来的”,outgoing“外向的”。
（9）副词+动词-ed形式:well-known“著名的”, newly-built“新建的”, over-loaded“超载的”,outspoken“直言不讳的”,underpaid“报酬过低的”。
（10）由其他词类或结构转化而来:once-a-week“每周一次的”,all-round“全方位的”, round-the-clock“二十四小时的”, follow-up“后续的”,underweight“重量过轻的”,heart-to-heart“交心的”,out-of-work“失业的”,new-born“刚出生的”。
2.复合名词
（1）加连字符:baby-sitter“看孩子的人”,letter-box“信箱”,X-ray “X射线”,father-in-law“岳父”。
（2）不加连字符:haircut“理发”,repairman“修理工”,outbreak“爆发”,outcome“结果”,outlook“前景”,rainbow“彩虹”。
（3）以词组形式出现:bank account“银行账户”,birth control“生育控制”,blood pressure“血压”,book case“书柜”,bus stop“公共汽车站”, credit card“信用卡”,generation gap“代沟”,greenhouse effect“温室效应”,heart attack“心脏病发作”,pocket money“零用钱”,post office“邮局”,sign language“手语”,natural resources“自然资源”,mother tongue“母语”。
3.复合动词
（1）副词+动词:off-load“卸货”,outgrow“过度生长”,overhear“无意中听到”,oversleep“睡过头”,overlook“忽略”,update“更新”。
（2）其他形式:broadcast“广播”,withdraw“撤退”。
4.复合副词和复合介词
（1）复合副词:afterwards“后来”, alongside“与……并肩”,outside“外面”,indoors“室内”,nowadays“如今”,meanwhile“同时”, maybe“可能”,nevertheless“仍然（还）”,sideways“向一侧地”。
（2）复合介词:within“在……之内”,without“没有”,onto“到……上”,into“进入”,upon“在……之上”。
构成复合词时要注意以下几点：
1.“数词+名词（+形容词）”构成复合形容词时,名词不用复数,如 a nine-year-old boy“一个九岁的男孩”、a four-day trip “一次四天的旅行”、the 100-metre dash “百米赛跑”、an 800-metre-long bridge“一座八百米长的桥”。
2.“形容词+名词 +-ed”构成复合形容词时,该名词必须是中心词的一部分,否则不加-ed，如a white-haired woman “一个白头发的妇女”、a warm-hearted girl“一个热心肠的女孩”、a near-sighted boy “一个近视的男孩”、two middle-aged men “两个中年男人”。
3.“形容词+分词”构成复合形容词时,要注意中心词与分词是主谓关系还是动宾关系,如 an ordinary-looking man “一个相貌平常的男人”、an easy-going man “一个随和的人”、fresh-baked bread “刚烤的面包”、ready-made goods “现成的货物”。
4.由“副词+分词”构成复合形容词时,副词是修饰分词的状语,用动词-ing形式还是动词-ed形式取决于它与中心词是主谓关系还是动宾关系,如hard-working people “勤劳的人们”、bravely-fighting soldiers “勇敢战斗的战士”、a well-known singer “一个有名的歌手”、the newly-married couple“那对新婚夫妇”。
融会应用 用括号内所给单词构成的复合词填空
（1）There are a lot of ____________（good,look） girls among the freshmen this
year.
good-looking
（2）He was writing a book about travel in China for a ___________（well,know）
book publisher.
well-known
（3）What then makes people ___________（left,hand） if it is not simply genetic
left-handed
（4）He found a____________（three,leg） frog on the way home.
three-legged
（5）On a recent day，__________（passer,by） debated whether to feed them
carrots or rice.
passers-by
Ⅰ.品句填空
1.These ______________（新设计的） devices will appear at the exhibition next
month.
newly-designed
2.The ____________（无休止的） quarrel among the visitors certainly spoiled their
appetite for the banquet.
never-ending
3.Do you like the _____________（白雪覆盖的） mountains in the distance
snow-covered
4.I've been making enquiries about the cost of a _______________（环球的） trip.
round-the-world
5.Although ____________（长途的） phone calls are going up, the charge for local
calls will not alter.
long-distance
6.Before we start, can I make sure that you are fully aware of the dangers of
_________________（登山）
mountain-climbing
7.You need to set some __________（长远的） goals.
long-term
8.Many ___________（国产的） machines are becoming more and more popular.
home-made
9.He is suffering from fatigue and ____________（与压力有关的） illness.
stress-related
10.I think it appropriate that he had a _____________（交心的） talk with his boss
before he gave up the job.
heart-to-heart
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.Some kids are too crazy about playing computer games, which
__________________________________ their health.
有些孩子对玩电脑游戏非常痴迷,这对他们的健康非常不利。
is very harmful to/does great harm to
2.Though the actor has made great achievements, he
_______________________________.
尽管这位演员已经取得了很大成就,他还是并不满足于只做一名演员。
is not content to be an actor only
3._______________________________________,not where you come from or who you
are.
重要的是你的工作能力,而不是你从哪里来或者你是谁。
It is your ability to do the job that matters
4.I don't like its style.___________,I don't have enough money.
我不喜欢它的款式。而且,我的钱也不够。
In addition
5.It is still under discussion whether the old bus station ______________________ a
modern hotel or not.
老汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆取代仍然在讨论之中。
should be replaced with
6.The recent airplane crash ______________________ stronger safety regulations are
needed.
最近的空难坚定了我的信念：我们需要更强有力的安全规则。
confirms my belief that
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
The Internet can harm friendships.1.________（talk）online is no replacement for
face-to-face contact. Denise Daniels thinks that communicating online makes 2.___
more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others. Contacting with
other people directly enables us 3.___________（develop）lifelong friendships. The
Internet can make people so self-centred 4._____ they don't think of anyone or
anything but themselves. Some people are 5.__________（concern） with how many
“likes” they get and how many followers they have，6._______ cannot compare to
long-term and 7.__________（reward）friendships. Online friendships may not be true.
Talking
it
to develop
that
concerned
which
rewarding
Friendships should be built on the 8.______（base）of trust. You can't make sure the
9.________（honest） of the person you are chatting with. Going online can bring
danger for people who are influenced easily. So we should focus more on face-to-face
communication to maintain 10.________（health） relationships.
basis
honesty
healthy
Ⅳ.读后续写微技能
1.阅读教材课文中含有描述积极功能的句子
（1）While the Internet can bring people closer together...
（2）It is these skills that enable us to develop lifelong friendships.
（3）This is the best way to maintain healthy relationships.
2.判断下列句子中哪个是描述积极功能的句子
（1）...communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others.
（2）Secondly，the Internet can make people self-centred...
（3）In my opinion，friends should focus more on face-to-face communication，and less on online communication.
[答案] （3）
Ⅴ.Brainstorming（选做题）
What apps do you often use What do you use them for
____
略Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
【学习目标】
1.通过分析课文,了解网络对友谊产生的影响,理解Robert和Cathy的博客分别阐述的观点;正确认识虚拟世界与真实世界的关系。(语言能力,文化意识)
2.通过分析课文结构,了解文章大意,培养略读和查读等阅读能力以及分析长难句的能力。(学习能力)
3.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要词汇的基本用法。(语言能力)
4.通过对教材的理解,学会运用复合词。(语言能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
Ⅰ.基础单词
1. n.住处
2. vi.订阅;订购
3. adj.最新的;最近的
4. n.现实;真实
5. n.账户
6. vt.确保;保证
7. vt.按
8. n.恩惠;善意的行为
9. vt.确认;证实
10. vi.&vt.递送;传送
11. n.错误;失误
12. vt.&n.伤害;损害
13. vt.取代;接替
14. n.&vt.拥抱;紧抱
15. vi.专注;专心;集中注意力
16. adj.关切的;关心的
17. adj.有益的;有意义的
18. n.内容
19. adj.肤浅的;浅薄的
20. n.意见;看法;主张
21. vi.给予某物关注 n.焦点
22. vt.保持;维持
23. adj.简洁的;简明的
24. adj.创造性的
答案 1.accommodation 2.subscribe 3.latest
4.reality 5.account 6.ensure 7.press
8.favour 9.confirm 10.deliver 11.error
12.harm 13.replace 14.hug 15.concentrate 16.concerned 17.rewarding 18.content
19.shallow 20.opinion 21.focus 22.maintain 23.brief 24.creative
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1. adj.效能高的;强有力的;强壮的→ n.控制力;影响力;操纵力;统治
2. n.论点;论据→ v.争论;争吵;争辩
3. n.基础;基点 → v.以……为据点(或总部等);把(总部等)设在
4. adj.局限的;限制性的→ n.限度;限制;极限v.限制;限定
答案 1.powerful; power 2.argument; argue
3.basis; base 4.limiting; limit
构词规律
n.+-ful→adj.
powerful adj.效能高的;强有力的;强壮的 beautiful adj.美丽的 colourful adj.颜色鲜艳的;丰富多彩的
Step 2 短语记诵
1.mobile device
2.VR(Virtual Reality)
3.AR(Augmented Reality)
4.MR(Mixed Reality)
5.focus on
6.be concerned 关心……
7. addition除此之外
答案 1.移动设备 2.虚拟现实 3.增强现实
4.混合现实 5.关注 6.with 7.in
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.Firstly, talking online is no replacement for face-to-face contact...(动词-ing形式作主语)
翻译 首先,网上聊天并不能取代面对面的接触……
仿写 is good for your health.
做早操对你的健康有好处。
2.Thirdly, online relationships may not be what they appear to be.(what引导表语从句)
翻译 第三,网络关系可能不是它们看起来的那样。
仿写 He has become ten years ago.
他已经成为他10年前想成为的人了。
3.Secondly, the Internet has also made communication more fun.(make+宾语+宾语补足语)
翻译 其次,互联网也让交流变得更加有趣。
仿写 We will .
我们会使我们的国家越来越美丽。
答案 1.Doing morning exercises 2.what he wanted to be 3.make our country more and more beautiful
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1 文本整体理解,关注布局谋篇
Read the first blog post on Page 15 quickly and match each paragraph with its main idea.
( )1.Para.1 ( )2.Para.2
( )3.Para.3 ( )4.Para.4
( )5.Para.5
A.Online relationships may not be trusted.
B.Talking online cannot replace face-to-face contact.
C.Introduction.
D.The Internet can make people self-centred.
E.Suggestions on healthy relationships.
答案 1~5 CBDAE
Step 2 细读课文,明确教材细节
Ⅰ.Read the two blog posts on Pages 15-16 carefully and then choose the best answers.
1.What enables us to develop lifelong friendships according to Robert
A.Communicating through a screen.
B.Social skills developed through direct contact.
C.Talking online.
D.Advice from some parenting experts.
2.In Robert's view, friendships are built on .
A.the basis of trust
B.online communication
C.online popularity
D.the number of likes
3.The Internet can develop friendship through the following except according to Cathy.
A.making communication more fun
B.bringing people closer to each other
C.making communication much more convenient
D.spending too much time on the Internet
答案 1~3 BAD
Ⅱ.Fill in each blank with only one proper word according to the first blog post on Page 15.
The Internet Harms Friendships
Advantage The Internet can bring people 1. together.
Disadvantages ·Talking online cannot 2. face-to-face municating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to 3. or show kindness to others.Social skills 4. us to develop lifelong friendships. ·The Internet can make people 5. .Some people are only concerned with their online 6. ,which cannot compare to having long-term and 7. friendships.Lots of the content 8. on social media is shallow or trivial. ·Online relationships may not be 9. they appear to be.So going online can be particularly 10. for people who are easily influenced or too trusting.
Robert's opinions Friends should focus more on face-to-face communication,which is the best way to maintain 11. relationships.
答案 1.closer 2.replace 3.concentrate 4.enable 5.self-centred 6.popularity 7.rewarding 8.posted 9.what 10.dangerous 11.healthy
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 subscribe vi.同意;捐赠;订阅;订购 *subscriber n.(杂志等的)订购者;订阅者;(手机、电话等的)用户;捐助者;资助者 *subscription n.订阅(费)
(P12)to subscribe to newspapers and magazines
订阅报纸和杂志
知识拓展
subscribe to 同意;赞成;订购;捐款给
subscribe sth to 捐助某物给……
经典佳句
In your view,what magazine should we subscribe to
在你看来,我们应该订购什么杂志
He subscribed to our plan to arrange an activity to strengthen our team spirit.
他同意我们计划组织一次活动来加强我们的团队精神。
We subscribe to an animal protection society.
我们给一个动物保护协会捐款。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I subscribed a Reader magazine.
(2)The (subscribe) you dialed is powered off.
(3)He subscribes 50,000 dollars the charity every year.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)People all that children should read more.
人们都赞同孩子们应该多读书这一观点。
(5)Which journals did the library
图书馆订了哪些报刊
(6)A lot of people have the Red Cross.
很多人已经向红十字会捐款。
答案 (1)to (2)subscriber (3)to (4)subscribe to the view (5)subscribe to (6)subscribed to
知识点2 ensure vt.确保;保证
(P100)They also ensure that students can all enjoy the same learning materials...
它们也能确保学生们都能享用同样的学习材料……
知识拓展
ensure success/safety/quality 确保成功/安全/质量
ensure sb sth 向某人保证某事
ensure that... /make sure that... 确保……
经典佳句
The medicine will ensure you a good night's sleep.
这种药保证会让你一夜好眠。
His mother ensured that he took all the pills every day.
他的妈妈确保他每天都服下所有的药片。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)There is a growing tendency for people to do their shopping on the Internet.But sometimes it's difficult (ensure) the quality of the products.
(2)They have responsibility for (ensure)that the rules are enforced(执行).
Ⅱ.同义句转换
(3)I cannot ensure that she will be there on time.
→I cannot that she will be there on time.
(4)Please ensure his survival.
→Please his survival.
答案 (1)to ensure (2)ensuring (3)make sure (4)make sure of
知识点3 account n.账户;描述;解释 v. 认为是;视为
(P100)No,I've downloaded it, but I can't figure out how to set up an account.
不用,我已经下载了,但我不知道如何开通一个账户。
知识拓展
on no account 决不(置于句首时,句子要部分倒装)
take...into account/consideration 考虑……
on account of 由于;因为
account for 解释;说明;占……(比例)
经典佳句
He doesn't smoke on account of his health.
由于健康原因,他不抽烟。
The heavy rain may have accounted for the absence of so many students this morning.
大雨可能导致今早很多学生缺席。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Our teacher wanted you to account your absence last night.
(2)You are supposed to take your personality account and figure out what kind of job would suit you best.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)The professor warned the students that on no account in his class.
教授警告学生们,在他的课上决不能使用手机。
(4)He has been asked to .
他被要求解释他的行为。
(5)We delayed our departure .
由于天气不好,我们将起程(的时间)推迟了。
答案 (1)for (2)into (3)can they use mobile phones (4)account for his behavior (5)on account of the bad weather
知识点4 favour n.恩惠;帮助;赞同;支持;偏袒;偏爱v.较喜欢;偏爱 *favourable adj.给人好印象的;有利的;有助于……的
(P101)Can you do me a favour and find out what's going on
你能帮我个忙看看发生了什么事吗
知识拓展
in favour of 支持;赞同
do sb a favour=do a favour for sb 帮某人的忙
ask sb for a favour=ask a favour of sb 请求某人帮忙
in sb's favour 对某人有利;有助于某人
return the favour 回报;报答
图解释义
I need to become more healthy, so I favour an apple over a burger.
我需要变得更健康,所以比起汉堡,我偏好苹果。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Can I ask you a favour
(2)Do me favour and turn off the radio.
(3)I wouldn't be favour of income tax cuts.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)Could you and pick up Sam from school today
今天你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗
(5)Can I of you
我能请你帮个忙吗
(6)Thank you for helping me out.I'll some day.
多谢你帮助我。总有一天我会报答你的。
答案 (1)for (2)a (3)in (4)do me a favour
(5)ask a favour (6)return the favour
知识点5 confirm vt.确认;证实;证明 *confirmation n.确认;证实
(P101)Would you like me to confirm my account details
你想要我确认我的账户信息吗
知识拓展
confirm that... 证实……
It has been confirmed that... 已经确定/证实……
经典佳句
What you have said confirms my guess.
你的话证实了我的猜想。
The latest evidence confirmed his story.
最新的证据证实了他所叙述的事情。
It has been confirmed that water is important to the development of life.
已经证实,水对生命的发展十分重要。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Yesterday,he (confirm)as captain for the rest of the season.
(2)Additional $10 may be paid (confirm) the booking and will be returned on arrival.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3) they will leave their hometown for Canada.
已证实他们将离开家乡去加拿大。
答案 (1)was confirmed (2)to confirm (3)It has been confirmed that
知识点6 deliver vi.& vt.递送;传送;交付;发表(演说等);接生;分娩 *delivery n.递送;交付;分娩
(P101)Well, according to my records, Ms Smith, your order was delivered last week.
好的,史密斯女士,根据我的记录,您的订单是上周交付的。
知识拓展
deliver sth to sb 投递/传送某物给某人
deliver a speech 发表演说
deliver a baby 接生
be delivered of a baby=give birth to a baby 生孩子
经典佳句
Thank you for delivering my goods here.
多谢你把我的货物送到这儿。
After he came into power, the President delivered a wonderful speech.
总统上台之后,发表了一篇精彩的演说。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)He (deliver) one of the most wonderful speeches in history for the presidential election.
(2)Today,over thirty companies regularly donate food and other goods, and the volunteers help to deliver them the homeless.
(3)To her joy, she (deliver) of a healthy boy.
(4)Thank you very much for your quick (deliver)and support.
Ⅱ.写出下列句中deliver的含义
(5)Charlotte found herself operating on damaged limbs and setting broken bones, in addition to delivering all the babies in the area.
(6)She is due to deliver a speech on genetic engineering.
(7)Did you deliver my message to my father
答案 (1)delivered (2)to (3)was delivered
(4)delivery (5)接生 (6)发表(演说) (7)传送
知识点7 harm vt.& n.伤害;损害 *harmful adj.有害的 *harmless adj.无害的;无恶意的
(P14)Do you think the Internet helps or harms friendships
你认为互联网有助于友谊还是会损害友谊
知识拓展
do/cause harm to 对……造成伤害
do sb harm=do harm to sb 伤害某人;对某人有害
mean no harm 无恶意
be harmful to... 对……有害
经典佳句
The treatment did more harm than good to him.
治疗对他来说弊大于利。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)If you want to solve the problem this way,there is no harm in (call) him.
(2)Working on the computer too much is (harm) to your eyes.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)She has got into the bad habit of reading in the bed, .
她养成了在床上阅读的坏习惯,这对她的眼睛有害。
答案 (1)calling (2)harmful (3)which is harmful to/does harm to her eyes
知识点8 argument n.论点;论据;辩论;争吵 *argue v.争论;辩论;提出理由
(P14)Underline the general idea and the topic sentence for each argument.
在每个论点的中心思想和主题句下画线。
知识拓展
beyond argument 无须争论
have an argument with sb over/about sth 就某事和某人争论
get into an argument with sb 和某人争论
argue with sb about/over sth 与某人争论某事
argue for/against sth 为支持/反对某事而辩论
argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事
经典佳句
How would you like to support your argument
你要如何来论证你的论点
We had an argument with the waiter about the bill.
我们和服务员就账单发生了争吵。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)They argued the right to strike.
(2)It's no use arguing the question with him for he won't change his opinion.
(3)They argued him into (cycle) instead of driving there.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)(2023·广东茂名高一期末)When it comes to , it's better to leave them alone.
遇到别人争论时, 最好别插嘴。
答案 (1)for (2)about/over (3)cycling (4)other people's argument(s)
知识点9 replace vt.取代;接替;把……放回原处 *replacement n.更换;替换;代替者
(P15)Firstly,talking online is no replacement for face-to-face contact—images really cannot replace a real-life smile or hug.
首先,网上聊天并不能取代面对面的接触——图像无法真正取代现实生活中的微笑或拥抱。
知识拓展
replace...with/by... 用……替换……
replace sb=take the place of sb=take one's place 代替/替代某人的位置
经典佳句
She didn't replace the cup after using it,and it fell to the ground and was broken,which made her very upset.Her husband suggested replacing it with a plastic one so that it wouldn't be so easy to break,but she said nothing could take the place of this cup.
她用过杯子后没有放回原处,杯子掉在地上摔坏了,这让她非常难过。她的丈夫建议把这个杯子换成塑料的,这样它就不那么容易坏了,但她说没有什么能代替这个杯子。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced some other less competitive events.
(2)Nobody can take the place you to do the work.
Ⅱ.同义句转换
(3)No one can replace her father in her heart.
→No one can in her heart.
→No one can in her heart.
答案 (1)with/by (2)of (3)take the place of her father;take her father's place
知识点10 concentrate vi.专注;专心;集中注意力 *concentration n.专心;集中
*concentrated adj.全力以赴的;浓缩的;集中的
(P15)According to a parenting expert, Denise Daniels, communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others.
据育儿专家丹尼斯·丹尼尔斯说,通过屏幕进行的交流使孩子更难集中精力或善待他人。
知识拓展
concentrate on (doing)sth 专心(做)某事
concentrate one's mind/attention on 集中注意力于;致力于;专心于
经典佳句
I decided to concentrate all my efforts on finding somewhere to live.
我决定全力以赴找个住的地方。
You should do your homework with concentration.
你做作业要专心。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Many firms are concentrating increasing their markets overseas.
(2)They reflect a (concentrate) beam (束)of light onto the town's central square.
(3)They will concentrate on (teach)the students reading and writing.
(4)He tried to concentrate his attention his chemical experiment.
(5)I knew that (concentrate) was the first requirement for learning.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(6)It was up to him and make something of himself.
专心学习并取得一定成就取决于他自己。
(7)When driving, a driver should .
开车时,司机应专注于路况。
答案 (1)on (2)concentrated (3)teaching
(4)on (5)concentration (6)to concentrate on his studies (7)concentrate his attention on the road
知识点 11 rewarding adj.有益的;有意义的;报酬高的 *reward n.奖赏;回报 v.奖赏;酬谢;报答
(P15)...though we know that the number of “likes” or followers cannot compare to having long-term and rewarding friendships.
……尽管我们知道“赞”或关注者的数量无法与拥有长期而有益的友谊相比。
知识拓展
as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏
give/offer a reward to sb for sth 因为某事而给某人报酬
in reward for 以奖励/报答……;作为……的回报
reward sb (with...) for sth 因某事而(以……)报答某人
经典佳句
He found what he did rewarding.
他发现自己做的事很有意义。
You deserve a reward for being so helpful.
你帮了这么大的忙,应该得到奖赏。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)He was given a medal as a reward his service.
(2)His effort was rewarded remarkable success.
(3)She got nothing in reward her kindness.
答案 (1)for (2)with (3)for
知识点 12 content n.内容;目录;容量;满足 adj.满足的;满意的vt.使满足
(P15)In addition, a lot of the content posted on social media is shallow or trivial.
另外,很多发布在社交媒体上的内容都是肤浅和没什么价值的。
知识拓展
feel/be content with 对……满足/满意
be content to do sth 满足于做某事
content oneself with 使自己满足于
经典佳句
They said they liked the content of your article,but the style wasn't quite right for the magazine.
他们说喜欢你文章的内容,但是文章的风格不太适合那本杂志。
He seemed more content and less bitter.
他看起来比较满意,没有那么愤愤不平。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)The Smiths are content (live)a simple life.
(2)She contented (her) with what she had achieved.
(3)My friend is quite content his new job.
(4)The (content)of his suitcase are doubtful.
答案 (1)to live (2)herself (3)with (4)contents
知识点 13 limiting adj.局限的;限制性的 *limit n.& vt.限制 *limited adj.有限的 *limitless adj.无限的
(P16)Traditional ways of communicating,like letters and phone calls, can be limiting and take time.
像信件和电话这样传统的沟通方式可能有局限性,并且需要时间。
知识拓展
a time limit时间限制
an age limit年龄限制
a speed limit限速
a limit to ……的极限
set a limit on对……进行限制
without a limit 毫无限制地;不加限制地
limit...to...将……限制在……范围内
经典佳句
A limiting factor in the improvement of health is the lack of doctors.
在改善健康状况方面的一个限制因素是缺少医生。
Lack of cash is a limiting factor.
现金短缺是一个制约因素。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)My husband and I were excited about shopping for our first home.But our money was (limit).
(2)We have only three tickets available for the movie.So I have to limit the number of children three—just three.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)(2023·河南郸城高一月考)In my opinion, you had better the expenses of your trip to avoid spending money .
在我看来,你们最好给这次旅行的费用定一个限度,以免不加限制地花钱。
答案 (1)limited (2)to (3)set a limit on;without a limit
短 语 句 式
知识点 14 in addition除此之外
(P15)In addition, a lot of the content posted on social media is shallow or trivial.
另外,很多发布在社交媒体上的内容都是肤浅和没什么价值的。
知识拓展
in addition to 除……之外
add up 把……加起来
add up to 总共是;总计为(不用于被动语态)
add ... to ... 把……加到/进……里
add to 增加;增添
add that... 补充说……
经典佳句
The products are of high quality.In addition,the price is low.
产品质量上乘。另外,价格低廉。
The company provides free service in addition.
另外,公司还提供免费服务。
名师点拨
(1)in addition 可用于句首、句中或句末,用于句首或句中时,通常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。
(2)in addition to“除……之外(还)”,其中的to是介词,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
融会应用
Ⅰ.选词填空(in addition/in addition to)
(1) the school,the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.
(2)It's too late to go to the cinema now. ,it's going to rain.
(3)Aunt Mary gave us sandwiches for our picnic and a bag of cookies .
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)His whole school education no more than one year.
他所有的学校教育加起来不到一年。
(5)The heavy rain the difficulty in rescuing the buried people.
大雨增加了营救被掩埋群众的困难。
答案 (1)In addition to (2)In addition (3)in addition (4)added up to (5)added to
知识点15 focus on关注
(P15)In my opinion,friends should focus more on face-to-face communication,and less on online communication.
在我看来,朋友们应该更多地关注面对面的交流,少关注在线交流。
知识拓展
focus one's attention/eyes/energy on 集中注意力/目光/精力于
the focus of attention 关注的焦点
in focus 焦点对准的;清晰的
out of focus 焦点没对准的;不清晰的
经典佳句
Dad took out his camera and focused on the bird.
爸爸拿出相机,把镜头对准那只小鸟。
He is so tired that he can't focus on anything today.
他今天太累了,以至于在任何事情上都集中不了精神。
名师点拨
表示“集中注意力于;专心于”的短语还有be absorbed in、devote oneself to、concentrate one's attention on、put one's heart into、fix one's attention on等。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)They focus what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.
(2)The children's faces are badly of focus in the photograph.
(3)The programme was intended to focus its attention global economy.
Ⅱ.一句多译
(4)由于汤姆在隔壁唱歌,我不能集中注意力看书。
→I can't the book with Tom singing next door.(focus)
→I can't the book with Tom singing next door.(absorb)
→I can't the book with Tom singing next door.(concentrate)
答案 (1)on (2)out (3)on (4)focus my attention on;be absorbed in;concentrate my attention on
知识点 16 make+宾语+宾语补足语
(P15)According to a parenting expert, Denise Daniels, communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others.
据育儿专家丹尼斯·丹尼尔斯说,通过屏幕进行的交流使孩子更难集中精力或善待他人。
知识拓展
句中makes it more difficult for children to concentrate...为make的复合结构。其中it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。常见的make的复合结构:
(1)make+it+形容词/名词+that从句
Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
苏珊清楚地跟我表明她希望为自己创造新的生活。
(2)make+it+形容词/名词+to do
The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.
大雨使得我们无法出门。
名师点拨
常用于这种句型的动词还有 think、consider、find、feel等。
He considered it important for him to learn spoken English well.
他认为学好英语口语对他来说很重要。
I find it no use arguing with Bill, because he never changes his mind.
我发现与比尔争辩没有用,因为他从不改变主意。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)He didn't make clear when and where the sports meeting would be held.
(2)People in the West make it a rule (buy)Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.
Ⅱ.同义句转换
(3)I think it is a good habit to get up early in the morning.
→I think to get up early in the morning.(it作形式宾语)
(4)We find that it is easy to get along with him.
→We find .(it作形式宾语)
答案 (1)it (2)to buy (3)it a good habit (4)it easy to get along with him
知识点 17 强调句
(P15)It is these skills that enable us to develop lifelong friendships.
正是这些技能使我们能够发展终生的友谊。
知识拓展
本句是一个强调句,强调主语these skills。
强调句型是用来对句中某一成分加以强调的,其一般句型为“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who...”。
需要注意的几点是:
(1)强调句和其他句型最明显的区别:强调句的判断标志是去掉it is/was和that/who,适当调整后仍然是个完整的句子。
(2)此句型不可强调谓语动词,如要强调谓语动词,可在动词原形前加do、does或did。
(3)not...until...的强调句式是“It is/was not until...that+其他成分”。
(4)该句型可以强调because引导的原因状语从句,但不能强调由as、since等引导的原因状语从句。
(5)如果强调的是主语或宾语且指人时,则可用who或that;如果被强调的部分是其他成分时,须用that。
It was the manager that/who asked his secretary to keep him informed of the progress.
是经理让他的秘书通知他进展情况。
It is coffee that they always drink in the afternoon.
他们经常在下午喝的是咖啡。
融会应用
单句填空
(1) was yesterday that we had an English examination.
(2)It was with the help of the local guide the mountain climber was rescued.
(3)It was not until I came here I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
答案 (1)It (2)that (3)that
语法探究
复 合 词
探究点1 复合词的书写形式
1.一般情况下在词与词之间要加连字符号,如 sea-sick“晕船的”、world-famous“闻名世界的”、seven-year-old“七岁的”、three-hour“三小时的”。
2.有些复合词已经完全融为一体,不用加连字符号,如textbook“教科书”、schoolmate“校友”、spokesman“发言人”、salesgirl“女售货员”、notebook“笔记本”、breakthrough“突破”、download“下载”、policewoman“女警察”。
3.还有一些情况直接用词组的形式,如air conditioner“空调机”、clothes shop“服装店”、alarm clock“闹钟”、girl student“女学生”。
探究点2 复合词的构成方法
1.复合形容词
(1)名词+形容词:oil-rich“含油量多的”, duty-free“免税的”,care-free“无忧无虑的”, homesick“想家的”。
(2)形容词+形容词:bitter-sweet“又苦又甜的”, light-green“浅绿色的”, dark-brown“深棕色的”, freezing-cold“寒冷的”。
(3)名词+动词-ing形式:trouble-making“制造麻烦的”,law-breaking“犯法的”, painstaking“费力的”, time-consuming“耗时的”, peace-loving“热爱和平的”, labor-saving“省力的”,record-breaking“破纪录的”。
(4)名词+动词-ed形式:man-made“人造的”, poverty-stricken“贫困的”, heart-broken“伤心的”, snow-covered“被雪覆盖的”, task-based“任务型的”。
(5)形容词+动词-ing形式:good-looking“好看的”, easy-going“随和的”,nice-sounding“好听的”。
(6)形容词+名词+-ed:simple-minded“头脑简单的”, kind-hearted“心地善良的”,black-eyed“黑眼睛的”,warm-hearted“热心肠的”。
(7)数词+名词(+形容词):four-hour“四小时的”,100-metre“一百米的”, four-day“为期四天的”, five-year-old“五岁的”,second-hand“二手的”。
(8)副词+动词-ing形式:ever-lasting“持续的”, far-reaching“深远的”,oncoming“迎面而来的”,outgoing“外向的”。
(9)副词+动词-ed形式:well-known“著名的”, newly-built“新建的”, over-loaded“超载的”,outspoken“直言不讳的”,underpaid“报酬过低的”。
(10)由其他词类或结构转化而来:once-a-week“每周一次的”,all-round“全方位的”, round-the-clock“二十四小时的”, follow-up“后续的”,underweight“重量过轻的”,heart-to-heart“交心的”,out-of-work“失业的”,new-born“刚出生的”。
2.复合名词
(1)加连字符:baby-sitter“看孩子的人”,letter-box“信箱”,X-ray “X射线”,father-in-law“岳父”。
(2)不加连字符:haircut“理发”,repairman“修理工”,outbreak“爆发”,outcome“结果”,outlook“前景”,rainbow“彩虹”。
(3)以词组形式出现:bank account“银行账户”,birth control“生育控制”,blood pressure“血压”,book case“书柜”,bus stop“公共汽车站”, credit card“信用卡”,generation gap“代沟”,greenhouse effect“温室效应”,heart attack“心脏病发作”,pocket money“零用钱”,post office“邮局”,sign language“手语”,natural resources“自然资源”,mother tongue“母语”。
3.复合动词
(1)副词+动词:off-load“卸货”,outgrow“过度生长”,overhear“无意中听到”,oversleep“睡过头”,overlook“忽略”,update“更新”。
(2)其他形式:broadcast“广播”,withdraw“撤退”。
4.复合副词和复合介词
(1)复合副词:afterwards“后来”, alongside“与……并肩”,outside“外面”,indoors“室内”,nowadays“如今”,meanwhile“同时”, maybe“可能”,nevertheless“仍然(还)”,sideways“向一侧地”。
(2)复合介词:within“在……之内”,without“没有”,onto“到……上”,into“进入”,upon“在……之上”。
名师点拨
构成复合词时要注意以下几点:
1.“数词+名词(+形容词)”构成复合形容词时,名词不用复数,如 a nine-year-old boy“一个九岁的男孩”、a four-day trip “一次四天的旅行”、the 100-metre dash “百米赛跑”、an 800-metre-long bridge“一座八百米长的桥”。
2.“形容词+名词 +-ed”构成复合形容词时,该名词必须是中心词的一部分,否则不加-ed,如a white-haired woman “一个白头发的妇女”、a warm-hearted girl“一个热心肠的女孩”、a near-sighted boy “一个近视的男孩”、two middle-aged men “两个中年男人”。
3.“形容词+分词”构成复合形容词时,要注意中心词与分词是主谓关系还是动宾关系,如 an ordinary-looking man “一个相貌平常的男人”、an easy-going man “一个随和的人”、fresh-baked bread “刚烤的面包”、ready-made goods “现成的货物”。
4.由“副词+分词”构成复合形容词时,副词是修饰分词的状语,用动词-ing形式还是动词-ed形式取决于它与中心词是主谓关系还是动宾关系,如hard-working people “勤劳的人们”、bravely-fighting soldiers “勇敢战斗的战士”、a well-known singer “一个有名的歌手”、the newly-married couple“那对新婚夫妇”。
融会应用
用括号内所给单词构成的复合词填空
(1)There are a lot of (good,look) girls among the freshmen this year.
(2)He was writing a book about travel in China for a (well,know) book publisher.
(3)What then makes people (left,hand) if it is not simply genetic
(4)He found a (three,leg) frog on the way home.
(5)On a recent day, (passer,by) debated whether to feed them carrots or rice.
答案 (1)good-looking (2)well-known (3)left-handed (4)three-legged (5)passers-by
【随堂检测】
Ⅰ.品句填空
1.These (新设计的) devices will appear at the exhibition next month.
2.The (无休止的) quarrel among the visitors certainly spoiled their appetite for the banquet.
3.Do you like the (白雪覆盖的) mountains in the distance
4.I've been making enquiries about the cost of a (环球的) trip.
5.Although (长途的) phone calls are going up, the charge for local calls will not alter.
6.Before we start, can I make sure that you are fully aware of the dangers of (登山)
7.You need to set some (长远的) goals.
8.Many (国产的) machines are becoming more and more popular.
9.He is suffering from fatigue and (与压力有关的) illness.
10.I think it appropriate that he had a (交心的) talk with his boss before he gave up the job.
答案 1.newly-designed 2.never-ending
3.snow-covered 4.round-the-world 5.long-distance
6.mountain-climbing 7.long-term 8.home-made
9.stress-related 10.heart-to-heart
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.Some kids are too crazy about playing computer games, which their health.
有些孩子对玩电脑游戏非常痴迷,这对他们的健康非常不利。
2.Though the actor has made great achievements, he .
尽管这位演员已经取得了很大成就,他还是并不满足于只做一名演员。
3. ,not where you come from or who you are.
重要的是你的工作能力,而不是你从哪里来或者你是谁。
4.I don't like its style. ,I don't have enough money.
我不喜欢它的款式。而且,我的钱也不够。
5.It is still under discussion whether the old bus station a modern hotel or not.
老汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆取代仍然在讨论之中。
6.The recent airplane crash stronger safety regulations are needed.
最近的空难坚定了我的信念:我们需要更强有力的安全规则。
答案 1.is very harmful to/does great harm to 2.is not content to be an actor only 3.It is your ability to do the job that matters 4.In addition 5.should be replaced with 6.confirms my belief that
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
The Internet can harm friendships.1. (talk)online is no replacement for face-to-face contact.Denise Daniels thinks that communicating online makes 2. more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others. Contacting with other people directly enables us 3. (develop)lifelong friendships.The Internet can make people so self-centred 4. they don't think of anyone or anything but themselves.Some people are 5. (concern) with how many “likes” they get and how many followers they have,6. cannot compare to long-term and 7. (reward)friendships.Online friendships may not be true.Friendships should be built on the 8. (base)of trust.You can't make sure the 9. (honest) of the person you are chatting with.Going online can bring danger for people who are influenced easily.So we should focus more on face-to-face communication to maintain 10. (health) relationships.
答案 1.Talking 2.it 3.to develop 4.that
5.concerned 6.which 7.rewarding 8.basis
9.honesty 10.healthy
Ⅳ.读后续写微技能
1.阅读教材课文中含有描述积极功能的句子
(1)While the Internet can bring people closer together...
(2)It is these skills that enable us to develop lifelong friendships.
(3)This is the best way to maintain healthy relationships.
2.判断下列句子中哪个是描述积极功能的句子
(1)...communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others.
(2)Secondly,the Internet can make people self-centred...
(3)In my opinion,friends should focus more on face-to-face communication,and less on online communication.
答案 (3)
Ⅴ.Brainstorming(选做题)
What apps do you often use What do you use them for
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答案 略
导学思路 (仅供教师参考)
为了让学生了解应用程序的功能和用途,感受它们给人们生活带来的便利,教师可以设计新的情境,帮助学生了解更多应用程序的相关知识,并且积累介绍应用程序功能和用途的相关语言,为最后的语言输出进行铺垫。学生能够多角度分析手机应用程序带来的影响,并能就如何合理地使用应用程序进行理性表达。
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