(共85张PPT)
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
Section Ⅲ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
1.了解两组人去南极的途中所发生的事情,以及他们在探险的过程中是如何面对困难的；了解人类与南极的关系,正确认识人类对大自然的探索，从而进一步意识到人与自然和谐相处的重要性。（语言能力,文化意识）
2.通过分析课文结构，了解文本大意，培养略读和查读等阅读能力，培养分析长难句的能力。（学习能力）
3.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要词汇的基本用法。（语言能力）
4.通过对教材的理解,学会运用后缀。（语言能力）
Ⅰ.基础单词
1._______ n.& vt.营救；救援
rescue
2._______ n.交通工具；车辆
vehicle
3._____vt.困住； 使陷于危险中
trap
4.________ n.& vt.努力；尝试；企图
attempt
5._____ n.丧失； 死亡
loss
6.________ n.伤害；损伤；损害
damage
7.________vt.估量；衡量；测量
measure
8._________ adv.在海外；在外国
overseas
9.____ n.场所；地点
site
10.________n.过程；进程
process
11._____ n.职责；义务； 责任
duty
12._________ n.（肉体或精神上的）痛苦；折磨
suffering
13.________ vt.实施；进行；执行vi.& vt.指挥
conduct
14._______adv.附近
nearby
15.___________ n.预备；准备
preparation
16.____ n.滑雪板vi.滑雪
ski
17.______ adj.极地的；地极的
polar
18._____ n.基地；大本营；基础vt.以……为基地
base
19.______ vt.证明；证实
prove
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1._________vt.打断讲话→___________n.打扰；插嘴
interrupt
interruption
2.______ n.死；死亡→____ v.死；死亡→_____ adj.死亡的
death
die
dead
3._________ n.行动；活动；手术；操作→________ v.运转；工作；做手术
operation
operate
4.__________ n.保护； 防护→_______ vt.保护
protection
protect
5.________vi.& vt.呼吸→_______n.呼吸
breathe
breath
6.________ n.探险者；勘察者→___________ n.探险；探索→________ v.探险；勘探；
探索
explorer
exploration
explore
7._________ adv.焦虑地； 不安地→________ adj.焦虑的； 不安的
anxiously
anxious
8._________ n.抱负；雄心；追求；夙愿→__________ adj.有抱负的；有雄心的
ambition
ambitious
9.________ adj.高兴的；兴高采烈的→______ n.欢呼声；喝彩声v.欢呼；喝彩
cheerful
cheer
10._______adj.久远的； 遥远的→________n.距离； 遥远
distant
distance
11.________ n.坦诚； 诚实；正直→_______ adj.坦诚的； 诚实的
honesty
honest
12._________ n.真诚；真挚；诚实→_______ adj.真诚的→_________ adv.真诚地
sincerity
sincere
sincerely
13.________ n.勇气； 勇敢的行为→______ adj.勇敢的
bravery
brave
构词规律
adj.+-y→n.
honest adj.→honesty n.坦诚；诚实；正直
brave adj.→bravery n.勇气； 勇敢的行为
Ⅲ.一词多义
1.operation n.行动；活动；手术；操作
（1）Doctors performed an emergency operation for appendicitis（阑尾炎） last
night._______
n.手术
（2）The police have launched a major operation against drug suppliers._______
n.行动
（3）Operation of the device is extremely simple._______
n.操作
2.conduct v.实施；进行；执行；举止；表现；指挥（歌唱或音乐演奏）；带领；引导
（1）The negotiations have been conducted in a positive manner._______
v.进行
（2）The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city._______
v.引导
（3）He conducted himself far better than expected._______
v.表现
（4）Dennis had recently begun a successful career conducting opera in
Europe._________________________
v.指挥（歌唱或音乐演奏）
A.吸气
B.用完；耗尽
C.为……做准备
D.取得进步
E.停止运转；出故障
F.在某人去某地的路上
G.一路上；一直
H.曾经；一度
I.继续
J.陷入；染上
1.( ) on one's way to
F
2.( ) make progress
D
3.( ) carry on
I
4.( ) all the way
G
5.( ) get into
J
6.( ) breathe in
A
7.( ) in preparation for
C
8.( ) at one time
H
9.( ) run out
B
10.( ) break down
E
1.Then came the total darknessof the polar winter.（完全倒装）
翻译 接着漆黑的极地冬夜来临了。
仿写 Now ________________.
现在轮到你了。
comes your turn
2.He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.（have
sb/sth doing的用法）
翻译 他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，他的队员们都在滑雪板上。
仿写 He _______________during the lunchtime.
他让我们在午饭期间一直笑个不停。
had us laughing
3.We are very cheerful, but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess.（what
引导宾语从句）
翻译 我们几个兴高采烈，但是，我只能去猜测每个人的内心感受。
仿写 People were perhaps more diligent a long time ago, when life was very
different from _______________.
很久以前的生活与现在的生活截然不同,那时的人们或许更勤劳。
what it is today
Step 1 文本整体理解，关注布局谋篇
Read the passage quickly and match each paragraph with its main idea according to the passage on Pages 36-37.
A.Scott and his men were made into heroes.
B.The return journey and the difficulties.
C.The race began.
D.The race between Scott and Amundsen.
1.( ) Para.1
C
2.( ) Paras.2-5
D
3.( ) Paras.6-10
B
4.( ) Para.11
A
Step 2 细读课文，明确教材细节
Ⅰ.Read the passage on Pages 36-37 carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Which of the following is a fact about the team of Captain Scott ( )
C
A.Captain Scott set out earlier than Roald Amundsen.
B.Captain Scott started on 1 June, 1910 and marched non-stop till 17 January, 1912.
C.On their way back, they carried 20 kilos of rocks all the way with them.
D.The whole team died from hunger.
2.Which of the following CANNOT be the cause of the failure of the race for
Captain Scott ( )
C
A.They had to push the sledges themselves.
B.A storm broke out at the wrong time.
C.They spent time writing home instead of struggling.
D.The horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.
3.The story mainly tells us ___.
A
A.an experience of the race to the Pole
B.the lesson from Captain Scott
C.the way to the South Pole can be too hard
D.enough food will ensure that we can succeed
Ⅱ.The following picture describes Antarctic. Have you ever dreamed of a journey there Why
___
参考范文
I've dreamed of going there for a visit. Antarctic continent is the world's latest discovery of the continent, alone at the southernmost tip of the Earth. Antarctic is known as the “white continent” with more than 95 percent of the area covered by thick ice and snow. Antarctic is surrounded by the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and because it is far from the other continents, completely cut off from the civilized world and the mainland, it has not yet had permanent resident； only a small number of scientists are living and working there temporarily.
核 心 单 词
知识点1 rescue n.& vt.营救；救援 ＊rescuer n.救助者
（P34）Search and rescue vehicles are brought into destroyed areas.
搜救车进入被破坏的地区。
rescue sb/sth from... 从……中营救出某人/某物
come/go/run to one's rescue 来/去/跑去援救某人
rescue workers 救援人员
a rescue team 救援队
David rescued a fisherman from the storm at sea.
戴维从海上风暴中救起了一个渔民。
rescue和save的用法区别：
rescue多指营救某人脱离紧迫的危险；
save含义广泛，既可指营救某人脱离危险，也可指精神或道德上的拯救。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）I didn't know anybody at the party, but the hostess came ___ my rescue.
to
（2）The lifeboat rescued the sailors ______ the sinking boat.
from
Ⅱ.翻译句子
（3）他被人从着火的大楼里救了出来。
_______________________________________
He was rescued from the burning building.
（4）这个老人跑去援救她。
____________________________________________
The old man ran to her rescue/ran to rescue her.
知识点2 trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中 n.圈套；陷阱 ＊trapped adj.受困的
（P34）Rescue teams try to save people trapped under buildings.
救援队试图营救被困在建筑物下面的人。
be trapped in... 被困在……
trap sb into doing sth 诱骗某人做某事
set/lay a trap 设置陷阱；布下圈套
fall/walk into a trap 落入陷阱/圈套
A trap was laid with fresh bait.
陷阱设置好了，还投放了新诱饵。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）They ________________ （trap） in the cave for 20 days before they were
rescued yesterday.
had been trapped
（2）The thief fell _____ the trap set by the police.
into
（3）They trapped her into _______ （tell） where the gift was hidden.
telling
（4）We succeed in our field of specialization and then become ________ （trap）
in it.
trapped
Ⅱ.单句写作
（5）（2023·合肥一中月考）When the people ________________________, rescue
team from China came to rescue.
当人们被困在废墟中时，中国救援队前来援救。
were trapped in the ruins
知识点3 attempt n.& vt.努力；尝试；企图
（P34）What happens in rescue attempts
在救援行动中会发生什么
attempt to do sth=make an attempt to do/at doing sth 试图做某事
in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事
at/on the first attempt 第一次尝试
You should make an attempt to solve this problem, otherwise you would regret.
你应该试着解决一下这个问题, 否则你会留有遗憾的。
They are attempting to climb the steepest part of the mountain.
他们正尝试攀登那座山最陡峭的部分。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）I passed my driving test ______ the first attempt.
at/on
（2）The climbers will make an attempt _________ （reach） the summit today.
to reach
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）The students who are not successful ____________________may take the exam
again.
第一次考试不及格的学生可参加补考。
at/on the first attempt
（4）I ________________to make friends with her.
我没有打算和她做朋友。
made no attempt
（5）Don't ________________________________________________________so much i
n such a short time.
时间这么短,别想干这么多的事。
attempt to do/make an attempt at doing/make an attempt to do
（6）Personally speaking, parents _____________________________________________
_______by giving whatever they require.
在我看来，父母们正在通过给孩子需要的任何东西来保护他们的孩子。
are making an attempt/are attempting to protect their kids
知识点4 damage n.伤害；损伤；损害 vt.损害；损毁
（P102）As you know, natural disasters like earthquakes, floods and landslides can cause death and other loss and damage that is hard to measure.
如你所知,地震、洪水和山体滑坡等自然灾害会造成死亡和其他难以估量的损失和破坏。
cause/do damage to 给……带来/造成损害
be badly damaged 遭受严重损害
damage one's health 损害某人的健康
Eating too much meat at a time will cause damage to your stomach.
一次吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）The earthquake caused great damage ___ the city.
to
（2）It will take several months to repair the ship _________（damage） in the
storm.
damaged
Ⅱ.一句多译
（3）众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。
→As we all know, smoking can ____________________________.（damage n.）
→As we all know, smoking can _________________.（damage vt.）
do/cause damage to our health
damage our health
知识点5 measure vt.估量；衡量；测量 n.措施；尺寸；程度 ＊measurement n. 测量；度量
（P102）As you know, natural disasters like earthquakes, floods and landslides can cause death and other loss and damage that is hard to measure.
如你所知,地震、洪水和山体滑坡等自然灾害会造成死亡和其他难以估量的损失和破坏。
take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事
make...to one's measure 根据某人的尺寸做（衣服）
take sb's measure 给某人量尺寸
in some measure 在某种程度上
Think about measures for measuring the weight of the elephant.
思考测量大象重量的办法。
（1）measure表示“量度为”时是系动词，后跟测量结果，不用于被动语态及进行时。类似用法的单词还有weigh。
（2）measure表示“量起来有……长/宽/高”时是不及物动词,没有被动语态。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）We've taken _________ （measure） to solve the housing problem.
measures
（2）This bridge _________ （measure） 5 kilometres long.
measures
（3）This smart keyboard precisely _________ （measure） the cadence（节奏）
with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.
measures
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）______________________________, but they haven't worked up to now.
已经采取了一些措施,但它们到现在还未起作用。
Some measures have been taken
（5）The tailor __________________________.
裁缝为我定做了一套西装。
made a suit to my measure
知识点6 conduct vt.实施；进行；执行 vi.& vt.指挥 n.行为；举止；实施（办法） ＊conductor n.（乐队等的）指挥；售票员；导体
（P103）You've told us a lot about how you conduct rescue attempts, but could you please tell us more about protection
你已经告诉我们很多关于你是如何进行营救的,但是你能告诉我们更多关于保护的措施吗
conduct a survey 进行调查
conduct oneself 举止得体
good conduct 好的行为
Why has his fellow students' conduct changed towards Marty
为什么马蒂的同学对他的行为改变了？
To raise students' awareness of environmental protection and promote garbage sorting on campus,our school will conduct a series of activities next Saturday.
为了增强学生的环保意识, 促进校园垃圾分类, 我校将于下周六组织一系列活动。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）Moreover, ______________________________ on the potential buyers.
此外,我想对潜在买家进行调查。
I would like to conduct a survey
（2）___________________________ at these dinners
我在这类晚宴上该怎样做到举止得体呢
How should I conduct myself
（3）The children ______________________________ and punished for ____________.
孩子们因行为良好而受奖励,因行为不端而受惩罚。
were rewarded for good conduct
bad conduct
知识点7 preparation n.预备；准备 ＊prepare v.准备 ＊prepared adj.准备好的；有所准备的
（P36）What preparations do they need to make
他们需要做什么准备
in preparation for 准备……
make preparations for 为……做准备
prepare for... 为……做准备
get/be prepared for 为……做好准备
My parents wanted me to make good preparations for the interview.
我的父母希望我为面试做好准备。
When preparing for the English speech contest，I found it very challenging to collect information and use language correctly.
在准备英语演讲比赛的时候，我发现收集信息和正确使用语言是非常具有挑战性的。
preparation用作不可数名词时表示“准备；预备”，常用于in preparation （for sth）短语中；用作可数名词时表示具体的“准备工作”,常与动词make连用,组成make preparations for短语。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Tom is making ____________ （prepare） for the next examination.
preparations
（2）I'm not well prepared ____ the exam. I'm afraid I won't pass.
for
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）_________________ the sports meeting, he trains hard every day.
为准备运动会,他每天都刻苦训练。
In preparation for
（4）He didn't _______________________this exam, so he failed.
他考试前没做任何准备,所以没及格。
make any preparation for
知识点8 base n.基地；大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地 ＊basic adj.基础的；基本的
（P36）During the polar summer of 1910-1911, both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.
在1910~1911年的极地夏季,两队人都为下一年的探险建立了食物基地。
base...on/upon 把……置于……基础之上
be based on/upon 以……为基础/根据
The movie The Call of the Wild is based on/upon the popular novel of the same name.
电影《野性的呼唤》是根据同名人气小说翻拍的。
融会应用
Ⅰ.用base的适当形式填空
（1）______ research is of great importance in all scientific fields.
Basic
（2）_______ on a true story, the novel will be popular soon.
Based
Ⅱ.翻译句子
（3）医患关系是以信任为基础的。（be based on）
___________________________________________
The doctor-patient relationship is based on trust.
知识点9 anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地 ＊anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的；渴望的 ＊anxiety n.忧虑；担忧
（P36） Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.
斯科特和阿蒙森都焦急地等待着春天的来临。
be anxious about 为……担心/忧虑
be anxious for sth 渴望某物
be anxious to do sth 渴望做某事
be anxious for sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事
be anxious that sb （should） do sth 渴望某人做某事
with anxiety 焦虑地
Parents are naturally anxious about their children.
父母自然为儿女们担心。
Tracy was anxiously waiting for her brother's phone call.
特蕾西焦急地等待着她哥哥的电话。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）Harry still can't help being anxious ______ his job interview.
about
（2）Alice is anxious _________ （show） that she can cope with extra
responsibility.
to show
（3）Henry was anxious that they ________________ （have） all they want.
（should） have
知识点10 prove vt.证明；证实
（P37）Later, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.
后来,通过这些岩石可以证实,在遥远的过去,南极洲曾经被植物覆盖。
prove sth to sb 向某人证明某事
prove oneself （to be）... 证明自己是……
prove （to be）+n./adj. 原来是；证明是
It is proved that... 据证明……
The difficulty was how he could prove his ideas to other scientists.
困难在于他怎样向其他科学家证实他的想法。
It is proved that this method is effective.
据证明这种方法是行之有效的。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）She proved _______ （her） to be an able secretary.
herself
（2）The famous scientist's theory proved ______ （be） correct.
to be
（3）It has been proved again and again _____ what is said in the ads greatly
affects people's impression of the products.
that
（4）Can you prove your theory ___ us
to
知识点11 ambition n.抱负；雄心；追求；夙愿 ＊ambitious adj.野心勃勃的；有雄心的 ＊ambitiously adv.雄心勃勃地；劲头十足地
（P37） Well, we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushing—and goodbye to most of our dreams.
唉，现在我们已经失去了追求的目标，而且必须面对800英里的艰难行进——并向我们的梦想道别。
lifelong ambition毕生追求的目标
a lack of ambition缺乏志向
achieve one's ambition 实现抱负
have an ambition to do sth有抱负做……
be ambitious for... 对……抱有极大的期待
She was intelligent but suffered from a lack of ambition.
她很聪明，但却缺乏远大志向。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）Henry played the role of an __________ （ambition）lawyer in his latest movie.
ambitious
（2）Originally, I ___________（ambitious） thought I'd make it a site to collect all
of these tips together.
ambitiously
（3）Firstly, _________（ambitious） plays an essential role because it serves as a
driving force for people to achieve success.
ambition
短 语 句 式
知识点12 run out of 用完；耗尽
（P103）Well, I'd love to know more, but, unfortunately, we've run out of time.
好吧,我想知道更多,但是可惜的是,我们已经没时间了。
run across/into 偶然遇到
run after 追赶
run away （from）（从……）突然离开；逃离
run over 撞倒；撞翻
Conditions are getting worse and supplies are running out.
情况越来越糟糕,补给物资也快用完了。
run out of为及物动词短语,可接宾语,也可用于被动语态,其主语为人；run out为不及物动词短语,不能接宾语,也不能用于被动语态,其主语为物。
You'd better go home before your money runs out.
在钱花光之前,你最好回家。
We have run out of sugar. Go and buy some.
我们已把糖用完了,去买点回来。
融会应用
Ⅰ.用恰当的介词和副词填空
（1）I ran __________ him on the street the other day.
across/into
（2）The policemen were running _____ a prisoner who escaped last night.
after
（3）The horse became frightened and then ran ______.
away
（4）Petrol is running ____,so I have to stop at the next filling station.
out
（5）He was run _____ by a car and killed.
over
Ⅱ.同义句转换
（6）We must go home. Our money has been spent.
→We must go home. Our money ____________.
has run out
（7）He has used up all the hot water.
→He ______________ all the hot water.
has run out of
知识点13 break down停止运转；出故障；（身体等）垮掉；失败；使分解；（关系）破裂；感情失控（痛哭起来）
（P36）First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.
先是他的两辆雪橇坏了,后来马匹开始难以应付大雪和严寒的天气。
break out 突然爆发
break up 粉碎；结束；解散
break through 获得重大发现；取得重大突破；冲破
He broke down and wept when he heard the news.
听到这个消息，他不禁失声痛哭。
Talks with business leaders broke down last night.
昨晚与商界领导人的谈判破裂了。
融会应用
Ⅰ.写出下列句中break down的含义
（1）Her health broke down under the pressure of work.________________
（身体等）垮掉
（2）I left London when my marriage broke down.______________
（关系）破裂
（3）The car broke down just north of Paris.________
出故障
（4）Food is broken down in the stomach.________
使分解
Ⅱ.单句写作
（5）Angry people _____________（冲破） the barriers despite warnings from the
police.
broke through
（6）Two world wars ________________（爆发） in the world so far.
have broken out
知识点14 完全倒装
（P36）Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.
接着漆黑的极地冬夜来临了。
该句为完全倒装语序,主语为the total darkness of the polar winter, 谓语为came。
（1）表示地点的副词here、 there、 up、 down、 out、 in、 away,表示时间的副词now、 then,表语以及表示地点的介词短语位于句首时,句子要用完全倒装。
（2）完全倒装句中的谓语动词常是系动词be或come、 go、 lie、 stand等不及物动词,且主语是名词。
Here comes the bus.
公共汽车来了。
In came the headmaster.
校长进来了。
Gone are the days when we were looked down upon.
我们被瞧不起的日子一去不复返了。
In the yard stands a tall tree.
院子里有一棵大树。
这种完全倒装结构的时态常用一般现在时或一般过去时,谓语动词的单复数视后面主语的单复数而定。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）At the foot of the mountain ________________ （住着一位老人）.
lives an old man
（2）Out ________________ （一条大狗冲了出来）.
rushed a big dog
知识点15 have+宾语+宾语补足语
（P36）He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.
他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，他的队员们都在滑雪板上。
本句使用了“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，其中have是使役动词，意为“使；叫；让”。该结构用法有以下几种：
（1）have sb/sth doing 让某人做某事（动作具有持续、进行含义）
（2）have sb do 让某人做某事
（3）have sth done 让/请别人做某事；遭受到
They tried to have her talk, but it was no use.
他们想让她说话，但没用。
She had planned to have her daughter marry Laurie.
她本打算让女儿嫁给劳里。
As we left， we had a photograph taken together.
临走时，我们一起照相了。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）I must have this table ________ （repair）.
repaired
（2）She'll have you ______ （do） all the housework if you're not careful.
doing
（3）The rich lady had the singer ____ （eat） with her servants.
eat
后 缀
注意下列单词的后缀
1.reader 读者
2.inventor 发明家
3.Chinese 中国人
4.Indian 印度人
5.artist 艺术家
6.kindness 和蔼
7.operation 手术
这些单词是在各自的词根后加了不同的______,如-er、-or、-ese、-ian等。
后缀
后缀的基本用法
有些英语单词由三部分组成,即前缀、词根及后缀。单词中位于词根前面的部分就是前缀,位于词根后面的部分就是后缀。如:unacceptable中un-是前缀,accept是词根,-able是后缀。后缀是指词根后面附加的一个或几个字母,如snowy中-y就是后缀。通常,后缀改变单词的词性,不改变词根的含义。常见的后缀见下表：
分类 举例
名词后缀 -er/-or（从事……的人）,-ese（某地人）,-ess（雌性）,-ian（……的
人）,-ist（专业人员）,-ism（主义）,-ment（性质；状态）,-ness（性
质）,-tion/-ation（动作；过程）,-dom（状态；区域）
动词后缀 -en（多用于形容词之后）,-fy（使……化）,-ize（使……成为）
形容词后缀 -al,-able,-an,-ble,-ern,-ful,-ive,-less,-like,-ly,-y,-ous,-some
副词后缀 -ly（用于形容词后表示方式或程度）,-ward（s）（表示方向）
数词后缀 -teen,-th,-ty
通过前缀、后缀的对比可以帮助理解记忆单词,比如通过构词法产生的新单词可以帮助背诵基本的单词,从而避免一些记了新单词而忘记老单词的情况。
融会应用 用括号内的单词加上适当的前缀或后缀填空
（1）It's not so _______________（hope） as I imagined.
hopeless/hopeful
（2）The red car drove away from them and ___________（appear）.
disappeared
（3）Perhaps I _____________（understand）, but are you quite sure there is no
problem in the contract
misunderstood
（4）______________（employ） is so damaging to individuals to communities.
Unemployment
（5）Sally was taken to the hospital because of suffering from an _________
（regular） heartbeat.
irregular
（6）The young man has been charged with being a member of an _______（legal）
organisation.
illegal
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new
hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top _________ （attract）.
attraction
2.He is the only ________ （survive） of this earthquake.
survivor
3.It is _________ （certain） fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
certainly
4.As _______ （nature） architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick
the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
natural
5.She is determined to carry on with her _________ （educate）.
education
6.However, be _______ （care） not to go to extremes.
careful
Ⅱ.选词填空
on one's way to； breathe in； all the way； in preparation for； carry on； make
progress； at one time； get into
1.She went with me ___________ to the station.
all the way
2.I ________ the habit of calling in on Gloria on my way home.
got into
3._________________ the class, you will write a discussion question for each article.
In preparation for
4.____________ the schools were mainly attached to the church.
At one time
5.In large cities, people __________ dangerous gases from cars and chimneys.
breathe in
6.He was very pleased to see that the kids had ______________.
made progress
7.He has been allowed to leave the country and is ______________ Britain.
on his way to
8.If you _________ in that way,you will be more and more divorced from the masses.
carry on
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
On 1 June，1910，Captain Scott began his journey 1.___ Antarctica. At the
same time，the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen was also going south. During
the polar summer，both teams organised food bases in 2.___________ （prepare）
for their journeys the next year. Amundsen reached the Antarctica first. Then he
prepared for the return journey. Scott 3._______（final） arrived at the Pole. They
were 4.________ （shock） when they saw the Norwegian flag. Scott wrote sadly in
his diary：“Well，we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800
miles of hard pushing—and goodbye to most of our 5._______ （dream）.”
to
preparation
finally
shocked
dreams
The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration. The
weather conditions were terrible. Scott realised their 6._________ （hope） situation:
“We are very cheerful，7.____ what each man feels in his heart I can only
guess...”Then a terrible storm started. Scott spent some of his last hours 8._______
（write）.He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife. The news of Scott's death
shocked 9.____ world. He had failed to win the race to the Pole，but the
extraordinary courage 10._______ （show） by Captain Scott and his men made them
heroes.
hopeless
but
writing
the
shown
Ⅳ.读后续写微技能
1.阅读教材课文中含有描述个人心情的句子
（1）Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.
（2）They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian flag.
（3）We are very cheerful，but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess.
2.判断下列句子是否为描述个人心情的句子
（1）The news of Scott's death shocked the world.( )
不是
（2）The men were soon very tired and were running out of food.( )
不是Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
【学习目标】
1.了解两组人去南极的途中所发生的事情,以及他们在探险的过程中是如何面对困难的;了解人类与南极的关系,正确认识人类对大自然的探索,从而进一步意识到人与自然和谐相处的重要性。(语言能力,文化意识)
2.通过分析课文结构,了解文本大意,培养略读和查读等阅读能力,培养分析长难句的能力。(学习能力)
3.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要词汇的基本用法。(语言能力)
4.通过对教材的理解,学会运用后缀。(语言能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
Ⅰ.基础单词
1. n.& vt.营救;救援
2. n.交通工具;车辆
3. vt.困住; 使陷于危险中
4. n.& vt.努力;尝试;企图
5. n.丧失; 死亡
6. n.伤害;损伤;损害
7. vt.估量;衡量;测量
8. adv.在海外;在外国
9. n.场所;地点
10. n.过程;进程
11. n.职责;义务; 责任
12. n.(肉体或精神上的)痛苦;折磨
13. vt.实施;进行;执行vi.& vt.指挥
14. adv.附近
15. n.预备;准备
16. n.滑雪板vi.滑雪
17. adj.极地的;地极的
18. n.基地;大本营;基础vt.以……为基地
19. vt.证明;证实
答案 1.rescue 2.vehicle 3.trap 4.attempt
5.loss 6.damage 7.measure 8.overseas 9.site
10.process 11.duty 12.suffering 13.conduct
14.nearby 15.preparation 16.ski 17.polar
18.base 19.prove
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1. vt.打断讲话→ n.打扰;插嘴
2. n.死;死亡→ v.死;死亡→ adj.死亡的
3. n.行动;活动;手术;操作→ v.运转;工作;做手术
4. n.保护; 防护→ vt.保护
5. vi.& vt.呼吸→ n.呼吸
6. n.探险者;勘察者→ n.探险;探索→ v.探险;勘探;探索
7. adv.焦虑地; 不安地→ adj.焦虑的; 不安的
8. n.抱负;雄心;追求;夙愿→ adj.有抱负的;有雄心的
9. adj.高兴的;兴高采烈的→ n.欢呼声;喝彩声v.欢呼;喝彩
10. adj.久远的; 遥远的→ n.距离; 遥远
11. n.坦诚; 诚实;正直→ adj.坦诚的; 诚实的
12. n.真诚;真挚;诚实→ adj.真诚的→ adv.真诚地
13. n.勇气; 勇敢的行为→ adj.勇敢的
答案 1.interrupt;interruption 2.death;die;dead 3.operation;operate 4.protection;protect 5.breathe;breath 6.explorer;exploration;explore 7.anxiously;anxious 8.ambition;ambitious 9.cheerful;cheer 10.distant;distance 11.honesty;honest 12.sincerity;sincere;sincerely 13.bravery;brave
构词规律
adj.+-y→n.
honest adj.→honesty n.坦诚;诚实;正直 brave adj.→bravery n.勇气; 勇敢的行为
Ⅲ.一词多义
1.operation n.行动;活动;手术;操作
(1)Doctors performed an emergency operation for appendicitis(阑尾炎) last night.
(2)The police have launched a major operation against drug suppliers.
(3)Operation of the device is extremely simple.
2.conduct v.实施;进行;执行;举止;表现;指挥(歌唱或音乐演奏);带领;引导
(1)The negotiations have been conducted in a positive manner.
(2)The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city.
(3)He conducted himself far better than expected.
(4)Dennis had recently begun a successful career conducting opera in Europe.
答案
1.(1)n.手术 (2)n.行动 (3)n.操作
2.(1)v.进行 (2)v.引导 (3)v.表现 (4)v.指挥(歌唱或音乐演奏)
Step 2 短语记诵
( )1.on one's way to ( )2.make progress
( )3.carry on ( )4.all the way
( )5.get into ( )6.breathe in
( )7.in preparation for ( )8.at one time
( )9.run out ( )10.break down
A.吸气
B.用完;耗尽
C.为……做准备
D.取得进步
E.停止运转;出故障
F.在某人去某地的路上
G.一路上;一直
H.曾经;一度
I.继续
J.陷入;染上
答案 1~5 FDIGJ 6~10 ACHBE
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.(完全倒装)
翻译 接着漆黑的极地冬夜来临了。
仿写 Now .
现在轮到你了。
2.He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.(have sb/sth doing的用法)
翻译 他让成群的狗拉着雪橇,他的队员们都在滑雪板上。
仿写 He during the lunchtime.
他让我们在午饭期间一直笑个不停。
3.We are very cheerful, but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess.(what引导宾语从句)
翻译 我们几个兴高采烈,但是,我只能去猜测每个人的内心感受。
仿写 People were perhaps more diligent a long time ago, when life was very different from .
很久以前的生活与现在的生活截然不同,那时的人们或许更勤劳。
答案 1.comes your turn 2.had us laughing 3.what it is today
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1 文本整体理解,关注布局谋篇
Read the passage quickly and match each paragraph with its main idea according to the passage on Pages 36-37.
( )1.Para.1 ( )2.Paras.2-5
( )3.Paras.6-10 ( )4.Para.11
A.Scott and his men were made into heroes.
B.The return journey and the difficulties.
C.The race began.
D.The race between Scott and Amundsen.
答案 1~4 CDBA
Step 2 细读课文,明确教材细节
Ⅰ.Read the passage on Pages 36-37 carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Which of the following is a fact about the team of Captain Scott
A.Captain Scott set out earlier than Roald Amundsen.
B.Captain Scott started on 1 June, 1910 and marched non-stop till 17 January, 1912.
C.On their way back, they carried 20 kilos of rocks all the way with them.
D.The whole team died from hunger.
2.Which of the following CANNOT be the cause of the failure of the race for Captain Scott
A.They had to push the sledges themselves.
B.A storm broke out at the wrong time.
C.They spent time writing home instead of struggling.
D.The horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.
3.The story mainly tells us .
A.an experience of the race to the Pole
B.the lesson from Captain Scott
C.the way to the South Pole can be too hard
D.enough food will ensure that we can succeed
答案 1~3 CCA
Ⅱ.The following picture describes Antarctic. Have you ever dreamed of a journey there Why
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
参考范文
I've dreamed of going there for a visit.Antarctic continent is the world's latest discovery of the continent, alone at the southernmost tip of the Earth.Antarctic is known as the “white continent” with more than 95 percent of the area covered by thick ice and snow.Antarctic is surrounded by the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and because it is far from the other continents, completely cut off from the civilized world and the mainland, it has not yet had permanent resident; only a small number of scientists are living and working there temporarily.
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 rescue n.& vt.营救;救援 *rescuer n.救助者
(P34)Search and rescue vehicles are brought into destroyed areas.
搜救车进入被破坏的地区。
知识拓展
rescue sb/sth from... 从……中营救出某人/某物
come/go/run to one's rescue 来/去/跑去援救某人
rescue workers 救援人员
a rescue team 救援队
经典佳句
David rescued a fisherman from the storm at sea.
戴维从海上风暴中救起了一个渔民。
rescue和save的用法区别:
rescue多指营救某人脱离紧迫的危险;
save含义广泛,既可指营救某人脱离危险,也可指精神或道德上的拯救。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I didn't know anybody at the party, but the hostess came my rescue.
(2)The lifeboat rescued the sailors the sinking boat.
Ⅱ.翻译句子
(3)他被人从着火的大楼里救了出来。
_______________________________________________________________________________
(4)这个老人跑去援救她。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案 (1)to (2)from (3)He was rescued from the burning building. (4)The old man ran to her rescue/ran to rescue her.
知识点2 trap vt.困住;使陷于危险中 n.圈套;陷阱 *trapped adj.受困的
(P34)Rescue teams try to save people trapped under buildings.
救援队试图营救被困在建筑物下面的人。
知识拓展
be trapped in... 被困在……
trap sb into doing sth 诱骗某人做某事
set/lay a trap 设置陷阱;布下圈套
fall/walk into a trap 落入陷阱/圈套
图解释义
A trap was laid with fresh bait.
陷阱设置好了,还投放了新诱饵。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)They (trap) in the cave for 20 days before they were rescued yesterday.
(2)The thief fell the trap set by the police.
(3)They trapped her into (tell) where the gift was hidden.
(4)We succeed in our field of specialization and then become (trap) in it.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(5)(2023·合肥一中月考)When the people , rescue team from China came to rescue.
当人们被困在废墟中时,中国救援队前来援救。
答案 (1)had been trapped (2)into (3)telling (4)trapped
(5)were trapped in the ruins
知识点3 attempt n.& vt.努力;尝试;企图
(P34)What happens in rescue attempts
在救援行动中会发生什么
知识拓展
attempt to do sth=make an attempt to do/at doing sth 试图做某事
in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事
at/on the first attempt 第一次尝试
经典佳句
You should make an attempt to solve this problem, otherwise you would regret.
你应该试着解决一下这个问题, 否则你会留有遗憾的。
They are attempting to climb the steepest part of the mountain.
他们正尝试攀登那座山最陡峭的部分。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I passed my driving test the first attempt.
(2)The climbers will make an attempt (reach) the summit today.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)The students who are not successful may take the exam again.
第一次考试不及格的学生可参加补考。
(4)I to make friends with her.
我没有打算和她做朋友。
(5)Don't so much in such a short time.
时间这么短,别想干这么多的事。
(6)Personally speaking, parents by giving whatever they require.
在我看来,父母们正在通过给孩子需要的任何东西来保护他们的孩子。
答案 (1)at/on (2)to reach (3)at/on the first attempt (4)made no attempt (5)attempt to do/make an attempt at doing/make an attempt to do (6)are making an attempt/are attempting to protect their kids
知识点4 damage n.伤害;损伤;损害 vt.损害;损毁
(P102)As you know, natural disasters like earthquakes, floods and landslides can cause death and other loss and damage that is hard to measure.
如你所知,地震、洪水和山体滑坡等自然灾害会造成死亡和其他难以估量的损失和破坏。
知识拓展
cause/do damage to 给……带来/造成损害
be badly damaged 遭受严重损害
damage one's health 损害某人的健康
图解释义
Eating too much meat at a time will cause damage to your stomach.
一次吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The earthquake caused great damage the city.
(2)It will take several months to repair the ship (damage) in the storm.
Ⅱ.一句多译
(3)众所周知,抽烟会损害我们的健康。
→As we all know, smoking can .(damage n.)
→As we all know, smoking can .(damage vt.)
答案 (1)to (2)damaged (3)do/cause damage to our health; damage our health
知识点5 measure vt.估量;衡量;测量 n.措施;尺寸;程度 *measurement n. 测量;度量
(P102)As you know, natural disasters like earthquakes, floods and landslides can cause death and other loss and damage that is hard to measure.
如你所知,地震、洪水和山体滑坡等自然灾害会造成死亡和其他难以估量的损失和破坏。
知识拓展
take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事
make...to one's measure 根据某人的尺寸做(衣服)
take sb's measure 给某人量尺寸
in some measure 在某种程度上
图解释义
Think about measures for measuring the weight of the elephant.
思考测量大象重量的办法。
名师点拨
(1)measure表示“量度为”时是系动词,后跟测量结果,不用于被动语态及进行时。类似用法的单词还有weigh。
(2)measure表示“量起来有……长/宽/高”时是不及物动词,没有被动语态。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)We've taken (measure) to solve the housing problem.
(2)This bridge (measure) 5 kilometres long.
(3)This smart keyboard precisely (measure) the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4) , but they haven't worked up to now.
已经采取了一些措施,但它们到现在还未起作用。
(5)The tailor .
裁缝为我定做了一套西装。
答案 (1)measures (2)measures (3)measures (4)Some measures have been taken (5)made a suit to my measure
知识点6 conduct vt.实施;进行;执行 vi.& vt.指挥 n.行为;举止;实施(办法) *conductor n.(乐队等的)指挥;售票员;导体
(P103)You've told us a lot about how you conduct rescue attempts, but could you please tell us more about protection
你已经告诉我们很多关于你是如何进行营救的,但是你能告诉我们更多关于保护的措施吗
知识拓展
conduct a survey 进行调查
conduct oneself 举止得体
good conduct 好的行为
经典佳句
Why has his fellow students' conduct changed towards Marty
为什么马蒂的同学对他的行为改变了
To raise students' awareness of environmental protection and promote garbage sorting on campus,our school will conduct a series of activities next Saturday.
为了增强学生的环保意识, 促进校园垃圾分类, 我校将于下周六组织一系列活动。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)Moreover, on the potential buyers.
此外,我想对潜在买家进行调查。
(2) at these dinners
我在这类晚宴上该怎样做到举止得体呢
(3)The children and punished for .
孩子们因行为良好而受奖励,因行为不端而受惩罚。
答案 (1)I would like to conduct a survey (2)How should I conduct myself (3)were rewarded for good conduct;bad conduct
知识点7 preparation n.预备;准备 *prepare v.准备 *prepared adj.准备好的;有所准备的
(P36)What preparations do they need to make
他们需要做什么准备
知识拓展
in preparation for 准备……
make preparations for 为……做准备
prepare for... 为……做准备
get/be prepared for 为……做好准备
经典佳句
My parents wanted me to make good preparations for the interview.
我的父母希望我为面试做好准备。
When preparing for the English speech contest,I found it very challenging to collect information and use language correctly.
在准备英语演讲比赛的时候,我发现收集信息和正确使用语言是非常具有挑战性的。
名师点拨
preparation用作不可数名词时表示“准备;预备”,常用于in preparation (for sth)短语中;用作可数名词时表示具体的“准备工作”,常与动词make连用,组成make preparations for短语。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Tom is making (prepare) for the next examination.
(2)I'm not well prepared the exam.I'm afraid I won't pass.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3) the sports meeting, he trains hard every day.
为准备运动会,他每天都刻苦训练。
(4)He didn't this exam, so he failed.
他考试前没做任何准备,所以没及格。
答案 (1)preparations (2)for (3)In preparation for (4)make any preparation for
知识点8 base n.基地;大本营;基础 vt.以……为基地 *basic adj.基础的;基本的
(P36)During the polar summer of 1910-1911, both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.
在1910~1911年的极地夏季,两队人都为下一年的探险建立了食物基地。
知识拓展
base...on/upon 把……置于……基础之上
be based on/upon 以……为基础/根据
图解释义
The movie The Call of the Wild is based on/upon the popular novel of the same name.
电影《野性的呼唤》是根据同名人气小说翻拍的。
融会应用
Ⅰ.用base的适当形式填空
(1) research is of great importance in all scientific fields.
(2) on a true story, the novel will be popular soon.
Ⅱ.翻译句子
(3)医患关系是以信任为基础的。(be based on)
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案 (1)Basic (2)Based (3)The doctor-patient relationship is based on trust.
知识点9 anxiously adv.焦虑地;不安地 *anxious adj.焦虑的;不安的;渴望的 *anxiety n.忧虑;担忧
(P36) Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.
斯科特和阿蒙森都焦急地等待着春天的来临。
知识拓展
be anxious about 为……担心/忧虑
be anxious for sth 渴望某物
be anxious to do sth 渴望做某事
be anxious for sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事
be anxious that sb (should) do sth 渴望某人做某事
with anxiety 焦虑地
经典佳句
Parents are naturally anxious about their children.
父母自然为儿女们担心。
Tracy was anxiously waiting for her brother's phone call.
特蕾西焦急地等待着她哥哥的电话。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)Harry still can't help being anxious his job interview.
(2)Alice is anxious (show) that she can cope with extra responsibility.
(3)Henry was anxious that they (have) all they want.
答案 (1)about (2)to show (3)(should) have
知识点10 prove vt.证明;证实
(P37)Later, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.
后来,通过这些岩石可以证实,在遥远的过去,南极洲曾经被植物覆盖。
知识拓展
prove sth to sb 向某人证明某事
prove oneself (to be)... 证明自己是……
prove (to be)+n./adj. 原来是;证明是
It is proved that... 据证明……
经典佳句
The difficulty was how he could prove his ideas to other scientists.
困难在于他怎样向其他科学家证实他的想法。
It is proved that this method is effective.
据证明这种方法是行之有效的。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)She proved (her) to be an able secretary.
(2)The famous scientist's theory proved (be) correct.
(3)It has been proved again and again what is said in the ads greatly affects people's impression of the products.
(4)Can you prove your theory us
答案 (1)herself (2)to be (3)that (4)to
知识点11 ambition n.抱负;雄心;追求;夙愿 *ambitious adj.野心勃勃的;有雄心的 *ambitiously adv.雄心勃勃地;劲头十足地
(P37) Well, we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushing—and goodbye to most of our dreams.
唉,现在我们已经失去了追求的目标,而且必须面对800英里的艰难行进——并向我们的梦想道别。
知识拓展
lifelong ambition毕生追求的目标
a lack of ambition缺乏志向
achieve one's ambition 实现抱负
have an ambition to do sth有抱负做……
be ambitious for... 对……抱有极大的期待
经典佳句
She was intelligent but suffered from a lack of ambition.
她很聪明,但却缺乏远大志向。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)Henry played the role of an (ambition)lawyer in his latest movie.
(2)Originally, I (ambitious) thought I'd make it a site to collect all of these tips together.
(3)Firstly, (ambitious) plays an essential role because it serves as a driving force for people to achieve success.
答案 (1)ambitious (2)ambitiously (3)ambition
短 语 句 式
知识点12 run out of 用完;耗尽
(P103)Well, I'd love to know more, but, unfortunately, we've run out of time.
好吧,我想知道更多,但是可惜的是,我们已经没时间了。
知识拓展
run across/into 偶然遇到
run after 追赶
run away (from)(从……)突然离开;逃离
run over 撞倒;撞翻
图解释义
Conditions are getting worse and supplies are running out.
情况越来越糟糕,补给物资也快用完了。
名师点拨
run out of为及物动词短语,可接宾语,也可用于被动语态,其主语为人;run out为不及物动词短语,不能接宾语,也不能用于被动语态,其主语为物。
You'd better go home before your money runs out.
在钱花光之前,你最好回家。
We have run out of sugar.Go and buy some.
我们已把糖用完了,去买点回来。
融会应用
Ⅰ.用恰当的介词和副词填空
(1)I ran him on the street the other day.
(2)The policemen were running a prisoner who escaped last night.
(3)The horse became frightened and then ran .
(4)Petrol is running ,so I have to stop at the next filling station.
(5)He was run by a car and killed.
Ⅱ.同义句转换
(6)We must go home.Our money has been spent.
→We must go home.Our money .
(7)He has used up all the hot water.
→He all the hot water.
答案 (1)across/into (2)after (3)away
(4)out (5)over (6)has run out (7)has run out of
知识点13 break down停止运转;出故障;(身体等)垮掉;失败;使分解;(关系)破裂;感情失控(痛哭起来)
(P36)First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.
先是他的两辆雪橇坏了,后来马匹开始难以应付大雪和严寒的天气。
知识拓展
break out 突然爆发
break up 粉碎;结束;解散
break through 获得重大发现;取得重大突破;冲破
经典佳句
He broke down and wept when he heard the news.
听到这个消息,他不禁失声痛哭。
Talks with business leaders broke down last night.
昨晚与商界领导人的谈判破裂了。
融会应用
Ⅰ.写出下列句中break down的含义
(1)Her health broke down under the pressure of work.
(2)I left London when my marriage broke down.
(3)The car broke down just north of Paris.
(4)Food is broken down in the stomach.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(5)Angry people (冲破) the barriers despite warnings from the police.
(6)Two world wars (爆发) in the world so far.
答案 (1)(身体等)垮掉 (2)(关系)破裂 (3)出故障
(4)使分解 (5)broke through (6)have broken out
知识点14 完全倒装
(P36)Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.
接着漆黑的极地冬夜来临了。
知识拓展
该句为完全倒装语序,主语为the total darkness of the polar winter, 谓语为came。
(1)表示地点的副词here、 there、 up、 down、 out、 in、 away,表示时间的副词now、 then,表语以及表示地点的介词短语位于句首时,句子要用完全倒装。
(2)完全倒装句中的谓语动词常是系动词be或come、 go、 lie、 stand等不及物动词,且主语是名词。
Here comes the bus.
公共汽车来了。
In came the headmaster.
校长进来了。
Gone are the days when we were looked down upon.
我们被瞧不起的日子一去不复返了。
In the yard stands a tall tree.
院子里有一棵大树。
名师点拨
这种完全倒装结构的时态常用一般现在时或一般过去时,谓语动词的单复数视后面主语的单复数而定。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)At the foot of the mountain (住着一位老人).
(2)Out (一条大狗冲了出来).
答案 (1)lives an old man (2)rushed a big dog
知识点15 have+宾语+宾语补足语
(P36)He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.
他让成群的狗拉着雪橇,他的队员们都在滑雪板上。
知识拓展
本句使用了“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,其中have是使役动词,意为“使;叫;让”。该结构用法有以下几种:
(1)have sb/sth doing 让某人做某事(动作具有持续、进行含义)
(2)have sb do 让某人做某事
(3)have sth done 让/请别人做某事;遭受到
They tried to have her talk, but it was no use.
他们想让她说话,但没用。
She had planned to have her daughter marry Laurie.
她本打算让女儿嫁给劳里。
As we left, we had a photograph taken together.
临走时,我们一起照相了。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)I must have this table (repair).
(2)She'll have you (do) all the housework if you're not careful.
(3)The rich lady had the singer (eat) with her servants.
答案 (1)repaired (2)doing (3)eat
语法探究
后 缀
自主探究
注意下列单词的后缀
1.reader 读者
2.inventor 发明家
3.Chinese 中国人
4.Indian 印度人
5.artist 艺术家
6.kindness 和蔼
7.operation 手术
我的发现
这些单词是在各自的词根后加了不同的 ,如-er、-or、-ese、-ian等。
答案 后缀
后缀的基本用法
有些英语单词由三部分组成,即前缀、词根及后缀。单词中位于词根前面的部分就是前缀,位于词根后面的部分就是后缀。如:unacceptable中un-是前缀,accept是词根,-able是后缀。后缀是指词根后面附加的一个或几个字母,如snowy中-y就是后缀。通常,后缀改变单词的词性,不改变词根的含义。常见的后缀见下表:
分类 举例
名词后缀 -er/-or(从事……的人),-ese(某地人),-ess(雌性),-ian(……的人),-ist(专业人员),-ism(主义),-ment(性质;状态),-ness(性质),-tion/-ation(动作;过程),-dom(状态;区域)
分类 举例
动词后缀 -en(多用于形容词之后),-fy(使……化),-ize(使……成为)
形容词 后缀 -al,-able,-an,-ble,-ern,-ful,-ive,-less,-like,-ly,-y,-ous,-some
副词后缀 -ly(用于形容词后表示方式或程度),-ward(s)(表示方向)
数词后缀 -teen,-th,-ty
名师点拨
通过前缀、后缀的对比可以帮助理解记忆单词,比如通过构词法产生的新单词可以帮助背诵基本的单词,从而避免一些记了新单词而忘记老单词的情况。
融会应用
用括号内的单词加上适当的前缀或后缀填空
(1)It's not so (hope) as I imagined.
(2)The red car drove away from them and (appear).
(3)Perhaps I (understand), but are you quite sure there is no problem in the contract
(4) (employ) is so damaging to individuals to communities.
(5)Sally was taken to the hospital because of suffering from an (regular) heartbeat.
(6)The young man has been charged with being a member of an (legal) organisation.
答案 (1)hopeless/hopeful (2)disappeared (3)misunderstood (4)Unemployment (5)irregular (6)illegal
【随堂检测】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me, pandas are its top (attract).
2.He is the only (survive) of this earthquake.
3.It is (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
4.As (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
5.She is determined to carry on with her (educate).
6.However, be (care) not to go to extremes.
答案 1.attraction 2.survivor 3.certainly 4.natural 5.education 6.careful
Ⅱ.选词填空
on one's way to; breathe in; all the way; in preparation for; carry on; make progress; at one time; get into
1.She went with me to the station.
2.I the habit of calling in on Gloria on my way home.
3. the class, you will write a discussion question for each article.
4. the schools were mainly attached to the church.
5.In large cities, people dangerous gases from cars and chimneys.
6.He was very pleased to see that the kids had .
7.He has been allowed to leave the country and is Britain.
8.If you in that way,you will be more and more divorced from the masses.
答案 1.all the way 2.got into 3.In preparation for 4.At one time 5.breathe in 6.made progress 7.on his way to 8.carry on
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
On 1 June,1910,Captain Scott began his journey 1. Antarctica.At the same time,the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen was also going south.During the polar summer,both teams organised food bases in 2. (prepare) for their journeys the next year. Amundsen reached the Antarctica first.Then he prepared for the return journey.Scott 3. (final) arrived at the Pole.They were 4. (shock) when they saw the Norwegian flag.Scott wrote sadly in his diary:“Well,we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushing—and goodbye to most of our 5. (dream).”
The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration.The weather conditions were terrible.Scott realised their 6. (hope) situation: “We are very cheerful,7. what each man feels in his heart I can only guess...”Then a terrible storm started.Scott spent some of his last hours 8. (write).He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife.The news of Scott's death shocked 9. world.He had failed to win the race to the Pole,but the extraordinary courage 10. (show) by Captain Scott and his men made them heroes.
答案 1.to 2.preparation 3.finally 4.shocked 5.dreams 6.hopeless 7.but 8.writing 9.the 10.shown
Ⅳ.读后续写微技能
1.阅读教材课文中含有描述个人心情的句子
(1)Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.
(2)They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian flag.
(3)We are very cheerful,but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess.
2.判断下列句子是否为描述个人心情的句子
(1)The news of Scott's death shocked the world. ( )
(2)The men were soon very tired and were running out of food. ( )
答案 (1)不是 (2)不是
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