Unit 6 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要词汇的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化重点单词、短语和句式的用法,并学以致用。(学习能力)
3.通过对教材的理解,学会运用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。(语言能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
1. adj.令人钦佩的;极其出色的→ vt.钦佩; 欣赏
2. adj.聪敏的;有智慧的→ n.聪敏;智慧
3. adv.创造性地;有创造力地→ adj.创造性的
4. adj.有效的;产生预期效果的→ n.效果
5. adj.女(性)的→(反义词) adj.男(性)的
6. adv.最终;终于→ adj.最终的
7. adj.大有希望的→ n.希望;承诺 v.承诺;许诺
答案 1.admirable; admire 2.intelligent; intelligence
3.creatively; creative 4.effective; effect 5.female; male 6.eventually; eventual 7.promising; promise
Step 2 短语记诵
1.fight ...努力争取;为……斗争
2.have... mind心里已有……
3.apart ...除……之外
4.come across
5.put out fires
答案 1.for 2.in 3.from 4.偶遇 5.灭火
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.The woman was Tu Youyou,the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.(“序数词+名词+动词不定式”结构)
翻译 这位女士就是屠呦呦,中国第一位因为工作成果而获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。
仿写 He was
.
他是第一个想到这个主意的人。
2.Later, she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices.(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句)
翻译 后来,她在这一领域的专家那里学习了两年半的中医,从他们那里她获得了对传统医学的深层理解。
仿写 I made many new friends on my trip,
.
我在旅途中结交了许多新朋友,从他们那里我听到了许多有趣的故事。
答案 1.the first person to think of the idea
2.from whom I learned many interesting stories
【合作探究】
新知探究
核心素养 (仅供教师参考)
阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔(Alfred Nobel,1833年10月21日~1896年12月10日),瑞典化学家、工程师、发明家、军工装备制造商和炸药的发明者,出生于斯德哥尔摩。
诺贝尔一生拥有355项专利发明,并在20个国家开设了约100家公司和工厂,积累了巨额财富。
1895年,诺贝尔立下遗嘱将其遗产的大部分(约920万美元)作为基金,将每年所得利息分为5份,设立诺贝尔奖,分为物理学奖、化学奖、生理学或医学奖、文学奖及和平奖5个奖项(1968年起瑞典银行增设经济学奖),授予世界各国在这些领域对人类做出重大贡献的人。 为了纪念诺贝尔做出的贡献,人造元素锘(Nobelium)以诺贝尔命名。
(仅供教师参考)
A MEDICAL PIONEER
At the Nobel Prize Lecture on 7 December, 2015, an 84-year-old Chinese woman walked slowly on to the stage. She began to talk about the life-saving drug, artemisinin, which she had discovered with the help of her team in the 1970s(1).The woman was Tu Youyou,the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work. A scientist who was on the Nobel Prize Committee called Hans Forssberg explained that “the discovery of artemisinin has led to the development of new drugs which have saved the lives of millions”. When thanking the Committee for the honour(2),Tu Youyou said, “This is not only an honour for myself, but also recognition and encouragement for all scientists in China.”
医 学 先 锋
在2015年12月7日的诺贝尔奖演讲上,一位84岁的中国女士缓缓走上舞台。她开始谈论挽救生命的药物——青蒿素,这是她在团队的帮助下于20世纪70年代发现的一种药。这位女士就是屠呦呦,中国第一位因为工作成果而获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。诺贝尔奖委员会的一位名叫汉斯·福斯伯格的科学家解释说:“青蒿素的发现使得新药物得以开发,这些新药物拯救了数百万人的生命。”屠呦呦在感谢委员会授予的荣誉时说:“这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉,也是对全体中国科学家的认可和鼓励。”
【助读点拨】
(1)which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词artemisinin。
(2)When thanking...为when引导的时间状语从句的省略,省略了she was。
Tu Youyou was born in Zhejiang Province, China, on 30 December, 1930. She studied medicine at Peking University Health Science Centre. After graduation, she became a member of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.Later, she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices.
1930年12月30日,屠呦呦出生于中国浙江省。她在北京大学健康科学中心学习医学。毕业后,她成为中国中医科学院的一员。后来,她在这一领域的专家那里学习了两年半的中医,从他们那里她获得了对传统医学的深层理解。
In 1969, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria—a disease that killed millions of people every year. Across the world, scientists had been trying to find a cure. They tested more than 240,000 chemicals with no success. However, Tu Youyou had an idea that Chinese herbs might hold the secret. She studied ancient Chinese medical literature and visited experts in traditional Chinese medicine. She researched hundreds of traditional recipes connected to anti-malarial cures. Then Tu Youyou and her team began using modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one.
This was not an easy task. The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources.(3)They did not have enough staff, and the laboratory in which they worked had poor air quality. However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they eventually came across a promising chemical. It worked well in experiments on animals, but they had to know if it was safe for humans. Tu Youyou bravely volunteered to be the first human subject when they were ready to start testing and the rest of her team followed her. The test was a success. The medicine they discovered, artemisinin, has now become the world's most effective drug for fighting malaria.
1969年,屠呦呦被选中组建一个团队,以找到治愈疟疾的方法,这种疾病每年夺去数百万人的生命。在世界各地,科学家们一直在试图找到一种治疗方法。他们测试了24万多种化学物质,但没有成功。然而,屠呦呦却有一个想法,那就是中草药可能会起作用。她研究了古代中医的医学文献,拜访了传统中医界的专家。她研究了数百种与抗疟疾疗法相关的传统处方。随后,屠呦呦和她的团队开始运用现代研究方法对这些中草药逐一进行研究。
这不是一项容易的工作。这项任务之所以困难,是因为团队资源有限。他们没有足够的人手,而且工作的实验室空气质量很差。然而,经过数百次失败的实验,他们终于发现了一种很有前景的化学物质。它在动物实验中效果很好,但他们必须知道它对人类是否安全。屠呦呦自告奋勇成为第一个试验者,当他们准备开始试验时,她的团队中的其他人也紧随其后。这次试验很成功。他们发现的青蒿素现在已经成为世界上抗击疟疾最有效的药物。
【助读点拨】
(3)The reason why...is/was that...表示“……的原因是……”。
Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame, she has become a scientist whose work is internationally renowned. In 2019, she was selected by the BBC as one of the most influential figures of science in the 20th century along with Albert Einstein and Alan Mathison Turing. Tu Youyou was noted for her bravery in being a scientist during a difficult time for science in China, her ability to use old wisdom and new methods to achieve her goals and the fact that her work bridged the Eastern and Western worlds(4), saving millions of lives. Today Tu Youyou continues to conduct research despite her age. According to Tu Youyou, “From our research experience in discovering artemisinin, we learnt the wisdom behind both Chinese and Western medicine. There is great potential for future advances if these two kinds of wisdom can be fully integrated”.
尽管屠呦呦对名气不感兴趣,但她已成为一位工作享誉国际的科学家。在2019年,她被英国广播公司选为20世纪科学界最有影响力的人物之一,与阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和艾伦·麦席森·图灵齐名。屠呦呦在中国科学研究的困难时期勇于做一名科学家,运用古老的智慧和新的方法实现目标,她的事业贯通东西方世界,拯救了数百万人的生命,因此屠呦呦闻名于世。尽管年事已高,屠呦呦现在仍然继续做研究。屠呦呦说:“从我们发现青蒿素的研究经验中,我们学到了中西医背后的智慧。如果这两种智慧能够完全融合,未来将有巨大的发展潜力。”
【助读点拨】
(4)that 引导的句子是the fact的同位语。
核 心 单 词
知识点1 admire vt.钦佩;欣赏 *admiration n.钦佩;赞赏 *admirable adj.令人钦佩的
(P103)Do you have someone in mind that you admire
你心目中有钦佩的人吗
知识拓展
admire sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事而钦佩某人
admire oneself 自我欣赏
with admiration 钦佩地
经典佳句
He is a brave man. We all admire his courage.
他是一个勇敢的人。我们都很佩服他的勇气。
The works of Dickens are admired in China as well as in the rest of the world.
狄更斯的作品在中国还有世界其他地方都受到赞赏。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The moment I saw the scientist by everyone,words failed to express my .(admire)
(2)We admire the old scientist his great contribution to the country.
(3)But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an (admire) commitment.
(4)My deskmate (admire) my fluent English very much and I usually feel encouraged by his compliments.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(5)(2023·安徽亳州月考)Li Hua is good at learning new things, very much.
李华擅长学习新事物,这令我很钦佩他。
答案 (1)admired; admiration (2)for (3)admirable
(4)admires (5) which makes me admire him
知识点2 reform n.改革;改进 v.改革;改进
(柯林斯词典)The party embarked on a programme of economic reform.
这个政党开始了一项经济改革计划。
知识拓展
make reforms in 在……方面进行改革
a reform of the legal system 法律体制的改革
political/educational reform 政治/教育改革
reform and opening up 改革开放
reform the tax system 改革税收制度
经典佳句
China has been pushing for the reform of public hospitals for the benefit of all its citizens.
为了全体公民的利益,中国一直在推进公立医院的改革。
We must reform the outdated rules and regulations.
我们必须改进那些过时的规章制度。
融会应用
单句写作
(1) has brought us Chinese people a rich and colourful life.
改革开放政策给我们中国人民带来了富裕和多彩的生活。
(2) is warmly welcomed by students.
教学方法的改革受到了学生们的热烈欢迎。
答案 (1)The reform and opening up policy
(2)The reform in teaching methods
知识点3 effective adj.有效的;产生预期效果的 *effect n.效果;影响
(P52)The drug with artemisinin has proved to be the most effective cure.
含青蒿素的药物已证明是最有效的治疗方法。
知识拓展
have an effect on 对……产生影响
bring/put...into effect 使……生效
come into effect 开始实施
in effect 实际上;事实上
take effect 生效;奏效
to no effect 无效的;无用的
图解释义
The medicine she took was effective for treating colds.
她吃的药对治疗感冒很有效。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Television is an (effect) means of communication.
(2)The new law will come effect next month.
(3) effect,the state decides how many students will go to university.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)Great scientific achievements will as well as society.
重大的科技成果将对我们的生活和社会产生很大的影响。
答案 (1)effective (2)into (3)In (4)have a great effect on our life
知识点4 award vt.授予;判给;奖励 n.奖品;奖
(P52)The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.
这位女士就是屠呦呦,中国第一位因为工作成果而获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。
知识拓展
win/receive/get an award for sth 因某事而获奖
award sb sth 授予某人某物
award sth to sb 授予某人某物
图解释义
Harry won an award for his wonderful performance in the show.
哈利因这次演出中的出色表演而获奖。
reward、award和prize的用法辨析:
reward 强调应得的回报、报酬
award 指因某方面杰出而获得的奖品、奖(项)
prize 指比赛、竞赛中获得的奖品、奖金
融会应用
Ⅰ.选词填空(award/prize/reward)
(1)First in the competition will be a meal at the restaurant of your choice.
(2)The king said that such a brave soldier was worthy of .
(3)The actor won an Academy for his role in the film.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)The judge as damages.
法官判给他一大笔赔偿金。
(5)Medals the best speakers on the debating team.
奖章被授予辩论队中的最佳辩手。
(6)Our government will whoever bravely exposes the terrorists.
我们的政府将给任何勇于揭发恐怖分子的人奖励一大笔钱。
答案 (1)prize (2)reward (3)Award (4)awarded him a large sum of money (5)were awarded to (6)award a large sum of money to
知识点5 honour n.荣誉 vt.感到荣幸 *honoured adj.深感荣幸的;受尊敬的
(P53)This is not only an honour for myself, but also recognition and encouragement for all scientists in China.
这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉,也是对全体中国科学家的认可和鼓励。
知识拓展
have the honour of doing sth 有幸做某事
in honour of 为了纪念;为了向……表示敬意
It's an honour (for sb) to do sth. (某人)很荣幸做某事。
honour sb with sth 以……向……表示敬意;以……表扬/奖励……
be/feel honoured to do sth 为做某事而感到荣幸
经典佳句
It's not only a great responsibility but also a great honour to hold the Olympic Games.
举办奥运会不仅承担巨大的责任,还享有极大的荣誉。
We celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in honour of Qu Yuan.
我们庆祝端午节是为了纪念屈原。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)A temple was built in honour the brave dragon.
(2)I was (honour) to have a front-row seat, which was really a surprise to me.
(3)It is my honour (be) here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.
Ⅱ.同义句转换
(4)I have the honour of performing before you all.
→ before you all.(honour n.)
→ before you all.(honoured adj.)
答案 (1)of (2)honoured (3)to be (4)It's an honour for me to perform; I'm/feel honoured to perform
知识点6 recognition n.表彰;赞扬;认出;认可 *recognize vt.认出;承认
(P53)This is not only an honour for myself,but also recognition and encouragement for all scientists in China.
这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉,也是对全体中国科学家的认可和鼓励。
知识拓展
out of/beyond recognition 认不出来
recognize sb/sth by/from... 通过……认出某人/某物
recognize...as/to be... 认为……是……
It is recognized that... 人们公认……
经典佳句
Face recognition is a new kind of technology.
人脸识别是一种新的技术。
The machine can recognize different kinds of faces.
这台机器能识别不同类型的人脸。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)He's universally recognized an authority on Russian affairs.
(2)The school has been expanded recognition.
(3)There's a growing (recognize) that education doesn't end with graduation.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)(2023·广东东莞月考) environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.
人们一致认为环境污染现在已变成了人们所面临的最严重的问题之一。
答案 (1)as (2)beyond (3)recognition (4)It is recognized that
知识点7 gain v.获得;赢得;取得;受益;增加 n.好处;利益
(P53)Later, she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices.
后来,她在这一领域的专家那里学习了两年半的中医,从他们那里她获得了对传统医学的深层理解。
知识拓展
gain...by/from... 从……获得……
gain a reputation 获得声望
gain a prize 获奖
gain permission/experience 获得许可/经验
gain confidence/strength 增加信心/力量
gain weight 增加体重
gain success 获得成功
经典佳句
Her honesty gained her the trust of her teacher.
她的诚实使她赢得了她老师的信任。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)I gained a lot my former experience.
(2)No pains, no (gain).
(3)During the last Spring Festival, she (gain) much weight.
答案 (1)by/from (2)gains (3)gained
知识点8 establish vt.建立;设立 *established adj.已获确认的;著名的 *establishment n.确立;建立
(P53)In 1969,Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria—a disease that killed millions of people every year.
1969年,屠呦呦被选中组建一个团队,以找到治愈疟疾的方法,这种疾病每年夺去数百万人的生命。
知识拓展
establish sb/sth/oneself (in sth) (as sth) (在某方面)(以某身份)立足
get established 安定下来;站稳脚跟
an established company 一家知名公司
an established actor 著名的演员
an established fact 既定的事实
经典佳句
The school has established a good relationship with the local community.
这所学校和当地社区建立了良好的关系。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)This is an (establish) company with a good reputation.
(2)Westlake University (establish) in 2018.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)He has just set up his own business but it will take him a while to .
他刚建立起自己的公司,但要站稳脚跟还得花上一段时间。
答案 (1)established (2)was established (3)get established
知识点9 cure vt.治好(疾病);治愈 n.疗法
(P53)In 1969,Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria—a disease that killed millions of people every year.
1969年,屠呦呦被选中组建一个团队,以找到治愈疟疾的方法,这种疾病每年夺去数百万人的生命。
知识拓展
cure sb of sth 治愈某人的……病
a cure for... ……的治疗方法
图解释义
The fresh air and exercise cured him of his headache.
呼吸新鲜空气和锻炼治好了他的头痛。
cure、treat和heal的用法区别:
cure “治愈;治疗”,主要指治愈内部疾病。搭配:cure sb of...
treat “治疗”,但不一定能治愈。搭配:treat sb for...
heal “治愈”,但多指治愈外伤(wound、injury、cut、burn等)
融会应用
Ⅰ.用cure、treat、heal的适当形式填空
(1)The medicine and rest will soon your wound.
(2)—Has the doctor the old woman of her illness
—No,he her but didn't her.
(3)He is being for a rare skin disease.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)(2023·安徽师大附中月考) Doctors are now able to which in former times would have killed them.
现在,医生能够治愈过去的许多不治之症。
答案 (1)heal (2)cured; treated; cure (3)treated (4) cure people of many diseases
知识点10 limited adj.有限的 *limit v.限制n.界限 *limitless adj.无限的
(P53)The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources.
这项任务之所以困难,是因为团队资源有限。
知识拓展
limited resources 有限的资源
be limited to 受限制于
limit...to... 把……限制在……
without limit 无限(制)地
a limit to... ……的限制
图解释义
Speeches were limited to ten minutes each.
发言限制在十分钟以内。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)He was born into a poor family and only received a (limit) education in his childhood.
(2)By reading children's literature, our imagination can expand limit.
(3)The speed of the cars is limited no more than ten miles per hour on campus.
(4)Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning.And I've found that the possibilities that lie within books are (limit).
答案 (1)limited (2)without (3)to (4)limitless
知识点11 resource n.物力;资源;才智;谋略
(P53)The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources.
这项任务之所以困难,是因为团队资源有限。
知识拓展
natural resources 自然资源
financial resources 财力
resources for learning 学习资料
human resources 人力资源
develop/waste resources 开发/浪费资源
经典佳句
He is full of resources and is fit to act as our leader.
他足智多谋,适合当我们的领导者。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)To fully realize your potential,it is important for you to make the most of your (resource).
(2)Our teacher provides a lot of resources learning.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)(2023·郑州外国语学校月考) It is true that at an alarming rate,so we should make good use of them.
的确,地球的资源正以惊人的速度耗尽,所以我们应该好好利用它们。
答案 (1)resources (2)for (3)the earth's resources are running out
知识点12 eventually adv.最终;终于 *eventual adj.最终的;最后的
(P53)However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they eventually came across a promising chemical.
然而,经过数百次失败的实验,他们终于发现了一种很有前景的化学物质。
知识拓展
succeed eventually 最终成功
die eventually 最终死去
经典佳句
He fell ill and eventually died.
他病倒了,最终去世了。
名师点拨
表示“最终;终于”的词汇还有finally、at last、in the end等。
单句填空
(1)I (eventual) realised I had to change my attitude towards medical work.
(2)The police (eventual) recovered the stolen paintings.
答案 (1)eventually (2)eventually
知识点13 despite prep.尽管;虽然
(P53)Today Tu Youyou continues to conduct research despite her age.
尽管年事已高,屠呦呦现在仍然继续做研究。
知识拓展
despite=in spite of 尽管
despite/in spite of the fact that... 尽管……
regardless of 不管;不顾
经典佳句
Despite the traffic jam, he arrived here on time.
尽管交通阻塞,他仍然准时到达这里。
名师点拨
despite与in spite of分别为介词和介词短语,其后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作让步状语,也可接what引导的宾语从句;though、although和as是从属连词,常用于引导陈述语气的让步状语从句。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)We arrived at the station on time .
尽管有暴风雨,我们依旧准时到达了车站。
(2)They continued to work it was raining.
尽管在下雨,他们还是继续工作。
答案 (1)despite/in spite of the storm (2)despite/ in spite of the fact that
知识点14 advance n.发展;进步 v.促进;前进;提前 *advanced adj.高级的;先进的
(P53)According to Tu Youyou, “...There is great potential for future advances if these two kinds of wisdom can be fully integrated”.
屠呦呦说:“……如果这两种智慧能够完全融合,未来将有巨大的发展潜力。”
知识拓展
make great advances in... 在……方面取得很大进步
in advance 预先;提前
in advance of 在……之前
on the advance 在上涨
be advanced to 被提拔为……
advance on/towards 向前移动
advanced technology 先进的技术
advanced country 发达国家
经典佳句
We live in an age of rapid technological advance.
我们生活在技术迅猛发展的时代。
The troops were finally given the order to advance.
部队终于得到前进的命令。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)With the help of the technology, we can complete the task in .(advance)
(2)He was advanced sales manager two years ago.
(3)The cooks arrived advance of the main party.
(4) (advance) technology was brought into the local factory last year.
(5)Share prices are the advance steadily these days.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(6)Thanks to the help of Mr Brown,Mary .
多亏了布朗先生的帮助,玛丽在学业上取得了很大进步。
答案 (1)advanced; advance (2)to (3)in (4)Advanced
(5)on (6)has made great advances in her studies
短 语 句 式
知识点15 apart from 除……之外
(P52)Malaria kills over 1,000,000 people a year—more people than any disease apart from AIDS.
疟疾每年导致一百多万人死亡,比除艾滋病以外的任何疾病导致的死亡人数都多。
经典佳句
Apart from being a successful statesman, he was also well known as a creative scientist.
他不仅是一位成功的政治家,还是一位富有创造力的科学家。
Apart from their house in London, they also have a villa in Spain.
除了在伦敦的房子,他们在西班牙还有一座别墅。
apart from、 in addition to/besides、 except和except for的用法辨析:
(1)apart from“除……之外”,指“包括在内”时相当于besides;指“不包括在内”时相当于except (for)。
(2)in addition to/besides “除……之外”,强调除此之外还包括其他人或物。
She understands French besides/in addition to English.
除了英语之外,她还懂法语。
(3)except“除……之外”,指从整体中除去一部分。其后可接that/when引导的从句。
I didn't tell him anything expect that I needed the money.
我什么都没告诉他,只是说我需要钱。
(4)except for“除……之外”,指说明整个基本情况后,对细节加以纠正,一般表示美中不足,其后一般接名词。
It's really a good film except for the ending.
除去结尾部分,这的确是一部好电影。
融会应用
用apart from、except for、besides、except填空
(1) school work, the children also have to take arts, music and sports classes in their free time.
(2)Everything was perfect the weather.
(3)Some people choose jobs for other reasons money these days.
(4)He knew nothing about her journey that she was going to be away for months.
答案 (1)Apart from/Besides (2)except for
(3)besides/apart from (4)except
知识点16 come across偶遇;碰见
(P53)However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they eventually came across a promising chemical.
然而,经过数百次失败的实验,他们终于发现了一种很有前景的化学物质。
知识拓展
come about 发生(无被动形式)
come on 快点;加油;上场
come out 出现;结果是;出版
come up (问题、计划等)被提出;上升;走近
come up with 提出
come to 到达;共计;达到
经典佳句
He's the best opponent I've come across this season.
他是我本赛季遇到的最出色的对手。
The editor compiles this book with the intent of helping students overcome many difficulties which they may come across in reading.
编者编纂这本书的目的在于帮助学生解决阅读时可能遇到的许多困难。
名师点拨
表示“偶然遇到”的常见短语还有meet with、run into、run across、meet...by chance/accident等。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)When walking down the street, I came David, whom I hadn't seen for years.
(2)Tom came up a good idea at the meeting.
(3)Since the author won the Nobel Prize in 2016, his fans have been eagerly waiting for his new novels to come .
(4)—They used to be good friends, but now they are like strangers.
—How did this come
(5)To his amazement, the travel costs come 3,000 dollars.
答案 (1)across (2)with (3)out (4)about (5)to
知识点17 序数词+名词+动词不定式
(P52)The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.
这位女士就是屠呦呦,中国第一位因为工作成果而获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。
知识拓展
句中the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded为“序数词+名词+动词不定式”结构,其中动词不定式短语to be awarded作后置定语。
Tom was the first person to enter the classroom.
汤姆是第一个进教室的人。
名师点拨
动词不定式作后置定语的其他情况:
●当名词被the last、the only等修饰时;
●被修饰词为表示抽象意义的名词,如time、 way、 plan、 chance、 ability、 promise、 wish等时;
●当定语表示未来的还没发生的动作时;
●当被修饰的词为something、 nothing、 anything等不定代词时。
She was the only student to be absent from school today.
今天她是唯一没来上学的学生。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)Chinese was the first people (drink) green tea more than 4,000 years ago and tea still enjoys popularity today.
(2)She was the first woman (appoint) to the board.
(3)Mike will become the first person in his family (finish) a college education.
(4)The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
(5)Volunteering gives you a chance (change) lives, including your own.
(6)She gave up the chance (go) abroad.
答案 (1)to drink (2)to be appointed (3)to finish
(4)to be completed (5)to change (6)to go
知识点18 The reason why...is/was that...
(P53) The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources.
这项任务之所以困难,是因为团队资源有限。
知识拓展
本句中的The reason why...was that...意为“……的原因是……”,其中why引导定语从句,修饰先行词the reason;that引导表语从句。
The reason why we didn't go was that we were notified too late.
我们之所以没有去,是因为我们得到通知太晚了。
名师点拨
That's why...这是……的原因
It's/That's because...这是/那是因为……
融会应用
句型转换
The reason why he was late for school was that he got up late.
→He got up late.That's he was late for school.
→He was late for school.It was he got up late.
答案 why; because
语法探究
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
自主探究
阅读下列句子,注意黑体部分的用法。
1.The ladder on which I was standing began to slip.
2.They tried to think of a plan by which they could complete their task ahead of time.
3.I met a man with whom I used to work.
4.We'll go to see the famous singer about whom we have talked.
我的发现
关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,从句常由 “介词+ ” 引导。
介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指 时只能用which;关系代词指 时一般用whom。
答案 which/whom;物;人
探究点1 “介词+关系代词”中介词的确定
1.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯来确定。
2.根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定介词。该动词或形容词常与某些介词构成固定搭配。
3.根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子中,定语从句中谓语动词没有固定的动词短语。这时,需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用正确的介词。
I still remember the day on which I joined the army.(表示具体在哪一天用介词on)
我仍然记得我参军的那一天。
He is the man for whom I've been waiting for a long time.(wait for “等待”,为固定搭配)
他是我等了很久的那个人。
He is a famous singer of whom we are proud.(be proud of “以……而自豪”,为固定搭配)
他是一位我们引以为豪的著名歌唱家。
This is the book without which I can't pass the exam.(根据句意判定)
这就是那本没有它我就不能通过考试的书。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)In the dark street,there wasn't a single person .
在漆黑的大街上,没有一个爱丽丝可以寻求帮助的人。
(2)The young man brought the result
_______________________________________________________________________________
这个年轻人带来了让老板满意的结果。
(3)Do you still remember the day
_______________________________________________________________________________
你还记得我们第一次见面的日子吗
(4)This is the pilot for ten years.
这就是和我哥哥一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。
答案 (1)to whom Alice could turn for help (2)with which the boss was satisfied (3)on which we met for the first time (4)with whom my brother has worked
探究点2 “介词十关系代词”的特殊用法
有时“介词+关系代词” 前会出现不定代词 (all、both、none、neither、many、few等)、数词(分数、百分数等)及“the+形容词的比较级/最高级”等,用来表示部分、数目等意义。
Last week, only two people came to look at the house, neither of whom wanted to buy it.
上周,只有两个人来看了房子,但是没有一个想要买的。
The football team has 15 members, the oldest of whom is 25 years old.
这支足球队有15名队员,其中年龄最大的队员是25岁。
名师点拨
1.引导定语从句的关系副词when、where、why在定语从句中分别作时间、地点、原因状语,且可根据其在句中的搭配关系,转换成相应的“介词+which”结构。
2.在 “the+名词+of+关系代词” 或 “of+关系代词+the+名词”结构中不能漏掉定冠词the; 在“whose+名词”结构中不能加上定冠词 the。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)The building, we can see from here, is a hotel.
= The building, we can see from here, is a hotel.
那幢大楼是一家旅馆,我们可以从这儿看见它的屋顶。
(2)There are forty students in our class in all, are from big cities.
我们班共有四十名学生,其中大多数来自大城市。
答案 (1)the roof of which/of which the roof;whose roof (2)most of whom
【随堂检测】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.That's I didn't mention it earlier. I knew you'd take it the wrong way.
2.Not only he give me some advice,but also he lent me some money.
3.First,he showed (admire) control of his emotions.
4.Now doctors believe they have cured him the disease.
5.The soldiers and villagers fought the flood shoulder to shoulder.
6.Punishment can never be an (effect) cure for acute social problems.
7.She was awarded being the best student.
8.The city has been built up really fast;it's changed beyond (recognize).
9.It's (encourage) to see such a bright and vigorous sight.
10.We'll do our best to catch up with the (advance) world levels.
答案 1.why 2.did 3.admirable 4.of
5.against 6.effective 7.for 8.recognition
9.encouraging 10.advanced
Ⅱ.选词填空
apart from;come across;fight for;have...in mind;one by one;with the help of
1.We must look into these matters .
2.Collins Harvill it to publish a short volume about Pasternak.
3. my classmates and teachers,I have caught up with the others.
4. my host,I didn't know a single person there.
5.I've never such an experience in my life.
6.A hero is brave enough to his country.
答案 1.one by one 2.had;in mind 3.With the help of 4.Apart from 5.come across 6.fight for
Ⅲ.用“介词+关系代词”填空
1.In our class all the fifty students had taken part in the final exam, only one didn't pass the exam.
2.The way one student studies might be quite different from that of another student.
3.Can you see the desk there is a book and two pens
4.The man I share the room is a young teacher from college.
5.He works in a factory, at the back there is a river.
6.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many left their village homes for a better life in the city.
7.Do you like the book she learned a lot
8.He bought a nice computer, the price was not as high as expected.
9.On the second floor there are two rooms, the larger is used as a meeting room.
答案 1.of whom 2.in which 3.on which
4.with whom 5.of which 6.of whom 7.from which 8.of which 9.of which
Ⅳ.单句写作
1.Believe it or not, I don't like the way .
信不信由你,我不喜欢他对我讲话的方式。
2.He borrowed a book the other day, .
几天前他借了一本书,书的作者是一名工人。
3.Thank you for your help, the work on time.
感谢你的帮助,没有你的帮助我们不可能按时完成工作。
4.They arrived at a house a little boy.
他们来到一座房子,房前坐着一个小男孩。
5.The reason is that Mary likes them.
我买玫瑰的原因是玛丽喜欢玫瑰。
6.The factory is the largest one in this city.
他工作的那家工厂是这个城市里最大的。
答案 1.in which he spoke to me 2.the author of which is a worker 3.without which we could not have finished 4.in front of which sat 5.for which/why I bought the roses 6.in which he works
Ⅴ.主题活动(选做题)
Discuss the questions and try to give the answers.
1.Why is Tu Youyou considered a medical pioneer
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2.What typical writing features can you identify in the news article about Tu Youyou
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案 略
2(共89张PPT)
UNIT 6 THE ADMIRABLE
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要词汇的基本用法。（语言能力）
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化重点单词、短语和句式的用法,并学以致用。（学习能力）
3.通过对教材的理解,学会运用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。（语言能力）
1.__________ adj.令人钦佩的；极其出色的→_______ vt.钦佩； 欣赏
admirable
admire
2.__________ adj.聪敏的；有智慧的→___________ n.聪敏；智慧
intelligent
intelligence
3.__________ adv.创造性地；有创造力地→________ adj.创造性的
creatively
creative
4._________ adj.有效的；产生预期效果的→______ n.效果
effective
effect
5._______ adj.女（性）的→（反义词）______ adj.男（性）的
female
male
6.__________ adv.最终；终于→________ adj.最终的
eventually
eventual
7.__________ adj.大有希望的→________ n.希望；承诺 v.承诺；许诺
promising
promise
1.fight ____ ...努力争取；为……斗争
for
2.have...___ mind心里已有……
in
3.apart ______ ...除……之外
from
4.come across______
偶遇
5.put out fires______
灭火
1.The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinetefemnle scicnist to be_ awarded a
Nobel Prize for her work.（“序数词+名词+动词不定式”结构）
翻译 这位女士就是屠呦呦,中国第一位因为工作成果而获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。
仿写 He was _________________________________.
他是第一个想到这个主意的人。
the first person to think of the idea
2.Later, she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the
field . .from whon_ she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices.（“介词+
关系代词”引导定语从句）
翻译 后来,她在这一领域的专家那里学习了两年半的中医,从他们那里她获得了对传统
医学的深层理解。
仿写 I made many new friends on my
trip,_________________________________________.
我在旅途中结交了许多新朋友,从他们那里我听到了许多有趣的故事。
from whom I learned many interesting stories
核 心 单 词
知识点1 admire vt.钦佩；欣赏＊admiration n.钦佩；赞赏 ＊admirable adj.令人钦佩的
（P103）Do you have someone in mind that you admire
你心目中有钦佩的人吗
admire sb for （doing） sth 因（做）某事而钦佩某人
admire oneself 自我欣赏
with admiration 钦佩地
He is a brave man. We all admire his courage.
他是一个勇敢的人。我们都很佩服他的勇气。
The works of Dickens are admired in China as well as in the rest of the world.
狄更斯的作品在中国还有世界其他地方都受到赞赏。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）The moment I saw the scientist ________ by everyone,words failed to express
my __________.（admire）
admired
admiration
（2）We admire the old scientist ____his great contribution to the country.
for
（3）But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an __________
（admire） commitment.
admirable
（4）My deskmate ________ （admire） my fluent English very much and I usually
feel encouraged by his compliments.
admires
Ⅱ.单句写作
（5）（2023·安徽亳州月考）Li Hua is good at learning new things,
___________________________ very much.
李华擅长学习新事物，这令我很钦佩他。
which makes me admire him
知识点2 reform n.改革；改进 v.改革；改进
（柯林斯词典）The party embarked on a programme of economic reform.
这个政党开始了一项经济改革计划。
make reforms in 在……方面进行改革
a reform of the legal system 法律体制的改革
political/educational reform 政治/教育改革
reform and opening up 改革开放
reform the tax system 改革税收制度
China has been pushing for the reform of public hospitals for the benefit of all its citizens.
为了全体公民的利益,中国一直在推进公立医院的改革。
We must reform the outdated rules and regulations.
我们必须改进那些过时的规章制度。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）________________________________ has brought us Chinese people a rich and
colourful life.
改革开放政策给我们中国人民带来了富裕和多彩的生活。
The reform and opening up policy
（2）_____________________________ is warmly welcomed by students.
教学方法的改革受到了学生们的热烈欢迎。
The reform in teaching methods
知识点3 effective adj.有效的；产生预期效果的＊effect n.效果；影响
（P52）The drug with artemisinin has proved to be the most effective cure.
含青蒿素的药物已证明是最有效的治疗方法。
have an effect on 对……产生影响
bring/put...into effect 使……生效
come into effect 开始实施
in effect 实际上；事实上
take effect 生效；奏效
to no effect 无效的；无用的
The medicine she took was effective for treating colds.
她吃的药对治疗感冒很有效。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Television is an _________（effect） means of communication.
effective
（2）The new law will come _____ effect next month.
into
（3）___ effect，the state decides how many students will go to university.
In
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）Great scientific achievements will ____________________________ as well as
society.
重大的科技成果将对我们的生活和社会产生很大的影响。
have a great effect on our life
知识点4 award vt.授予；判给；奖励 n.奖品；奖
（P52）The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.
这位女士就是屠呦呦,中国第一位因为工作成果而获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。
win/receive/get an award for sth 因某事而获奖
award sb sth 授予某人某物
award sth to sb 授予某人某物
Harry won an award for his wonderful performance in the show.
哈利因这次演出中的出色表演而获奖。
reward、award和prize的用法辨析：
reward 强调应得的回报、报酬
award 指因某方面杰出而获得的奖品、奖（项）
prize 指比赛、竞赛中获得的奖品、奖金
融会应用
Ⅰ.选词填空（award/prize/reward）
（1）First ______ in the competition will be a meal at the restaurant of your choice.
prize
（2）The king said that such a brave soldier was worthy of _______.
reward
（3）The actor won an Academy _______ for his role in the film.
Award
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）The judge _________________________________ as damages.
法官判给他一大笔赔偿金。
awarded him a large sum of money
（5）Medals ________________ the best speakers on the debating team.
奖章被授予辩论队中的最佳辩手。
were awarded to
（6）Our government will _____________________________ whoever bravely exposes
the terrorists.
我们的政府将给任何勇于揭发恐怖分子的人奖励一大笔钱。
award a large sum of money to
知识点5 honour n.荣誉 vt.感到荣幸＊honoured adj.深感荣幸的；受尊敬的
（P53）This is not only an honour for myself, but also recognition and encouragement for all scientists in China.
这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉,也是对全体中国科学家的认可和鼓励。
have the honour of doing sth 有幸做某事
in honour of 为了纪念；为了向……表示敬意
It's an honour （for sb） to do sth. （某人）很荣幸做某事。
honour sb with sth 以……向……表示敬意；以……表扬/奖励……
be/feel honoured to do sth 为做某事而感到荣幸
It's not only a great responsibility but also a great honour to hold the Olympic Games.
举办奥运会不仅承担巨大的责任，还享有极大的荣誉。
We celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in honour of Qu Yuan.
我们庆祝端午节是为了纪念屈原。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）A temple was built in honour ___ the brave dragon.
of
（2）I was _________ （honour） to have a front-row seat, which was really a
surprise to me.
honoured
（3）It is my honour ______ （be） here to share with you my opinions on what to
learn in senior high school.
to be
Ⅱ.同义句转换
（4）I have the honour of performing before you all.
→______________________________ before you all.（honour n.）
→__________________________ before you all.（honoured adj.）
It's an honour for me to perform
I'm/feel honoured to perform
知识点6 recognition n.表彰；赞扬；认出；认可＊recognize vt.认出；承认
（P53）This is not only an honour for myself，but also recognition and encouragement for all scientists in China.
这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的认可和鼓励。
out of/beyond recognition 认不出来
recognize sb/sth by/from... 通过……认出某人/某物
recognize...as/to be... 认为……是……
It is recognized that... 人们公认……
Face recognition is a new kind of technology.
人脸识别是一种新的技术。
The machine can recognize different kinds of faces.
这台机器能识别不同类型的人脸。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）He's universally recognized ___ an authority on Russian affairs.
as
（2）The school has been expanded ________ recognition.
beyond
（3）There's a growing___________（recognize） that education doesn't end with
graduation.
recognition
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）（2023·广东东莞月考）___________________ environmental pollution has
become one of the most serious problems that people face.
人们一致认为环境污染现在已变成了人们所面临的最严重的问题之一。
It is recognized that
知识点7 gain v.获得；赢得；取得；受益；增加 n.好处；利益
（P53）Later, she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices.
后来,她在这一领域的专家那里学习了两年半的中医,从他们那里她获得了对传统医学的深层理解。
gain...by/from... 从……获得……
gain a reputation 获得声望
gain a prize 获奖
gain permission/experience 获得许可/经验
gain confidence/strength 增加信心/力量
gain weight 增加体重
gain success 获得成功
Her honesty gained her the trust of her teacher.
她的诚实使她赢得了她老师的信任。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）I gained a lot ________ my former experience.
by/from
（2）No pains, no ______（gain）.
gains
（3）During the last Spring Festival, she_______（gain） much weight.
gained
知识点8 establish vt.建立；设立＊established adj.已获确认的；著名的 ＊establishment n.确立；建立
（P53）In 1969,Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria—a disease that killed millions of people every year.
1969年，屠呦呦被选中组建一个团队，以找到治愈疟疾的方法，这种疾病每年夺去数百万人的生命。
establish sb/sth/oneself （in sth） （as sth） （在某方面）（以某身份）立足
get established 安定下来；站稳脚跟
an established company 一家知名公司
an established actor 著名的演员
an established fact 既定的事实
The school has established a good relationship with the local community.
这所学校和当地社区建立了良好的关系。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）This is an ___________ （establish） company with a good reputation.
established
（2）Westlake University _______________ （establish） in 2018.
was established
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）He has just set up his own business but it will take him a while to
______________.
他刚建立起自己的公司，但要站稳脚跟还得花上一段时间。
get established
知识点9 cure vt.治好（疾病）；治愈 n.疗法
（P53）In 1969,Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria—a disease that killed millions of people every year.
1969年,屠呦呦被选中组建一个团队，以找到治愈疟疾的方法，这种疾病每年夺去数百万人的生命。
cure sb of sth 治愈某人的……病
a cure for... ……的治疗方法
The fresh air and exercise cured him of his headache.
呼吸新鲜空气和锻炼治好了他的头痛。
cure “治愈；治疗”，主要指治愈内部疾病。搭配：cure sb of...
treat “治疗”，但不一定能治愈。搭配：treat sb for...
heal “治愈”，但多指治愈外伤（wound、injury、cut、burn等）
cure、treat和heal的用法区别：
融会应用
Ⅰ.用cure、treat、heal的适当形式填空
（1）The medicine and rest will soon _____ your wound.
heal
（2）—Has the doctor ______ the old woman of her illness
—No，he _______ her but didn't _____ her.
cured
treated
cure
（3）He is being _______ for a rare skin disease.
treated
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）（2023·安徽师大附中月考）Doctors are now able to
___________________________which in former times would have killed them.
现在，医生能够治愈过去的许多不治之症。
cure people of many diseases
知识点10 limited adj.有限的＊limit v.限制n.界限 ＊limitless adj.无限的
（P53）The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources.
这项任务之所以困难,是因为团队资源有限。
limited resources 有限的资源
be limited to 受限制于
limit...to... 把……限制在……
without limit 无限（制）地
a limit to... ……的限制
Speeches were limited to ten minutes each.
发言限制在十分钟以内。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）He was born into a poor family and only received a _______ （limit）
education in his childhood.
limited
（2）By reading children's literature, our imagination can expand ________ limit.
without
（3）The speed of the cars is limited ___ no more than ten miles per hour on
campus.
to
（4）Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I've found that the
possibilities that lie within books are ________ （limit）.
limitless
知识点11 resource n.物力；资源；才智；谋略
（P53）The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources.这项任务之所以困难，是因为团队资源有限。
natural resources 自然资源
financial resources 财力
resources for learning 学习资料
human resources 人力资源
develop/waste resources 开发/浪费资源
He is full of resources and is fit to act as our leader.
他足智多谋，适合当我们的领导者。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）To fully realize your potential，it is important for you to make the most of
your _________ （resource）.
resources
（2）Our teacher provides a lot of resources ____ learning.
for
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）（2023·郑州外国语学校月考）It is true that
_________________________________ at an alarming rate，so we should make good
use of them.
的确，地球的资源正以惊人的速度耗尽，所以我们应该好好利用它们。
the earth's resources are running out
知识点12 eventually adv.最终；终于＊eventual adj.最终的；最后的
（P53）However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they eventually came across a promising chemical.
然而,经过数百次失败的实验,他们终于发现了一种很有前景的化学物质。
succeed eventually 最终成功
die eventually 最终死去
He fell ill and eventually died.
他病倒了，最终去世了。
表示“最终;终于”的词汇还有finally、at last、in the end等。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）I __________ （eventual） realised I had to change my attitude towards
medical work.
eventually
（2）The police __________ （eventual） recovered the stolen paintings.
eventually
知识点13 despite prep.尽管；虽然
（P53）Today Tu Youyou continues to conduct research despite her age.
尽管年事已高，屠呦呦现在仍然继续做研究。
despite=in spite of 尽管
despite/in spite of the fact that... 尽管……
regardless of 不管；不顾
Despite the traffic jam, he arrived here on time.
尽管交通阻塞，他仍然准时到达这里。
despite与in spite of分别为介词和介词短语,其后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作让步状语,也可接what引导的宾语从句；though、although和as是从属连词,常用于引导陈述语气的让步状语从句。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）We arrived at the station on time __________________________.
尽管有暴风雨，我们依旧准时到达了车站。
despite/in spite of the storm
（2）They continued to work _____________________________ it was raining.
尽管在下雨，他们还是继续工作。
despite/ in spite of the fact that
知识点14 advance n.发展；进步 v.促进；前进；提前＊advanced adj.高级的；先进的
（P53）According to Tu Youyou, “...There is great potential for future advances if these two kinds of wisdom can be fully integrated”.
屠呦呦说：“……如果这两种智慧能够完全融合，未来将有巨大的发展潜力。”
make great advances in... 在……方面取得很大进步
in advance 预先；提前
in advance of 在……之前
on the advance 在上涨
be advanced to 被提拔为……
advance on/towards 向前移动
advanced technology 先进的技术
advanced country 发达国家
We live in an age of rapid technological advance.
我们生活在技术迅猛发展的时代。
The troops were finally given the order to advance.
部队终于得到前进的命令。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）With the help of the _________ technology, we can complete the task in
________.（advance）
advanced
advance
（2）He was advanced___ sales manager two years ago.
to
（3）The cooks arrived ___advance of the main party.
in
（4）__________（advance） technology was brought into the local factory last year.
Advanced
（5）Share prices are ____the advance steadily these days.
on
Ⅱ.单句写作
（6）Thanks to the help of Mr Brown，Mary
____________________________________.
多亏了布朗先生的帮助,玛丽在学业上取得了很大进步。
has made great advances in her studies
短 语 句 式
知识点15 apart from 除……之外
（P52）Malaria kills over 1,000,000 people a year—more people than any disease apart from AIDS.
疟疾每年导致一百多万人死亡,比除艾滋病以外的任何疾病导致的死亡人数都多。
Apart from being a successful statesman, he was also well known as a creative scientist.
他不仅是一位成功的政治家，还是一位富有创造力的科学家。
Apart from their house in London， they also have a villa in Spain.
除了在伦敦的房子，他们在西班牙还有一座别墅。
apart from、 in addition to/besides、 except和except for的用法辨析：
（1）apart from“除……之外”,指“包括在内”时相当于besides；指“不包括在内”时相当于except （for）。
（2）in addition to/besides “除……之外”,强调除此之外还包括其他人或物。
She understands French besides/in addition to English.
除了英语之外,她还懂法语。
（3）except“除……之外”,指从整体中除去一部分。其后可接that/when引导的从句。
I didn't tell him anything expect that I needed the money.
我什么都没告诉他，只是说我需要钱。
（4）except for“除……之外”,指说明整个基本情况后,对细节加以纠正,一般表示美中不足,其后一般接名词。
It's really a good film except for the ending.
除去结尾部分,这的确是一部好电影。
融会应用 用apart from、except for、besides、except填空
（1）__________________ school work, the children also have to take arts, music
and sports classes in their free time.
Apart from/Besides
（2）Everything was perfect __________ the weather.
except for
（3）Some people choose jobs for other reasons _________________ money these
days.
besides/apart from
（4）He knew nothing about her journey _______ that she was going to be away for
months.
except
知识点16 come across偶遇；碰见
（P53）However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they eventually came across a promising chemical.
然而,经过数百次失败的实验，他们终于发现了一种很有前景的化学物质。
come about 发生（无被动形式）
come on 快点；加油；上场
come out 出现；结果是；出版
come up （问题、计划等）被提出；上升；走近
come up with 提出
come to 到达；共计；达到
He's the best opponent I've come across this season.
他是我本赛季遇到的最出色的对手。
The editor compiles this book with the intent of helping students overcome many difficulties which they may come across in reading.
编者编纂这本书的目的在于帮助学生解决阅读时可能遇到的许多困难。
表示“偶然遇到”的常见短语还有meet with、run into、run across、meet...by chance/accident等。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）When walking down the street, I came _______ David, whom I hadn't seen for
years.
across
（2）Tom came up _____ a good idea at the meeting.
with
（3）Since the author won the Nobel Prize in 2016, his fans have been eagerly
waiting for his new novels to come ____.
out
（4）—They used to be good friends, but now they are like strangers.
—How did this come ______
about
（5）To his amazement, the travel costs come ___ 3,000 dollars.
to
知识点17 序数词+名词+动词不定式
（P52）The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.
这位女士就是屠呦呦,中国第一位因为工作成果而获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。
句中the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded为“序数词+名词+动词不定式”结构，其中动词不定式短语to be awarded作后置定语。
Tom was the first person to enter the classroom.
汤姆是第一个进教室的人。
动词不定式作后置定语的其他情况:
●当名词被the last、the only等修饰时；
●被修饰词为表示抽象意义的名词,如time、 way、 plan、 chance、 ability、 promise、 wish等时；
●当定语表示未来的还没发生的动作时；
●当被修饰的词为something、 nothing、 anything等不定代词时。
She was the only student to be absent from school today.
今天她是唯一没来上学的学生。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）Chinese was the first people ________ （drink） green tea more than 4,000
years ago and tea still enjoys popularity today.
to drink
（2）She was the first woman _______________（appoint） to the board.
to be appointed
（3）Mike will become the first person in his family _________ （finish） a college
education.
to finish
（4）The airport _______________ （complete） next year will help promote tourism
in this area.
to be completed
（5）Volunteering gives you a chance __________ （change） lives, including your
own.
to change
（6）She gave up the chance ______ （go） abroad.
to go
知识点18 The reason why...is/was that...
（P53） The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources.
这项任务之所以困难，是因为团队资源有限。
本句中的The reason why...was that...意为“……的原因是……”,其中why引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason；that引导表语从句。
The reason why we didn't go was that we were notified too late.
我们之所以没有去，是因为我们得到通知太晚了。
That's why... 这是……的原因
It's/That's because... 这是/那是因为……
融会应用 句型转换
The reason why he was late for school was that he got up late.
→He got up late. That's _____ he was late for school.
→He was late for school. It was ________ he got up late.
why
because
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
阅读下列句子，注意黑体部分的用法。
1.The ladder on which I was standing began to slip.
2.They tried to think of a plan by which they could complete their task ahead of time.
3.I met a man with whom I used to work.
4.We'll go to see the famous singer about whom we have talked.
关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,从句常由 “介词+____________” 引导。
介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指____时只能用which；关系代词指____ 时一般用
whom。
which/whom
物
人
探究点1 “介词+关系代词”中介词的确定
1.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯来确定。
2.根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定介词。该动词或形容词常与某些介词构成固定搭配。
3.根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子中,定语从句中谓语动词没有固定的动词短语。这时,需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用正确的介词。
I still remember the day on which I joined the army.（表示具体在哪一天用介词on）
我仍然记得我参军的那一天。
He is the man for whom I've been waiting for a long time.（wait for “等待”,为固定搭配）
他是我等了很久的那个人。
He is a famous singer of whom we are proud.（be proud of “以……而自豪”,为固定搭配）
他是一位我们引以为豪的著名歌唱家。
This is the book without which I can't pass the exam.（根据句意判定）
这就是那本没有它我就不能通过考试的书。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）In the dark street，there wasn't a single
person________________________________.
在漆黑的大街上，没有一个爱丽丝可以寻求帮助的人。
to whom Alice could turn for help
（2）The young man brought the result _______________________________.
这个年轻人带来了让老板满意的结果。
with which the boss was satisfied
（3）Do you still remember the day ________________________________
你还记得我们第一次见面的日子吗？
on which we met for the first time
（4）This is the pilot ________________________________ for ten years.
这就是和我哥哥一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。
with whom my brother has worked
探究点2 “介词十关系代词”的特殊用法
有时“介词+关系代词” 前会出现不定代词 （all、both、none、neither、many、few等）、数词（分数、百分数等）及“the+形容词的比较级/最高级”等,用来表示部分、数目等意义。
Last week, only two people came to look at the house, neither of whom wanted to buy it.
上周，只有两个人来看了房子,但是没有一个想要买的。
The football team has 15 members, the oldest of whom is 25 years old.
这支足球队有15名队员,其中年龄最大的队员是25岁。
1.引导定语从句的关系副词when、where、why在定语从句中分别作时间、地点、原因状语,且可根据其在句中的搭配关系,转换成相应的“介词+which”结构。
2.在 “the+名词+of+关系代词” 或 “of+关系代词+the+名词”结构中不能漏掉定冠词the； 在“whose+名词”结构中不能加上定冠词 the。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）The building, _________________________________ we can see from here, is a
hotel.
= The building, ___________ we can see from here, is a hotel.
那幢大楼是一家旅馆，我们可以从这儿看见它的屋顶。
the roof of which/of which the roof
whose roof
（2）There are forty students in our class in all, ______________ are from big cities.
我们班共有四十名学生，其中大多数来自大城市。
most of whom
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.That's _____ I didn't mention it earlier. I knew you'd take it the wrong way.
why
2.Not only ____ he give me some advice，but also he lent me some money.
did
3.First，he showed __________（admire） control of his emotions.
admirable
4.Now doctors believe they have cured him ___ the disease.
of
5.The soldiers and villagers fought _______ the flood shoulder to shoulder.
against
6.Punishment can never be an _________（effect） cure for acute social problems.
effective
7.She was awarded ____ being the best student.
for
8.The city has been built up really fast；it's changed beyond ___________
（recognize）.
recognition
9.It's ____________（encourage） to see such a bright and vigorous sight.
encouraging
10.We'll do our best to catch up with the _________（advance） world levels.
advanced
Ⅱ.选词填空
apart from；come across；fight for；have...in mind；one by one；with the help of
1.We must look into these matters ___________.
one by one
2.Collins Harvill _____ it ________ to publish a short volume about Pasternak.
had
in mind
3.________________ my classmates and teachers，I have caught up with the others.
With the help of
4.___________ my host，I didn't know a single person there.
Apart from
5.I've never ____________ such an experience in my life.
come across
6.A hero is brave enough to _________ his country.
fight for
Ⅲ.用“介词+关系代词”填空
1.In our class all the fifty students had taken part in the final exam， only one
_________ didn't pass the exam.
of whom
2.The way _________one student studies might be quite different from that of another
student.
in which
3.Can you see the desk __________ there is a book and two pens
on which
4.The man ___________ I share the room is a young teacher from college.
with whom
5.He works in a factory, at the back _________ there is a river.
of which
6.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many _________ left their village
homes for a better life in the city.
of whom
7.Do you like the book ___________ she learned a lot
from which
8.He bought a nice computer, _________ the price was not as high as expected.
of which
9.On the second floor there are two rooms， the larger_________ is used as a
meeting room.
of which
Ⅳ.单句写作
1.Believe it or not, I don't like the way ________________________.
信不信由你,我不喜欢他对我讲话的方式。
in which he spoke to me
2.He borrowed a book the other day, ______________________________.
几天前他借了一本书,书的作者是一名工人。
the author of which is a worker
3.Thank you for your help, ______________________________________ the work on
time.
感谢你的帮助,没有你的帮助我们不可能按时完成工作。
without which we could not have finished
4.They arrived at a house ____________________ a little boy.
他们来到一座房子,房前坐着一个小男孩。
in front of which sat
5.The reason _______________________________ is that Mary likes them.
我买玫瑰的原因是玛丽喜欢玫瑰。
for which/why I bought the roses
6.The factory __________________ is the largest one in this city.
他工作的那家工厂是这个城市里最大的。
in which he works
Ⅴ.主题活动（选做题）
Discuss the questions and try to give the answers.
1.Why is Tu Youyou considered a medical pioneer
____
略
2.What typical writing features can you identify in the news article about Tu Youyou
____
略
