(共38张PPT)
UNIT 6 THE ADMIRABLE
Section Ⅴ Writing
1.通过阅读熟悉概要写作的文体特征,并掌握其写作方法及策略。（语言能力，学习能力）
2.了解概要写作的技巧,写好概要写作。（语言能力）
概 要 写 作
本单元的写作任务是写一篇概要。概要写作是读写结合的题型,既考查学生理解文章主旨和段落中心的能力,又考查学生用正确的语法形式、合适的语言表达主旨的能力。概要写作一般以自然段为基础概括要点。有些段落有主题句,学生需要对主题句进行改写和调整,有些段落没有明显的主题句,需要学生自己归纳要点。通常的步骤如下:
1.通读文章,把文章分成几部分；
2.用一两个涵盖关键信息的句子概括每一部分；
3.避免加入事例和解释性的部分；
4.避免加入自己的观点；
5.注意衔接词的使用。
探究点1 教材范例提炼
课文范例
素材积累
Ⅰ.常用词汇
1.highlight the great importance of 强调……的重要性
2.against one's will 违心地
3.one after another 相继
4.take a correct attitude to/towards 对……采取正确的态度
5.attract one's attention 引起某人的注意
6.make the best of 充分利用
Ⅱ.话题句式
★精彩开头
1.The author highlights the importance of encouraging students.
作者强调了鼓励学生的重要性。
2.The passage argues that we must value not only those who come first or are the best in a field but also those whose efforts push others to success.
这篇文章认为，我们不仅要重视那些在某一领域名列前茅的人，而且要重视那些努力推动其他人走向成功的人。
★正文佳句
1.People who talk and sing to plants have no mental problems at all, according to an agricultural expert.
一位农业专家表示，对着植物说话和唱歌的人根本没有精神问题。
2.Laughter Yoga was invented by Madan Kataria, a doctor in Mumbai, India. Laughter includes forced laughter and real laughter， which both lead to a feeling of happiness.
大笑瑜伽是由印度孟买的医生马丹·卡塔利亚发明的。笑包括强迫的笑和真正的笑。它们都能带来幸福感。
★余味结尾
1.Fortunately，people still have a lot of time to do other things apart from work，though it may take some efforts.
幸运的是，虽然需要付出一些努力，但是人们除了工作之外还有很多时间做其他事情。
2.However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.
然而，一些科学家认为，接触一些泥土对我们的免疫系统有益。
探究点2 写作应用体验
写作典例
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Speed is very important in avalanche （雪崩） rescues. There will be narrow chances to escape if a skier is buried for 30 minutes or more. Now that 30 minutes can mean the difference between life and death for a skier lost on a snowy mountain, most people would depend on life-saving dogs.
Noble works as a rescue team member in a vacation land, California. He tells us, “Dogs run fastest when an accident happens.” His partner Wylee, a life-saving dog,
can search an accident scene the size of a football field. It only needs 5 to 10 minutes. However, 5 rescue team members have to spend a couple of hours in the same area.
Apart from its excellent speed, Noble chooses Wylee as his partner partly because it weighs only about half what other kinds of dogs weigh. Rescue team members have to carry their dogs to search sites in addition to carrying 60-pound backpacks with food, water and other equipment. The dogs need the lift so that they don't get tired before they start working.
There aren't adequate data on how often dogs take part in avalanche searches or how often they are able to help local people in danger. But the dogs don't save that many people. That's because there aren't that many to save. A quarter of people in danger die from serious injuries before the snow stops moving. Of those buried who aren't killed by injuries, half die within 20 minutes. If there is a chance of rescue, though, the dogs also cut search time for the remains.
Erica Mueller, a famous director, wanted to see how the life-saving dogs worked, so she volunteered to spend part of an hour in a wide snow cave waiting to be found. She was armed with a radio and was wearing several layers to stay warm. After being rescued by Wylee, she said, “I can't talk like a survivor, but it was definitely a cool way to see how well trained those dogs are.”
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分步推进
Step 1 审题谋篇
第一步：确定时态和人称。该写作是对说明文的概括，以一般现在时为主，用第三人称。
第二步：提炼要点。用高度概括的语言说明文章的重点内容。
Step 2 写作要点
1.翻译词汇
（1）至关重要的_____________________
be of vital importance
（2）由于_______
due to
（3）此外___________
in addition
（4）高度评价_______________
speak highly of
2.关系词积累
（1）准确运用词汇和语法，巧妙运用英语中常用的高分表达，如定语从句、强调句、非谓语动词等。
（2）有效使用逻辑关系词，保证上下文的连贯性。常见的逻辑关系词有：
表示并列关系：and、or、also、too、both...and...、either...or...、as well...
表示递进关系：what's more、in addition、furthermore、moreover、not only...but also...、besides...
表示转折关系：but、however、though...
表示先后顺序关系：first、second、first of all、to begin with、finally、last but not least...
表示因果关系：because、because of、owing to、due to、as a result of、therefore、consequently、as a result、thus...
表示归纳总结：on the whole、in a word、in conclusion、in summary、in short...
（3）保证语言表达的独立性，学会通过同义转换、句子重构等方法用自己的语言概括原文的主题句。例如：
a tsunami that crashed into the coasts of Asia中的crashed into可改为hit；
government officials said中的said可改为stated；
“I have looked for my missing dictionary everywhere.”中的missing可改为lost；
“The number of deaths is expected to grow even higher.”中的is expected可改为is predicted。
Step 3 连句成篇
利用文中的主题要点,加上恰当的连接词和过渡句,必要时可以改变句式,使之成为一篇连贯的文章。
参考范文
Life-saving dogs are of vital importance and help in avalanche rescues due to their excellent speed.（要点1） In addition, another advantage of life-saving dogs is their light weight.（要点2） Nonetheless，the number of people rescued is not large due to serious injuries and limited time.（要点3） However, through the experiment, the famous director， Erica Mueller, spoke highly of the life-saving dogs in avalanche rescues.（要点4）
主题写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals, and even disturbs the world's ecological balance.
On a local level, the damage to the forests required by full-sun fields affects the area's animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species（物种） that depend on the trees' flowers and fruits. Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many species are quickly dying out.
On a more global level，the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens（威胁） human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life，and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In addition，new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the local water，and eventually the world's groundwater.
Both locally and globally，the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations（种植园）could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate, and studies show that the loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic soil conditions.
It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost.
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参考范文
Full-sun production of coffee beans has caused damage to some species, even the ecology.（要点1） First, it destroys the habitats of local species, and even causes their extinction.（要点2） Moreover，with water poisoned and fewer species for medical research, people's life is severely affected.（要点3） The destruction of the rainforest ecology seems inevitable, accompanied by air pollution and global warming and so on.（要点4） Therefore, consumers are advised to buy shade-grown coffee though it's more expensive.（要点5）
1.Science fiction cannot be regarded as mere entertainment, but in fact it tells the reader much more.
科幻小说不能仅仅被看成是娱乐，实际上它向读者表达了更多的内容。
2.In order to raise people's awareness of protecting our environment, we must make people around us aware of its importance first.
为了增强人们的环境保护意识，我们必须首先让周围的人意识到环保的重要性。
3.To make a good journey， you must first organise your schedule properly.
要想旅行愉快，首先你必须合理安排行程。
《魔法师的外甥》（The Magician's Nephew）是由英国作家C·S·路易斯于20世纪50年代所著的《纳尼亚传奇》系列奇幻儿童文学小说的第一部。路易斯以儿童文学经典《纳尼亚传奇》系列闻名于世，其重要作品还有《空间三部曲》《痛苦的奥秘》《返璞归真》《四种爱》等。
The Magician's Nephew（Excerpt）
About a week after this it was quite certain that Digory's mother was getting better. About a fortnight① later she was able to sit out in the garden. And a month later that whole house had become a different place. Aunt Letty did everything that Mother liked: windows were opened，frowsy curtains were drawn back to brighten up the rooms，there were new flowers everywhere，and nicer things to eat，and the old piano was tuned and Mother took up② her singing again，and had such games with Digory and Polly that Aunt Letty would say, “I declare，Mabel，you're the biggest baby of the three.”
When things go wrong，you'll find they usually go on getting worse for some time; but when things once start going right they often go on getting better and better. After about six weeks of this lovely life there came a long letter from Father in India，which had wonderful news in it. Old Great-Uncle Kirke had died and this meant，apparently③，that Father was now very rich. He was going to retire and come home from India forever and ever. And the great big house in the country，which Digory had heard of all his life and never seen would now be their home; the big house with the suits of armour，the stables，the kennels，the river，the park，the hot-houses，the vineries，the woods，and the mountains behind it. So that Digory
felt just as sure as you that they were all going to live happily ever after. But perhaps you would like to know just one or two things more.
Polly and Digory were always great friends and she came nearly every holiday to stay with them at their beautiful house in the country; and that was where she learned to ride and swim and milk and bake and climb.
In Narnia the Beasts lived in great peace and joy and neither the Witch nor any other enemy came to trouble that pleasant land for many hundred years. King Frank and Queen Helen and their children lived happily in Narnia and their second son became King of Archenland. The boys married nymphs and the girls married
woodgods and river-gods. The lamp-post which the Witch had planted （without knowing it）shone day and night in the Narnian forest，so that the place where it grew came to be called Lantern Waste; and when，many years later，another child from our world got into Narnia，on a snowy night，she found the light still burning. And that adventure was，in a way，connected with the ones I have just been telling you.
It was like this. The tree which sprang from the Apple that Digory planted in the back garden，lived and grew into a fine tree. Growing in the soil of our world，far out of the sound of Aslan's voice and far from the young air of Narnia，it did not bear apples that would revive④ a dying woman as Digory's Mother had been revived，though it did bear apples more beautiful than any others in England，and they were extremely good for you，though not fully magical. But inside itself，in the very sap of it，the tree （so to speak）never forgot that other tree in Narnia to which it belonged. Sometimes it would move mysteriously⑤ when there was no wind blowing: I think that when this happened there were high winds in Narnia and the
English tree quivered⑥ because，at that moment，the Narnia tree was rocking and swaying in a strong southwestern gale⑦.However，that might be，it was proved later that there was still magic in its wood. For when Digory was quite middle-aged （and he was a famous learned man，a Professor，and a great traveller by that time）and the Ketterleys' old house belonged to him，there was a great storm all over the south of England which blew the tree down. He couldn't bear to have it simply chopped up⑧ for firewood，so he had part of the timber made into a wardrobe，which he put in his big house in the country. And though he himself did not discover the magic properties of that wardrobe，someone else did. That was the beginning of all the
comings and goings between Narnia and our world，which you can read of in other books.
When Digory and his people went to live in the big country house，they took Uncle Andrew to live with them; for Digory's Father said，“We must try to keep the old fellow out of mischief⑨，and it isn't fair that poor Letty should have him always on her hands.” Uncle Andrew never tried any magic again as long as he lived. He had learned his lesson，and in his old age he became a nicer and less selfish old man than he had ever been before. But he always liked to get visitors alone in the billiard-room and tell them stories about a mysterious lady，a foreign royalty，with whom he had driven about London.“A devilish temper she had,” he would say. “But she was a dem fine woman，sir，a dem fine woman.”
魔法师的外甥（节选）
大约一周以后，迪格雷的妈妈明显状态越来越好了。两周后，她便能坐在花园里了。过了一个月，整幢房子都变了样。凡是妈妈喜欢的事蕾蒂姨妈都做了：窗户打开了，皱巴巴的窗帘拉开后房间里一片明亮，到处都有新采的鲜花和很好吃的东西。旧钢琴调好音后，妈妈又开始了歌唱，而且和迪格雷以及波莉在一起玩耍，连蕾蒂姨妈都说：“我敢说，玛贝尔，你是三个孩子中最大的一个。”
当事情不顺心时，你会发现在一段时间里这些事情会越变越糟；但当事情一旦开始好转，这些事又常常变得越来越好。这种好日子大约过了六周之后，在印度的爸爸写来一封长长的信，信里有一个惊人的好消息。老叔祖父柯克去世了，这当然意味着
爸爸现在变得非常富有。他即将从印度退休回家，再也不走了。迪格雷一生下来就听说过但从未见过的那幢乡下大房子现在成了他们的家。大房子里有几套盔甲，有马厩、狗舍，有河流、公园、暖房、葡萄园和树林，后面还有山。所以，迪格雷和你们一样，十分肯定地认为他们今后将过上幸福生活。但也许你想知道另外一两件事情。
波莉和迪格雷一直是非常要好的朋友，几乎每个假期她都到乡下去，和他们一起住在那幢漂亮的房子里，她在那儿学会了骑马、游泳、挤奶、烤面包和爬山。
在纳尼亚，动物们非常快乐地生活在和平之中，几百年里，女巫和其他任何敌人都没来骚扰那片乐土。弗兰克国王与海伦王后以及他们的孩子也非常幸福地生活在纳尼亚。他们的第二个儿子当了阿钦兰的国王。儿子们娶了仙女，女儿们嫁给了河神与
树神。女巫栽下（她自己并不知道）的路灯柱日夜照耀着纳尼亚的森林，它长大的那片地方被叫作灯柱野林。很多年后，另一个孩子在一个下雪的夜晚，从我们的世界走进纳尼亚，发现那盏灯依然亮着。那次历险在某种意义上与我刚刚告诉你们的故事紧密相连。
事情是这样的。迪格雷埋在后花园里的苹果长成了一棵美丽的树。这棵树长在我们这个世界的土壤里，远离阿斯兰的声音和纳尼亚年轻的空气，它的果实比英格兰其他所有苹果都要漂亮得多，而且对你极有益处。虽然没有十足的魔力，也不会再像救活迪格雷的妈妈一样使一个垂死的妇女恢复生机，但是，就这棵果树的内在性质而言，在它的汁液之中，这棵树（就这样称它吧）仍然没有忘记它所属的在纳尼亚的那棵树。
有时没有刮风，它也会神秘地摇动。我想，这个时候纳尼亚一定在刮大风；在英格兰的这棵树之所以战栗，是因为纳尼亚的母树在强劲的西南风中摇摆晃动。然而，之后被证明了这棵树的木头中仍然存在着魔法。当迪格雷到了中年（那时，他成了著名的学者、教授和大旅行家），凯特利家的老房子也归他所有，英格兰南部的一场风暴吹倒了那棵树。他不忍心让人把它当柴烧了，便用一部分木料做了一个大衣柜，放在他乡下的大房子里。他自己虽然没有发现那衣柜的魔力，另一个人却发现了。那就是我们的世界和纳尼亚之间所有故事的开端，你可以在其他书里读到。
当迪格雷和他的家人搬往乡下的大房子时，他们把安德鲁舅舅带了过去，与他们一起生活；因为迪格雷的爸爸说：“我们必须阻止这老家伙再捣乱，可怜的蕾蒂始终要
照看他，太不公平。”安德鲁舅舅此后再也没有试过任何魔法。他吸取了教训，到了晚年，不再像从前那么自私，变得比较可爱。但他总是喜欢在弹子房里单独会客，给他们讲一个神秘的外国王族女人的故事，说他曾经和她一起驾着马车在伦敦街上兜风。“她脾气很坏,”他总是这样说，“可她是一个漂亮的贵妇人，先生，一个漂亮的贵妇人。”
①fortnight n.两星期
②take up开始从事
③apparently adv. 显而易见地
④revive v.（使）复原; （使）复苏
⑤mysteriously adv. 神秘地
⑥quiver v.颤抖; 抖动
⑦gale n.大风;狂风
⑧chop up切成小块
⑨mischief n.恶作剧;捣乱
路易斯的作品受麦克唐纳和内斯比特的影响，继承了幻想与探险故事的传统。他的一些想象来自他小时候喜爱的一些书：比阿特丽克斯·波特笔下会说话的动物，安徒生童话故事中的邪恶女王，德国古老神话中的小矮人，爱尔兰童话、神话与传说以及古希腊神话传说中的动物。路易斯把它们融汇到一起，使它们变成一个全新的、有创造性的故事。Unit 6 Section Ⅴ Writing
【学习目标】
1.通过阅读熟悉概要写作的文体特征,并掌握其写作方法及策略。(语言能力,学习能力)
2.了解概要写作的技巧,写好概要写作。(语言能力)
【合作探究】
写作探究
概 要 写 作
本单元的写作任务是写一篇概要。概要写作是读写结合的题型,既考查学生理解文章主旨和段落中心的能力,又考查学生用正确的语法形式、合适的语言表达主旨的能力。概要写作一般以自然段为基础概括要点。有些段落有主题句,学生需要对主题句进行改写和调整,有些段落没有明显的主题句,需要学生自己归纳要点。通常的步骤如下:
1.通读文章,把文章分成几部分;
2.用一两个涵盖关键信息的句子概括每一部分;
3.避免加入事例和解释性的部分;
4.避免加入自己的观点;
5.注意衔接词的使用。
探究点1 教材范例提炼
Ⅰ.常用词汇
1.highlight the great importance of 强调……的重要性
2.against one's will 违心地
3.one after another 相继
4.take a correct attitude to/towards 对……采取正确的态度
5.attract one's attention 引起某人的注意
6.make the best of 充分利用
Ⅱ.话题句式
★精彩开头
1.The author highlights the importance of encouraging students.
作者强调了鼓励学生的重要性。
2.The passage argues that we must value not only those who come first or are the best in a field but also those whose efforts push others to success.
这篇文章认为,我们不仅要重视那些在某一领域名列前茅的人,而且要重视那些努力推动其他人走向成功的人。
★正文佳句
1.People who talk and sing to plants have no mental problems at all, according to an agricultural expert.
一位农业专家表示,对着植物说话和唱歌的人根本没有精神问题。
2.Laughter Yoga was invented by Madan Kataria, a doctor in Mumbai, India. Laughter includes forced laughter and real laughter, which both lead to a feeling of happiness.
大笑瑜伽是由印度孟买的医生马丹·卡塔利亚发明的。笑包括强迫的笑和真正的笑。它们都能带来幸福感。
★余味结尾
1.Fortunately,people still have a lot of time to do other things apart from work,though it may take some efforts.
幸运的是,虽然需要付出一些努力,但是人们除了工作之外还有很多时间做其他事情。
2.However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.
然而,一些科学家认为,接触一些泥土对我们的免疫系统有益。
探究点2 写作应用体验
写作典例
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Speed is very important in avalanche (雪崩) rescues.There will be narrow chances to escape if a skier is buried for 30 minutes or more.Now that 30 minutes can mean the difference between life and death for a skier lost on a snowy mountain, most people would depend on life-saving dogs.
Noble works as a rescue team member in a vacation land, California.He tells us, “Dogs run fastest when an accident happens.” His partner Wylee, a life-saving dog, can search an accident scene the size of a football field.It only needs 5 to 10 minutes.However, 5 rescue team members have to spend a couple of hours in the same area.
Apart from its excellent speed, Noble chooses Wylee as his partner partly because it weighs only about half what other kinds of dogs weigh.Rescue team members have to carry their dogs to search sites in addition to carrying 60-pound backpacks with food, water and other equipment.The dogs need the lift so that they don't get tired before they start working.
There aren't adequate data on how often dogs take part in avalanche searches or how often they are able to help local people in danger.But the dogs don't save that many people.That's because there aren't that many to save.A quarter of people in danger die from serious injuries before the snow stops moving.Of those buried who aren't killed by injuries, half die within 20 minutes.If there is a chance of rescue, though, the dogs also cut search time for the remains.
Erica Mueller, a famous director, wanted to see how the life-saving dogs worked, so she volunteered to spend part of an hour in a wide snow cave waiting to be found.She was armed with a radio and was wearing several layers to stay warm.After being rescued by Wylee, she said, “I can't talk like a survivor, but it was definitely a cool way to see how well trained those dogs are.”
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分步推进
Step 1 审题谋篇
第一步:确定时态和人称。该写作是对说明文的概括,以一般现在时为主,用第三人称。
第二步:提炼要点。用高度概括的语言说明文章的重点内容。
Step 2 写作要点
1.翻译词汇
(1)至关重要的
(2)由于
(3)此外
(4)高度评价
答案 (1)be of vital importance (2)due to (3)in addition (4)speak highly of
2.关系词积累
(1)准确运用词汇和语法,巧妙运用英语中常用的高分表达,如定语从句、强调句、非谓语动词等。
(2)有效使用逻辑关系词,保证上下文的连贯性。常见的逻辑关系词有:
表示并列关系:and、or、also、too、both...and...、either...or...、as well...
表示递进关系:what's more、in addition、furthermore、moreover、not only...but also...、besides...
表示转折关系:but、however、though...
表示先后顺序关系:first、second、first of all、to begin with、finally、last but not least...
表示因果关系:because、because of、owing to、due to、as a result of、therefore、consequently、as a result、thus...
表示归纳总结:on the whole、in a word、in conclusion、in summary、in short...
(3)保证语言表达的独立性,学会通过同义转换、句子重构等方法用自己的语言概括原文的主题句。例如:
a tsunami that crashed into the coasts of Asia中的crashed into可改为hit;
government officials said中的said可改为stated;
“I have looked for my missing dictionary everywhere.”中的missing可改为lost;
“The number of deaths is expected to grow even higher.”中的is expected可改为is predicted。
Step 3 连句成篇
利用文中的主题要点,加上恰当的连接词和过渡句,必要时可以改变句式,使之成为一篇连贯的文章。
参考范文
Life-saving dogs are of vital importance and help in avalanche rescues due to their excellent speed.(要点1) In addition, another advantage of life-saving dogs is their light weight.(要点2) Nonetheless,the number of people rescued is not large due to serious injuries and limited time.(要点3) However, through the experiment, the famous director, Erica Mueller, spoke highly of the life-saving dogs in avalanche rescues.(要点4)
【随堂检测】
主题写作
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals, and even disturbs the world's ecological balance.
On a local level, the damage to the forests required by full-sun fields affects the area's animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species(物种) that depend on the trees' flowers and fruits.Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home.As a result, many species are quickly dying out.
On a more global level,the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens(威胁) human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life,and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.In addition,new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the local water,and eventually the world's groundwater.
Both locally and globally,the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations(种植园)could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate, and studies show that the loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.Moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic soil conditions.
It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost.
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参考范文
Full-sun production of coffee beans has caused damage to some species, even the ecology.(要点1) First, it destroys the habitats of local species, and even causes their extinction.(要点2) Moreover,with water poisoned and fewer species for medical research, people's life is severely affected.(要点3) The destruction of the rainforest ecology seems inevitable, accompanied by air pollution and global warming and so on.(要点4) Therefore, consumers are advised to buy shade-grown coffee though it's more expensive.(要点5)
视野拓展
1.Science fiction cannot be regarded as mere entertainment, but in fact it tells the reader much more.
科幻小说不能仅仅被看成是娱乐,实际上它向读者表达了更多的内容。
2.In order to raise people's awareness of protecting our environment, we must make people around us aware of its importance first.
为了增强人们的环境保护意识,我们必须首先让周围的人意识到环保的重要性。
3.To make a good journey, you must first organise your schedule properly.
要想旅行愉快,首先你必须合理安排行程。
英美文化
美篇导读
《魔法师的外甥》(The Magician's Nephew)是由英国作家C·S·路易斯于20世纪50年代所著的《纳尼亚传奇》系列奇幻儿童文学小说的第一部。路易斯以儿童文学经典《纳尼亚传奇》系列闻名于世,其重要作品还有《空间三部曲》《痛苦的奥秘》《返璞归真》《四种爱》等。
美篇呈现
The Magician's Nephew(Excerpt)
About a week after this it was quite certain that Digory's mother was getting better.About a fortnight① later she was able to sit out in the garden.And a month later that whole house had become a different place.Aunt Letty did everything that Mother liked: windows were opened,frowsy curtains were drawn back to brighten up the rooms,there were new flowers everywhere,and nicer things to eat,and the old piano was tuned and Mother took up② her singing again,and had such games with Digory and Polly that Aunt Letty would say, “I declare,Mabel,you're the biggest baby of the three.”
When things go wrong,you'll find they usually go on getting worse for some time; but when things once start going right they often go on getting better and better.After about six weeks of this lovely life there came a long letter from Father in India,which had wonderful news in it.Old Great-Uncle Kirke had died and this meant,apparently③,that Father was now very rich.He was going to retire and come home from India forever and ever.And the great big house in the country,which Digory had heard of all his life and never seen would now be their home; the big house with the suits of armour,the stables,the kennels,the river,the park,the hot-houses,the vineries,the woods,and the mountains behind it.So that Digory felt just as sure as you that they were all going to live happily ever after.But perhaps you would like to know just one or two things more.
Polly and Digory were always great friends and she came nearly every holiday to stay with them at their beautiful house in the country; and that was where she learned to ride and swim and milk and bake and climb.
In Narnia the Beasts lived in great peace and joy and neither the Witch nor any other enemy came to trouble that pleasant land for many hundred years.King Frank and Queen Helen and their children lived happily in Narnia and their second son became King of Archenland.The boys married nymphs and the girls married woodgods and river-gods.The lamp-post which the Witch had planted (without knowing it)shone day and night in the Narnian forest,so that the place where it grew came to be called Lantern Waste; and when,many years later,another child from our world got into Narnia,on a snowy night,she found the light still burning.And that adventure was,in a way,connected with the ones I have just been telling you.
It was like this.The tree which sprang from the Apple that Digory planted in the back garden,lived and grew into a fine tree.Growing in the soil of our world,far out of the sound of Aslan's voice and far from the young air of Narnia,it did not bear apples that would revive④ a dying woman as Digory's Mother had been revived,though it did bear apples more beautiful than any others in England,and they were extremely good for you,though not fully magical.But inside itself,in the very sap of it,the tree (so to speak)never forgot that other tree in Narnia to which it belonged.Sometimes it would move mysteriously⑤ when there was no wind blowing: I think that when this happened there were high winds in Narnia and the English tree quivered⑥ because,at that moment,the Narnia tree was rocking and swaying in a strong southwestern gale⑦.However,that might be,it was proved later that there was still magic in its wood.For when Digory was quite middle-aged (and he was a famous learned man,a Professor,and a great traveller by that time)and the Ketterleys' old house belonged to him,there was a great storm all over the south of England which blew the tree down.He couldn't bear to have it simply chopped up⑧ for firewood,so he had part of the timber made into a wardrobe,which he put in his big house in the country.And though he himself did not discover the magic properties of that wardrobe,someone else did.That was the beginning of all the comings and goings between Narnia and our world,which you can read of in other books.
When Digory and his people went to live in the big country house,they took Uncle Andrew to live with them; for Digory's Father said,“We must try to keep the old fellow out of mischief⑨,and it isn't fair that poor Letty should have him always on her hands.” Uncle Andrew never tried any magic again as long as he lived.He had learned his lesson,and in his old age he became a nicer and less selfish old man than he had ever been before.But he always liked to get visitors alone in the billiard-room and tell them stories about a mysterious lady,a foreign royalty,with whom he had driven about London.“A devilish temper she had,” he would say. “But she was a dem fine woman,sir,a dem fine woman.”
魔法师的外甥(节选)
大约一周以后,迪格雷的妈妈明显状态越来越好了。两周后,她便能坐在花园里了。过了一个月,整幢房子都变了样。凡是妈妈喜欢的事蕾蒂姨妈都做了:窗户打开了,皱巴巴的窗帘拉开后房间里一片明亮,到处都有新采的鲜花和很好吃的东西。旧钢琴调好音后,妈妈又开始了歌唱,而且和迪格雷以及波莉在一起玩耍,连蕾蒂姨妈都说:“我敢说,玛贝尔,你是三个孩子中最大的一个。”
当事情不顺心时,你会发现在一段时间里这些事情会越变越糟;但当事情一旦开始好转,这些事又常常变得越来越好。这种好日子大约过了六周之后,在印度的爸爸写来一封长长的信,信里有一个惊人的好消息。老叔祖父柯克去世了,这当然意味着爸爸现在变得非常富有。他即将从印度退休回家,再也不走了。迪格雷一生下来就听说过但从未见过的那幢乡下大房子现在成了他们的家。大房子里有几套盔甲,有马厩、狗舍,有河流、公园、暖房、葡萄园和树林,后面还有山。所以,迪格雷和你们一样,十分肯定地认为他们今后将过上幸福生活。但也许你想知道另外一两件事情。
波莉和迪格雷一直是非常要好的朋友,几乎每个假期她都到乡下去,和他们一起住在那幢漂亮的房子里,她在那儿学会了骑马、游泳、挤奶、烤面包和爬山。
在纳尼亚,动物们非常快乐地生活在和平之中,几百年里,女巫和其他任何敌人都没来骚扰那片乐土。弗兰克国王与海伦王后以及他们的孩子也非常幸福地生活在纳尼亚。他们的第二个儿子当了阿钦兰的国王。儿子们娶了仙女,女儿们嫁给了河神与树神。女巫栽下(她自己并不知道)的路灯柱日夜照耀着纳尼亚的森林,它长大的那片地方被叫作灯柱野林。很多年后,另一个孩子在一个下雪的夜晚,从我们的世界走进纳尼亚,发现那盏灯依然亮着。那次历险在某种意义上与我刚刚告诉你们的故事紧密相连。
事情是这样的。迪格雷埋在后花园里的苹果长成了一棵美丽的树。这棵树长在我们这个世界的土壤里,远离阿斯兰的声音和纳尼亚年轻的空气,它的果实比英格兰其他所有苹果都要漂亮得多,而且对你极有益处。虽然没有十足的魔力,也不会再像救活迪格雷的妈妈一样使一个垂死的妇女恢复生机,但是,就这棵果树的内在性质而言,在它的汁液之中,这棵树(就这样称它吧)仍然没有忘记它所属的在纳尼亚的那棵树。有时没有刮风,它也会神秘地摇动。我想,这个时候纳尼亚一定在刮大风;在英格兰的这棵树之所以战栗,是因为纳尼亚的母树在强劲的西南风中摇摆晃动。然而,之后被证明了这棵树的木头中仍然存在着魔法。当迪格雷到了中年(那时,他成了著名的学者、教授和大旅行家),凯特利家的老房子也归他所有,英格兰南部的一场风暴吹倒了那棵树。他不忍心让人把它当柴烧了,便用一部分木料做了一个大衣柜,放在他乡下的大房子里。他自己虽然没有发现那衣柜的魔力,另一个人却发现了。那就是我们的世界和纳尼亚之间所有故事的开端,你可以在其他书里读到。
当迪格雷和他的家人搬往乡下的大房子时,他们把安德鲁舅舅带了过去,与他们一起生活;因为迪格雷的爸爸说:“我们必须阻止这老家伙再捣乱,可怜的蕾蒂始终要照看他,太不公平。”安德鲁舅舅此后再也没有试过任何魔法。他吸取了教训,到了晚年,不再像从前那么自私,变得比较可爱。但他总是喜欢在弹子房里单独会客,给他们讲一个神秘的外国王族女人的故事,说他曾经和她一起驾着马车在伦敦街上兜风。“她脾气很坏,”他总是这样说,“可她是一个漂亮的贵妇人,先生,一个漂亮的贵妇人。”
知识积累
①fortnight n.两星期
②take up开始从事
③apparently adv. 显而易见地
④revive v.(使)复原; (使)复苏
⑤mysteriously adv. 神秘地
⑥quiver v.颤抖; 抖动
⑦gale n.大风;狂风
⑧chop up切成小块
⑨mischief n.恶作剧;捣乱
素养链接
路易斯的作品受麦克唐纳和内斯比特的影响,继承了幻想与探险故事的传统。他的一些想象来自他小时候喜爱的一些书:比阿特丽克斯·波特笔下会说话的动物,安徒生童话故事中的邪恶女王,德国古老神话中的小矮人,爱尔兰童话、神话与传说以及古希腊神话传说中的动物。路易斯把它们融汇到一起,使它们变成一个全新的、有创造性的故事。
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