(共88张PPT)
UNIT 7 ART
Section Ⅲ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
1.通过分析课文，了解京剧这一艺术形式；了解音乐天才贝多芬的故事,形成面对困难的正确态度。（语言能力,文化意识）
2.通过分析课文结构，了解文本大意，培养略读和查读等阅读能力，培养分析长难句的能力。（学习能力）
3.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要词汇的基本用法。（语言能力）
4.通过对教材的理解,学会运用构词法。（语言能力）
Ⅰ.基础单词
1.______ n.面具
mask
2._______ vt.掌握；精通 n.大师；主人
master
3._____ v.提到；谈到
refer
4.________ v.表演；演出
perform
5._________ adv.否则；要不然
otherwise
6._________ adj.复杂的
complex
7._______ n.方面
aspect
8._______ n.天才
genius
9.__________ n.交响乐；交响曲
symphony
10.______ adj.（音乐）小调的； 小的；不是很重要的
minor
11.________ vi.奋斗；拼搏 n.奋斗
struggle
12.________ vi.继续进行
proceed
13._____ n.单音；音调；音符
note
14.______ n.乐谱；比分；成绩
score
15.________ v.回应；回复
respond
16.______ adj.紧张的；焦虑不安的
tense
17.________ vi.犹豫；踌躇
hesitate
18._______ n.主管；负责
charge
19.______ vt.标志着；预示 n.标识
signal
20.______ adj.宽阔的；广博的
broad
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1._______ adj.女（性）的→______ adj.男（性）的
female
male
2.________ n.情感→__________ adj.情感的
emotion
emotional
3._________ n.作曲家→_________ vt.作（曲）；构成；写作
composer
compose
4.__________ n.指挥家→________ vt.指挥
conductor
conduct
5._______ adj.欢乐的；令人愉快的→____ n.欢乐
joyous
joy
&1& 构词规律
名词后缀：-er, -or，-ation
compose v.→composer n.创作者；作曲家
conduct v.→conductor n.（合唱队等的）指挥
hesitate v.→hesitation n.犹豫；疑虑
Ⅲ.一词多义
1.refer to查阅；涉及；提到；把……委托给；指的是
（1）Don't refer to that matter again， please.______
提到
（2）If you want to know his telephone number，you may refer to the telephone
directory.______
查阅
（3）I was not referring to her when I said so.________
指的是
（4）The special patient was referred to a specialist for treatment. ______________
把……委托给
2.charge n.& v.主管；充电；控告；（商品和服务所需的）要价；收费
（1）Ben will take charge of the company after his father retires._______
n.主管
（2）The restaurant charged me 10 dollars for the
lunch._________________________________
v.（商品和服务所需的）要价；收费
（3）The young man was charged with stealing._______
v.控告
（4）The battery must be charged before use. _______
v.充电
1.not hesitate to do sth ____________________________
毫不犹豫做某事；尽管做某事
2.take charge of ____________
负责；控制
3.broad smile ____________
满面的笑容
4.refer to ______________
提到；指的是
5.struggle with ____________
与……斗争
6.jump to one's feet ________
跳起来
1.For more than an hour, Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra, waving
his arms wildly in the air, and madly turning the pages of his score.（动词-ing形式
作伴随状语）
翻译 贝多芬在乐队前面跳动了一个多小时,疯狂地在空中挥舞着双臂,疯狂地翻动着乐谱。
仿写 That young man walked out of the theatre，____________________.
那位年轻人唱着歌走出了电影院。
singing a song
2.It was not until Caroline Unger, one of the singers, took his arm and turned him to
face the audience that. .the great man realised his symphony was a success.（It is/was
not until...that...强调句）
翻译 直到其中一位歌手卡洛琳·昂格尔挽起他的手臂，让他面对观众，这位伟人才意识
到他的交响乐是成功的。
仿写 It was ______________________________________ he realised he had left his
key in the office.
直到他快到家的时候,他才意识到自己把钥匙忘在办公室了。
not until he almost reached his home that
细读课文，明确教材细节
Ⅰ.Read the passage on Pages 14-15 and put the following statements in time order.
A.At 54 years of age, he conducted his last symphony successfully.
B.In his twenties, he began to lose his hearing.
C.Beethoven was born in Germany.
D.In 1824, he composed his ninth symphony.
_______
CBDA
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Pages 14-15 carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What is Beethoven most famous as ( )
C
A.A pianist. B.A conductor. C.A composer. D.A singer.
2.Where was Beethoven born ( )
D
A.In Australia. B.In Italy. C.In Canada. D.In Germany.
3.What big challenge did Beethoven face ( )
A
A.He became deaf. B.He became blind. C.He became mad. D.He became lame.
4.How many musical works did Beethoven write ( )
B
A.More than 100. B.More than 130. C.More than 230. D.More than 300.
Ⅲ.Fill in the blanks according to the passage on Pages 14-15.
A MUSICAL GENIUS
His problems and 1. _____________ Beethoven began to lose his hearing in his twenties. But he didn't
give up and struggled with 2._________.He produced some amazing
pieces,including nine 3.___________, five piano pieces, and an
opera！
achievements
deafness
symphonies
A MUSICAL GENIUS
The performance of his last symphony Before Taking several years to write the piece,Beethoven
completed his 4.______ symphony in 1824. He
wondered how people would 5.________ when they
heard it for the first time. Before the
performance,Beethoven was afraid that the performance
would be a 6.________.
ninth
respond
disaster
续表
A MUSICAL GENIUS
The performance of his last symphony During Beethoven and Michael Umlauf 7.______________ the
orchestra. For more than an hour, Beethoven jumped
about in front of the orchestra, waving his arms
8._______in the air and madly turning the pages of his
score.
took charge of
wildly
续表
A MUSICAL GENIUS
The performance of his last symphony In the end The 9._________ jumped to their feet, clapping,cheering
and waving their hats. Beethoven didn't realise his
symphony was a 10.________ until Caroline Unger
took his arm and turned him to face the audience.
audience
success
续表
核心单词
知识点1 struggle n.奋斗 vi.奋斗；拼搏
（P14） Inspired by his struggles with deafness, the composer produced some amazing pieces, including nine symphonies, five piano pieces, and an opera!
受到与失聪斗争的启发,这位作曲家创作了一些令人惊叹的作品,包括九首交响曲、五首钢琴曲和一部歌剧!
知识拓展
struggle with/against 与……做斗争
struggle for 努力争取……；为……而斗争
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
struggle to do sth 努力做某事
endless struggle 奋斗不息
经典佳句
Though he fell down while running，he still struggled to his feet and continued to run.
尽管跑的时候摔倒了，他还是挣扎着站了起来，继续跑。
He has been struggling for success in his business.
为了事业的成功，他一直努力奋斗着。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）The struggle ____ equality will never end.
for
（2）He struggled ___ his feet from the chair.
to
（3）Though he was ill, he struggled _________ （finish） his task on time.
to finish
知识点2 proceed vi.行进；继续做
（P14）He proceeded with the composition until his death in 1827，writing more than 130 musical works， including his Symphony No.9 in D minor.
他继续创作，直到1827年去世，创作了130多部音乐作品，其中包括D小调第九交响曲。
知识拓展
proceed from 由……引起；起因于
proceed on/upon 继续前进；按照……行事；遵照……进行
proceed to 向……进发；进入（下一个议程）
proceed to do sth=proceed with sth 继续做某事
经典佳句
The talks proceeded in a friendly atmosphere.
会谈是在友好的气氛中进行的。
They will proceed to build another laboratory building.
他们将继续建造另一座实验楼。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）Great things proceed ______ small beginnings.
from
（2）In any inquiry, be careful to proceed ________ right principles.
on/upon
（3）He was allowed to proceed ___ the degree of Master of Arts.
to
知识点3 minor adj.（音乐）小调的；小的；次要的；轻微的 ＊minority n.少数；少数民族 ＊反：major adj.主要的；重要的；主修的；较多的 n.主修科目 vi.主修 ＊majority n.大半；大多数
（P14）He proceeded with the composition until his death in 1827， writing more than 130 musical works，including his Symphony No.9 in D minor.
他继续创作，直到1827年去世，创作了130多部音乐作品，其中包括D小调第九交响曲。
知识拓展
a （small） minority of 少数……
in a/the minority 占少数
a/the majority of ……的大多数
in a/the majority 占大多数
by/with a majority of 以多数……
经典佳句
There are some very minor changes in words and punctuation.
在用词与标点方面有一些轻微的变化。
The boy was treated for a minor head wound.
那个男孩因头部轻伤而接受治疗。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）British households who do not have a car are only in the _________ （minor）.
minority
（2）He won the seat ________a majority of 71 votes.
with/by
知识点4 respond vt.&vi回应；回复 ＊response n.回答；响应；反应 ＊respondent n.（尤指调查中）回答问题的人；被告
（P14）...Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time. ……贝多芬尽力想象当人们第一次听到这首乐曲时会有什么反应。
知识拓展
respond to 回答；回应；反应
respond that... 回答……
respond by doing sth 通过做某事做出回应
in response to 对……做出反应
make a quick response to 对……做出快速反应
经典佳句
We complained to the travel agency about the terrible service during our trip， but no one has responded by now.
我们向旅行社投诉旅行途中的糟糕服务，但是到现在还没有人对此做出回应。
She made no response to my question, which made me very angry.
她没有回答我的问题，这使我非常生气。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）The US responded ____ sending troops（军队） into the country.
by
（2）She has responded well ___ treatment.
to
（3）I am writing ___ response to your letter of June 12.
in
（4）Only 62 percent of ___________ （respond） said they were satisfied with the
new policy.
respondents
Ⅱ.同义句改写
（5）I invited her to dinner but she didn't say anything.
→I invited her to dinner but she _________________.
made no response
知识点5 hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇 ＊hesitation n.踌躇；犹豫
（P15）The audience did not hesitate to applaud loudly as the famous composer walked out onto the stage for the first time in 12 years.
当这位著名作曲家12年来第一次走上舞台时,观众毫不犹豫地大声鼓掌。
知识拓展
hesitate to do sth 犹豫做某事
hesitate about/over doing sth 做某事犹豫不决
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth 毫不犹豫地做某事
经典佳句
She's usually very shy，but she's generous and never hesitates to help others.
她通常很害羞，但她很慷慨，从不犹豫去帮助别人。
When I know he was in need of help, I gave him a hand without hesitation
当我知道他需要帮助时，我毫不犹豫地给予他帮助。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）He did not hesitate for a minute ________ （save） the drowning child.
to save
（2）I hesitated about _______ （take） his side until I knew the whole story.
taking
（3）Therefore， I recommend myself to you ________ hesitation.
without
（4）I hesitate _________ （spend） so much money on clothes.
to spend
知识点6 compose v.构成；组成；创作；作（曲）；写作 ＊composer n.创作者；作曲家 ＊composed adj.平静的；镇定的
（P15）The one person in the room who didn't hear the symphony—and never would—was the very man who composed it.
房间里唯一听不到交响乐的人——永远也听不到——正是创作交响乐的人。
知识拓展
be composed of=be comprised of=be made up of=consist of 由……组成
经典佳句
Mere facts do not compose a good book.
仅凭事实还不能构成一本好书。
Ten men compose the committee.
委员会由十人组成。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）The melody that ran through his brain was composed ___bad notes.
of
（2）The famous_________ is __________ a waltz __________of three parts.
（compose）
composer
composing
composed
Ⅱ.一句多译
（3）救援队由8个士兵和2个医生组成。
→The rescue team _______________ eight soldiers and two doctors.
→The rescue team _______________ eight soldiers and two doctors.
→The rescue team ___________ eight soldiers and two doctors.
→The rescue team ______________ eight soldiers and two doctors.
is composed of
is comprised of
consists of
is made up of
短语句式
知识点7 refer to 提到；谈到；查阅；参考；涉及；指的是
（P105）I think you're referring to the fact that performers often sing with very high voices.
我想你指的是表演者经常用高音歌唱。
知识拓展
refer...to... 把……提交给……
refer to...as... 把……当作……
for reference 便于查阅/参考
经典佳句
He had been well prepared for his speech so that he didn't refer to his notebook while delivering his speech.
他已经为他的演讲做了充分的准备，所以他在演讲时没有看笔记本。
I've attached a copy of my article to the letter-just for your reference
我在信里附了一份我的文章，仅供你参考。
融会应用
Ⅰ.写出下列句中refer to的含义
（1）I knew the lady was referring to Bill when she spoke of a bright young
man.________
指的是
（2）She referred to the last page of the book for answers.______
查阅
（3）These books refer to Asian problems.______
涉及
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）I don't want to __________________ an irresponsible doctor.
我不想把这个病人交给一个不负责的医生。
refer this patient to
（5）He ________________ a living Lei Feng.
他被称作一个活雷锋。
is referred to as
知识点8 in order to 为了（做）；目的是
（P105）In order to be heard over the crowds, the music had to be loud and performers had to sing in very high voices.
为了在人群中被听到,音乐必须很大声,表演者必须用很高的声音唱。
知识拓展
in order 整齐；秩序井然
out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障
经典佳句
They have to have a basic understanding of computers in order to use the technology.
为了使用这项技术，他们必须对计算机有基本的了解。
Our laboratory is kept in good order
我们的实验室保持得秩序井然。
易混辨析
in order that与in order to的用法辨析：
in order that 引导目的状语从句,从句中常有情态动词can/could/may/might等
in order to 意为“为了；以便”,后接动词，表示达到某个目的
融会应用
Ⅰ.用in order to/in order that填空
（1）I'll get up early ___________ be ready when you come.
in order to
（2）He hurried through his work ____________ he could catch the train.
in order that
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）He was as busy as a bee trying to put the house ________.
他为了把家里弄得整整齐齐,忙了好一阵子。
in order
（4）Your fridge is ____________.Why not have it repaired
你的冰箱坏了。为什么不请人修一修呢
out of order
知识点9 be regarded as 被视为
（P14）He is regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of music.
他被认为是音乐史上最伟大的作曲家之一。
知识拓展
regard...as... 把……视为……
in this regard 关于这一点
in/with regard to... 关于……
regardless of 不管；不顾
经典佳句
Science fiction cannot be regarded as mere entertainment, but in fact it tells the reader much more.
科幻小说不能仅仅被看成是娱乐,实际上它向读者表达了更多的内容。
Now we still regard him as a good friend of ours.
现在我们仍把他看作我们的一位好朋友。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）In regard ___ his work,we have no complaints.
to
（2）The Italians regarded him ___ a sort of hero.
as
（3）I have no advice for you _________ （regard） that problem.
regarding
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）Lu Xun ______________ one of the best writers in China.
鲁迅被认为是中国最好的作家之一。
is regarded as
（5）While you are against me, I _____________ one of the able men.
虽然你反对我,但我认为你是一个有能力的人。
regard you as
（6）_____________， at all times I stand together with the human.
在这一点上,我任何时候都是和人类站在一起的。
In this regard
知识点10 give up 放弃
（P14）Beethoven thought about giving up, but in the end he continued to write music.
贝多芬想过放弃,但最后他还是继续作曲。
知识拓展
give in 屈服；让步
give off 发出；放出（气味、热、光等）
give out 用完；耗尽；分发；发出（声音、光等）
give away 放弃；泄露；分发；出卖；赠送；捐赠
经典佳句
On the bus， the young man gave up his seat to an old lady.
在公共汽车上，年轻人把座位让给了一位老太太。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Don't gave ______ the end of the story.
away
（2）This is a very special flower and it can give ____ a fragrant perfume at night.
off
（3）The politician had to give ___ under pressure.
in
Ⅱ.翻译句子
（4）你在任何情况下都不应该放弃。
_____________________________
In no case should you give up.
知识点11 add...to... 把……加到……上
（P14）Writing the piece had taken several years, and now the final notes had been added to the score.
写这首乐曲花了好几年的时间,现在最后的音符已经被加到乐谱上。
知识拓展
add to添加；增添
add up to 总计;合计为
add that... 补充说……
经典佳句
The figures add up to 155.
这些数累计起来是 155。
The bad weather only added to our difficulties.
恶劣的天气只会增加我们的困难。
名师点拨
add up to一般不用于被动语态。如果add up的宾语是代词,要放在add与up之间。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）These fees add up ___ rather large sums.
to
（2）Do you have anything to add ___ the list
to
（3）You should add some details ___ your composition.
to
知识点12 after all 终究；毕竟
（P15）After all, what use is a conductor who could not hear his orchestra—even if he is a musical genius
毕竟,一个听不见自己的管弦乐队的指挥家,即使他是一个音乐天才,又有什么用呢
知识拓展
above all 最重要的是；首先
first of all 首先；第一
at all 根本；全然
not at all 一点也不
in all 总共；共计
all in all 总之；总的来说
经典佳句
No matter where you live or how old you get，there's always something new to learn about. After all， life is full of surprises.
不管你生活在哪里，你多大，总有新东西要学习。毕竟，生活总是充满惊喜。
Apparently the girls are not at all amused by the whole business.
显然，女孩们觉得整件事情一点也不好笑。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）He wasn't satisfied with what we said ______.
他对我们所说的话一点儿也不满意。
at all
（2）__________, the reasons above make me like the book best.
总而言之,以上原因让我最喜欢这本书。
All in all
（3）You shouldn't depend on your parents； ________，you have been over
eighteen and you should earn money by yourself.
你不应该依靠父母，毕竟你已经过十八岁了。你应该自己挣钱。
after all
知识点13 wish从句中的虚拟语气
（P13）I wish I knew more about them.
我希望我更多地了解它们。
知识拓展
句中wish后的宾语从句中使用了虚拟语气，表示对现在事实相反的假设。
（1）对将来发生的事情表示祝愿或愿望：主语+wish+从句主语+would/could/might/should+动词原形；
（2）表示与现在事实相反的愿望：主语+wish （that）+从句主语+动词过去式；
（3）对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔时：①主语+wish（that）+从句主语+would/could have+过去分词;②主语+wish （that）+从句主语+had+过去分词。
I wish I weren't leaving my son.
我希望我没离开我儿子。
—Beautiful day，isn't it
—Yes，I wish we could go to the seaside today.
——天气真好，不是吗？
——是的，我真希望我们今天能去海边。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）I wish I ______（know） his address.
knew
（2）I wish you __________（come） to my birthday party yesterday.
had come
知识点14 独立主格结构
（P15）But Beethoven continued conducting，his head buried in the score.
但是贝多芬把头埋在乐谱里，继续指挥。
知识拓展
在本句中， his head buried in the score是独立主格结构，用作伴随状语，转换成句子应为and his head was buried in the score。
独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。独立主格结构通常由“名词/代词+动词-ing形式/动词-ed形式/动词不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语”构成。动词-ing形式表示主动意义；动词-ed形式表示被动意义或动作已完成；动词不定式表示尚未发生或将要发生的动作。
The task well finished， we were given a prize.
任务圆满完成，我们得到了嘉奖。
He came into the classroom， book in hand.
他手里拿着书走进教室。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）Time __________ （permit），we can wander around the park.
permitting
（2）The trees are extremely tall，some __________（measure） over 90 metres.
measuring
（3）The problem _______ （solve）， the governor felt relaxed.
solved
（4）So much baggage ________ （carry）, I had to take a taxi.
to carry
构词法
英语的构词法主要有转化法、派生法和合成法。
探究点1 派生法
在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词。
1.前缀
常用来表示否定意义的前缀有dis-、 il-、 im-、 in-、 ir-、 mis-、 non-、 un-等,在单词前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。
appear出现→disappear消失
correct正确的→incorrect不正确的
lead带领→mislead误导
smoker抽烟的人→non-smoker不抽烟的人
2.后缀
后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成与原单词意义相近的其他词性的单词；少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原来词义相反的新词。
（1）构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence、 -（e）r / -or （从事某事的人）、 -ese （某地的人）、 -ess （雌性）、-ful（状态）、 -ian （精通……的人）、 -ist （专业人员）、 -ment （性质；状态）、 -ness （性质；状态）、-tion（动作；过程）等。
differ v.不同于→difference n.区别
write v.写→writer n.作家
Japan n.日本→Japanese n.日本人
act v.表演→actress n.女演员
mouth n.口→mouthful n.一口
music n.音乐→musician n.音乐家
（2）构成动词的后缀常用的有-（e）n （多用于形容词之后）、-fy （使……化）、-ize （使……成为）。
wide adj.宽的→widen v.加宽
beauty n.美→beautify v.美化
pure adj.纯的→purify v.净化；使纯净
organ n.器官；机构→organize v.组织
（3）构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al、 -able （有能力的）、 -（a）n（某国人的）、 -en （多用于表示材料的名词后）、 -ern （方向的）、 -ese（某国人的）、 -ful、 -（ic）al、 -ish、 -ive、 -less （表示否定）、 -like（像……的）、 -ly、 -ed、 -ing、 -ous、 -some、 -y （表示天气）等。
nature n.自然→natural adj.自然的
reason n.道理→reasonable adj.有道理的
America n.美国→American adj.美国的
China n.中国→Chinese adj.中国人的
gold n.金子→golden adj.金子般的
east n.东→eastern adj.东方的
child n.孩子→childish adj.孩子气的
snow n.雪→snowy adj.下雪的
（4）构成副词的常用后缀有-ly（主要用于形容词之后,表示方式或程度）、 -ward（s）（主要用于表示方位的词之后,表示方向）。
angry adj.生气的→angrily adv.生气地
east n.东方→eastward adv.向东
融会应用 单句填空
（1）Chinese New Year is a ___________（celebrate） marking the end of the
winter and the beginning of spring.
celebration
（2）Filled with _________（curious）, the artist packed his bags and left.
curiosity
（3）When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us
know of an interesting ___________（compete） to watch, together with the story
behind it.
competition
（4）Other American studies showed no _____________________（connect） between
uniforms and school performance.
connection/connections
探究点2 合成法
合成法是指把两个及以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词。常见的有下面两种形式:
1.合成名词
构成方式 例词
名词/形容词/介词/代 词/现在分词/动词+名 词 blackboard （黑板），weekend （周末），gentleman （绅
士），afternoon （下午），she-wolf （母狼），typewriter
（打字机）
名词/副词+动词 daybreak （黎明），outbreak （爆发）
名词+现在分词 handwriting（书法），sunbathing（日光浴）
构成方式 例词
名词+及物动词 + er/or painkiller （止痛药）
名词+介词+名词 editor-in-chief （主编）,mother-in-law （婆婆；岳母）
过去分词 + 副词 grown-up （成年人）
续表
2.合成形容词
构成方式 例词
名词+形容词 snow-white （雪白的），homesick（想家的）
名词/副词/形容词+现 在分词 English-speaking （讲英语的），hard-working （勤劳
的）,good-looking （相貌好看的）
名词/副词+过去分词 man-made （人造的）,well-known （著名的）, well-received
（受到欢迎的）
构成方式 例词
数词/介词 +名词 one-way （单行的），downhill （下坡的）
数词+名词+形容词 two-year-old （两岁的）
数词+名词+ed five-storeyed （五层的）
形容词+名词 high-class （高级的）
形容词+名词+ed noble-minded （高尚的）
形容词/副词+形容词 light-blue （浅蓝色的）,evergreen （常青的）
续表
融会应用
Ⅰ.把下列合成名词翻译成汉语
（1）snowfall ______
降雪
（2）highway ______
公路
（3）horse-riding ______
骑马
（4）daughter-in-law ______
儿媳
（5）take-off ______
起飞
Ⅱ.用合成形容词完成句子
（6）That's a ______________ （10米长的） stone bridge.
ten-metre-long
（7）They decided to have another _____________ （造纸的） factory set up in this
town.
paper-making
（8）There are more ___________ （新建的） houses in this village than in that
one.
newly-built
（9）Our English teacher is a _____________ （热心的）, honest and strict man.
warm-hearted
探究点3 转化法
英语中,有的动词可作名词,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法被称为转化法。
用法 举例
动词转化为名 词 Let's go out for a walk.
我们出去散散步吧。
Our builds are similar.
我们的体形相似。
用法 举例
名词转化为动 词 He backed his car into the garage.
他把车倒进车库。
We lunched at the White's.
我们在怀特家吃午饭。
形容词转化为 动词 Culture has furthered the advance of language.
文化促进了语言的发展。
The train slowed down to half its speed.
火车速度减慢了一半。
续表
用法 举例
形容词转化为 名词 The rich do not necessarily live a happy life.
富人并不一定生活得幸福。
She was dressed in blue.
她穿着蓝色衣服。
续表
融会应用 单句写作
（1）He __________________ through the crowd.
他用肩膀推开人群前进。
shouldered his way
（2）My father is a man ______________.
我的父亲是一个体格健壮的人。
of strong build
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.John is an________（athlete） boy. He is good at running.
athletic
2.A_________ （translate） is someone who changes writing or speech into a
different language.
translator
3.A couple of other books are_______（worth） of mention.
worthy
4.It is a physical____________（impossible） to be in two places at one time.
impossibility
5.The mad man looked annoyed and__________（friend）.
unfriendly
6.Any________________（misunderstand） can resolve itself into a quarrel.
misunderstanding
7.The play was__________（amusing） written, but its subject was a serious one.
amusingly
8.He applied for__________（admit） to the university.
admission
9.His work was criticized for its poverty of ___________（imagine）.
imagination
10.After arguing for hours, we finally reached a__________ （settle）.
settlement
11.Here, they have been using the sports__________（equip） offered from China.
equipment
12.I am not shy about talking to men I find_________（attract）.
attractive
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.________________________，we must have healthy bodies.
为了保证成功，我们必须要有健康的身体。
In order to ensure success
2.Her parents always _______________ the smartest of their children.
她的父母一直认为她是他们孩子中最聪明的。
regarded her as
3.They were forced to __________________ because they couldn't pay the mortgage.
他们被迫放弃他们的房子，因为他们付不起抵押贷款。
give up their home
4.Fish ___________________ when the water level drops in the lake.
当湖水水位下降时，鱼为生存而挣扎。
struggle for survival
5.Her colleagues' laughter only __________________________.
同事们的笑声只是增加了她的尴尬。
added to her embarrassment
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Beethoven was born in Germany. He is regarded 1.___ one of the greatest
composers in the history of music. Unfortunately, he 2._____ （lose） his hearing in
his twenties. He didn't give up, and continued to write music until his death in
1827.Beethoven produced some 3.________（amaze） pieces, including his Symphony
No.9 in D minor.
One day in February 1824, Beethoven's ninth symphony was 4._______ （final）
completed. Before the performance, Beethoven was afraid that the performance would
be 5.___ disaster. After all, he could not hear his orchestra—even if he is a musical
genius.
as
lost
amazing
finally
a
The audience did not hesitate 6.________ （clap） and cheer loudly as
Beethoven walked out onto the stage. For more than an hour, Beethoven jumped
about in front of the orchestra, 7.________ （wave） his arms wildly in the air, and
madly turning the pages of his score.
As the final, joyous note signalled the end of the symphony, the audience
jumped to their 8._____ （foot）, clapping, cheering and waving their hats. But
Beethoven continued 9.___________ （conduct）, his head buried in the score. It was
not until one of the singers took his arm and turned him to face the audience
10._____ Beethoven realised his symphony was a success. The audience was shocked,
most of whom had no idea that Beethoven was deaf!
to clap
waving
feet
conducting
that
Ⅳ.根据提示完成课堂小作文
彼特被他的同学认为是（be regarded as）一位了不起的歌手。他以唱流行歌曲而闻名（be famous for）全校。不幸的是在他20多岁的时候（in his twenties），他因车祸失去了双手（lose his hands）。他第一次（for the first time）陷入（be buried in）了悲痛之中。对他来说这好像是一个灾难（disaster）。但是，老师和同学们的鼓励增加（add to）了他战胜困难的决心。他毫不犹豫地（without hesitation）重新开始新的生活。大多数人不知道（have no idea）他为克服自身的残疾到底付出了多少艰辛。但是，他最终还是主宰了（take charge of）自己的命运，并且取得了成功。
参考范文
Peter is regarded as an amazing singer by his schoolmates. He is famous for singing popular songs in the whole school. It was unfortunate that in his twenties he lost his hands in a traffic accident. For the first time he was buried in bitterness. It seemed like a disaster for him. But the encouragement from his teachers and schoolmates added to his determination to overcome difficulties. He started a new life without hesitation. Most people had no idea how hard he overcame his disability. But finally he took charge of his own fortune and got success.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Unit 7 Section Ⅲ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
【学习目标】
1.通过分析课文,了解京剧这一艺术形式;了解音乐天才贝多芬的故事,形成面对困难的正确态度。(语言能力,文化意识)
2.通过分析课文结构,了解文本大意,培养略读和查读等阅读能力,培养分析长难句的能力。(学习能力)
3.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要词汇的基本用法。(语言能力)
4.通过对教材的理解,学会运用构词法。(语言能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
Ⅰ.基础单词
1. n.面具
2. vt.掌握;精通 n.大师;主人
3. v.提到;谈到
4. v.表演;演出
5. adv.否则;要不然
6. adj.复杂的
7. n.方面
8. n.天才
9. n.交响乐;交响曲
10. adj.(音乐)小调的; 小的;不是很重要的
11. vi.奋斗;拼搏 n.奋斗
12. vi.继续进行
13. n.单音;音调;音符
14. n.乐谱;比分;成绩
15. v.回应;回复
16. adj.紧张的;焦虑不安的
17. vi.犹豫;踌躇
18. n.主管;负责
19. vt.标志着;预示 n.标识
20. adj.宽阔的;广博的
答案 1.mask 2.master 3.refer 4.perform
5.otherwise 6.complex 7.aspect 8.genius 9.symphony 10.minor 11.struggle 12.proceed
13.note 14.score 15.respond 16.tense 17.hesitate 18.charge 19.signal 20.broad
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1. adj.女(性)的→ adj.男(性)的
2. n.情感→ adj.情感的
3. n.作曲家→ vt.作(曲);构成;写作
4. n.指挥家→ vt.指挥
5. adj.欢乐的;令人愉快的→ n.欢乐
答案 1.female;male 2.emotion;emotional
3.composer;compose 4.conductor;conduct
5.joyous;joy
构词规律
名词后缀:-er, -or,-ation
compose v.→composer n.创作者;作曲家 conduct v.→conductor n.(合唱队等的)指挥 hesitate v.→hesitation n.犹豫;疑虑
Ⅲ.一词多义
1.refer to查阅;涉及;提到;把……委托给;指的是
(1)Don't refer to that matter again, please.
(2)If you want to know his telephone number,you may refer to the telephone directory.
(3)I was not referring to her when I said so.
(4)The special patient was referred to a specialist for treatment.
2.charge n.& v.主管;充电;控告;(商品和服务所需的)要价;收费
(1)Ben will take charge of the company after his father retires.
(2)The restaurant charged me 10 dollars for the lunch.
(3)The young man was charged with stealing.
(4)The battery must be charged before use.
答案
1.(1)提到 (2)查阅 (3)指的是 (4)把……委托给
2.(1)n.主管 (2)v.(商品和服务所需的)要价;收费
(3)v.控告 (4)v.充电
Step 2 短语记诵
1.not hesitate to do sth
2.take charge of
3.broad smile
4.refer to
5.struggle with
6.jump to one's feet
答案 1.毫不犹豫做某事;尽管做某事 2.负责;控制
3.满面的笑容 4.提到;指的是 5.与……斗争 6.跳起来
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.For more than an hour, Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra, waving his arms wildly in the air, and madly turning the pages of his score.(动词-ing形式作伴随状语)
翻译 贝多芬在乐队前面跳动了一个多小时,疯狂地在空中挥舞着双臂,疯狂地翻动着乐谱。
仿写 That young man walked out of the theatre, .
那位年轻人唱着歌走出了电影院。
2.It was not until Caroline Unger, one of the singers, took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success.(It is/was not until...that...强调句)
翻译 直到其中一位歌手卡洛琳·昂格尔挽起他的手臂,让他面对观众,这位伟人才意识到他的交响乐是成功的。
仿写 It was he realised he had left his key in the office.
直到他快到家的时候,他才意识到自己把钥匙忘在办公室了。
答案 1.singing a song 2.not until he almost reached his home that
【合作探究】
语篇研读
细读课文,明确教材细节
Ⅰ.Read the passage on Pages 14-15 and put the following statements in time order.
A.At 54 years of age, he conducted his last symphony successfully.
B.In his twenties, he began to lose his hearing.
C.Beethoven was born in Germany.
D.In 1824, he composed his ninth symphony.
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案 CBDA
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Pages 14-15 carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What is Beethoven most famous as
A.A pianist. B.A conductor.
C.A composer. D.A singer.
2.Where was Beethoven born
A.In Australia. B.In Italy.
C.In Canada. D.In Germany.
3.What big challenge did Beethoven face
A.He became deaf. B.He became blind.
C.He became mad. D.He became lame.
4.How many musical works did Beethoven write
A.More than 100.
B.More than 130.
C.More than 230.
D.More than 300.
答案 1~4 CDAB
Ⅲ.Fill in the blanks according to the passage on Pages 14-15.
A MUSICAL GENIUS
His problems and 1. Beethoven began to lose his hearing in his twenties.But he didn't give up and struggled with 2..He produced some amazing pieces,including nine 3., five piano pieces, and an opera!
The performance of his last symphony Before Taking several years to write the piece,Beethoven completed his 4. symphony in 1824. He wondered how people would 5. when they heard it for the first time. Before the performance,Beethoven was afraid that the performance would be a 6..
During Beethoven and Michael Umlauf 7. the orchestra. For more than an hour, Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra, waving his arms 8. in the air and madly turning the pages of his score.
In the end The 9. jumped to their feet, clapping,cheering and waving their hats. Beethoven didn't realise his symphony was a 10. until Caroline Unger took his arm and turned him to face the audience.
答案 1.achievements 2.deafness 3.symphonies 4.ninth 5.respond 6.disaster 7.took charge of
8.wildly 9.audience 10.success
导学思路
1.寻读
寻读是一种从大量资料中寻找特定信息而对其他无关部分略去不读的阅读方法。
2.用寻读策略找主题句
(1)段落首句是主题句的规律
①给予例证、解释或说明的段落;
②下定义的段落;
③对两个或两个以上的事物做比较或对比的段落;
④表明原因和结果(往往结果交代在前)的段落。
(2)段落中间句是主题句的规律
段落特征:描述细节—提出主题—解释或提问。
(3)段落尾句是主题句的规律
段落特征:描述细节或交代论据—做出概括。
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 struggle n.奋斗 vi.奋斗;拼搏
(P14) Inspired by his struggles with deafness, the composer produced some amazing pieces, including nine symphonies, five piano pieces, and an opera!
受到与失聪斗争的启发,这位作曲家创作了一些令人惊叹的作品,包括九首交响曲、五首钢琴曲和一部歌剧!
知识拓展
struggle with/against 与……做斗争
struggle for 努力争取……;为……而斗争
struggle to one's feet挣扎着站起来
struggle to do sth努力做某事
endless struggle奋斗不息
经典佳句
Though he fell down while running,he still struggled to his feet and continued to run.
尽管跑的时候摔倒了,他还是挣扎着站了起来,继续跑。
He has been struggling for success in his business.
为了事业的成功,他一直努力奋斗着。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)The struggle equality will never end.
(2)He struggled his feet from the chair.
(3)Though he was ill, he struggled (finish) his task on time.
答案 (1)for (2)to (3)to finish
知识点2 proceed vi.行进;继续做
(P14)He proceeded with the composition until his death in 1827,writing more than 130 musical works, including his Symphony No.9 in D minor.
他继续创作,直到1827年去世,创作了130多部音乐作品,其中包括D小调第九交响曲。
知识拓展
proceed from 由……引起;起因于
proceed on/upon 继续前进;按照……行事;遵照……进行
proceed to 向……进发;进入(下一个议程)
proceed to do sth=proceed with sth 继续做某事
经典佳句
The talks proceeded in a friendly atmosphere.
会谈是在友好的气氛中进行的。
They will proceed to build another laboratory building.
他们将继续建造另一座实验楼。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)Great things proceed small beginnings.
(2)In any inquiry, be careful to proceed right principles.
(3)He was allowed to proceed the degree of Master of Arts.
答案 (1)from (2)on/upon (3)to
知识点3 minor adj. (音乐)小调的;小的;次要的;轻微的 *minority n.少数;少数民族 *反:major adj.主要的;重要的;主修的;较多的n.主修科目 vi.主修 *majority n.大半;大多数
(P14)He proceeded with the composition until his death in 1827, writing more than 130 musical works,including his Symphony No.9 in D minor.
他继续创作,直到1827年去世,创作了130多部音乐作品,其中包括D小调第九交响曲。
知识拓展
a (small) minority of 少数……
in a/the minority 占少数
a/the majority of ……的大多数
in a/the majority 占大多数
by/with a majority of 以多数……
经典佳句
There are some very minor changes in words and punctuation.
在用词与标点方面有一些轻微的变化。
The boy was treated for a minor head wound.
那个男孩因头部轻伤而接受治疗。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)British households who do not have a car are only in the (minor).
(2)He won the seat a majority of 71 votes.
答案 (1)minority (2)with/by
知识点4 respond vt.& vi回应;回复 *response n.回答;响应;反应 *respondent n.(尤指调查中)回答问题的人;被告
(P14)...Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time.
……贝多芬尽力想象当人们第一次听到这首乐曲时会有什么反应。
知识拓展
respond to 回答;回应;反应
respond that...回答……
respond by doing sth 通过做某事做出回应
in response to 对……做出反应
make a quick response to对……做出快速反应
经典佳句
We complained to the travel agency about the terrible service during our trip, but no one has responded by now.
我们向旅行社投诉旅行途中的糟糕服务,但是到现在还没有人对此做出回应。
She made no response to my question, which made me very angry.
她没有回答我的问题,这使我非常生气。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The US responded sending troops(军队) into the country.
(2)She has responded well treatment.
(3)I am writing response to your letter of June 12.
(4)Only 62 percent of (respond) said they were satisfied with the new policy.
Ⅱ.同义句改写
(5)I invited her to dinner but she didn't say anything.
→I invited her to dinner but she .
答案 (1)by (2)to (3)in
(4)respondents (5)made no response
知识点5 hesitate vi.犹豫;踌躇 *hesitation n.踌躇;犹豫
(P15)The audience did not hesitate to applaud loudly as the famous composer walked out onto the stage for the first time in 12 years.
当这位著名作曲家12年来第一次走上舞台时,观众毫不犹豫地大声鼓掌。
知识拓展
hesitate to do sth 犹豫做某事
hesitate about/over doing sth 做某事犹豫不决
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth 毫不犹豫地做某事
经典佳句
She's usually very shy,but she's generous and never hesitates to help others.
她通常很害羞,但她很慷慨,从不犹豫去帮助别人。
When I know he was in need of help, I gave him a hand without hesitation.
当我知道他需要帮助时,我毫不犹豫地给予他帮助。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)He did not hesitate for a minute (save) the drowning child.
(2)I hesitated about (take) his side until I knew the whole story.
(3)Therefore, I recommend myself to you hesitation.
(4)I hesitate (spend) so much money on clothes.
答案 (1)to save (2)taking (3)without (4)to spend
知识点6 compose v.构成;组成;创作;作(曲);写作 *composer n.创作者;作曲家 *composed adj.平静的;镇定的
(P15)The one person in the room who didn't hear the symphony—and never would—was the very man who composed it.
房间里唯一听不到交响乐的人——永远也听不到——正是创作交响乐的人。
知识拓展
be composed of=be comprised of=be made up of=consist of 由……组成
经典佳句
Mere facts do not compose a good book.
仅凭事实还不能构成一本好书。
Ten men compose the committee.
委员会由十人组成。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The melody that ran through his brain was composed bad notes.
(2)The famous is a waltz of three parts.(compose)
Ⅱ.一句多译
(3)救援队由8个士兵和2个医生组成。
→The rescue team eight soldiers and two doctors.
→The rescue team eight soldiers and two doctors.
→The rescue team eight soldiers and two doctors.
→The rescue team eight soldiers and two doctors.
答案 (1)of (2)composer;composing;composed (3)is composed of;is comprised of;consists of; is made up of
短 语 句 式
知识点7 refer to提到;谈到;查阅;参考;涉及;指的是
(P105)I think you're referring to the fact that performers often sing with very high voices.
我想你指的是表演者经常用高音歌唱。
知识拓展
refer...to... 把……提交给……
refer to...as...把……当作……
for reference 便于查阅/参考
经典佳句
He had been well prepared for his speech so that he didn't refer to his notebook while delivering his speech.
他已经为他的演讲做了充分的准备,所以他在演讲时没有看笔记本。
I've attached a copy of my article to the letter-just for your reference.
我在信里附了一份我的文章,仅供你参考。
融会应用
Ⅰ.写出下列句中refer to的含义
(1)I knew the lady was referring to Bill when she spoke of a bright young man.
(2)She referred to the last page of the book for answers.
(3)These books refer to Asian problems.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)I don't want to an irresponsible doctor.
我不想把这个病人交给一个不负责的医生。
(5)He a living Lei Feng.
他被称作一个活雷锋。
答案 (1)指的是 (2)查阅 (3)涉及 (4)refer this patient to (5)is referred to as
知识点8 in order to为了(做);目的是
(P105)In order to be heard over the crowds, the music had to be loud and performers had to sing in very high voices.
为了在人群中被听到,音乐必须很大声,表演者必须用很高的声音唱。
知识拓展
in order 整齐;秩序井然
out of order 次序颠倒;发生故障
经典佳句
They have to have a basic understanding of computers in order to use the technology.
为了使用这项技术,他们必须对计算机有基本的了解。
Our laboratory is kept in good order.
我们的实验室保持得秩序井然。
易混辨析
in order that与in order to的用法辨析:
in order that 引导目的状语从句,从句中常有情态动词can/could/may/might等
in order to 意为“为了;以便”,后接动词,表示达到某个目的
融会应用
Ⅰ.用in order to/in order that 填空
(1)I'll get up early be ready when you come.
(2)He hurried through his work he could catch the train.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)He was as busy as a bee trying to put the house .
他为了把家里弄得整整齐齐,忙了好一阵子。
(4)Your fridge is .Why not have it repaired
你的冰箱坏了。为什么不请人修一修呢
答案 (1)in order to (2)in order that
(3)in order (4)out of order
知识点9 be regarded as被视为
(P14)He is regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of music.
他被认为是音乐史上最伟大的作曲家之一。
知识拓展
regard...as... 把……视为……
in this regard 关于这一点
in/with regard to...关于……
regardless of 不管;不顾
经典佳句
Science fiction cannot be regarded as mere entertainment, but in fact it tells the reader much more.
科幻小说不能仅仅被看成是娱乐,实际上它向读者表达了更多的内容。
Now we still regard him as a good friend of ours.
现在我们仍把他看作我们的一位好朋友。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)In regard his work,we have no complaints.
(2)The Italians regarded him a sort of hero.
(3)I have no advice for you (regard) that problem.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)Lu Xun one of the best writers in China.
鲁迅被认为是中国最好的作家之一。
(5)While you are against me, I one of the able men.
虽然你反对我,但我认为你是一个有能力的人。
(6) , at all times I stand together with the human.
在这一点上,我任何时候都是和人类站在一起的。
答案 (1)to (2)as (3)regarding (4)is regarded as (5)regard you as (6)In this regard
知识点10 give up放弃
(P14)Beethoven thought about giving up, but in the end he continued to write music.
贝多芬想过放弃,但最后他还是继续作曲。
知识拓展
give in 屈服;让步
give off 发出;放出(气味、热、光等)
give out 用完;耗尽;分发;发出(声音、光等)
give away 放弃;泄露;分发;出卖;赠送;捐赠
经典佳句
On the bus, the young man gave up his seat to an old lady.
在公共汽车上,年轻人把座位让给了一位老太太。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Don't gave the end of the story.
(2)This is a very special flower and it can give a fragrant perfume at night.
(3)The politician had to give under pressure.
Ⅱ.翻译句子
(4)你在任何情况下都不应该放弃。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案 (1)away (2)off (3)in (4)In no case should you give up.
知识点11 add...to...把……加到……上
(P14)Writing the piece had taken several years, and now the final notes had been added to the score.
写这首乐曲花了好几年的时间,现在最后的音符已经被加到乐谱上。
知识拓展
add to添加;增添
add up to 总计;合计为
add that...补充说……
经典佳句
The figures add up to 155.
这些数累计起来是 155。
The bad weather only added to our difficulties.
恶劣的天气只会增加我们的困难。
名师点拨
add up to一般不用于被动语态。如果add up的宾语是代词,要放在add与up之间。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)These fees add up rather large sums.
(2)Do you have anything to add the list
(3)You should add some details your composition.
答案 (1)to (2)to (3)to
知识点12 after all终究;毕竟
(P15)After all, what use is a conductor who could not hear his orchestra—even if he is a musical genius
毕竟,一个听不见自己的管弦乐队的指挥家,即使他是一个音乐天才,又有什么用呢
知识拓展
above all 最重要的是;首先
first of all 首先;第一
at all 根本;全然
not at all 一点也不
in all 总共;共计
all in all 总之;总的来说
经典佳句
No matter where you live or how old you get,there's always something new to learn about.After all, life is full of surprises.
不管你生活在哪里,你多大,总有新东西要学习。毕竟,生活总是充满惊喜。
Apparently the girls are not at all amused by the whole business.
显然,女孩们觉得整件事情一点也不好笑。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)He wasn't satisfied with what we said .
他对我们所说的话一点儿也不满意。
(2) , the reasons above make me like the book best.
总而言之,以上原因让我最喜欢这本书。
(3)You shouldn't depend on your parents; ,you have been over eighteen and you should earn money by yourself.
你不应该依靠父母,毕竟你已经过十八岁了。你应该自己挣钱。
答案 (1)at all (2)All in all (3)after all
知识点13 wish从句中的虚拟语气
(P13)I wish I knew more about them.
我希望我更多地了解它们。
知识拓展
句中wish后的宾语从句中使用了虚拟语气,表示对现在事实相反的假设。
(1)对将来发生的事情表示祝愿或愿望:主语+wish+从句主语+would/could/might/should+动词原形;
(2)表示与现在事实相反的愿望:主语+wish (that)+从句主语+动词过去式;
(3)对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔时:①主语+wish(that)+从句主语+would/could have+过去分词;②主语+wish (that)+从句主语+had+过去分词。
I wish I weren't leaving my son.
我希望我没离开我儿子。
—Beautiful day,isn't it
—Yes,I wish we could go to the seaside today.
——天气真好,不是吗
——是的,我真希望我们今天能去海边。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)I wish I (know) his address.
(2)I wish you (come) to my birthday party yesterday.
答案 (1)knew (2)had come
知识点14 独立主格结构
(P15)But Beethoven continued conducting,his head buried in the score.
但是贝多芬把头埋在乐谱里,继续指挥。
知识拓展
在本句中, his head buried in the score是独立主格结构,用作伴随状语,转换成句子应为and his head was buried in the score。
独立主格结构,通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况,也可以表示时间、原因或条件。独立主格结构通常由“名词/代词+动词-ing形式/动词-ed形式/动词不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语”构成。动词-ing形式表示主动意义;动词-ed形式表示被动意义或动作已完成;动词不定式表示尚未发生或将要发生的动作。
The task well finished, we were given a prize.
任务圆满完成,我们得到了嘉奖。
He came into the classroom, book in hand.
他手里拿着书走进教室。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)Time (permit),we can wander around the park.
(2)The trees are extremely tall,some (measure) over 90 metres.
(3)The problem (solve), the governor felt relaxed.
(4)So much baggage (carry), I had to take a taxi.
答案 (1)permitting (2)measuring (3)solved (4)to carry
语法探究
构 词 法
英语的构词法主要有转化法、派生法和合成法。
探究点1 派生法
在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词。
1.前缀
常用来表示否定意义的前缀有dis-、 il-、 im-、 in-、 ir-、 mis-、 non-、 un-等,在单词前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。
appear出现→disappear消失
correct正确的→incorrect不正确的
lead带领→mislead误导
smoker抽烟的人→non-smoker不抽烟的人
2.后缀
后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成与原单词意义相近的其他词性的单词;少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原来词义相反的新词。
(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence、 -(e)r / -or (从事某事的人)、 -ese (某地的人)、 -ess (雌性)、-ful(状态)、 -ian (精通……的人)、 -ist (专业人员)、 -ment (性质;状态)、 -ness (性质;状态)、-tion(动作;过程)等。
differ v.不同于→difference n.区别
write v.写→writer n.作家
Japan n.日本→Japanese n.日本人
act v.表演→actress n.女演员
mouth n.口→mouthful n.一口
music n.音乐→musician n.音乐家
(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后)、-fy (使……化)、-ize (使……成为)。
wide adj.宽的→widen v.加宽
beauty n.美→beautify v.美化
pure adj.纯的→purify v.净化;使纯净
organ n.器官;机构→organize v.组织
(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al、 -able (有能力的)、 -(a)n(某国人的)、 -en (多用于表示材料的名词后)、 -ern (方向的)、 -ese(某国人的)、 -ful、 -(ic)al、 -ish、 -ive、 -less (表示否定)、 -like(像……的)、 -ly、 -ed、 -ing、 -ous、 -some、 -y (表示天气)等。
nature n.自然→natural adj.自然的
reason n.道理→reasonable adj.有道理的
America n.美国→American adj.美国的
China n.中国→Chinese adj.中国人的
gold n.金子→golden adj.金子般的
east n.东→eastern adj.东方的
child n.孩子→childish adj.孩子气的
snow n.雪→snowy adj.下雪的
(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly(主要用于形容词之后,表示方式或程度)、 -ward(s)(主要用于表示方位的词之后,表示方向)。
angry adj.生气的→angrily adv.生气地
east n.东方→eastward adv.向东
融会应用 单句填空
(1)Chinese New Year is a (celebrate) marking the end of the winter and the beginning of spring.
(2)Filled with (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
(3)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.
(4)Other American studies showed no (connect) between uniforms and school performance.
答案 (1)celebration (2)curiosity (3)competition
(4)connection/connections
探究点2 合成法
合成法是指把两个及以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词。常见的有下面两种形式:
1.合成名词
构成方式 例词
名词/形容词/介词/代词/现在分词/动词+名词 blackboard (黑板),weekend (周末),gentleman (绅士),afternoon (下午),she-wolf (母狼),typewriter (打字机)
名词/副词+动词 daybreak (黎明),outbreak (爆发)
名词+现在分词 handwriting(书法),sunbathing(日光浴)
名词+及物动词 + er/or painkiller (止痛药)
名词+介词+名词 editor-in-chief (主编),mother-in-law (婆婆;岳母)
过去分词 + 副词 grown-up (成年人)
2.合成形容词
构成方式 例词
名词+形容词 snow-white (雪白的),homesick(想家的)
名词/副词/形容词+现在分词 English-speaking (讲英语的),hard-working (勤劳的),good-looking (相貌好看的)
名词/副词+过去分词 man-made (人造的),well-known (著名的), well-received(受到欢迎的)
数词/介词 +名词 one-way (单行的),downhill (下坡的)
数词+名词+形容词 two-year-old (两岁的)
数词+名词+ed five-storeyed (五层的)
形容词+名词 high-class (高级的)
形容词+名词+ed noble-minded (高尚的)
形容词/副词+形容词 light-blue (浅蓝色的),evergreen (常青的)
融会应用
Ⅰ.把下列合成名词翻译成汉语
(1)snowfall
(2)highway
(3)horse-riding
(4)daughter-in-law
(5)take-off
Ⅱ.用合成形容词完成句子
(6)That's a (10米长的) stone bridge.
(7)They decided to have another (造纸的) factory set up in this town.
(8)There are more (新建的) houses in this village than in that one.
(9)Our English teacher is a (热心的), honest and strict man.
答案 (1)降雪 (2)公路 (3)骑马 (4)儿媳 (5)起飞 (6)ten-metre-long (7)paper-making
(8)newly-built (9)warm-hearted
探究点3 转化法
英语中,有的动词可作名词,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法被称为转化法。
用法 举例
动词转化为名词 Let's go out for a walk. 我们出去散散步吧。 Our builds are similar. 我们的体形相似。
名词转化为动词 He backed his car into the garage. 他把车倒进车库。 We lunched at the White's. 我们在怀特家吃午饭。
形容词转化为动词 Culture has furthered the advance of language. 文化促进了语言的发展。 The train slowed down to half its speed. 火车速度减慢了一半。
形容词转化为名词 The rich do not necessarily live a happy life. 富人并不一定生活得幸福。 She was dressed in blue. 她穿着蓝色衣服。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)He through the crowd.
他用肩膀推开人群前进。
(2)My father is a man .
我的父亲是一个体格健壮的人。
答案 (1)shouldered his way (2)of strong build
【随堂检测】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.John is an (athlete) boy.He is good at running.
2.A (translate) is someone who changes writing or speech into a different language.
3.A couple of other books are (worth) of mention.
4.It is a physical (impossible) to be in two places at one time.
5.The mad man looked annoyed and (friend).
6.Any (misunderstand) can resolve itself into a quarrel.
7.The play was (amusing) written, but its subject was a serious one.
8.He applied for (admit) to the university.
9.His work was criticized for its poverty of (imagine).
10.After arguing for hours, we finally reached a (settle).
11.Here, they have been using the sports (equip) offered from China.
12.I am not shy about talking to men I find (attract).
答案 1.athletic 2.translator 3.worthy
4.impossibility 5.unfriendly 6.misunderstanding
7.amusingly 8.admission 9.imagination
10.settlement 11.equipment 12.attractive
Ⅱ.单句写作
1. ,we must have healthy bodies.
为了保证成功,我们必须要有健康的身体。
2.Her parents always the smartest of their children.
她的父母一直认为她是他们孩子中最聪明的。
3.They were forced to because they couldn't pay the mortgage.
他们被迫放弃他们的房子,因为他们付不起抵押贷款。
4.Fish when the water level drops in the lake.
当湖水水位下降时,鱼为生存而挣扎。
5.Her colleagues' laughter only .
同事们的笑声只是增加了她的尴尬。
答案 1.In order to ensure success 2.regarded her as 3.give up their home 4.struggle for survival 5.added to her embarrassment
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Beethoven was born in Germany.He is regarded 1. one of the greatest composers in the history of music.Unfortunately, he 2. (lose) his hearing in his twenties.He didn't give up, and continued to write music until his death in 1827.Beethoven produced some 3. (amaze) pieces, including his Symphony No.9 in D minor.
One day in February 1824, Beethoven's ninth symphony was 4. (final) completed.Before the performance, Beethoven was afraid that the performance would be 5. disaster.After all, he could not hear his orchestra—even if he is a musical genius.
The audience did not hesitate 6. (clap) and cheer loudly as Beethoven walked out onto the stage.For more than an hour, Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra, 7. (wave) his arms wildly in the air, and madly turning the pages of his score.
As the final, joyous note signalled the end of the symphony, the audience jumped to their 8. (foot), clapping, cheering and waving their hats.But Beethoven continued 9. (conduct), his head buried in the score.It was not until one of the singers took his arm and turned him to face the audience 10. Beethoven realised his symphony was a success.The audience was shocked, most of whom had no idea that Beethoven was deaf!
答案 1.as 2.lost 3.amazing 4.finally 5.a 6.to clap 7.waving 8.feet 9.conducting
10.that
Ⅳ.根据提示完成课堂小作文
彼特被他的同学认为是(be regarded as)一位了不起的歌手。他以唱流行歌曲而闻名(be famous for)全校。不幸的是在他20多岁的时候(in his twenties),他因车祸失去了双手(lose his hands)。他第一次(for the first time)陷入(be buried in)了悲痛之中。对他来说这好像是一个灾难(disaster)。但是,老师和同学们的鼓励增加(add to)了他战胜困难的决心。他毫不犹豫地(without hesitation)重新开始新的生活。大多数人不知道(have no idea)他为克服自身的残疾到底付出了多少艰辛。但是,他最终还是主宰了(take charge of)自己的命运,并且取得了成功。
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参考范文
Peter is regarded as an amazing singer by his schoolmates.He is famous for singing popular songs in the whole school.It was unfortunate that in his twenties he lost his hands in a traffic accident.For the first time he was buried in bitterness.It seemed like a disaster for him.But the encouragement from his teachers and schoolmates added to his determination to overcome difficulties.He started a new life without hesitation.Most people had no idea how hard he overcame his disability.But finally he took charge of his own fortune and got success.
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