(共77张PPT)
UNIT 9 LEARNING
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
1.通过对教材的理解，了解重要词汇的基本用法。（语言能力）
2.通过导学案的套用，以练促学，巩固内化重要语言点，并学以致用。（学习能力）
3.通过对教材的理解，掌握接动词-ing形式或动词不定式作宾语的动词的用法。（语言能力）
1.______ vi.争论；争吵→_________ n.争论
argue
argument
2.________ vt.认为；假定；假设→___________ n.假定
assume
assumption
3.________ adj.灵活的；可变通的→________ adv.灵活地
flexible
flexibly
4.________ vt.促进；增进→__________ n.促进；增进
promote
promotion
5.________ adj.不大可能的→______ adj.可能的
unlikely
likely
6.__________ n.印象；感想→________ vt.给……留下深刻的印象→__________ adj
令人赞叹的；令人敬佩的
impression
impress
impressive
&1& 构词规律
名词后缀:-sion，-ence 否定前缀:un-
impress v.→impression n.印象 exist v.→existence n.存在 likely adj.→unlikely adj.不大可能的
fair adj.→unfair adj.不公平的
happy adj.→unhappy adj.不开心的
1.brush up （on） ____________
温习；复习
2.reflect ____ 思考
on
3.argue _____ 争吵
with
4.end ____doing最后；最终
up
5.work ____ 弄懂某事物；计算出
out
6.___ short总而言之；简单地说
in
7.attempt to ______
尝试
8.at the heart of... ______________
在……的中心
9.be based ____ ...以……为根据
on
1.If you find your inner voice difficult to control， you can argue with it as most
active learners do.（as引导方式状语从句）
翻译 如果你发现自己内心的声音难以控制，你可以像大多数积极的学习者那样与之争辩。
仿写 I'll behave toward them ___________________________.
我将以我想要别人对待我的方式去对待他们。
as I would like to be treated
2.If not， at least you have “listened to” another point of view.（if not省略结构）
翻译 如果不是这样的话，至少你有“听”另一种观点。
仿写 If you like it， just do it! _______， forget it!
如果喜欢，你就去做吧! 如果不喜欢，那就忘了吧!
If not
3.It is true that we cannot help disliking some people—this is human nature， after all.
（It is true that...）
翻译 确实，我们难免会讨厌某些人，毕竟这是人的本性。
仿写 Maybe _________ that we do not know what we have got until we lose it.
也许这是真的:直到我们失去自己所拥有的东西时，我们才会认识到它的珍贵。
it is true
核心单词
知识点1 approach n.方法；途径；接近；接洽 v.靠近；接近；接洽
（P50）What is your learning approach to it
你对它的学习方法是什么
知识拓展
at the approach of 在……快到的时候
an approach to doing sth 做某事的方法
be approaching 快到了
approach sb for/about sth 就某事与某人洽谈（商量、交涉）
经典佳句
Many birds fly south at the approach of winter.
冬季来临之时，许多鸟飞向南方。
He took a very scientific approach to management.
他采取了一种非常科学的管理方法。
名师点拨
表达“（做）某事的方法”有the approach to （doing） sth、the way to do/of （doing） sth、the means of （doing） sth、the method of （doing） sth。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）At the meeting they discussed three different approaches ___ the study of
mathematics.
to
（2）With Teachers' Day ____________ （approach）， our class decided to hold a
party to celebrate the important day.
approaching
Ⅱ.一句多译
如果你用这种方法做，你会成功的。
（3）If you do it ___________， you'll succeed.（way）
in this way
（4）If you do it ________________， you'll succeed.（method）
with this method
（5）If you do it ______________，you'll succeed.（means）
by this means
（6）If you do it ______________， you'll succeed.（manner）
in this manner
（7）If you __________________，you'll succeed.（approach）
adopt this approach
知识点2 assume vt.认为；假定；假设＊assuming conj.假如 ＊assumed adj.假定的；假设的 ＊assumption n.设想；假定；（责任的）承担；担任；（权力的）获得
（P52）Most people assume that the human brain is set on “automatic”...
大多数人认为人类的大脑是“自动运行的”……
知识拓展
assume...to be... 认为……是……；假定……是……
it is assumed that ...人们认为……
assuming that... 假定……（作状语）
make the assumption that... 假定……；做出……的假设
名师点拨
在英语中，有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的单词，实际上可直接用作介词或连词。这一类单词包括:supposing conj.“假设；如果”；provided/providing conj.“假设；如果”；given prep.“鉴于；考虑到”；considering prep.& conj.“鉴于；考虑到”；concerning prep.“关于；涉及”；including prep.“包括；包含”。
经典佳句
It is reasonable to assume （that） the economy will continue to improve， because he will assume the position of chairman and he makes the assumption that he will do well.
认为经济状况将继续好转是有道理的，因为他将担任主席，而且他认为自己能干好。
融会应用 用assume的适当形式填空
（1）The theory is based on a series of wrong ____________.
assumptions
（2）He was not such a fool as you _______________ him to be.
assumed/assume
（3）Don't take it seriously. It's only an _________ proposal.
assumed
（4）__________ that the idea is accepted，when are we going to get the money
Assuming
知识点3 reflect v.认真思考；表达（意见）；反映 ＊reflection n.映像；反射；反映；沉思
（P52）We need to train ourselves to be better learners—to actively take part in the learning process and to reflect on what we have learnt.
我们需要训练自己成为更好的学习者——积极参与学习过程并思考我们学过的东西。
知识拓展
reflect on/upon sth 认真思考；沉思
on/upon reflection 经再三思考
经典佳句
The light reflected from the water into my eyes. White clouds were reflected in the lake. Sitting by the lake， I was reflecting on what my mom said. On reflection，I decided to accept her suggestion.
光从水面反射到我的眼中。白云映照在湖中。坐在湖边，我在思考妈妈的话。经再三思考，我决定接受她的建议。
融会应用
Ⅰ.写出下列句中reflect的含义
（1）Her facial expression reflected how she really felt. _______
v.反映
（2）Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community. _______
v.表达
（3）Before I decide， I need time to reflect. _________________
v.认真思考；沉思
Ⅱ.单句填空
（4）His face _____________ （reflect） in the big mirror when he passed by.
was reflected
（5）Your clothes are often a _________ （reflect） of your personality.
reflection
（6）Spare some time to reflect ________ your future plans.
on/upon
（7）On _________ （reflect）， she decided to accept his offer after all.
reflection
知识点4 argue vi.争吵；争论 ＊argument n.争吵；争论；论点
（P53）If you find your inner voice difficult to control， you can argue with it as most active learners do.
如果你发现你内心的声音难以控制，你可以像大多数主动的学习者那样与之争辩。
知识拓展
argue with sb about/ over sth 就某事与某人争吵/争论
argue that... 主张……；认为……
argue for/against（doing） sth 据理力争/反对（做）某事
argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事
经典佳句
The workers argued with the boss for a few days，but failed to argue him into giving them a rise in wages because the boss argued against it.
工人们和老板争论了几天，但没能说服老板给他们加薪，因为老板反对。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）It was funny that the kids spent more time arguing __________ the rules than
playing the game.
about/over
（2）He argued _______ smoking，and thought that it is harmful to health.
against
（3）We argued her _____ joining us in playing tennis.
into
知识点5 promote vt.促进；增进；晋升；提升；推销 ＊promotion n.提升；晋级；促进；促销
（P53）Asking questions is the easiest way to promote active learning.
提问是促进主动学习的最简单的方法。
知识拓展
promote sb （from sth） to sth 把某人（从某职位）提升到某职位
promote sth to ... 把某物推销给……
经典佳句
You don't have to sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth.
你不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。
The meeting discussed how to promote this latest product.
这次会议讨论了如何推销这个最新的产品。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）Once I get a __________ （promote）， I'll be happy.
promotion
（2）While waiting for the opportunity to get _________ （promote）， Henry did
his best to perform his duty.
promoted
（3）Pupils who pass the test will be promoted ___ the next higher grade.
to
知识点6 attempt v.&n.尝试；试图；努力 ＊attempted adj.企图的；未得手的；未遂的
（P53）They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea.
他们尝试在每个观点最核心的地方寻找真相。
知识拓展
attempt to do sth 尝试（试图）做某事
make an attempt to do/at doing sth 尝试（试图）做某事
at the first attempt 首次尝试
图解释义
The team made an attempt to climb the mountain.
这支队伍试图攀登这座山。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）A man is being questioned in relation to the __________（attempt） murder
last night.
attempted
（2）She is accused of __________to cheat the taxman.
attempting
（3）Don't attempt______（do） so much in such a short time.
to do
知识点7 unlikely adj.不大可能的 ＊likely adj.可能的
（P53）Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely， there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth.
即使当一个想法听起来完全不可能时，其中可能有某个方面是基于事实的。
知识拓展
be unlikely/likely to do sth 不可能/可能做……
It's likely/unlikely that... 有/不可能……
It's most/very unlikely that... 极不可能……
经典佳句
It's most unlikely that she'll arrive before seven.
她极不可能在七点前到达。
名师点拨
表示“（某人）有可能做某事”还可用It is possible/probable that...或It is possible for sb to do sth等句型，其中probable表示的可能性大于possible。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）The more you hurry，the less progress you are likely _________ （make）.
to make
（2）___ is very likely that my parents will not allow me to go.
It
（3）Where there is a will， there is a way. So you are ________ （likely） to be
jobless for long.
unlikely
Ⅱ.句式转换
（4）这项工作不见得能按时完成。
The job is unlikely to be finished on time.
→_____________________________________________. （unlikely）
→____________________________________________. （likely）
It's unlikely that the job will be finished on time
It's likely that the job won't be finished on time
知识点8 exist vi.存在；生存；生活；实际上有 ＊existence n.存在；生存
（P53）So if someone says that dinosaurs still exist today， think about why they believe this.
所以如果有人说恐龙今天仍然存在，想想他们为什么相信这一点。
知识拓展
exist in 存在于……（=lie in）
exist on 依靠……生存； 依靠……生活
come into existence 开始存在；出现； 成立
in existence 存在的； 现存的； 现有的
经典佳句
There exists an old hospital at the corner， but no one knows when it came into existence
在拐角处有一家旧医院， 但没有人知道它是什么时候建成的。
名师点拨
exist是不及物动词， 不用于被动语态，且通常不用于进行时。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）No one knows when such a custom first came into _________ （exist）.
existence
（2）He finds it hard to exist ____ the money he's earning.
on
（3）There _______ （exist） an obvious conflict between the accounts of the
witnesses， so a judgment was not announced in court.
existed
知识点9 ignore vt.忽视；置之不理；不理会；不顾 ＊ignorant adj.对（某事物）不了解的；无知的 ＊ignorance n.无知；愚昧
（P53） They refuse to learn or ignore what is said because of who the speaker/writer is.
他们拒绝学习或因谁是讲话者或作者而忽视其所说的话。
知识拓展
be ignorant of/about sth 对……一无所知
be in ignorance of/about sth 对……无知/不了解
out of/through ignorance 出于无知
经典佳句
The design completely ignored the concept， because the designer was ignorant of it. His ignorance caused the company a great loss.
这个设计完全忽视了这个概念，因为设计师对此一无所知。他的无知给公司造成了巨大损失。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）I said hello to her，but she ________ （ignore） me completely.
ignored
（2）To say you were ignorant ________ the rules is no excuse.
of/about
（3）If he did wrong，it was only through __________ （ignore）.
ignorance
知识点10 impression n.印象；感想 ＊impress v.使铭记；使铭刻；给……留下深刻印象 ＊impressive adj.令人印象深刻的
（P53）Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings.
主动的学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感觉来判断人。
知识拓展
leave / make / create a（n）...impression on sb 给某人留下……的印象
impress...on... 把……印在……上
impress sb with...给某人留下印象
经典佳句
To leave a good impression in the interview， Bob told a most impressive story about himself，which made the interviewers really impressed
为了在面试中留下好的印象，鲍勃讲了一个关于他自己的最令人印象深刻的故事，这让面试官们印象深刻。
融会应用
Ⅰ.用impress的适当形式填空
（1）The phrase __________ her so much that she copied it down.
impressed
（2）What was so __________ about Jasmine Westland's victory was that she came
first in the marathon.
impressive
（3）I don't want to give the __________that I'm running away from the charges.
impression
Ⅱ.一句多译
她甜美的微笑深深地打动了我们。
（4）Her sweet smile ___________________.
impressed us deeply
（5）We _______________________ her sweet smile.
are deeply impressed by
（6）Her sweet smile _________________________ us.
made a deep impression on
短语句式
知识点11 end up doing 最后；最终
（P53） Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.
在你的观点上灵活些，最终你也许会同意这个讲话者或作者的观点。
知识拓展
end up 结束；告终
end up with 以……结束；以……告终
end up as 最后成为
经典佳句
Some people tried many ways to lose weight，ending up gaining weight again soon.
有些人尝试多种方法减肥，结果很快体重又增加了。
The lecture ended up with a poem by an ancient Chinese poet.
这次讲座以一首中国古代诗人的诗结束。
名师点拨
end up后面可以跟形容词、介词短语、动词-ing形式。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）They win no one's trust and will end up _______ （have） no friends at all.
having
（2）Stop spending so much，or you'll end up ___ a beggar.
as
知识点12 work out 想出（解决方法）；锻炼；计算出；找到……的答案；进展顺利
（P53）The answers will lead you to further learning，and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic.
答案将引导你进一步学习，而且问题的解决将帮助你对这个话题有更高层次的理解。
知识拓展
work at 从事；致力于；钻研
work for 为……工作；为……做事
work off 工作以偿债；发泄
work on 继续工作；影响；从事；致力于
work with 与……共事；与……合作
经典佳句
Negotiators are due to meet later today to work out a compromise.
谈判人员定于今天晚些时候进行会面以商定一个折中方案。
She needs to work on her interview techniques if she's going to get a job.
她如果想找到一份工作，就需要在面试技巧上下功夫。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）I hope with all my heart that things _________________.
我衷心希望你一切顺利。
work out for you
（2）I ____________________ for three years before I had enough money to go to
college.
我为我父亲工作了三年才有足够的钱上大学。
worked for my father
知识点13 be based on 以……为根据
（P53）Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely， there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth.
即使当一个想法听起来完全不可能时，其中可能有某个方面是基于事实的。
知识拓展
base...on/upon... 把……建立在……的基础之上
on the basis of 在……的基础上； 根据……
on a daily basis 每天
on a regular basis 定期地
经典佳句
The Chinese lunar calendar is based on the cycles of the moon， which is different from the Western solar calendar.
与西方的阳历不同，中国的农历是基于月亮的周期来确定的。
The Summer Olympics are held every four years on a regular basis.
夏季奥运会每四年定期举行一次。
易混辨析
base 和 basis的区别：
base多用来表示具体有形事物的“底部；根基”。
basis用来表示抽象无形的“基础；原因”。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）This novel ____________ the historical facts.
这部小说是以历史事实为根据的。
is based on
（2）I __________________ the news we had yesterday.
我的希望是以我们昨天所得到的消息为根据的。
based my hope on
（3）I go to the gym ________________.
我每天都去健身房。
on a daily basis
知识点14 brush up （on） sth 温习；复习
（P108）But I still need to brush up on some language points.
但是我还需要温习一些语言点。
知识拓展
brush up against 轻轻触到;遭遇
brush away 刷去;擦拭
brush off 刷掉;置之不理
经典佳句
I'll have to brush up my English before I go abroad.
出国前我要温习一下英语。
I had to brush away the tears from my eyes.
我不得不擦掉眼中的泪水。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）He said he had to __________________________ before the examination.
他说他得在考试前复习历史。
brush up （on） his history
（2）He ____________________________ recently.
最近他碰到了麻烦。
has brushed up against trouble
（3）I use one of my son's old toothbrushes and warm water to
___________________ on the coat.
我用我儿子的一把旧牙刷和温水刷去大衣上的灰尘。
brush away the dust
（4）Mud _________________ when it is dry.
泥巴干了容易被刷掉。
brushes off easily
知识点15 while用作并列连词
（P52）Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions， while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read.
你内心的声音表达你的个人观点，而外在的声音则从你所听到或所读到的内容来告诉你观点。
知识拓展
句中while用作并列连词，表示对比，意为“而；却”。
while还有以下用法:
（1）while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”，句中动词要用延续性动词。
（2）while可引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”，从句常置于主句前。
I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream.
我爱喝黑咖啡而他喜欢喝加奶油的黑咖啡。
He fell asleep while （he was） doing his homework.
他做作业时睡着了。
融会应用 写出下列句子中while的中文意思
（1）While I admit that there are problems，I don't agree that they cannot be
solved.____________
虽然；尽管
（2）While Mary was writing a letter，the children were playing
outside.____________
当……时候
（3）I like green tea while she prefers black tea.__________
然而；却
知识点16 as引导方式状语从句
（P53）If you find your inner voice difficult to control， you can argue with it as most active learners do.
如果你发现你内心的声音难以控制，你可以像大多数主动的学习者那样与之争辩。
知识拓展
句中的as引导方式状语从句，as的用法有：
（1）引导方式状语从句，意为“如同；按照……的方式”。
When in Rome， do as the Romans do.
入乡随俗。
Will you please do the experiment as I am doing
请你按我的方法做这个实验好吗
（2）引导时间状语从句，意为“随着……；当……的时候”。
You will grow wiser as you grow older.
随着年龄增长你会变得更聪明。
（3）引导原因状语从句，意为“因为；由于”。
She may need some help as she is new here.
她可能需要一些帮助，因为她是新来的。
（4）引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”，常用倒装。
Old as he is， he still jogs every day.
尽管他上了年纪，他仍然每天慢跑。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）_____________________________， I realized I had left my book in the
bookstore.
正当我到达校门口时，我意识到我把书忘在书店了。
Just as I got to the school gate
（2）_____________________， it is never too old to learn.
正如一句老话所说，活到老，学到老。
As an old saying goes
（3）__________________， he still failed to make both ends meet.
他虽然努力工作，但仍未能做到收支平衡。
Hard as he worked
（4）I was watching the clock all through the meeting，_______________________.
我开会的时候一直在看钟表，因为我要赶火车。
as I had a train to catch
知识点17 if not省略结构
（P53）If not， at least you have “listened to” another point of view.
如果不是这样的话，至少你有“听”另一种观点。
知识拓展
句中的If not为省略结构，意为“如果不是这样的话”。 与if not类似的结构还有:
if so 如果是这样的话
if any 即使有……
if ever 如果有过的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话
if possible 如果可能的话
融会应用 单句写作
（1）______， please respond to me as quickly as possible.
如果是这样的话，请尽快给我答复。
If so
（2）I might see you tomorrow._______， then it'll be Saturday.
我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天，那就是周六了。
If not
（3）___________， I wish to go there next summer.
如果可能的话，我希望明年夏天能去那儿。
If possible
（4）____________， please ring me at home.
如果有必要的话，请给我家里打电话。
If necessary
接动词-ing形式或动词不定式作宾语的动词
自主探究
阅读下列句子，注意黑体部分的用法。
1.Hearing the news， he couldn't help crying.
2.I practice playing the piano twice a week.
3.I consider waiting a bit longer before I give up.
4.We arranged to meet at the station， but she didn't turn up.
5.He decided to put an advertisement in the newspapers.
6.Bill applied to join the army last week， but he wasn't tall enough.
我的发现 有些动词后习惯跟_____________作宾语；有些动词后习惯跟
____________作宾语。
动词-ing形式
动词不定式
探究点1 接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词
有些动词（短语）后常用动词-ing形式作宾语:allow/permit、consider、suggest/advise、 finish、imagine、practice、enjoy、miss、prevent、 forbid、escape、 include、 forgive/pardon/excuse、 avoid、 can't help、 deny、 admit、 fancy、 keep、 mind、 risk、 can't stand、 feel like、 insist on、 delay/put off、 give up、 be busy、 be worth、 look forward to等。
You'd better finish doing your homework tonight.
你最好今晚完成家庭作业。
Would you mind doing me a favour
你介意帮我个忙吗
If my boss asks me to do such kind of thing any more， I'll give up working.
如果我老板再要我做这样的事，我就辞职。
I'm looking forward to seeing you.
我期待见到你。
The doctor advised taking more exercise.
医生建议多锻炼。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）He got well prepared for the job interview，for he couldn't risk _______ （lose）
the good opportunity.
losing
（2）We are considering ________ （make） a new decision.
making
（3）Our monitor suggested _______ （have） a discussion on the new holiday plan.
having
探究点2 接动词不定式作宾语的动词
英语中有些动词（短语）后接另一个动词作宾语时，该动词习惯上要用不定式形式，而不用动词-ing形式，这类动词有afford、 agree、appear、 arrange、 ask、 attempt、 choose、 decide、 expect、 fail、 help、 intend、 learn、 manage、 offer、 plan、 persuade、 pretend、 promise、 refuse、 seem、 long、 wish、 determine、 refuse、 want、 would like/love/prefer等。
接动词不定式作宾语的动词:
三个希望两答应:hope、wish、want、agree、promise
两个要求莫拒绝:demand、ask、refuse
设法学会做决定:manage、learn、decide
不要假装在选择:pretend、choose
融会应用 单句填空
（1）I expected ________ （meet） your friend，but my car broke down on the way.
to meet
（2）The flu is believed _____________ （cause） by viruses that like to reproduce
in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
to be caused
探究点3 接动词-ing形式或动词不定式作宾语且意思相近的动词
有些动词后跟动词-ing形式和不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多大区别。常见的有begin、start、intend等。
【注意】
动词need、 require、 want作“需要” 之意时，其后用动词-ing的主动形式或动词不定式的被动形式作宾语，这时动词-ing的主动形式表被动意义。
Your coat wants washing.= Your coat wants to be washed.
你的外套需要洗了。
融会应用 翻译句子
（1）这些花需要浇水。
______________________________________________________
The flowers need watering./The flowers need to be watered.
（2）这个老人需要人照顾。
____________________________________________________________________
The old man requires looking after./The old man requires to be looked after.
探究点4 动词-ing形式或动词不定式作宾语且意思不同的动词
有些动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语和动词不定式作宾语时含义不同:
forget doing sth忘记已做过某事
forget to do sth忘记要做某事
remember doing sth记得做过某事
remember to do sth记住要做某事
mean doing sth意味着做某事
mean to do sth打算做某事
regret doing sth后悔做过某事
regret to do sth遗憾要做某事
try doing sth尝试做某事
try to do sth努力做某事
can't help doing sth禁不住做某事
can't help （to） do sth不能帮忙做某事
融会应用 翻译句子
（1）他忘了给迈克打电话。
___________________________
He forgot to telephone Mike.
（2）他忘了今天早晨曾经给迈克打过电话。
______________________________________
He forgot telephoning Mike this morning.
（3）他努力把这件事做好。
_____________________
He tried to do it well.
（4）他试着用新方法做这件事。
______________________________
He tried doing it in a new way.
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.What questions does the passage make you reflect ____
on
2.But his ___________ （assume） proved to be wrong.
assumption
3.If you enjoy what you make a living at, you'll end up ______ （be） happy.
being
4.You can actively argue _____ your mind.
with
5.What was your first __________ （impress） of her
impression
6.___ short， it is important that we do not give up when working towards our goals.
In
7.I love what I do. If ____， I would force myself to.
not
8.___ is true that the project was completed in just one year.
It
9.Choosing the subject is ______ （base） on this background.
based
10.As time ______ （go） by， we knew more and more about ourselves.
went
Ⅱ.选词填空
brush up on；reflect on；argue with；work out；in short； attempt to； be based on； at the heart of
1.For some teachers，half of their rating ____________ how well their students do.
is based on
2.Amazingly， they ___________ how to do this successfully.
worked out
3._______________ the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: Are
immigrants good or bad for the economy
At the heart of
4.Take extra classes to ____________ the latest skills.
brush up on
5.The spy ____________ escape to a neighbouring country.
attempted to
6.I ____________ him for hours，but had to give up in the end.
argued with
7.As I waved goodbye to them，I ____________ the significance of what I had seen.
reflected on
8.________， being a good leader needs courage and practice.
In short
Ⅲ.单句写作
1.His wife doesn't ______________ inside the room and often advises him
___________________.
他的妻子不允许在室内吸烟，并且经常劝他戒烟。
allow smoking
to give up smoking
2.I'm looking forward to _________________ soon.
我期待着尽快收到你的来信。
hearing from you
3.Being ill for a few days， she doesn't feel like _______________.
她病了几天，什么也不想吃。
eating anything
4.Would you like _______________ with me
你想和我一起去购物吗
to go shopping
5.There have been fewer problems for travelers who _____________.
对于选择乘飞机的旅客来说，问题更少些。
choose to fly
6.Doing one thing well doesn't ____________ exactly one thing.
做好一件事情并不意味着仅仅做一件事情。
mean doingUnit 9 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要词汇的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化重要语言点,并学以致用。(学习能力)
3.通过对教材的理解,掌握接动词-ing形式或动词不定式作宾语的动词的用法。(语言能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
1. vi.争论;争吵→ n.争论
2. vt.认为;假定;假设→ n.假定
3. adj.灵活的;可变通的→ adv.灵活地
4. vt.促进;增进→ n.促进;增进
5. adj.不大可能的→ adj.可能的
6. n.印象;感想→ vt.给……留下深刻的印象→ adj 令人赞叹的;令人敬佩的
答案 1.argue;argument 2.assume;assumption 3.flexible;flexibly 4.promote;promotion
5.unlikely;likely 6.impression;impress;impressive
构词规律
名词后缀:-sion,-ence 否定前缀:un-
impress v.→impression n.印象 exist v.→existence n.存在 likely adj.→unlikely adj.不大可能的 fair adj.→unfair adj.不公平的 happy adj.→unhappy adj.不开心的
Step 2 短语记诵
1.brush up (on)
2.reflect 思考
3.argue 争吵
4.end doing最后;最终
5.work 弄懂某事物;计算出
6. short总而言之;简单地说
7.attempt to
8.at the heart of...
9.be based ...以……为根据
答案 1.温习;复习 2.on 3.with 4.up
5.out 6.in 7.尝试 8.在……的中心 9.on
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.If you find your inner voice difficult to control, you can argue with it as most active learners do.(as引导方式状语从句)
翻译 如果你发现自己内心的声音难以控制,你可以像大多数积极的学习者那样与之争辩。
仿写 I'll behave toward them .
我将以我想要别人对待我的方式去对待他们。
2.If not, at least you have “listened to” another point of view.(if not省略结构)
翻译 如果不是这样的话,至少你有“听”另一种观点。
仿写 If you like it, just do it! , forget it!
如果喜欢,你就去做吧! 如果不喜欢,那就忘了吧!
3.It is true that we cannot help disliking some people—this is human nature, after all.(It is true that...)
翻译 确实,我们难免会讨厌某些人,毕竟这是人的本性。
仿写 Maybe that we do not know what we have got until we lose it.
也许这是真的:直到我们失去自己所拥有的东西时,我们才会认识到它的珍贵。
答案 1.as I would like to be treated 2.If not
3.it is true
新知探究
解析教材
ACTIVE LEARNING
by Kevin Daum
Most people assume that the human brain is set on “automatic”—that means it learns all by itself.But this isn't always true.We need to train ourselves to be better learners—to actively take part in the learning process and to reflect on what we have learnt.These kinds of learning behaviours are called “active learning”.I suggest doing five things to take an active role in your learning.
主动学习
作者:凯文·道姆
大多数人认为人类的大脑是“自动运行的”——这意味着它可以自己学习所有的东西。但这并不总是真的。我们需要训练自己成为更好的学习者——积极参与学习过程并思考我们学过的东西。这些学习行为叫作“主动学习”。为了积极参与学习,我建议做五件事。
Listen to the outer voice
There are two kinds of voices: the inner voice and the outer voice.Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions, while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read.Although your inner voice can be useful(1), it can also get in the way of learning.If you keep paying too much attention to it(2), you risk missing important information. Instead, active learners are open-minded and focus on what the speaker/writer is saying, not on what their brain is saying in the background.(3) In this way, they are in a better position to make decisions.
听外在的声音
有两种声音:内心的声音和外在的声音。你内心的声音表达你的个人观点,而外在的声音则从你所听到或所读到的内容来告诉你观点。虽然你内心的声音可能是有用的,但它也会妨碍学习。如果你一直太关注它,你就有可能错过重要的信息。相反,积极的学习者思想开放,专注于讲话者或作者在说什么,而不是他们的大脑在后台说什么。这样,他们就能更好地做出决定。
【助读点拨】
(1)although引导让步状语从句。
(2)if引导条件状语从句。
(3)连接代词what引导宾语从句,作介词on的宾语。
_______________________________________________________________________________
Argue with your inner voice
If you find your inner voice difficult to control, you can argue with it as most active learners do.When your inner voice tells you a speaker/writer is wrong, think about why the speaker/writer may be right.Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.(4)If not, at least you have “listened to” another point of view.
与你内心的声音争论
如果你发现你内心的声音难以控制,你可以像大多数主动的学习者那样与之争辩。当你内心的声音告诉你一个讲话者或作者是错的时,想想为什么这个讲话者或作者可能是对的。在你的观点上灵活些,最终你也许会同意这个讲话者或作者的观点。如果不是这样的话,至少你有“听”另一种观点。
【助读点拨】
(4)此处是“祈使句+and+陈述句”句式。
Ask questions
Asking questions is the easiest way to promote active learning.When you get information from someone(5), from books or the Internet, ask two, three, even five questions about the topic.The answers will lead you to further learning, and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic.In short: Do not stop being curious.
提出问题
提问是促进主动学习的最简单的方法。当你从某人那里、从书本或互联网上得到信息时,问两个、三个甚至五个关于这个话题的问题。答案将引导你进一步学习,而且问题的解决将帮助你对这个话题有更高层次的理解。简而言之:不要停止好奇。
【助读点拨】
(5)when引导时间状语从句。
_______________________________________________________________________________
Get to the truth
Active learners do not accept everything they learn.They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea.Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely, there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth.So if someone says that dinosaurs still exist today, think about why they believe this.Where does the idea come from Do they have enough data to support their views If you try to find out the source of an idea, no matter how crazy it seems(6), you will increase your chance of learning something.
发掘真相
主动的学习者不会接受他们所学的一切。他们尝试在每个观点最核心的地方寻找真相。即使当一个想法听起来完全不可能时,其中可能有某个方面是基于事实的。所以如果有人说恐龙今天仍然存在,想想他们为什么相信这一点。这个想法是从哪里来的 他们有足够的资料支撑他们的观点吗 如果你试图找出一个想法的来源,不管这看起来有多疯狂,你将增加你学习一些东西的机会。
【助读点拨】
(6)no matter how 引导让步状语从句。
_______________________________________________________________________________
Focus on the message
Many people miss out on learning opportunities because they let their feelings get in the way.They refuse to learn or ignore what is said because of who the speaker/writer is.It is true that we cannot help disliking some people (7)—this is human nature, after all.But do not forget you can still learn from them.Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings(8).Instead, they separate the message from the messenger.This goes the other way as well—do not just assume that some people are always right because of who they are or just because they are your friends.
专注于信息
许多人错失了学习的机会,因为他们让自己的感情成为障碍。他们拒绝学习或因谁是讲话者或作者而忽视其所说的话。确实,我们难免会讨厌某些人,毕竟这是人的本性。但别忘了你仍然可以从他们身上学到东西。主动的学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感觉来判断人。相反,他们把信息和信息的传达者分开来。反之亦然,不要因为某些人的身份或者仅仅因为他们是你的朋友就认为他们总是正确的。
【助读点拨】
(7)it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的that从句。
(8)过去分词作状语。
核 心 单 词
知识点1 approach n.方法;途径;接近;接洽 v.靠近;接近;接洽
(P50)What is your learning approach to it
你对它的学习方法是什么
知识拓展
at the approach of 在……快到的时候
an approach to doing sth 做某事的方法
be approaching 快到了
approach sb for/about sth 就某事与某人洽谈(商量、交涉)
经典佳句
Many birds fly south at the approach of winter.
冬季来临之时,许多鸟飞向南方。
He took a very scientific approach to management.
他采取了一种非常科学的管理方法。
名师点拨
表达“(做)某事的方法”有the approach to (doing) sth、the way to do/of (doing) sth、the means of (doing) sth、the method of (doing) sth。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)At the meeting they discussed three different approaches the study of mathematics.
(2)With Teachers' Day (approach), our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day.
Ⅱ.一句多译
如果你用这种方法做,你会成功的。
(3)If you do it , you'll succeed.(way)
(4)If you do it , you'll succeed.(method)
(5)If you do it ,you'll succeed.(means)
(6)If you do it , you'll succeed.(manner)
(7)If you ,you'll succeed.(approach)
答案 (1)to (2)approaching (3)in this way (4)with this method
(5)by this means (6)in this manner (7)adopt this approach
知识点2 assume vt.认为;假定;假设 *assuming conj. 假如 *assumed adj.假定的;假设的 *assumption n. 设想;假定;(责任的)承担;担任;(权力的)获得
(P52)Most people assume that the human brain is set on “automatic”...
大多数人认为人类的大脑是“自动运行的”……
知识拓展
assume...to be... 认为……是……;假定……是……
it is assumed that ...人们认为……
assuming that... 假定……(作状语)
make the assumption that... 假定……;做出……的假设
名师点拨
在英语中,有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的单词,实际上可直接用作介词或连词。这一类单词包括:supposing conj.“假设;如果”;provided/providing conj.“假设;如果”;given prep.“鉴于;考虑到”;considering prep.& conj.“鉴于;考虑到”;concerning prep.“关于;涉及”;including prep.“包括;包含”。
经典佳句
It is reasonable to assume (that) the economy will continue to improve, because he will assume the position of chairman and he makes the assumption that he will do well.
认为经济状况将继续好转是有道理的,因为他将担任主席,而且他认为自己能干好。
融会应用 用assume的适当形式填空
(1)The theory is based on a series of wrong .
(2)He was not such a fool as you him to be.
(3)Don't take it seriously.It's only an proposal.
(4) that the idea is accepted,when are we going to get the money
答案 (1)assumptions (2)assumed/assume
(3)assumed (4)Assuming
知识点 3 reflect v.认真思考;表达(意见) ;反映 *reflection n.映像;反射;反映;沉思
(P52)We need to train ourselves to be better learners—to actively take part in the learning process and to reflect on what we have learnt.
我们需要训练自己成为更好的学习者——积极参与学习过程并思考我们学过的东西。
知识拓展
reflect on/upon sth 认真思考;沉思
on/upon reflection经再三思考
经典佳句
The light reflected from the water into my eyes.White clouds were reflected in the lake.Sitting by the lake, I was reflecting on what my mom said.On reflection,I decided to accept her suggestion.
光从水面反射到我的眼中。白云映照在湖中。坐在湖边,我在思考妈妈的话。经再三思考,我决定接受她的建议。
融会应用
Ⅰ.写出下列句中reflect的含义
(1)Her facial expression reflected how she really felt.
(2)Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community.
(3)Before I decide, I need time to reflect.
Ⅱ.单句填空
(4)His face (reflect) in the big mirror when he passed by.
(5)Your clothes are often a (reflect) of your personality.
(6)Spare some time to reflect your future plans.
(7)On (reflect), she decided to accept his offer after all.
答案 (1)v.反映 (2)v.表达 (3)v.认真思考;沉思 (4)was reflected (5)reflection (6)on/upon (7)reflection
知识点 4 argue vi.争吵;争论 *argument n. 争吵;争论;论点
(P53)If you find your inner voice difficult to control, you can argue with it as most active learners do.
如果你发现你内心的声音难以控制,你可以像大多数主动的学习者那样与之争辩。
知识拓展
argue with sb about/ over sth 就某事与某人争吵/争论
argue that...主张……;认为……
argue for/against(doing) sth 据理力争/反对(做)某事
argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事
经典佳句
The workers argued with the boss for a few days,but failed to argue him into giving them a rise in wages because the boss argued against it.
工人们和老板争论了几天,但没能说服老板给他们加薪,因为老板反对。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)It was funny that the kids spent more time arguing the rules than playing the game.
(2)He argued smoking,and thought that it is harmful to health.
(3)We argued her joining us in playing tennis.
答案 (1)about/over (2)against (3)into
知识点5 promote vt.促进;增进;晋升;提升;推销 *promotion n. 提升;晋级;促进;促销
(P53)Asking questions is the easiest way to promote active learning.
提问是促进主动学习的最简单的方法。
知识拓展
promote sb (from sth) to sth 把某人(从某职位)提升到某职位
promote sth to ... 把某物推销给……
经典佳句
You don't have to sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth.
你不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。
The meeting discussed how to promote this latest product.
这次会议讨论了如何推销这个最新的产品。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)Once I get a (promote), I'll be happy.
(2)While waiting for the opportunity to get (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
(3)Pupils who pass the test will be promoted the next higher grade.
答案 (1)promotion (2)promoted (3)to
知识点6 attempt v.& n.尝试;试图;努力 *attempted adj. 企图的;未得手的;未遂的
(P53)They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea.
他们尝试在每个观点最核心的地方寻找真相。
知识拓展
attempt to do sth 尝试(试图)做某事
make an attempt to do/at doing sth尝试(试图)做某事
at the first attempt 首次尝试
图解释义
The team made an attempt to climb the mountain.
这支队伍试图攀登这座山。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)A man is being questioned in relation to the (attempt) murder last night.
(2)She is accused of to cheat the taxman.
(3)Don't attempt (do) so much in such a short time.
答案 (1)attempted (2)attempting (3)to do
知识点7 unlikely adj. 不大可能的 *likely adj. 可能的
(P53)Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely, there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth.
即使当一个想法听起来完全不可能时,其中可能有某个方面是基于事实的。
知识拓展
be unlikely/likely to do sth 不可能/可能做……
It's likely/unlikely that... 有/不可能……
It's most/very unlikely that... 极不可能……
经典佳句
It's most unlikely that she'll arrive before seven.
她极不可能在七点前到达。
名师点拨
表示“(某人)有可能做某事”还可用It is possible/probable that...或It is possible for sb to do sth等句型,其中probable表示的可能性大于possible。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The more you hurry,the less progress you are likely (make).
(2) is very likely that my parents will not allow me to go.
(3)Where there is a will, there is a way.So you are (likely) to be jobless for long.
Ⅱ.句式转换
(4)这项工作不见得能按时完成。
The job is unlikely to be finished on time.
→ . (unlikely)
→ . (likely)
答案 (1) to make (2)It (3)unlikely (4)It's unlikely that the job will be finished on time;It's likely that the job won't be finished on time
知识点8 exist vi.存在;生存;生活;实际上有 *existence n.存在;生存
(P53)So if someone says that dinosaurs still exist today, think about why they believe this.
所以如果有人说恐龙今天仍然存在,想想他们为什么相信这一点。
知识拓展
exist in 存在于……(=lie in)
exist on依靠……生存; 依靠……生活
come into existence开始存在;出现; 成立
in existence存在的; 现存的; 现有的
经典佳句
There exists an old hospital at the corner, but no one knows when it came into existence.
在拐角处有一家旧医院, 但没有人知道它是什么时候建成的。
名师点拨
exist是不及物动词, 不用于被动语态,且通常不用于进行时。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)No one knows when such a custom first came into (exist).
(2)He finds it hard to exist the money he's earning.
(3)There (exist) an obvious conflict between the accounts of the witnesses, so a judgment was not announced in court.
答案 (1)existence (2)on (3)existed
知识点 9 ignore vt.忽视;置之不理;不理会;不顾 *ignorant adj. 对(某事物)不了解的;无知的 *ignorance n.无知;愚昧
(P53) They refuse to learn or ignore what is said because of who the speaker/writer is.
他们拒绝学习或因谁是讲话者或作者而忽视其所说的话。
知识拓展
be ignorant of/about sth 对……一无所知
be in ignorance of/about sth 对……无知/不了解
out of/through ignorance 出于无知
经典佳句
The design completely ignored the concept, because the designer was ignorant of it.His ignorance caused the company a great loss.
这个设计完全忽视了这个概念,因为设计师对此一无所知。他的无知给公司造成了巨大损失。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)I said hello to her,but she (ignore) me completely.
(2)To say you were ignorant the rules is no excuse.
(3)If he did wrong,it was only through (ignore).
答案 (1) ignored (2)of/about (3)ignorance
知识点 10 impression n.印象;感想 *impress v. 使铭记;使铭刻;给……留下深刻印象 *impressive adj.令人印象深刻的
(P53)Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings.
主动的学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感觉来判断人。
知识拓展
leave / make / create a(n)...impression on sb 给某人留下……的印象
impress...on...把……印在……上
impress sb with...给某人留下印象
经典佳句
To leave a good impression in the interview, Bob told a most impressive story about himself,which made the interviewers really impressed.
为了在面试中留下好的印象,鲍勃讲了一个关于他自己的最令人印象深刻的故事,这让面试官们印象深刻。
融会应用
Ⅰ.用impress的适当形式填空
(1)The phrase her so much that she copied it down.
(2)What was so about Jasmine Westland's victory was that she came first in the marathon.(3)I don't want to give the that I'm running away from the charges.
Ⅱ.一句多译
她甜美的微笑深深地打动了我们。
(4)Her sweet smile .
(5)We her sweet smile.
(6)Her sweet smile us.
答案 (1)impressed (2)impressive (3)impression
(4)impressed us deeply (5)are deeply impressed by (6)made a deep impression on
短 语 句 式
知识点 11 end up doing最后;最终
(P53) Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.
在你的观点上灵活些,最终你也许会同意这个讲话者或作者的观点。
知识拓展
end up 结束;告终
end up with 以……结束;以……告终
end up as 最后成为
经典佳句
Some people tried many ways to lose weight,ending up gaining weight again soon.
有些人尝试多种方法减肥,结果很快体重又增加了。
The lecture ended up with a poem by an ancient Chinese poet.
这次讲座以一首中国古代诗人的诗结束。
名师点拨
end up后面可以跟形容词、介词短语、动词-ing形式。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)They win no one's trust and will end up (have) no friends at all.
(2)Stop spending so much,or you'll end up a beggar.
答案 (1)having (2)as
知识点 12 work out想出(解决方法);锻炼;计算出;找到……的答案;进展顺利
(P53)The answers will lead you to further learning,and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic.
答案将引导你进一步学习,而且问题的解决将帮助你对这个话题有更高层次的理解。
知识拓展
work at 从事;致力于;钻研
work for 为……工作;为……做事
work off 工作以偿债;发泄
work on 继续工作;影响;从事;致力于
work with 与……共事;与……合作
经典佳句
Negotiators are due to meet later today to work out a compromise.
谈判人员定于今天晚些时候进行会面以商定一个折中方案。
She needs to work on her interview techniques if she's going to get a job.
她如果想找到一份工作,就需要在面试技巧上下功夫。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)I hope with all my heart that things .
我衷心希望你一切顺利。
(2)I for three years before I had enough money to go to college.
我为我父亲工作了三年才有足够的钱上大学。
答案 (1)work out for you (2)worked for my father
知识点 13 be based on以……为根据
(P53)Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely, there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth.
即使当一个想法听起来完全不可能时,其中可能有某个方面是基于事实的。
知识拓展
base...on/upon... 把……建立在……的基础之上
on the basis of 在……的基础上; 根据……
on a daily basis 每天
on a regular basis 定期地
经典佳句
The Chinese lunar calendar is based on the cycles of the moon, which is different from the Western solar calendar.
与西方的阳历不同,中国的农历是基于月亮的周期来确定的。
The Summer Olympics are held every four years on a regular basis.
夏季奥运会每四年定期举行一次。
易混辨析
base 和 basis的区别:
base多用来表示具体有形事物的“底部;根基”。
basis用来表示抽象无形的“基础;原因”。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)This novel the historical facts.
这部小说是以历史事实为根据的。
(2)I the news we had yesterday.
我的希望是以我们昨天所得到的消息为根据的。
(3)I go to the gym .
我每天都去健身房。
答案 (1)is based on (2)based my hope on
(3)on a daily basis
知识点 14 brush up (on) sth温习;复习
(P108)But I still need to brush up on some language points.
但是我还需要温习一些语言点。
知识拓展
brush up against 轻轻触到;遭遇
brush away 刷去;擦拭
brush off 刷掉;置之不理
经典佳句
I'll have to brush up my English before I go abroad.
出国前我要温习一下英语。
I had to brush away the tears from my eyes.
我不得不擦掉眼中的泪水。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)He said he had to before the examination.
他说他得在考试前复习历史。
(2)He recently.
最近他碰到了麻烦。
(3)I use one of my son's old toothbrushes and warm water to on the coat.
我用我儿子的一把旧牙刷和温水刷去大衣上的灰尘。
(4)Mud when it is dry.
泥巴干了容易被刷掉。
答案 (1)brush up (on) his history (2)has brushed up against trouble (3)brush away the dust (4)brushes off easily
知识点 15 while用作并列连词
(P52)Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions, while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read.
你内心的声音表达你的个人观点,而外在的声音则从你所听到或所读到的内容来告诉你观点。
知识拓展
句中while用作并列连词,表示对比,意为“而;却”。
while还有以下用法:
(1)while用作从属连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“当……时候”,句中动词要用延续性动词。
(2)while可引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然;尽管”,从句常置于主句前。
I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream.
我爱喝黑咖啡而他喜欢喝加奶油的黑咖啡。
He fell asleep while (he was) doing his homework.
他做作业时睡着了。
融会应用 写出下列句子中while的中文意思
(1)While I admit that there are problems,I don't agree that they cannot be solved.
(2)While Mary was writing a letter,the children were playing outside.
(3)I like green tea while she prefers black tea.
答案 (1)虽然;尽管 (2)当……时候 (3)然而;却
知识点 16 as引导方式状语从句
(P53)If you find your inner voice difficult to control, you can argue with it as most active learners do.
如果你发现你内心的声音难以控制,你可以像大多数主动的学习者那样与之争辩。
知识拓展
句中的as引导方式状语从句,as的用法有:
(1)引导方式状语从句,意为“如同;按照……的方式”。
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
入乡随俗。
Will you please do the experiment as I am doing
请你按我的方法做这个实验好吗
(2)引导时间状语从句,意为“随着……;当……的时候”。
You will grow wiser as you grow older.
随着年龄增长你会变得更聪明。
(3)引导原因状语从句,意为“因为;由于”。
She may need some help as she is new here.
她可能需要一些帮助,因为她是新来的。
(4)引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然;尽管”,常用倒装。
Old as he is, he still jogs every day.
尽管他上了年纪,他仍然每天慢跑。
融会应用 单句写作
(1) , I realized I had left my book in the bookstore.
正当我到达校门口时,我意识到我把书忘在书店了。
(2) , it is never too old to learn.
正如一句老话所说,活到老,学到老。
(3) , he still failed to make both ends meet.
他虽然努力工作,但仍未能做到收支平衡。
(4)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, .
我开会的时候一直在看钟表,因为我要赶火车。
答案 (1)Just as I got to the school gate (2)As an old saying goes (3)Hard as he worked (4)as I had a train to catch
知识点 17 if not省略结构
(P53)If not, at least you have “listened to” another point of view.
如果不是这样的话,至少你有“听”另一种观点。
知识拓展
句中的If not为省略结构,意为“如果不是这样的话”。 与if not类似的结构还有:
if so 如果是这样的话
if any 即使有……
if ever 如果有过的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话
if possible 如果可能的话
融会应用 单句写作
(1) , please respond to me as quickly as possible.
如果是这样的话,请尽快给我答复。
(2)I might see you tomorrow. , then it'll be Saturday.
我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天,那就是周六了。
(3) , I wish to go there next summer.
如果可能的话,我希望明年夏天能去那儿。
(4) , please ring me at home.
如果有必要的话,请给我家里打电话。
答案 (1)If so (2)If not (3)If possible (4)If necessary
语法探究
接动词-ing形式或动词不定式作宾语的动词
自主探究
阅读下列句子,注意黑体部分的用法。
1.Hearing the news, he couldn't help crying.
2.I practice playing the piano twice a week.
3.I consider waiting a bit longer before I give up.
4.We arranged to meet at the station, but she didn't turn up.
5.He decided to put an advertisement in the newspapers.
6.Bill applied to join the army last week, but he wasn't tall enough.
我的发现
有些动词后习惯跟 作宾语;有些动词后习惯跟 作宾语。
答案 动词-ing形式;动词不定式
探究点1 接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词
有些动词(短语)后常用动词-ing形式作宾语:allow/permit、consider、suggest/advise、 finish、imagine、practice、enjoy、miss、prevent、 forbid、escape、 include、 forgive/pardon/excuse、 avoid、 can't help、 deny、 admit、 fancy、 keep、 mind、 risk、 can't stand、 feel like、 insist on、 delay/put off、 give up、 be busy、 be worth、 look forward to等。
You'd better finish doing your homework tonight.
你最好今晚完成家庭作业。
Would you mind doing me a favour
你介意帮我个忙吗
If my boss asks me to do such kind of thing any more, I'll give up working.
如果我老板再要我做这样的事,我就辞职。
I'm looking forward to seeing you.
我期待见到你。
The doctor advised taking more exercise.
医生建议多锻炼。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)He got well prepared for the job interview,for he couldn't risk (lose) the good opportunity.
(2)We are considering (make) a new decision.
(3)Our monitor suggested (have) a discussion on the new holiday plan.
答案 (1)losing (2)making (3)having
探究点2 接动词不定式作宾语的动词
英语中有些动词(短语)后接另一个动词作宾语时,该动词习惯上要用不定式形式,而不用动词-ing形式,这类动词有afford、 agree、appear、 arrange、 ask、 attempt、 choose、 decide、 expect、 fail、 help、 intend、 learn、 manage、 offer、 plan、 persuade、 pretend、 promise、 refuse、 seem、 long、 wish、 determine、 refuse、 want、 would like/love/prefer等。
接动词不定式作宾语的动词:
三个希望两答应:hope、wish、want、agree、promise
两个要求莫拒绝:demand、ask、refuse
设法学会做决定:manage、learn、decide
不要假装在选择:pretend、choose
融会应用 单句填空
(1)I expected (meet) your friend,but my car broke down on the way.
(2)The flu is believed (cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
答案 (1)to meet (2)to be caused
探究点3 接动词-ing形式或动词不定式作宾语且意思相近的动词
有些动词后跟动词-ing形式和不定式作宾语均可,意义没有多大区别。常见的有begin、start、intend等。
【注意】
动词need、 require、 want作“需要” 之意时,其后用动词-ing的主动形式或动词不定式的被动形式作宾语,这时动词-ing的主动形式表被动意义。
Your coat wants washing.= Your coat wants to be washed.
你的外套需要洗了。
融会应用 翻译句子
(1)这些花需要浇水。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2)这个老人需要人照顾。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案 (1)The flowers need watering./The flowers need to be watered. (2)The old man requires looking after./The old man requires to be looked after.
探究点4 动词-ing形式或动词不定式作宾语且意思不同的动词
有些动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语和动词不定式作宾语时含义不同:
forget doing sth忘记已做过某事
forget to do sth忘记要做某事
remember doing sth记得做过某事
remember to do sth记住要做某事
mean doing sth意味着做某事
mean to do sth打算做某事
regret doing sth后悔做过某事
regret to do sth遗憾要做某事
try doing sth尝试做某事
try to do sth努力做某事
can't help doing sth禁不住做某事
can't help (to) do sth不能帮忙做某事
融会应用 翻译句子
(1)他忘了给迈克打电话。
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2)他忘了今天早晨曾经给迈克打过电话。
_______________________________________________________________________________
(3)他努力把这件事做好。
_______________________________________________________________________________
(4)他试着用新方法做这件事。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案 (1)He forgot to telephone Mike. (2)He forgot telephoning Mike this morning. (3)He tried to do it well. (4)He tried doing it in a new way.
【随堂检测】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.What questions does the passage make you reflect
2.But his (assume) proved to be wrong.
3.If you enjoy what you make a living at, you 'll end up (be) happy.
4.You can actively argue your mind.
5.What was your first (impress) of her
6. short, it is important that we do not give up when working towards our goals.
7.I love what I do.If , I would force myself to.
8. is true that the project was completed in just one year.
9.Choosing the subject is (base) on this background.
10.As time (go) by, we knew more and more about ourselves.
答案 1.on 2.assumption 3.being 4.with
5.impression 6.In 7.not 8.It 9.based 10.went
Ⅱ.选词填空
brush up on;reflect on;argue with;work out;in short; attempt to; be based on; at the heart of
1.For some teachers,half of their rating how well their students do.
2.Amazingly, they how to do this successfully.
3. the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: Are immigrants good or bad for the economy
4.Take extra classes to the latest skills.
5.The spy escape to a neighbouring country.
6.I him for hours,but had to give up in the end.
7.As I waved goodbye to them,I the significance of what I had seen.
8. , being a good leader needs courage and practice.
答案 1.is based on 2.worked out 3.At the heart of 4.brush up on 5.attempted to 6.argued with
7.reflected on 8.In short
Ⅲ.单句写作
1.His wife doesn't inside the room and often advises him .
他的妻子不允许在室内吸烟,并且经常劝他戒烟。
2.I'm looking forward to soon.
我期待着尽快收到你的来信。
3.Being ill for a few days, she doesn't feel like .
她病了几天,什么也不想吃。
4.Would you like with me
你想和我一起去购物吗
5.There have been fewer problems for travelers who .
对于选择乘飞机的旅客来说,问题更少些。
6.Doing one thing well doesn't exactly one thing.
做好一件事情并不意味着仅仅做一件事情。
答案 1.allow smoking;to give up smoking
2.hearing from you 3.eating anything 4.to go shopping 5.choose to fly 6.mean doing
2
