(共103张PPT)
UNIT 9 LEARNING
Section Ⅲ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
1.通过分析课文，了解人类大脑的记忆。（语言能力）
2.通过分析课文结构，借助关键词，在理解文章大意的基础上，找出段落主题句；用所学的词汇对课文进行复述。（学习能力）
Ⅰ.基础单词
1._______ adj.经典的
classic
2.________ n.策略；战略；规划
strategy
3.________ prep.超出……范围
beyond
4.___________ vt.推荐；建议
recommend
5.______ n.小说
novel
6._________ adj.充足的
sufficient
7.______ n.输入；投入
input
8._________ adv.通常；平常
normally
9.________ n.上下文；语境；背景
context
10.________ vt.学习；获得（知识、技能）
acquire
11._____ adj.奇特的
odd
12.__________ adj.& adv.遍及世界的；在全世界
worldwide
13.__________ n.童年；儿童时代
childhood
14.________ vt.& vi.出版；发表；刊登
publish
15.______ n.曲线；弧线
curve
16._______ adj.适时的；及时的
timely
17._____ n.细胞
cell
18.___________ adv.定期地
periodically
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1.__________ adj.简化了的→________ vt.简化
simplified
simplify
2.__________ adj.不熟悉的；不了解的→________ adj.熟悉的；了解的
unfamiliar
familiar
3.__________ vt.记住；熟记→________ n.记忆
memorise
memory
4.__________ adv.有效地→_________ adj.有效的
effectively
effective
5.____________ n.计划；安排→________ v.计划；安排
arrangement
arrange
6.__________ adj.情感上的；情绪上的→________ n.情感；情绪
emotional
emotion
7.__________ n.兴奋；激动→______ vt.使……兴奋；使……激动
excitement
excite
8.____________ adj.详细准确的；照片的；摄影的→___________ n.照片
photographic
photograph
9.______ adj.急剧的；猛烈的；尖的；锋利的→________ adv.急剧地
sharp
sharply
10._________ n.技巧；手法→_________ adj.技巧的；技能的
technique
technical
&1& 构词规律
名词后缀:-tion、-hood、-ment 副词后缀:-ly
reflect v.→reflection n.反射 child n.→childhood n.童年 excite v.→excitement n.激动 arrange v.→ arrangement n.安排 significant adj.→significantly adv.
显著地
periodical adj.→periodically adv.定
期地
1.be honoured to do sth ______________
很荣幸做某事
2.___ one way or another不管怎样
in
3.take it easy ________
放轻松
4.___ a result作为结果
as
1.This is because when we experience things for the first time， we often have strong
feelings of fear or excitement.（This is because...句式）
翻译 这是因为当我们第一次体验事物时， 我们通常会有强烈的恐惧或兴奋感。
仿写 _______________ the surface of the earth is not flat but round.
这是因为地球的表面是圆的而不是平的。
This is because
2.When remembering something new， try to connect it to our emotions.（状语从句的
省略）
翻译 当记住一些新的东西时，试着把它和我们的情绪联系起来。
仿写 _______________________， the little girl dropped her toy and rushed to her
mother.
一看到她妈妈，小女孩就丢下玩具向她妈妈跑去。
When seeing her mother
3.It is important to connect it with what we already know.（it作形式主语）
翻译 重要的是将其与我们已经知道的联系起来。
仿写 ___________________________ speaking more English.
多练习说英语是非常重要的。
It's very important to practice
Step 1 文本整体理解，关注布局谋篇
What's the main idea of the passage on Pages 58-59
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
The passage is mainly about the answers to some of the most common questions about memory.
Step 2 细读课文，明确教材细节
Ⅰ.Read the passage on Pages 58-59 and choose the best answers.
1.When remembering something new，try to connect it to ___.
C
A.our knowledge B.our experience C.our emotions D.our thoughts
2.Who can remember the first 22， 514 digits of pi （π） ( )
B
A.Stephen Wiltshire. B.Daniel Tammet.
C.Jemima Gryaznov. D.Hermann Ebbinghaus.
3.When does the sharpest loss of memory occur ( )
A
A.During the very early period after learning.
B.During the first three days after learning.
C.During the first week after learning.
D.During the first hour after learning.
4.How many brain cells do we lose every day by the age of 40 ( )
D
A.1，000. B.100，000. C.1，000，000. D.10，000.
Ⅱ.Fill in the blanks according to the passage on Pages 58-59.
THE SECRETS OF YOUR MEMORY
Questions about memory Answers
Why can I remember events in my childhood but not what happened last week We remember things that have strong connections in
our mind， especially 1.____________________.
Childhood memories are often very emotional. So it is
important to connect something new with what we
already know. Also， we can try to
2.________________________ to a few others， which
helps us remember them much better.
emotional connections
retell what we have learnt
THE SECRETS OF YOUR MEMORY
Questions about memory Answers
Do some people really have a photographic memory A person with a photographic memory could remember
every detail of a picture， a book or an event many
years later， but no one has proved that there are
people who really have 3._____________________. So
we simply need to focus on the important ideas and be
curious about what we learn when memorising
4.________________________.
photographic memories
detailed learning materials
续表
THE SECRETS OF YOUR MEMORY
Questions about memory Answers
Why do I forget the new words that I learnt yesterday This is 5._______ for many people. The sharpest loss
of memory occurs during the very early period after
learning. Therefore， one of the golden rules to
increase how much we remember is to 6._______ the
material periodically， especially during the first day
after learning.
natural
review
续表
THE SECRETS OF YOUR MEMORY
Questions about memory Answers
I'm 16， but I sometimes forget things. Is my memory getting worse Definitely not. Our memory reaches its 7.__________ at
the age of 25. After this age， however， the brain
starts to 8.___________. By middle age， our memory
is significantly worse than when we were young.
续表
full power
get smaller
核心单词
知识点1 simplified adj.简化了的 ＊simplify vt.使简化；使简易
＊simplification n.简化；简化的事物
（P56） My tip for learning English is to read simplified classic works because they can increase my knowledge of English beyond the classroom.
我对学习英语的建议是阅读简化过的经典作品，因为它们可以在课堂之外增加我的英语知识。
知识拓展
simplify matters 简化事情
a simplified version of... ……的简化版
make simplifications to... 对……进行简化
经典佳句
Last night，the president presented a shorter， simplified version of his speech.
昨晚，总统发表了一番更加简短明了的演讲。
Millions of people want new， simplified ways of interacting with a computer.
数以百万计的人们想要新的简化方式实现人机交互。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）This is a __________ （simplify） version of the story for young children.
simplified
（2）A number of ______________ （simplify） have been made to the taxation
system.
simplifications
Ⅱ.语境填空
（3）He __________ that formula. The _____________ made it look much ________，
and we can use it ____________.
他简化了那个公式。简化后的公式看起来更简单，我们可以更简单地使用它。
simplified
simplification
simpler
more simply
知识点2 memorise vt.记住；熟记 ＊memory n.记忆；记忆力；内存；存储器；回忆 ＊memorial n.纪念碑；纪念物 adj.纪念的；追悼的 ＊memorable adj.难忘的；值得纪念的
（P108） So what do you normally do to memorise new words
那么你通常会做什么来记住新单词呢
知识拓展
memorise a poem 记住一首诗
have a good/bad memory 记忆力好/差
have short memories健忘
in memory of/to the memory of为了纪念……
a memorial statue/prize 纪念像/奖
a lasting memorial to... 对……的永久纪念
经典佳句
Her deskmate challenged her to memorise 100 English words a day.
她的同桌向她挑战每天记住100个英语单词。
A film will be made in memory of those brave firefighters.
为了纪念那些勇敢的消防战士， 一部电影即将开拍。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）I still remember the ___________ （memory） time in high school.
memorable
（2）People have to __________ （memory） about 600 characters before they can
do even basic reading and writing.
memorise
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）（2023·兰州一中月考）The Dragon Boat Festival is
_____________________________ Qu Yuan， a poet in ancient China.
端午节是为了纪念中国古代的一位诗人——屈原 。
in memory of/to the memory of
知识点3 beyond prep.超出……范围 adv.在更远处；在另一边
（P56）Dr Smith's advice is to increase your knowledge of English beyond the classroom.
史密斯博士的建议是在课堂之外增长你的英语知识。
知识拓展
beyond belief 难以置信
beyond control=out of control 不受约束；不受控制
beyond description 无法描述
beyond one's power 超出某人的能力
beyond one's reach=out of one's reach 使某人够不到
beyond words 无法用语言表达
be beyond sb 使某人无法想象或理解
经典佳句
Put the medicine beyond children's reach.
把药放到孩子够不到的地方。
It's beyond me why she wants to marry Jeff.
我无法理解她为什么要嫁给杰夫。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）_____________________was the border territory.
山的那一边是边境地带。
Beyond the mountains
（2）Sweden is lovely in summer—cold_____________in winter.
瑞典的夏天非常宜人——冬天却冷得让人难以置信。
beyond belief
（3）The price of the house is well______________________，so we have to rent
one.
这栋房子的价格远远超出了我们能承受的范围，所以我们不得不租一个房子。
beyond/out of our range
知识点4 recommend vt.推荐；建议 ＊recommendation n.推荐；介绍
（P108）I would recommend that you try simplified classic literature， such as short stories and novels rewritten in simple English.
我建议你尝试一下简化的经典文学作品，比如短篇小说和用简单英语重写的小说。
知识拓展
recommend sth to sb 把某物推荐给某人
recommend sb as... 推荐某人为……
recommend doing sth 建议做某事
recommend sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
recommend that... 建议……
经典佳句
I would strongly recommend buying a quality bicycle rather than a cheap one.
我强烈建议买一辆质量好的自行车而不是一辆便宜的。
The teacher recommended that everyone （should） take an active part in the English party.
老师建议每一个人都应积极参加英语晚会。
名师点拨
后接宾语从句时，从句中谓语动词用“（should+）动词原形”的常见动词如下：
融会应用 单句填空
（1）He recommended the young man ___ our firm， and it is because of his
_______________ （recommend） that we have an excellent worker now.
to
recommendation
（2）His father strongly recommended ________ （send） him to the school in
England.
sending
（3）Doctors strongly recommend that fathers ______________ （be） present at
their babies' birth.
（should） be
（4）He recommended me __________ （change） my way of life.
to change
（5）I'll recommend him ___ our guide.
as
知识点5 acquire vt.学习；获得（知识、技能） ＊acquirement n.取得；获得
（P109）Very slowly， you will start to acquire the rules and use them without thinking.
慢慢地，你会开始掌握这些规则并不假思索地使用它们。
知识拓展
acquire a good knowledge of 学会；精通
acquire a taste for... 开始喜欢……
acquire a reputation 获得名声
an acquired taste养成的爱好
经典佳句
It took him a long time to acquire the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
他花了很长时间才掌握了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需要的技能。
易混辨析
acquire 多用于通过不断地“学、问”等慢慢地获取学问、技术等较抽象的东西
obtain 表示经过相当长的时间或经过很大的努力， 获得期望已久的东西
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Only when you have acquired a good knowledge ___ grammar can you write
correctly.
of
（2）He has recently acquired a taste ____ chocolate.
for
（3）Abstract art is an _________ （acquire） taste.
acquired
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）Meanwhile， they exchange ideas and feelings with each other， through which
they probably______________________.
与此同时， 他们彼此交流思想和感情， 这样他们可能获得更多的知识。
acquire more knowledge
知识点6 arrangement n.计划；安排 ＊arrange v.安排；整理；改编
（P58）facts and arrangements
事实和安排
知识拓展
make arrangements for 安排
arrange sth 整理；布置；安排
arrange to do sth 安排做某事
arrange sth for sb 为某人安排某事
arrange for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事
经典佳句
We have arranged a special dinner for the guests， and we hope the arrangement will be accepted.
我们为客人安排了一顿特别的晚餐， 我们希望这个安排会被接受。
名师点拨
（1）表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange for sb to do sth，而不用arrange sb to do sth。
（2）make arrangements for sth中的arrangement常用复数形式。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）I've been quite busy _________ （arrange） my holiday with my older brother.
arranging
（2）He arranged ____ me to go down to London one day a week.
for
（3）The local newspaper made ____________ （arrange） for an interview with
Professor Stein.
arrangements
知识点7 excitement n.激动；兴奋 ＊excite vt.使激动；使兴奋 ＊excited adj.兴奋的；激动的 ＊exciting adj.令人兴奋的
（P58） This is because when we experience things for the first time， we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.
这是因为当我们第一次体验事物时，我们通常会有强烈的恐惧或兴奋感。
知识拓展
with/in excitement 激动地
be excited at/about/by... 对……感到激动/兴奋
be excited to do sth 对做某事感到兴奋
经典佳句
The children were excited about opening their presents.
孩子们对打开礼物感到兴奋不已。
He was very excited to be asked to play for Wales.
入选威尔士队使他非常兴奋。
名师点拨
excited意为“兴奋的；激动的”， 是人因外物影响而产生的一种状态； exciting表示“令人激动的”， 是事物本身的性质。有时也可以用excited来描述与人有关的事物， 如excited look/expression等。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）We are all excited ___________ your success in the experiment.
at/about/by
（2）The boys were running in __________ （excite）.
excitement
（3）I've got an ________ （excite） job， which makes me very happy.
exciting
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）His playing was technically brilliant， but_________________.
他的演奏技巧娴熟， 但无法让我兴奋起来。
it didn't excite me
（5）On arriving in China， Tracy ________________， and everything appeared
wonderful.
刚到中国的时候，Tracy会感到很兴奋，而且一切都显得那么美妙。
felt very excited
知识点8 sharp adj.急剧的；猛烈的；尖的；锋利的；敏锐的 ＊sharply adv.急剧地；猛烈地；严厉的 ＊sharpen vt.削尖；使变锋利
（P59）According to him，the sharpest loss of memory occurs during the very early period after learning.
据他说，最显著的遗忘出现在学习后的早期。
知识拓展
sharp criticism 尖锐的批评
a sharp turn to the left 向左急转弯
be sharp with sb对某人严厉
经典佳句
With a sharp knife，make diagonal slashes in the chicken breast.
用锋利的刀斜着切开鸡胸脯。
It was very sharp of you to see that!
你能看到这一点，很有洞察力！
融会应用 单句填空
（1）The report was ________ （sharp） critical of the police.
sharply
（2）The lead broke on this pencil，so I have to ________ （sharp） it.
sharpen
（3）He was very sharp _____ me when I was late.
with
短语句式
知识点9 be honoured to do sth 很荣幸做某事
（P109）Today， we're honoured to have two special guests with us to tell us about this.
今天，我们很荣幸有两位特别的客人和我们一起谈论这件事。
知识拓展
in honour of 为纪念；为庆祝
sb be/feel honoured to do sth=it is/was an honour for sb to do sth某人很荣幸做某事
be honoured with 被授予
honour sb with 给予某人（荣誉）
经典佳句
His parents felt it a great honour to be asked to speak at the meeting held in honour of the school's birthday.
他的父母被邀请在校庆上发言，他们为此深感荣幸。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）A ceremony was held in honour ___ those who had lost their lives in the war.
of
（2）I have the honour __________ （inform） you that you have got the first.
to inform
（3）It's an honour ______________ （select） to this band.
to be selected
（4）I was honoured ________ （meet） many famous players.
to meet
知识点10 as a result 结果；因此
（P58）As a result， we remember them much better， as retelling events helps fix experiences in our memories.
因此，我们能更好地记住它们，因为复述事件有助于巩固我们自己的记忆。
知识拓展
as a result of 因为；由于
result in 导致；造成
result from 由……引起
经典佳句
He got up very late today. As a result， he missed the first bus.
他今天起得很晚，结果没赶上第一趟班车。
People have better access to health care than they used to， and they're living longer as a result.
人们有了比过去更便捷的医疗服务， 因此， 人们的寿命更长了。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句写作
（1）The train was delayed _____________ the heavy rain.
由于大雨，火车晚点了。
as a result of
（2）___________， we have to water the vegetable garden.
因此，我们不得不给菜地浇水。
As a result
Ⅱ.一句多译
普遍认为他是因为过度劳累而得了癌症。
（3）It's generally believed that his cancer _____________ the overfull tiredness.
resulted from
（4）It's generally believed that the overfull tiredness ___________ his cancer.
resulted in
（5）It's generally believed that he suffered from cancer _____________ the overfull
tiredness.
as a result of
知识点11 take it easy 放轻松
（P60）So take it easy.
所以放轻松。
知识拓展
take one's time 别着急；慢慢来
take sth seriously 重视某事；严肃对待某事
take...for granted 认为……理所当然
take...as... 把……当作……
经典佳句
Take it easy. There must be no problem with that. I believe you can make it.
别紧张，那肯定没有什么问题。我相信你一定能成功。
I don't have any work today， so I'm just going to take it easy.
今天我没有工作要做，所以我打算放松点。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）____________.You'll feel better soon.
放轻松点。你很快就会觉得好点了。
Take it easy
（2）They ______________________ and are praised by their boss.
他们认真对待工作，并受到老板的表扬。
take their jobs seriously
（3）_______________.We've got plenty of time.
别急，我们有的是时间。
Take your time
（4）_____________________________that our parents can give us everything we
need.
我们不应想当然地以为父母能提供我们所需要的一切。
We shouldn't take it for granted
知识点12 This is because...
（P58）This is because when we experience things for the first time， we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.
这是因为当我们第一次体验事物时，我们通常会有强烈的恐惧或兴奋感。
知识拓展
句中的This is because...意为“这是因为……”，其中because引导的从句在句中作表语，This有时可用It/That替换，指代上文提到的事实。其他相关句型:
（1）This/That is why...这/那就是……的原因（why引导表语从句）
（2）The reason why...is that...……的原因是……（why引导定语从句；that引导表语从句）
（3）The reason that/which...is that...……的理由是……（that/which引导定语从句；that引导表语从句）
融会应用 单句填空
（1）Lily overslept this morning. That was _____ she was late for work.
why
（2）He has heart disease. That was ________ he has been smoking too much.
because
（3）The reason _____ he was late for the meeting was _____ he was held up by a
traffic jam during the rush hour.
why
that
知识点13 “It is+adj.+ to do ...”句型
（P60）It is important to connect it with what we already know.
把它与我们已知的事物联系起来是很重要的。
知识拓展
句中的It is important to connect...为“It is+adj.+ to do ...”句型，其中It为形式主语，而不定式短语 to connect ...为真正的主语。 该句型可以拓展为两种形式：
（1）It is+adj.+（ for sb） to do sth，意为“（对某人来说）做某事是……的”，此句型中的形容词是修饰某件事而不是修饰人的，如difficult、easy、 hard、 important、 necessary、 possible等。
It is easy for people to catch sight of the flying plane.
人们看见飞行中的飞机是很容易的。
It is illegal for anyone to drive a car without a license.
在没有驾照的情况下，任何人开车都是不合法的。
（2）It is+adj.+（of sb） to do sth，意为“（某人）做某事是……的”，此句型中的形容词是修饰人而不是修饰某件事的，如kind、 brave、 clever、 stupid、 nice、 good、 silly、 careful、 naughty等。
It is clever of you to say so!
你这样说可真聪明!
It's very careless of you to always make mistakes.
你总是犯错误，真是太粗心了。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）It is difficult ___________ （persuade） her to tell the truth.
to persuade
（2）It is hard ____ me to finish the work today.
for
（3）It is very clever ___ you to work out this question.
of
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）________________________________ in the river.
对于孩子们来说，在河里游泳是危险的。
It's dangerous for children to swim
（5）_______________________ him with his English.
你帮他补习英语，真是太好了。
It is nice of you to help
主谓一致
自主探究
阅读下列句子，注意黑体部分的用法。
1.The Greens are shopping in the mall.
2.Thirty years is a long time.
3.What we need is more money， but what they need are books.
4.My father， as well as my mother， is working on the farm.
5.20% of the students are fond of swimming.
6.The number of people travelling in China this year is larger than last year.
我的发现 以上句子中谓语动词在人称和数上与主语保持一致。表示时间、距离、
长度的复数名词作主语时，通常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用______形式。what引导
的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于作______的名词的单复数。
单数
表语
探究点1 主谓一致的概念及基本原则
所谓主谓一致就是指在句子中谓语动词必须在人称和数上与主语保持一致。主谓一致涉及三个基本原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1.语法一致。语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系，主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；反之，谓语动词用复数形式。
And， even if I wasn't interested in free credits， news about our instructor was appealing enough to me.
而且，即使我对免费学分不感兴趣，关于我们老师的消息对我也有足够的吸引力。
My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me.
我的孩子们不想与我一起度假。
2.意义一致。意义一致是指谓语动词的单复数要取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面上的语法标记。
（1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The only people who are interested in the book seem to be lawyers.
对这本书感兴趣的人似乎只有律师。
The majority of primary school teachers are women.
大多数小学老师是女性。
（2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Politics is my favourite subject.
政治是我最喜欢的学科。
3.就近一致。就近一致原则是指当主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词组成时，谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数保持一致。
（1）当主语由either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...、not...but...等连接时，须遵循就近一致原则。
Either you or I am going there.
要么你去那里，要么我去那里。
Not only he but also all his family are keen on concerts.
不仅他，而且他全家人都很热衷于音乐会。
Neither his family nor he knows anything about it.
他的家人和他自己都不知道那件事。
（2）以there/here为首的句子须遵循就近一致原则。
There is a book， two pencils and some flowers on the desk.
书桌上有一本书、两支铅笔和一些花。
Here are some envelopes and paper for you.
给你一些信封和纸。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）Look， there ___ （be） a goose， a few ducks swimming around on the river.
is
（2）Neither the students nor the teacher ___ （be） wholly right.
is
探究点2 谓语动词用单数形式的情况
1.单个的可数名词、不可数名词作主语时。
My bike is under the tree.
我的自行车在那棵树底下。
The teacher's advice is very helpful to me.
老师的建议对我很有帮助。
2.动名词（短语）、动词不定式（短语）、从句作主语时。
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
在太阳下看书对眼睛有害。
To say something is usually easier than to do something.
说起来容易做起来难。
What we want is some water.
我们需要的是一些水。
【注意】
（1）当若干个动词不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句用and连接作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。
What he says and what he does don't agree.
他言行不一致。
Where he comes from and what he is doing here are secrets.
他来自哪儿和他在这儿干什么都是个谜。
（2）由what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，但所指的具体内容若是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。
What we need is more time.
我们需要的是更多的时间。
What we need are doctors.
我们需要的是医生。
3.表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语时，要看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
Four weeks is often regarded as approximately one month.
人们常将四个星期大致视为一个月。
Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life.
二十年在人的一生中意味着一段很长的时期。
4.单数名词作主语时，尽管其后有with、 together with、 along with、 more than、 rather than、 including、 like、 as well as、 except、 but、 besides等构成的复数短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。
Nobody except the teachers knows anything about this matter.
除了老师外没有人知道这件事。
Li Lei as well as his parents is going to Hong Kong next week.
李雷和他的父母下周将去香港。
5.尽管主语有more than one 或many a/an修饰，谓语动词仍用单数形式。
Many a teacher has seen the film.
许多教师看过这部电影。
More than one student was late.
不止一个学生迟到了。
【注意】
“more+复数名词+than one”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
More friends than one come to help us.
不止一个朋友来帮助我们。
6.one of、 each of、 every one of、 either of、 the number of后面接复数名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The number of students in our school is over 2，000.
我们学校学生的数量超过了2000。
One of the teachers is among them.
其中有一位老师在他们当中。
Each of us has something to say.
我们每个人都有话要说。
7.“every/each/no+单数名词+and+ every/each/no+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Every boy and every girl was given a ticket.
每个男孩和女孩都得到了一张票。
Each hour and each minute is precious.
每一小时、每一分钟都是宝贵的。
8.表示一个国家、组织、书名、报刊等名称的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
English Weekly is very useful to the students.
《英语周报》对学生很有用。
9.由 some、 any、 no、 every与thing、 one、 body构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Everyone is here today.
今天大家都到了。
Nothing is difficult if you try your best.
如果你努力的话，什么事情都不难。
融会应用 翻译句子
（1）听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到放松。
________________________________________________
Listening to music makes me relax after a busy day.
（2）所有的事情都毫无头绪， 让人发疯。
________________________________________________________
Everything is in a complete mess， which drives people crazy.
（3）每个男生和女生都希望参加周日举行的聚会。
______________________________________________________________
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday.
探究点3 谓语动词用复数形式的情况
1.people、 cattle、 police、poultry等集合名词作主语时。
The cattle are eating grass over there.
牛群在那边吃草。
2.复数可数名词以及由many、 a good many、 quite a few、 a lot of、 lots of、 plenty of、 a （large/great） number of等修饰的复数可数名词作主语时，或由large/huge quantities/amounts of修饰的名词（复数可数名词或不可数名词）作主语时。
Many people are watching the football match.
许多人正在观看这场足球比赛。
3.each放在复数主语后面作同位语时。
The boys in the class each have their own toys.
班级里的每个男孩都有他们自己的玩具。
4.某些形容词与定冠词the连用表示一类人时。
The old are taken good care of in our town.
我们镇上的老人得到了很好的照顾。
5.不可数名词前有复数形式的计量名词修饰时。
Five bottles of water are needed.
需要五瓶水。
6.and或both...and连接并列主语时。
A hammer and a saw are useful tools.
锤子和锯子都是有用的工具。
Both Tom and I are fond of medicine.
我和汤姆都喜欢医学。
7.“one or two+复数名词”作主语时。
One or two girls are needed for the group dance.
这个集体舞还需要一两个女孩。
融会应用 翻译句子
（1）她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。
______________________________________________
Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting-room.
（2）她的衣服总是很漂亮而且时尚。
____________________________________________
Her clothes are always beautiful and fashionable.
（3）她昨天买的眼镜很贵。
________________________________________________
The glasses she bought yesterday are very expensive.
探究点4 谓语动词的单复数形式看情况而定的情况
1.分数或百分数修饰单数名词或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式；修饰复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式；修饰集合名词时，谓语动词多用复数形式。
Three fifths of the land is covered with forests.
五分之三的土地被森林覆盖。
Two thirds of the students have passed the examination.
三分之二的学生通过了考试。
2.在定语从句中，先行词为one of...结构时，定语从句一般视为修饰后面的复数名词，从句的谓语动词一般用复数形式；先行词为the one of...或者the only one of...结构时，定语从句则视为修饰单数名词，从句的谓语动词应该用单数形式。
Mr Green is one of the foreign experts who are working in China.
格林先生是在中国工作的外国专家之一。
Mr Green is the only one of those foreign experts who is working in China.
格林先生是这些外国专家中唯一在中国工作的人。
3.名词性物主代词作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数形式，也可以用复数形式，这取决于它所代替的名词是单数还是复数。
Ours （=Our Party） is a great party.
我们的党是一个伟大的党。
Your shoes are black， and mine （=my shoes） are brown.
你的鞋子是黑色的，而我的是棕色的。
4.such、 the same起指示代词的作用时，应根据其所指代的名词来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
Such is our plan.
那是我们的计划。
Such are his words.
那是他的话。
5.关系代词who、 that、 which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应取决于定语从句所修饰的先行词。
Those who want to go please put up your hands.
想去的人请举手。
Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.
人类利用的一些能源来自太阳。
6.由and连接的两个名词作主语，表示不同的人或事物时，其概念是复数，谓语动词用复数形式；表示同一个人、同一件事或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The poet and the writer have visited our school.
那位诗人和那位作家参观了我们的学校。
The poet and writer has visited our school.
那位诗人兼作家参观了我们的学校。
7.由all/half/some/a lot/plenty/any/part/the rest/most/a large quantity/percent of 等修饰单数可数名词或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；修饰复数可数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
All of them are right.
所有的人都是对的。
All of the work has been done.
所有的工作都做完了。
A large quantity of coal is needed in our school this winter.
这个冬天我们学校还需要大量的煤。
8.集合名词（如family、 class、 group、 team、 nation、 crowd、 company、 public等）作主语时，如果强调一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调其中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
My family is a big one.
我家是一个大家庭。
My family are watching TV.
我的家人在看电视。
9.当all表示单数概念时，谓语动词用单数形式；all修饰复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
All that can be done has been done.
所有能做的事都做完了。
All the students have arrived.
所有的学生都到了。
10.no修饰单数可数名词或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式；no修饰复数可数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
There is no hotel over there.
那里没有宾馆。
There are no hotels over there.
那里没有宾馆。
11.population作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式；若population前有分数、百分数修饰且作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式通常取决于后面的表语的单复数。
The population of the country is very large， and about 50% of its population are farmers.
这个国家的人口众多，其中50%是农民。
12.当一些由两部分构成的物体（如trousers、 shoes、 glasses、 chopsticks、 scissors等）作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；如果这些词由a kind of、 a pair of等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Her trousers are beautiful indeed.
她的裤子确实好看。
A pair of glasses is on the desk.
桌上有一副眼镜。
13.“a/this kind/type/sort+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式；“复数名词+of+a/this kind/type/sort”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
This kind of man is dangerous.
这种人很危险。
Men of this kind are dangerous.
这类人很危险。
14.means、 works、 species、 Chinese、 Japanese等单复数同形的名词作主语，表示单数意义时，谓语动词用单数形式；反之，谓语动词用复数形式。
This glassworks was set up in 1980.
这家玻璃厂建于1980年。
These glassworks are near the railway station.
这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。
融会应用 翻译句子
（1）据我所知，他家是一个大家庭。（强调整体）
________________________________________
As far as I know，his family is a big one.
（2）昨天当我拜访他们时，他们一家人正在吃饭。（强调成员）
_________________________________________________________
When I visited them yesterday，the family were having dinner.
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.—Why does the lake smell terrible
—Because large quantities of water __________________（pollute）.
have been polluted
2.One third of the country ___ （be） covered with trees and the majority of the
citizens ____ （be） black people.
is
are
3.Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who ______
（wear） evening dress.
wears
4.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials， the rest of which ___________
（save） for other purposes.
were saved
5.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture， and when and
where ________________ （decide） already.
has been decided
6.A teacher， together with four students， _________ （send） to help with this
research last week.
was sent
7.Jack， as well as his relatives and friends， __________ （hold） a party at home
now.
is holding
8.All but the one that asked for leave yesterday ______ （be） here just now.
were
9.Three hours with your old friends _______ （seem） to be a short time.
seems
10.When and where to build the new first aid center __________________ （decide）
yet.
hasn't been decided
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.Not only they but also I ____________________________ the Project Hope.
不仅他们，我也要为希望工程筹款。
am going to collect money for
2.Either you or Jack ___________________________ the manager.
不是你就是杰克要接替经理的职位。
is about to take the place of
3.The class ____________________ the exercises at the moment.
现在全班都在忙着做练习。
are busy working on
4.Each of the girls __________ pop music in the class.
班上每个女孩都喜欢流行音乐。
is fond of
5.Jackie， with his parents， ____________________ Europe on business next week.
杰基和他的父母打算下周去欧洲出差。
intends to set out for
6.The son， rather than his parents， ________________ the fire accident.
要对这场火灾事故负责的是儿子，而不是他的父母。
is responsible for
7.Five hundred dollars __________________ the return voyage.
五百美元足够返航了。
is quite enough for
8.The Times __________________ our studies.
《泰晤士报》对我们的学习很有帮助。
is very helpful for
9.She is the only one of the students _____________________________.
她是唯一通过考试的学生。
who has passed the examination
10.The rest of the story ________________ and I was moved to tears.
故事的其余部分非常感人，我感动得流下了眼泪。
was very moving
11.The police ___________________________________.
警察正在搜捕逃犯。
are searching for the escaped criminal
12.The young often ___________________________， while the old always
______________________________.
年轻人常认为老年人保守，而老年人总是认为年轻人没有经验。
think of the old conservative
consider the young inexperienced
13.______________the accident， he was out of work for three months.
由于那次事故，他失业了三个月。
As a result of
14._____________to be here to share with you how to learn English well.
能在这里和大家分享如何学好英语，我感到非常荣幸。
I'm honoured
15.We will _____________________ your courses according to your demand.
我们会根据您的要求为您安排课程。
make arrangements forUnit 9 Section Ⅲ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
【学习目标】
1.通过分析课文,了解人类大脑的记忆。(语言能力)
2.通过分析课文结构,借助关键词,在理解文章大意的基础上,找出段落主题句;用所学的词汇对课文进行复述。(学习能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
Ⅰ.基础单词
1. adj.经典的
2. n.策略;战略;规划
3. prep.超出……范围
4. vt.推荐;建议
5. n.小说
6. adj.充足的
7. n.输入;投入
8. adv.通常;平常
9. n.上下文;语境;背景
10. vt.学习;获得(知识、技能)
11. adj.奇特的
12. adj.& adv.遍及世界的;在全世界
13. n.童年;儿童时代
14. vt.& vi.出版;发表;刊登
15. n.曲线;弧线
16. adj.适时的;及时的
17. n.细胞
18. adv.定期地
答案 1.classic 2.strategy 3.beyond
4.recommend 5.novel 6.sufficient 7.input
8.normally 9.context 10.acquire 11.odd
12.worldwide 13.childhood 14.publish 15.curve
16.timely 17.cell 18.periodically
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1. adj.简化了的→ vt.简化
2. adj.不熟悉的;不了解的→ adj.熟悉的;了解的
3. vt.记住;熟记→ n.记忆
4. adv.有效地→ adj.有效的
5. n.计划;安排→ v.计划;安排
6. adj.情感上的;情绪上的→ n.情感;情绪
7. n.兴奋;激动→ vt.使……兴奋;使……激动
8. adj.详细准确的;照片的;摄影的→ n.照片
9. adj.急剧的;猛烈的;尖的;锋利的→ adv.急剧地
10. n.技巧;手法→ adj.技巧的;技能的
答案 1.simplified;simplify 2.unfamiliar;familiar
3.memorise;memory 4.effectively;effective
5.arrangement;arrange 6.emotional;emotion
7.excitement;excite 8.photographic;photograph
9.sharp;sharply 10.technique;technical
构词规律
名词后缀:-tion、-hood、-ment 副词后缀:-ly
reflect v.→reflection n.反射 child n.→childhood n.童年 excite v.→excitement n.激动 arrange v.→ arrangement n.安排 significant adj.→significantly adv.显著地 periodical adj.→periodically adv.定期地
Step 2 短语记诵
1.be honoured to do sth
2. one way or another不管怎样
3.take it easy
4. a result作为结果
答案 1.很荣幸做某事 2.in 3.放轻松 4.as
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.This is because when we experience things for the first time, we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.(This is because...句式)
翻译 这是因为当我们第一次体验事物时, 我们通常会有强烈的恐惧或兴奋感。
仿写 the surface of the earth is not flat but round.
这是因为地球的表面是圆的而不是平的。
2.When remembering something new, try to connect it to our emotions.(状语从句的省略)
翻译 当记住一些新的东西时,试着把它和我们的情绪联系起来。
仿写 , the little girl dropped her toy and rushed to her mother.
一看到她妈妈,小女孩就丢下玩具向她妈妈跑去。
3.It is important to connect it with what we already know.(it作形式主语)
翻译 重要的是将其与我们已经知道的联系起来。
仿写 speaking more English.
多练习说英语是非常重要的。
答案 1.This is because 2.When seeing her mother
3.It's very important to practice
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1 文本整体理解,关注布局谋篇
What's the main idea of the passage on Pages 58-59
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案 The passage is mainly about the answers to some of the most common questions about memory.
导学思路
如何整体理解课文
1.通过理解文章的标题和第一句话。
2.通过理解每一段的第一句话。
3.通过理解每一段的结论。
4.通过理解文章的最后一句话。
5.通过理解文本的整体结构。
Step 2 细读课文,明确教材细节
Ⅰ.Read the passage on Pages 58-59 and choose the best answers.
1.When remembering something new,try to connect it to .
A.our knowledge B.our experience
C.our emotions D.our thoughts
2.Who can remember the first 22, 514 digits of pi (π)
A.Stephen Wiltshire. B.Daniel Tammet.
C.Jemima Gryaznov. D.Hermann Ebbinghaus.
3.When does the sharpest loss of memory occur
A.During the very early period after learning.
B.During the first three days after learning.
C.During the first week after learning.
D.During the first hour after learning.
4.How many brain cells do we lose every day by the age of 40
A.1,000. B.100,000.
C.1,000,000. D.10,000.
答案 1~4 CBAD
Ⅱ.Fill in the blanks according to the passage on Pages 58-59.
THE SECRETS OF YOUR MEMORY
Questions about memory Answers
Why can I remember events in my childhood but not what happened last week We remember things that have strong connections in our mind, especially 1. . Childhood memories are often very emotional. So it is important to connect something new with what we already know. Also, we can try to 2. to a few others, which helps us remember them much better.
Do some people really have a photographic memory A person with a photographic memory could remember every detail of a picture, a book or an event many years later, but no one has proved that there are people who really have 3. . So we simply need to focus on the important ideas and be curious about what we learn when memorising 4. .
Why do I forget the new words that I learnt yesterday This is 5. for many people. The sharpest loss of memory occurs during the very early period after learning. Therefore, one of the golden rules to increase how much we remember is to 6. the material periodically, especially during the first day after learning.
I'm 16, but I sometimes forget things. Is my memory getting worse Definitely not. Our memory reaches its 7. at the age of 25. After this age, however, the brain starts to 8. . By middle age, our memory is significantly worse than when we were young.
答案 1.emotional connections 2.retell what we have learnt 3.photographic memories 4.detailed learning materials 5.natural 6.review 7.full power 8.get smaller
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点 1 simplified adj.简化了的 *simplify vt. 使简化;使简易 *simplification n. 简化;简化的事物
(P56) My tip for learning English is to read simplified classic works because they can increase my knowledge of English beyond the classroom.
我对学习英语的建议是阅读简化过的经典作品,因为它们可以在课堂之外增加我的英语知识。
知识拓展
simplify matters 简化事情
a simplified version of... ……的简化版
make simplifications to... 对……进行简化
经典佳句
Last night,the president presented a shorter, simplified version of his speech.
昨晚,总统发表了一番更加简短明了的演讲。
Millions of people want new, simplified ways of interacting with a computer.
数以百万计的人们想要新的简化方式实现人机交互。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)This is a (simplify) version of the story for young children.
(2)A number of (simplify) have been made to the taxation system.
Ⅱ.语境填空
(3)He that formula. The made it look much , and we can use it .
他简化了那个公式。简化后的公式看起来更简单,我们可以更简单地使用它。
答案 (1)simplified (2)simplifications
(3)simplified;simplification;simpler;more simply
知识点 2 memorise vt. 记住;熟记 *memory n. 记忆;记忆力;内存;存储器; 回忆 *memorial n. 纪念碑;纪念物 adj. 纪念的;追悼的 *memorable adj. 难忘的;值得纪念的
(P108) So what do you normally do to memorise new words
那么你通常会做什么来记住新单词呢
知识拓展
memorise a poem 记住一首诗
have a good/bad memory 记忆力好/差
have short memories健忘
in memory of/to the memory of为了纪念……
a memorial statue/prize 纪念像/奖
a lasting memorial to... 对……的永久纪念
经典佳句
Her deskmate challenged her to memorise 100 English words a day.
她的同桌向她挑战每天记住100个英语单词。
A film will be made in memory of those brave firefighters.
为了纪念那些勇敢的消防战士, 一部电影即将开拍。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I still remember the (memory) time in high school.
(2)People have to (memory) about 600 characters before they can do even basic reading and writing.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)(2023·兰州一中月考)The Dragon Boat Festival is Qu Yuan, a poet in ancient China.
端午节是为了纪念中国古代的一位诗人——屈原 。
答案 (1)memorable (2)memorise (3)in memory of/to the memory of
知识点 3 beyond prep. 超出……范围adv. 在更远处;在另一边
(P56)Dr Smith's advice is to increase your knowledge of English beyond the classroom.
史密斯博士的建议是在课堂之外增长你的英语知识。
知识拓展
beyond belief 难以置信
beyond control=out of control 不受约束;不受控制
beyond description 无法描述
beyond one's power 超出某人的能力
beyond one's reach=out of one's reach 使某人够不到
beyond words 无法用语言表达
be beyond sb 使某人无法想象或理解
经典佳句
Put the medicine beyond children's reach.
把药放到孩子够不到的地方。
It's beyond me why she wants to marry Jeff.
我无法理解她为什么要嫁给杰夫。
融会应用 单句写作
(1) was the border territory.
山的那一边是边境地带。
(2)Sweden is lovely in summer—cold in winter.
瑞典的夏天非常宜人——冬天却冷得让人难以置信。
(3)The price of the house is well ,so we have to rent one.
这栋房子的价格远远超出了我们能承受的范围,所以我们不得不租一个房子。
答案 (1)Beyond the mountains (2)beyond belief (3)beyond/out of our range
知识点 4 recommend vt.推荐;建议 *recommendation n.推荐;介绍
(P108)I would recommend that you try simplified classic literature, such as short stories and novels rewritten in simple English.
我建议你尝试一下简化的经典文学作品,比如短篇小说和用简单英语重写的小说。
知识拓展
recommend sth to sb 把某物推荐给某人
recommend sb as... 推荐某人为……
recommend doing sth 建议做某事
recommend sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
recommend that... 建议……
经典佳句
I would strongly recommend buying a quality bicycle rather than a cheap one.
我强烈建议买一辆质量好的自行车而不是一辆便宜的。
The teacher recommended that everyone (should) take an active part in the English party.
老师建议每一个人都应积极参加英语晚会。
名师点拨
后接宾语从句时,从句中谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”的常见动词如下:
融会应用 单句填空
(1)He recommended the young man our firm, and it is because of his (recommend) that we have an excellent worker now.
(2)His father strongly recommended (send) him to the school in England.
(3)Doctors strongly recommend that fathers (be) present at their babies' birth.
(4)He recommended me (change) my way of life.
(5)I'll recommend him our guide.
答案 (1)to;recommendation (2)sending (3)(should) be
(4)to change (5)as
知识点 5 acquire vt. 学习;获得(知识、技能) *acquirement n. 取得;获得
(P109)Very slowly, you will start to acquire the rules and use them without thinking.
慢慢地,你会开始掌握这些规则并不假思索地使用它们。
知识拓展
acquire a good knowledge of 学会;精通
acquire a taste for... 开始喜欢……
acquire a reputation 获得名声
an acquired taste养成的爱好
经典佳句
It took him a long time to acquire the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
他花了很长时间才掌握了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需要的技能。
易混辨析
acquire 多用于通过不断地“学、问”等慢慢地获取学问、技术等较抽象的东西
obtain 表示经过相当长的时间或经过很大的努力, 获得期望已久的东西
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Only when you have acquired a good knowledge grammar can you write correctly.
(2)He has recently acquired a taste chocolate.
(3)Abstract art is an (acquire) taste.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)Meanwhile, they exchange ideas and feelings with each other, through which they probably .
与此同时, 他们彼此交流思想和感情, 这样他们可能获得更多的知识。
答案 (1)of (2)for (3)acquired (4)acquire more knowledge
知识点 6 arrangement n.计划;安排 *arrange v.安排;整理;改编
(P58)facts and arrangements
事实和安排
知识拓展
make arrangements for安排
arrange sth整理;布置;安排
arrange to do sth安排做某事
arrange sth for sb为某人安排某事
arrange for sb to do sth安排某人做某事
经典佳句
We have arranged a special dinner for the guests, and we hope the arrangement will be accepted.
我们为客人安排了一顿特别的晚餐, 我们希望这个安排会被接受。
名师点拨
(1)表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange for sb to do sth,而不用arrange sb to do sth。
(2)make arrangements for sth中的arrangement常用复数形式。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)I've been quite busy (arrange) my holiday with my older brother.
(2)He arranged me to go down to London one day a week.
(3)The local newspaper made (arrange) for an interview with Professor Stein.
答案 (1)arranging (2)for (3)arrangements
知识点 7 excitement n. 激动;兴奋 *excite vt. 使激动;使兴奋 *excited adj. 兴奋的; 激动的 *exciting adj. 令人兴奋的
(P58) This is because when we experience things for the first time, we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.
这是因为当我们第一次体验事物时,我们通常会有强烈的恐惧或兴奋感。
知识拓展
with/in excitement 激动地
be excited at/about/by... 对……感到激动/兴奋
be excited to do sth 对做某事感到兴奋
经典佳句
The children were excited about opening their presents.
孩子们对打开礼物感到兴奋不已。
He was very excited to be asked to play for Wales.
入选威尔士队使他非常兴奋。
名师点拨
excited意为“兴奋的;激动的”, 是人因外物影响而产生的一种状态; exciting表示“令人激动的”, 是事物本身的性质。有时也可以用excited来描述与人有关的事物, 如excited look/expression等。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)We are all excited your success in the experiment.
(2)The boys were running in (excite).
(3)I've got an (excite) job, which makes me very happy.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)His playing was technically brilliant, but .
他的演奏技巧娴熟, 但无法让我兴奋起来。
(5)On arriving in China, Tracy , and everything appeared wonderful.
刚到中国的时候,Tracy会感到很兴奋,而且一切都显得那么美妙。
答案 (1)at/about/by (2)excitement (3)exciting
(4)it didn't excite me (5)felt very excited
知识点 8 sharp adj.急剧的;猛烈的;尖的;锋利的;敏锐的 *sharply adv. 急剧地;猛烈地;严厉的 *sharpen vt. 削尖;使变锋利
(P59)According to him,the sharpest loss of memory occurs during the very early period after learning.
据他说,最显著的遗忘出现在学习后的早期。
知识拓展
sharp criticism 尖锐的批评
a sharp turn to the left 向左急转弯
be sharp with sb对某人严厉
经典佳句
With a sharp knife,make diagonal slashes in the chicken breast.
用锋利的刀斜着切开鸡胸脯。
It was very sharp of you to see that!
你能看到这一点,很有洞察力!
融会应用 单句填空
(1)The report was (sharp) critical of the police.
(2)The lead broke on this pencil,so I have to (sharp) it.
(3)He was very sharp me when I was late.
答案 (1)sharply (2)sharpen (3)with
短 语 句 式
知识点 9 be honoured to do sth很荣幸做某事
(P109)Today, we're honoured to have two special guests with us to tell us about this.
今天,我们很荣幸有两位特别的客人和我们一起谈论这件事。
知识拓展
in honour of 为纪念;为庆祝
sb be/feel honoured to do sth=it is/was an honour for sb to do sth某人很荣幸做某事
be honoured with 被授予
honour sb with 给予某人(荣誉)
经典佳句
His parents felt it a great honour to be asked to speak at the meeting held in honour of the school's birthday.
他的父母被邀请在校庆上发言,他们为此深感荣幸。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)A ceremony was held in honour those who had lost their lives in the war.
(2)I have the honour (inform) you that you have got the first.
(3)It's an honour (select) to this band.
(4)I was honoured (meet) many famous players.
答案 (1)of (2)to inform (3)to be selected (4)to meet
知识点 10 as a result结果;因此
(P58)As a result, we remember them much better, as retelling events helps fix experiences in our memories.
因此,我们能更好地记住它们,因为复述事件有助于巩固我们自己的记忆。
知识拓展
as a result of 因为;由于
result in 导致;造成
result from 由……引起
经典佳句
He got up very late today.As a result, he missed the first bus.
他今天起得很晚,结果没赶上第一趟班车。
People have better access to health care than they used to, and they're living longer as a result.
人们有了比过去更便捷的医疗服务, 因此, 人们的寿命更长了。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句写作
(1)The train was delayed the heavy rain.
由于大雨,火车晚点了。
(2) , we have to water the vegetable garden.
因此,我们不得不给菜地浇水。
Ⅱ.一句多译
普遍认为他是因为过度劳累而得了癌症。
(3)It's generally believed that his cancer the overfull tiredness.
(4)It's generally believed that the overfull tiredness his cancer.
(5)It's generally believed that he suffered from cancer the overfull tiredness.
答案 (1)as a result of (2)As a result (3)resulted from
(4)resulted in (5)as a result of
知识点 11 take it easy放轻松
(P60)So take it easy.
所以放轻松。
知识拓展
take one's time 别着急;慢慢来
take sth seriously 重视某事;严肃对待某事
take...for granted 认为……理所当然
take...as...把……当作……
经典佳句
Take it easy.There must be no problem with that.I believe you can make it.
别紧张,那肯定没有什么问题。我相信你一定能成功。
I don't have any work today, so I'm just going to take it easy.
今天我没有工作要做,所以我打算放松点。
融会应用 单句写作
(1) .You'll feel better soon.
放轻松点。你很快就会觉得好点了。
(2)They and are praised by their boss.
他们认真对待工作,并受到老板的表扬。
(3) .We've got plenty of time.
别急,我们有的是时间。
(4) that our parents can give us everything we need.
我们不应想当然地以为父母能提供我们所需要的一切。
答案 (1)Take it easy (2)take their jobs seriously
(3)Take your time (4)We shouldn't take it for granted
知识点 12 This is because...
(P58)This is because when we experience things for the first time, we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.
这是因为当我们第一次体验事物时,我们通常会有强烈的恐惧或兴奋感。
知识拓展
句中的This is because...意为“这是因为……”,其中because引导的从句在句中作表语,This有时可用It/That替换,指代上文提到的事实。其他相关句型:
(1)This/That is why...这/那就是……的原因(why引导表语从句)
(2)The reason why...is that...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句;that引导表语从句)
(3)The reason that/which...is that...……的理由是……(that/which引导定语从句;that引导表语从句)
融会应用 单句填空
(1)Lily overslept this morning.That was she was late for work.
(2)He has heart disease.That was he has been smoking too much.
(3)The reason he was late for the meeting was he was held up by a traffic jam during the rush hour.
答案 (1)why (2)because (3)why;that
知识点 13 “It is+adj.+ to do ...”句型
(P60)It is important to connect it with what we already know.
把它与我们已知的事物联系起来是很重要的。
知识拓展
句中的It is important to connect...为“It is+adj.+ to do ...”句型,其中It为形式主语,而不定式短语 to connect ...为真正的主语。 该句型可以拓展为两种形式:
(1)It is+adj.+( for sb) to do sth,意为“(对某人来说)做某事是……的”,此句型中的形容词是修饰某件事而不是修饰人的,如difficult、easy、 hard、 important、 necessary、 possible等。
It is easy for people to catch sight of the flying plane.
人们看见飞行中的飞机是很容易的。
It is illegal for anyone to drive a car without a license.
在没有驾照的情况下,任何人开车都是不合法的。
(2)It is+adj.+(of sb) to do sth,意为“(某人)做某事是……的”,此句型中的形容词是修饰人而不是修饰某件事的,如kind、 brave、 clever、 stupid、 nice、 good、 silly、 careful、 naughty等。
It is clever of you to say so!
你这样说可真聪明!
It's very careless of you to always make mistakes.
你总是犯错误,真是太粗心了。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)It is difficult (persuade) her to tell the truth.
(2)It is hard me to finish the work today.
(3)It is very clever you to work out this question.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4) in the river.
对于孩子们来说,在河里游泳是危险的。
(5) him with his English.
你帮他补习英语,真是太好了。
答案 (1)to persuade (2)for (3)of (4)It's dangerous for children to swim (5)It is nice of you to help
语法探究
主 谓 一 致
自主探究
阅读下列句子,注意黑体部分的用法。
1.The Greens are shopping in the mall.
2.Thirty years is a long time.
3.What we need is more money, but what they need are books.
4.My father, as well as my mother, is working on the farm.
5.20% of the students are fond of swimming.
6.The number of people travelling in China this year is larger than last year.
我的发现
以上句子中谓语动词在人称和数上与主语保持一致。表示时间、距离、长度的复数名词作主语时,通常被看作一个整体,谓语动词用 形式。what引导的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于作 的名词的单复数。
答案 单数;表语
探究点1 主谓一致的概念及基本原则
所谓主谓一致就是指在句子中谓语动词必须在人称和数上与主语保持一致。主谓一致涉及三个基本原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1.语法一致。语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系,主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式。
And, even if I wasn't interested in free credits, news about our instructor was appealing enough to me.
而且,即使我对免费学分不感兴趣,关于我们老师的消息对我也有足够的吸引力。
My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me.
我的孩子们不想与我一起度假。
2.意义一致。意义一致是指谓语动词的单复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记。
(1)主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。
The only people who are interested in the book seem to be lawyers.
对这本书感兴趣的人似乎只有律师。
The majority of primary school teachers are women.
大多数小学老师是女性。
(2)主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Politics is my favourite subject.
政治是我最喜欢的学科。
3.就近一致。就近一致原则是指当主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词组成时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数保持一致。
(1)当主语由either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...、not...but...等连接时,须遵循就近一致原则。
Either you or I am going there.
要么你去那里,要么我去那里。
Not only he but also all his family are keen on concerts.
不仅他,而且他全家人都很热衷于音乐会。
Neither his family nor he knows anything about it.
他的家人和他自己都不知道那件事。
(2)以there/here为首的句子须遵循就近一致原则。
There is a book, two pencils and some flowers on the desk.
书桌上有一本书、两支铅笔和一些花。
Here are some envelopes and paper for you.
给你一些信封和纸。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)Look, there (be) a goose, a few ducks swimming around on the river.
(2)Neither the students nor the teacher (be) wholly right.
答案 (1)is (2)is
探究点2 谓语动词用单数形式的情况
1.单个的可数名词、不可数名词作主语时。
My bike is under the tree.
我的自行车在那棵树底下。
The teacher's advice is very helpful to me.
老师的建议对我很有帮助。
2.动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)、从句作主语时。
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
在太阳下看书对眼睛有害。
To say something is usually easier than to do something.
说起来容易做起来难。
What we want is some water.
我们需要的是一些水。
【注意】
(1)当若干个动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句用and连接作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。
What he says and what he does don't agree.
他言行不一致。
Where he comes from and what he is doing here are secrets.
他来自哪儿和他在这儿干什么都是个谜。
(2)由what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,但所指的具体内容若是复数意义时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。
What we need is more time.
我们需要的是更多的时间。
What we need are doctors.
我们需要的是医生。
3.表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语时,要看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
Four weeks is often regarded as approximately one month.
人们常将四个星期大致视为一个月。
Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life.
二十年在人的一生中意味着一段很长的时期。
4.单数名词作主语时,尽管其后有with、 together with、 along with、 more than、 rather than、 including、 like、 as well as、 except、 but、 besides等构成的复数短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式。
Nobody except the teachers knows anything about this matter.
除了老师外没有人知道这件事。
Li Lei as well as his parents is going to Hong Kong next week.
李雷和他的父母下周将去香港。
5.尽管主语有more than one 或many a/an修饰,谓语动词仍用单数形式。
Many a teacher has seen the film.
许多教师看过这部电影。
More than one student was late.
不止一个学生迟到了。
【注意】
“more+复数名词+than one”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
More friends than one come to help us.
不止一个朋友来帮助我们。
6.one of、 each of、 every one of、 either of、 the number of后面接复数名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
The number of students in our school is over 2,000.
我们学校学生的数量超过了2000。
One of the teachers is among them.
其中有一位老师在他们当中。
Each of us has something to say.
我们每个人都有话要说。
7.“every/each/no+单数名词+and+ every/each/no+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Every boy and every girl was given a ticket.
每个男孩和女孩都得到了一张票。
Each hour and each minute is precious.
每一小时、每一分钟都是宝贵的。
8.表示一个国家、组织、书名、报刊等名称的专有名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
English Weekly is very useful to the students.
《英语周报》对学生很有用。
9.由 some、 any、 no、 every与thing、 one、 body构成的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Everyone is here today.
今天大家都到了。
Nothing is difficult if you try your best.
如果你努力的话,什么事情都不难。
融会应用 翻译句子
(1)听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到放松。
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(2)所有的事情都毫无头绪, 让人发疯。
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(3)每个男生和女生都希望参加周日举行的聚会。
_______________________________________________________________________________
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答案
(1)Listening to music makes me relax after a busy day.
(2)Everything is in a complete mess, which drives people crazy.
(3)Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday.
探究点3 谓语动词用复数形式的情况
1.people、 cattle、 police、poultry等集合名词作主语时。
The cattle are eating grass over there.
牛群在那边吃草。
2.复数可数名词以及由many、 a good many、 quite a few、 a lot of、 lots of、 plenty of、 a (large/great) number of等修饰的复数可数名词作主语时,或由large/huge quantities/amounts of修饰的名词(复数可数名词或不可数名词)作主语时。
Many people are watching the football match.
许多人正在观看这场足球比赛。
3.each放在复数主语后面作同位语时。
The boys in the class each have their own toys.
班级里的每个男孩都有他们自己的玩具。
4.某些形容词与定冠词the连用表示一类人时。
The old are taken good care of in our town.
我们镇上的老人得到了很好的照顾。
5.不可数名词前有复数形式的计量名词修饰时。
Five bottles of water are needed.
需要五瓶水。
6.and或both...and连接并列主语时。
A hammer and a saw are useful tools.
锤子和锯子都是有用的工具。
Both Tom and I are fond of medicine.
我和汤姆都喜欢医学。
7.“one or two+复数名词”作主语时。
One or two girls are needed for the group dance.
这个集体舞还需要一两个女孩。
融会应用 翻译句子
(1)她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。
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(2)她的衣服总是很漂亮而且时尚。
_______________________________________________________________________________
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(3)她昨天买的眼镜很贵。
_______________________________________________________________________________
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答案
(1)Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting-room.
(2)Her clothes are always beautiful and fashionable.
(3)The glasses she bought yesterday are very expensive.
探究点4 谓语动词的单复数形式看情况而定的情况
1.分数或百分数修饰单数名词或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式;修饰复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式;修饰集合名词时,谓语动词多用复数形式。
Three fifths of the land is covered with forests.
五分之三的土地被森林覆盖。
Two thirds of the students have passed the examination.
三分之二的学生通过了考试。
2.在定语从句中,先行词为one of...结构时,定语从句一般视为修饰后面的复数名词,从句的谓语动词一般用复数形式;先行词为the one of...或者the only one of...结构时,定语从句则视为修饰单数名词,从句的谓语动词应该用单数形式。
Mr Green is one of the foreign experts who are working in China.
格林先生是在中国工作的外国专家之一。
Mr Green is the only one of those foreign experts who is working in China.
格林先生是这些外国专家中唯一在中国工作的人。
3.名词性物主代词作主语时,谓语动词既可以用单数形式,也可以用复数形式,这取决于它所代替的名词是单数还是复数。
Ours (=Our Party) is a great party.
我们的党是一个伟大的党。
Your shoes are black, and mine (=my shoes) are brown.
你的鞋子是黑色的,而我的是棕色的。
4.such、 the same起指示代词的作用时,应根据其所指代的名词来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
Such is our plan.
那是我们的计划。
Such are his words.
那是他的话。
5.关系代词who、 that、 which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应取决于定语从句所修饰的先行词。
Those who want to go please put up your hands.
想去的人请举手。
Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.
人类利用的一些能源来自太阳。
6.由and连接的两个名词作主语,表示不同的人或事物时,其概念是复数,谓语动词用复数形式;表示同一个人、同一件事或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。
The poet and the writer have visited our school.
那位诗人和那位作家参观了我们的学校。
The poet and writer has visited our school.
那位诗人兼作家参观了我们的学校。
7.由all/half/some/a lot/plenty/any/part/the rest/most/a large quantity/percent of 等修饰单数可数名词或不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;修饰复数可数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
All of them are right.
所有的人都是对的。
All of the work has been done.
所有的工作都做完了。
A large quantity of coal is needed in our school this winter.
这个冬天我们学校还需要大量的煤。
8.集合名词(如family、 class、 group、 team、 nation、 crowd、 company、 public等)作主语时,如果强调一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调其中的成员,谓语动词用复数形式。
My family is a big one.
我家是一个大家庭。
My family are watching TV.
我的家人在看电视。
9.当all表示单数概念时,谓语动词用单数形式;all修饰复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
All that can be done has been done.
所有能做的事都做完了。
All the students have arrived.
所有的学生都到了。
10.no修饰单数可数名词或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式;no修饰复数可数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
There is no hotel over there.
那里没有宾馆。
There are no hotels over there.
那里没有宾馆。
11.population作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式;若population前有分数、百分数修饰且作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式通常取决于后面的表语的单复数。
The population of the country is very large, and about 50% of its population are farmers.
这个国家的人口众多,其中50%是农民。
12.当一些由两部分构成的物体(如trousers、 shoes、 glasses、 chopsticks、 scissors等)作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;如果这些词由a kind of、 a pair of等修饰时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Her trousers are beautiful indeed.
她的裤子确实好看。
A pair of glasses is on the desk.
桌上有一副眼镜。
13.“a/this kind/type/sort+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式;“复数名词+of+a/this kind/type/sort”作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
This kind of man is dangerous.
这种人很危险。
Men of this kind are dangerous.
这类人很危险。
14.means、 works、 species、 Chinese、 Japanese等单复数同形的名词作主语,表示单数意义时,谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式。
This glassworks was set up in 1980.
这家玻璃厂建于1980年。
These glassworks are near the railway station.
这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。
融会应用 翻译句子
(1)据我所知,他家是一个大家庭。(强调整体)
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(2)昨天当我拜访他们时,他们一家人正在吃饭。(强调成员)
_______________________________________________________________________________
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答案
(1)As far as I know,his family is a big one.
(2)When I visited them yesterday,the family were having dinner.
【随堂检测】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.—Why does the lake smell terrible
—Because large quantities of water (pollute).
2.One third of the country (be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens (be) black people.
3.Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who (wear) evening dress.
4.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which (save) for other purposes.
5.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, and when and where (decide) already.
6.A teacher, together with four students, (send) to help with this research last week.
7.Jack, as well as his relatives and friends, (hold) a party at home now.
8.All but the one that asked for leave yesterday (be) here just now.
9.Three hours with your old friends (seem) to be a short time.
10.When and where to build the new first aid center (decide) yet.
答案 1.have been polluted 2.is; are 3.wears
4.were saved 5.has been decided 6.was sent
7.is holding 8.were 9.seems 10.hasn't been decided
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.Not only they but also I the Project Hope.
不仅他们,我也要为希望工程筹款。
2.Either you or Jack the manager.
不是你就是杰克要接替经理的职位。
3.The class the exercises at the moment.
现在全班都在忙着做练习。
4.Each of the girls pop music in the class.
班上每个女孩都喜欢流行音乐。
5.Jackie, with his parents, Europe on business next week.
杰基和他的父母打算下周去欧洲出差。
6.The son, rather than his parents, the fire accident.
要对这场火灾事故负责的是儿子,而不是他的父母。
7.Five hundred dollars the return voyage.
五百美元足够返航了。
8.The Times our studies.
《泰晤士报》对我们的学习很有帮助。
9.She is the only one of the students .
她是唯一通过考试的学生。
10.The rest of the story and I was moved to tears.
故事的其余部分非常感人,我感动得流下了眼泪。
11.The police .
警察正在搜捕逃犯。
12.The young often , while the old always .
年轻人常认为老年人保守,而老年人总是认为年轻人没有经验。
13. the accident, he was out of work for three months.
由于那次事故,他失业了三个月。
14. to be here to share with you how to learn English well.
能在这里和大家分享如何学好英语,我感到非常荣幸。
15.We will your courses according to your demand.
我们会根据您的要求为您安排课程。
答案 1.am going to collect money for 2.is about to take the place of 3.are busy working on 4.is fond of 5.intends to set out for 6.is responsible for 7.is quite enough for 8.is very helpful for
9.who has passed the examination 10.was very moving 11.are searching for the escaped criminal
12.think of the old conservative;consider the young inexperienced 13.As a result of 14.I'm honoured
15.make arrangements for
2
