人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit4 Natural disasters Discovering useful Structures课件(共29张PPT)
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit4 Natural disasters Discovering useful Structures课件(共29张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-18 14:28:07 | ||
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(共29张PPT)
Unit 1 Cultural Heritage
Discovering useful structures
Restrictive clauses(定语从句)
Underline the relative pronouns(关系代词)and adverbs(关系副词).
After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help.
Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.
关系代词
关系副词
Find more sentences containing relative clauses(定语从句).
There comes a time _____ the old must give way to the new.
… damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics _____ were an important part of Egypt’s cultural heritage.
Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO, _____ runs a programme _____ prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing.
when
that
which
that
定语用来修饰限定 _______或 _______ 。
e.g. This was a terrible earthquake.
e.g. The rescue worker has something important to do.
定语
名词
代词
定语
名词
代词
定语从句
在一个复合句中，用来修饰_____或_____的_____叫做定语从句。
其中，被修饰的名词或代词叫做 _______。
定语从句通常由_______来引导，包括__________和__________。
定义
名词
代词
从句
先行词
关系词
关系代词
关系副词
e.g. There comes a time when the old must give way to the new.
主句
从句
先行词
关系词
关系副词
According to an old story, there was once a time when the whole world spoke only one language.
This passage introduces how Chinese characters have changed over time.
定语从句
宾语从句
Which sentence is the relative clause (找出定语从句).
限制性V.S非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句对于先行词不可缺少，若缺从句，主句意思不完整
非限制性定语从句对于先行词附加说明，若缺从句，主句意思完整（常用逗号与主句隔开）
注意：非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。
We knew the scientist who had studied the problem.
We knew the physical scientist Hawkins, who had studied the problem.
Which sentence is the restrictive relative clause (非限制性定语从句).
我们认识研究过这个问题的科学家。
我们认识霍金这位物理科学家，他研究过这个问题。
定语从句 (高考重点考点)
做题方法
1. 找出主句和从句
3. 判断该词指人/物
4. 判断关系词在定语从句部分充当什么成分
（ 主 /宾 /定 /状 ）
2. 找出先行词
5. 确定关系词
主语/宾语/定语
时间/地点/原因状语
关系代词
关系副词
介词+which(指物)
介词+whom(指人)
先行词 关系词替代先行词在从句中充当的成分
指物 宾语 O that, which
主语 S that, which
定语 A whose
指人 宾语 O that, who, whom
主语 S that, who
定语 A whose
关系代词
先行词 关系词替代先行词在从句中充当的成分
时间状语
when
地点状语
where
原因状语
why
关系副词
这些抽象时间名词,
用关系副词when
time
occasion(时机)
age(年代/时代)
period(时期)
这些抽象地点名词，用关系副词where
case(情形)
point(阶段)
situation(情况;形势)
condition
scene
stage(阶段)
position(位置;处境)
activity
platform(平台；站台)
race
environment
atmosphere(氛围)
family
job
高考链接
【2020浙江高考】The hungry bear followed his nose(嗅觉) to our camp, _______ was surrounded(围绕) by a high wire fence(铁丝).
which
先行词
定语从句
The camp was surrounded(围绕) by a high wire fence(铁丝).
作主语
物
that
which
【2020天津高考】 “The great man”, said Mencius, “is he _____ does not lose his child’s heart.”
【2022全国乙卷】The hardest part for me is that I got an injury, an injury _______ may take me out(缺席) for years.
【2020全国Ⅲ卷】In ancient China lived an artist ______ paintings were almost lifelike(栩栩如生的).
who
which
whose
【2022全国甲卷】 It is hard to name a comedy star _____ hasn’t been on the stage here.
【2021浙江高考】After a short way, the farmer stopped and pointed at a weed(杂草) _______ we missed.
【2022新高考Ⅰ卷】David had a brain disease _____ prevented him from walking or running like other children.
who
which
that
The first of October, 1949, is the day ______ the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国) was founded.
The first of October, 1949, is the day, on _______ the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国) was founded.
The People’s Republic of China was founded on the day.
when
which
The People’s Republic of China was founded on the day.
the day 作介词 on 的宾语（介宾）
when/where/why可以换成介词+which或介词+ whom，
用来引导定于从句, which/whom作介词的宾语。
指物用which，指人用whom.
I’d like to live in a country _______ there is plenty of sunshine.
I’d like to live in a country in _______ there is plenty of sunshine.
where
which
There is plenty of sunshine in the country.
There is plenty of sunshine in the country.
the country 作介词 in 的宾语（介宾）
I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the reason _____ I left.
I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the reason for ______ _I left.
why
which
I left for the reason.
I left for the reason.
the reason 作介词 for 的宾语（介宾）
介词的确定原则
在介词+which(物)；介词+ whom(人)中，介词如何选择
The first of October, 1949, is the day, on which the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国) was founded.
I’d like to live in a country in which there is plenty of sunshine.
I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the reason for which I left.
The People’s Republic of China was founded on the day.
There is plenty of sunshine in the country.
I left for the reason.
根据动词或形容词的固定搭配；
根据句意；
表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”用of.
注意
“介词+whose” 在定语从句中作定语，修饰后面的名词
e.g. She is the very person in whose bag I found my lost watch.
她正是那个人，我在她的包里找到了我丢失的手表。
高考链接
【2022新高考Ⅰ卷】Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of _______ will be graded.
此外，我会时不时安排在课堂上完成的小组作业，或在家里完成的短期作业，这两项作业都将评分。
which
注意
以下情况只能用that，不能用which.
The first thing _____ we should do is work out a plan.
This is the most delicious food _____ I have never had.
The only thing _____ we need to think about is to deal with it.
I can do anything _____ excites me.
We should ignore the persons and things _____ upset us.
There was not much _____ we could do when it was raining.
that
1. 先行词被序数词修饰时
that
that
that
that
2. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
3. 先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时
4. 先行词是不定代词时
5.先行词既包括人又包括物时
that
6.先行词是much或all时
总结
做题方法
1. 找出主句和从句
3. 判断该词指人/物
4. 判断关系词在定语从句部分充当什么成分
（ 主 /宾 /定 /状 ）
2. 找出先行词
5. 确定关系词
主语/宾语/定语
时间/地点/原因状语
关系代词
关系副词
介词+which(指物)
介词+whom(指人)
Play a game of definition. “下定义游戏”
It is a ancient palace in which the royal family in the Qing Dynasty lived.
It is a dam that was creatively built together by the Egyptian government and the UN.
Ⅱ.用定语从句合并句子
1.This project was designed to help the students in need. But it just didn’t work out as planned.
→This project ______________________________________________ just didn’t
work out as planned.
2.Care of the soul is a gradual process. Even the small details of life should be
considered in it.
→Care of the soul is a gradual process __________________________________
________________________
that/which was designed to help the students in need
where/in which even the small details of life
should be considered
3.I’m looking for a house. It is big enough to hold all the children.
→I’m looking for a house __________________________________________.
4.The government built shelters for the people. Their homes had been destroyed.
→The government built shelters for the people ___________________________.
5.The man lives opposite our house. He is a miner.
→The man ______________________________ is a miner.
6.Last week Mary rode the bike.I gave it to her.
→Last week Mary rode the bike ______________________.
7.He is always making the same mistake. And it makes his teacher annoyed.
→He is always making the same mistake, ______________________________.
which/that is big enough to hold all the children
whose homes had been destroyed
who/that lives opposite our house
that/which I gave to her
which makes his teacher annoyed
8.They left almost everything in the house to us. Among them were two bookshelves packed with thick books.
→They left almost everything in the house to us ______________________
_________________________________.
9.They had been trapped in the mine for two days. The miners were finally rescued.
→The miners ___________________________________for two days, were finally
rescued.
10.I’ve been longing for the days. I should be able to be independent then.
→I’ve been longing for the days ____________________________________.
among which were two
bookshelves packed with thick books
who/that had been trapped in the mine
when I should be able to be independent
Ⅲ.结合本单元的语法,根据汉语提示完成语段
The ancient temple 1.________________________________ (建立在高山上的)
dates back to 600 years ago.It is one of the most famous cultural relics
2.____________________________(应该被好好保护).The mountain
3.______________________(寺庙所在的) is also famous for it. The reason
4.____________________________ (为什么古人在这里建造它)isn’t clear. People nowadays still think highly of the people 5. ________________________
(创造性建造它的人).The committee 6.___________________________________
___________________(当地文化部门建立的) is trying to prevent it from being
destroyed.
which was built on a high mountain
which should be preserved well
where the temple stands
why ancient people built it here
that/who built it creatively
which/that was established by the local
cultural department
Unit 1 Cultural Heritage
Discovering useful structures
Restrictive clauses(定语从句)
Underline the relative pronouns(关系代词)and adverbs(关系副词).
After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help.
Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.
关系代词
关系副词
Find more sentences containing relative clauses(定语从句).
There comes a time _____ the old must give way to the new.
… damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics _____ were an important part of Egypt’s cultural heritage.
Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO, _____ runs a programme _____ prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing.
when
that
which
that
定语用来修饰限定 _______或 _______ 。
e.g. This was a terrible earthquake.
e.g. The rescue worker has something important to do.
定语
名词
代词
定语
名词
代词
定语从句
在一个复合句中，用来修饰_____或_____的_____叫做定语从句。
其中，被修饰的名词或代词叫做 _______。
定语从句通常由_______来引导，包括__________和__________。
定义
名词
代词
从句
先行词
关系词
关系代词
关系副词
e.g. There comes a time when the old must give way to the new.
主句
从句
先行词
关系词
关系副词
According to an old story, there was once a time when the whole world spoke only one language.
This passage introduces how Chinese characters have changed over time.
定语从句
宾语从句
Which sentence is the relative clause (找出定语从句).
限制性V.S非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句对于先行词不可缺少，若缺从句，主句意思不完整
非限制性定语从句对于先行词附加说明，若缺从句，主句意思完整（常用逗号与主句隔开）
注意：非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。
We knew the scientist who had studied the problem.
We knew the physical scientist Hawkins, who had studied the problem.
Which sentence is the restrictive relative clause (非限制性定语从句).
我们认识研究过这个问题的科学家。
我们认识霍金这位物理科学家，他研究过这个问题。
定语从句 (高考重点考点)
做题方法
1. 找出主句和从句
3. 判断该词指人/物
4. 判断关系词在定语从句部分充当什么成分
（ 主 /宾 /定 /状 ）
2. 找出先行词
5. 确定关系词
主语/宾语/定语
时间/地点/原因状语
关系代词
关系副词
介词+which(指物)
介词+whom(指人)
先行词 关系词替代先行词在从句中充当的成分
指物 宾语 O that, which
主语 S that, which
定语 A whose
指人 宾语 O that, who, whom
主语 S that, who
定语 A whose
关系代词
先行词 关系词替代先行词在从句中充当的成分
时间状语
when
地点状语
where
原因状语
why
关系副词
这些抽象时间名词,
用关系副词when
time
occasion(时机)
age(年代/时代)
period(时期)
这些抽象地点名词，用关系副词where
case(情形)
point(阶段)
situation(情况;形势)
condition
scene
stage(阶段)
position(位置;处境)
activity
platform(平台；站台)
race
environment
atmosphere(氛围)
family
job
高考链接
【2020浙江高考】The hungry bear followed his nose(嗅觉) to our camp, _______ was surrounded(围绕) by a high wire fence(铁丝).
which
先行词
定语从句
The camp was surrounded(围绕) by a high wire fence(铁丝).
作主语
物
that
which
【2020天津高考】 “The great man”, said Mencius, “is he _____ does not lose his child’s heart.”
【2022全国乙卷】The hardest part for me is that I got an injury, an injury _______ may take me out(缺席) for years.
【2020全国Ⅲ卷】In ancient China lived an artist ______ paintings were almost lifelike(栩栩如生的).
who
which
whose
【2022全国甲卷】 It is hard to name a comedy star _____ hasn’t been on the stage here.
【2021浙江高考】After a short way, the farmer stopped and pointed at a weed(杂草) _______ we missed.
【2022新高考Ⅰ卷】David had a brain disease _____ prevented him from walking or running like other children.
who
which
that
The first of October, 1949, is the day ______ the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国) was founded.
The first of October, 1949, is the day, on _______ the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国) was founded.
The People’s Republic of China was founded on the day.
when
which
The People’s Republic of China was founded on the day.
the day 作介词 on 的宾语（介宾）
when/where/why可以换成介词+which或介词+ whom，
用来引导定于从句, which/whom作介词的宾语。
指物用which，指人用whom.
I’d like to live in a country _______ there is plenty of sunshine.
I’d like to live in a country in _______ there is plenty of sunshine.
where
which
There is plenty of sunshine in the country.
There is plenty of sunshine in the country.
the country 作介词 in 的宾语（介宾）
I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the reason _____ I left.
I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the reason for ______ _I left.
why
which
I left for the reason.
I left for the reason.
the reason 作介词 for 的宾语（介宾）
介词的确定原则
在介词+which(物)；介词+ whom(人)中，介词如何选择
The first of October, 1949, is the day, on which the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国) was founded.
I’d like to live in a country in which there is plenty of sunshine.
I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the reason for which I left.
The People’s Republic of China was founded on the day.
There is plenty of sunshine in the country.
I left for the reason.
根据动词或形容词的固定搭配；
根据句意；
表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”用of.
注意
“介词+whose” 在定语从句中作定语，修饰后面的名词
e.g. She is the very person in whose bag I found my lost watch.
她正是那个人，我在她的包里找到了我丢失的手表。
高考链接
【2022新高考Ⅰ卷】Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of _______ will be graded.
此外，我会时不时安排在课堂上完成的小组作业，或在家里完成的短期作业，这两项作业都将评分。
which
注意
以下情况只能用that，不能用which.
The first thing _____ we should do is work out a plan.
This is the most delicious food _____ I have never had.
The only thing _____ we need to think about is to deal with it.
I can do anything _____ excites me.
We should ignore the persons and things _____ upset us.
There was not much _____ we could do when it was raining.
that
1. 先行词被序数词修饰时
that
that
that
that
2. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
3. 先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时
4. 先行词是不定代词时
5.先行词既包括人又包括物时
that
6.先行词是much或all时
总结
做题方法
1. 找出主句和从句
3. 判断该词指人/物
4. 判断关系词在定语从句部分充当什么成分
（ 主 /宾 /定 /状 ）
2. 找出先行词
5. 确定关系词
主语/宾语/定语
时间/地点/原因状语
关系代词
关系副词
介词+which(指物)
介词+whom(指人)
Play a game of definition. “下定义游戏”
It is a ancient palace in which the royal family in the Qing Dynasty lived.
It is a dam that was creatively built together by the Egyptian government and the UN.
Ⅱ.用定语从句合并句子
1.This project was designed to help the students in need. But it just didn’t work out as planned.
→This project ______________________________________________ just didn’t
work out as planned.
2.Care of the soul is a gradual process. Even the small details of life should be
considered in it.
→Care of the soul is a gradual process __________________________________
________________________
that/which was designed to help the students in need
where/in which even the small details of life
should be considered
3.I’m looking for a house. It is big enough to hold all the children.
→I’m looking for a house __________________________________________.
4.The government built shelters for the people. Their homes had been destroyed.
→The government built shelters for the people ___________________________.
5.The man lives opposite our house. He is a miner.
→The man ______________________________ is a miner.
6.Last week Mary rode the bike.I gave it to her.
→Last week Mary rode the bike ______________________.
7.He is always making the same mistake. And it makes his teacher annoyed.
→He is always making the same mistake, ______________________________.
which/that is big enough to hold all the children
whose homes had been destroyed
who/that lives opposite our house
that/which I gave to her
which makes his teacher annoyed
8.They left almost everything in the house to us. Among them were two bookshelves packed with thick books.
→They left almost everything in the house to us ______________________
_________________________________.
9.They had been trapped in the mine for two days. The miners were finally rescued.
→The miners ___________________________________for two days, were finally
rescued.
10.I’ve been longing for the days. I should be able to be independent then.
→I’ve been longing for the days ____________________________________.
among which were two
bookshelves packed with thick books
who/that had been trapped in the mine
when I should be able to be independent
Ⅲ.结合本单元的语法,根据汉语提示完成语段
The ancient temple 1.________________________________ (建立在高山上的)
dates back to 600 years ago.It is one of the most famous cultural relics
2.____________________________(应该被好好保护).The mountain
3.______________________(寺庙所在的) is also famous for it. The reason
4.____________________________ (为什么古人在这里建造它)isn’t clear. People nowadays still think highly of the people 5. ________________________
(创造性建造它的人).The committee 6.___________________________________
___________________(当地文化部门建立的) is trying to prevent it from being
destroyed.
which was built on a high mountain
which should be preserved well
where the temple stands
why ancient people built it here
that/who built it creatively
which/that was established by the local
cultural department