Topic 13　通信、科普知识与现代技术 专项练习2024年中考英语复习广东省人教、外研通用（含答案）

Topic 13　通信、科普知识与现代技术
Day 1　语法选择　　(核心素养：思维品质)
体裁：说明文 主题：人造 钻石 词数：202 难度：★★★★☆ 正确率： /10
　　跨物理学科Diamonds(钻石) are very beautiful. They are such wonderful products of nature that many people want to have 1 own diamonds. However, the price of diamonds is usually very high. 2 many people wonder: Can humans make diamonds, too 3 answer has become yes now!
　　An international team of scientists made diamonds in only minutes at room temperature 4 . They did it by pressing carbon(碳) with pressure. The pressure is similar to the weight 5 640 African elephants standing on the tip of one ballet shoe.
　　The scientists 6 two types of diamonds so far: one type can be found on a wedding ring and another type of diamond that 7 Lonsdaleite(蓝丝黛尔石). Lonsdaleite has special structure and it is said to be 58 percent 8 than common diamonds.
　　Natural diamonds are usually formed over billions of years, about 150 km deep in the earth where there are high pressures and temperatures above 1，000℃. The 9 new discovery shows both Lonsdaleite and common diamonds can be made by humans.
　　“While putting high pressures on the carbon, we also let the carbon experience a twisting(扭曲的) force. We think this allows the carbon atoms(原子) 10 into place and form both Lonsdaleite and common diamonds，” one of the scientists said.
(　C　)1. A. they B. them C. their
(　A　)2. A. So B. Because C. If
(　C　)3. A. A B. An C. The
(　C　)4. A. success B. successful C. successfully
(　A　)5. A. of B. for C. with
(　B　)6. A. make B. have made C. are making
(　C　)7. A. call B. calls C. is called
(　B　)8. A. hard B. harder C. the hardest
(　C　)9. A. scientist B. scientists C. scientists'
(　B　)10. A. move B. to move C. moving
短语练习
1. ……的价格 the price of ...
2. 与……相似 be similar to ...
3. 在……的尖端 on the tip of ...
4. 两者都 both ... and ...
句子翻译
1. 这是如此难的一道题，以至于没有人会做。(such … that …)
It is such a difficult question that no one can work it out.
2. 昨天玛丽在下楼梯时摔倒了。(while)
Mary fell down while going down the stairs yesterday.
Day 2　完形填空
体裁：说明文 主题：海豚与人类“携手”捕鱼 词数：221 难度：★★★★☆ 正确率： /10
　　In Brazil, there is a special fishing team. It is made up of human fishers and dolphins! They work together to catch the 1 fish — mullet(鲻鱼)．
　　Mauricio Cantor, from Oregon State University, US, studied this partnership. As he told Science News Explores, the cooperation(合作) 2 more than a century ago.
　　“The dolphins are really good at finding fish in the dirty water and driving them to the 3 ，” Cantor said. “The fishermen are really good at catching the fish with their nets.” Once the fish are caught in the nets, dolphins can 4 and get some for themselves.
　　Cantor's study described how fishers and dolphins give cues(提示) to each other. When 5 find fish, they drive them to the coast. Then they arch(弓着) their backs in front of the fishers to 6 them to throw nets. Fishermen will then throw the nets right away. “Fishermen need to be well－trained to understand the cues from dolphins，” said Cantor.
　　The study found that fishers are 17 times more likely to 7 fish by working with dolphins. At the same time, cooperative dolphins have 13 percent 8 survival rates than other dolphins.
　　“Human－animal partnerships have 9 been seen throughout history. But they give us an 10 of how active our human interactions(互动) can be with nature，” Cantor said.
(　A　)1. A. same B. different
C. common D. helpful
(　C　)2. A. founded B. continued
C. started D. finished
(　D　)3. A. water B. sea
C. stone D. coast
(　A　)4. A. move in B. go out
C. hand in D. get up
(　C　)5. A. people B. fishers
C. dolphins D. scientists
(　B　)6. A. advise B. tell
C. allow D. prevent
(　A　)7. A. catch B. kill
C. break D. bite
(　C　)8. A. bigger B. smaller
C. higher D. lower
(　C　)9. A. only B. never
C. seldom D. nearly
(　B　)10. A. advice B. idea
C. action D. activity
短语练习
1. 由……组成 be made up of
2. 擅长 be good at
3. 彼此 each other
4. 立刻；马上 right away
5. 同时 at the same time
句子翻译
1. 当你感到孤独时，请给我打电话。(when)
When you feel lonely, please call me.
2. 明天有可能要下雨。(be likely to)
It is likely to rain tomorrow.
Day 3　阅读理解A
体裁：应用文 主题：太空科技造福地球 词数：190 难度：★★★☆☆ 正确率： /5
　　Technology created for space travel has benefited our life on Earth in many ways. As the International Day of Human Space Flight (April 12) and the Space Day of China (April 24) have just passed, let's look at things we wouldn't have without space travel.
Camera phones 　　In the 1990s, NASA created cameras small enough to fit on spacecraft. The technology is now used in cell phone cameras so that we can take selfies(自拍).
Athletic shoes 　　There wouldn't be Nike Air Max trainers if we didn't go to space. The shock－absorbing(减震的) materials of the shoes come from space suits.
Water purification(净化) system 　　In the 1960s, NASA created a technology to purify astronauts' drinking water. It is now widely used to kill bacteria(细菌) in swimming pools.
Wireless headsets 　　Astronauts could easily get tangled(缠绕) up in wires, so NASA developed wireless, hands－free headsets. Astronauts can then move freely while talking and listening.
Dustbusters(手持吸尘器) 　　Astronauts hoped to collect samples(样本) on the moon. Stanley Black & Decker created a lightweight tool to help them do that. The company then used this technology to make the dustbuster in 1979.
(　A　)1. What was the camera technology created for at first
A. Travelling in space. B. Taking selfies.
C. Playing sports. D. Making the dustbuster.
(　C　)2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage
A. Camera phones. B. Athletic shoes.
C. Wireless networks. D. Dustbusters.
(　D　)3. When was the technology to purify water created
A. In the 1990s. B. In the 1980s.
C. In the 1970s. D. In the 1960s.
(　B　)4. Why did NASA invent wireless headsets
A. Because astronauts always moved freely.
B. Because astronauts could easily get tangled up in wires.
C. Because astronauts cannot talk with each other on the moon.
D. Because astronauts hoped to collect samples on the moon.
(　B　)5. Where can we read the passage
A. In a travel guide.
B. In a science newspaper.
C. In a sports magazine.
D. In a storybook.
Day 4　阅读理解B
体裁：说明文 主题：护眼“常识”真相 词数：303 难度：★★★☆☆ 正确率： /5
　　There are always lots of strange stories about protecting your eyes. For example, you might have been told that you'd go blind from reading in the dark, but you could make up for it by eating carrots.This is just one of the wrong ideas. Here are scientific explanations for three mistakes that people often make about eyes.
　Can eating carrots improve your eyesight
　　Carrots are rich in vitamin A, which is important and necessary for your eyes' health. Vitamin A helps people to see in low light conditions. However, eating more carrots doesn't help you see better. Some carrots will help, but a large number of carrots will not give you superhuman vision.
　Must your parents' bad eyesight pass to you
　　A study by the American Optometric Association(验光协会) found that if both parents are short－sighted(近视的), there is a 33 to 60 percent chance that the child is. For children who have one parent with short sight, the chance is 23 to 40 percent, and it's down to 6 to 15 percent for kids with normal eyesight parents. So no matter how bad your parents' eyesight is, you still have a chance to have good eyesight.
Is it true that people who are color blind can't see colors
　　 Color blindness doesn't mean that someone can't see colors at all, like a black and white movie. It means that someone has difficulty telling some colors apart, usually green and red or blue and yellow. Color blindness is usually a condition caused by not having color cells(细胞). There are different levels of color blindness. Some people cannot tell the difference between colors in dim light, some have trouble in strong light and the others have difficulty in any light. In the most serious form of color blindness, everything is seen in shades of grey.
(　C　)1. Which is TRUE about eating carrots according to the passage
A. Eating carrots doesn't help people see better at all.
B. People need to eat as many carrots as possible.
C. Eating carrots is good for eyes, but people don't need to eat a lot of them.
D. Eating a lot of carrots is only good for those who work in low light conditions.
(　B　)2. If one of the parents is short－sighted, the chance of short sight for children is ．
A. 33%－60% B. 23%－40%
C. 6%－15% D. 60%－70%
(　B　)3. According to the passage, how does the writer describe color blindness
A. Most people who are color blind can only see grey.
B. Not having color cells can cause color blindness.
C. Those who can't tell green from red are not really color blind.
D. Most people who are color blind can only see black and white.
(　A　)4. What does the underlined word “dim” in the last paragraph mean
A. Weak. B. Bright.
C. Soft. D. Hard.
(　A　)5. Which can be the best title for this passage
A. Misunderstanding About Eyes
B. Advice on Protecting Your Eyes
C. Ways to Improve Your Vision
D. Reasons for Color Blindness
Day 5　配对阅读
词数：363 难度：★★★☆☆ 正确率： /5
左栏是五个人的情况描述，右栏是七款电子产品或者应用程序的介绍。请为每个人选择一个合适的产品或者应用程序。
A. Mind Snacks 　　This great English helper is a free app. Experts from top universities in America scheduled the English lessons for users. It has a number of games to build vocabulary, reading, listening and conversational skills. B. ZenScreen 　　If you always start your day with your phone, ZenScreen will be suitable for you. After spending 10 minutes on your phone, you will be reminded to spend 20 minutes without it. You can also set a time for something on this app. C. Paper by 53 　　This app is the easiest and most beautiful way to create pictures on your iPad. You can create anything from sketches(素描) and other drawings. D. Google Maps 　　Discover the world with it. It is a great helper when you are traveling. Experience Street View, 3D Mapping, turn－by－turn directions, indoor maps and more through your phones. E. Vista 　　It is an app for you to learn about the latest news around the world. It also has weekly reviews of important events, so you can't miss anything important! F. Map My Walk 　　It is a health tracking(追踪) app. It can make you able to use the GPS of your mobile phone to track all of your moving activities. G. Photos Go 　　It's very convenient for you to use our Photos Go. Just click one button when you want to add funny pictures to your photos.
(　B　)1. Christine can't help playing with her phone for a long time every day. She tries hard to change the bad habit. (　E　)2. Lucy was given a task by her teacher. She has to give a news report to her classmates on an important event during the week. She needs to get some information. (　G　)3. Jennifer is quite interested in taking photos. She always takes funny photos with her friends. She thinks taking photos is her best way of keeping memories. (　D　)4. John is going to do business in the UK. During his stay, he needs something like maps to show him the way around. (　A　)5. Bob is a hard－working student. He is good at English listening and speaking, but he doesn't do well in written tests, including reading and writing.
习语练习
1. give someone a buzz 给某人打电话
2. throw a spanner in the works 阻止计划进行；从中捣乱
3. oiled the wheels 推进工作
4. If it ain't broke, don't fix it. 不坏不修；别没事儿找事。
Day 6　短文填空
　　请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
A
体裁：说明文 主题：新型救援机器人“海豚1号” 词数：203 难度：★★★☆☆ 正确率： /10
it　advantage　save　wide　company　together　famous　country　help　who　put　when
　　The Dolphin 1 is a kind of intelligent water rescue(救援) robot. It is independently developed by Yunzhou Technology, a 1. company from Guangdong Province.
　　The rescue robot became 2. famous for its successful rescue of a boy who was washed away by waves in Weihai, Shandong Province on Aug. 9, 2022. The Dolphin 1 has many 3. advantages. For example, it has high floatage(浮力), and its direction can be controlled. The Dolphin 1 can overturn to change 4. its position even in dangerous water by itself. It is easy to be remote－controlled(遥控) with one hand, and the person 5. who uses it does not need to have professional training before using it. 6. When one accident happens, only one to two people are required to control the robot for rapid rescue.
　　Since it was put into use, the Dolphin 1 has 7. saved several people's lives in Zhuhai's Wanshan Island and coastal areas of Weihai. It has been 8. put into operation in rescue tasks in Jiangxi and Henan provinces.
　　At present, the intelligent water rescue robot has been 9. widely used in China. And more than 40 10. countries， including America, Spain, Italy and Australia, have introduced the Dolphin 1 for rapid water rescue operations.
B
体裁：说明文 主题：迷你播种机器人 词数：193 难度：★★★★☆ 正确率： /10
he　create　what　energy　turn　that　however　discover　easy　quick　leg　but
　　A little robot walks secretly in a large desert to look for proper areas. When it finds one, it reports the 1. discovery and then plants seeds(种子) in the land. The robot, A'seedbot, could 2. turn the desert into a land with grass and trees.
　　This tiny robot farmer was 3. created by Mazyar Etehadi from the Dubai Institute of Design and Innovation(迪拜设计与创新研究所). “I just hope 4. that there are more plants and more green trees out there，” Etehadi said. “I think it was an 5. easy way to come up with. 6. But no one had actually done it.” The problem of desertification(荒漠化) caused 7. him to look for ways that were easier and more useful.
　　A'seedbot is about 20 cm long. Using solar 8. energy， the robot can recharge(充电) during the day and work at night. It has three 3D-printed 9. legs that can walk through sand in search of the proper areas to plant seeds. And farming companies or people like farmers could be users of A'seedbot.
　　Earlier this year, a company called Flash Forest in Toronto thought of a similar method. They used the UAV(无人机) to plant trees ten times as 10. quickly as a single worker. They hope to plant one billion trees by 2028.
Day 7　读写综合
A. 回答问题
　　请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整切题。
　　Plastic bags, used masks, fish bones, autumn leaves … It isn't easy for us to choose and put all the waste into different bins. To help solve this problem, three students from Xi'an Aerospace City No. 1 High School made a smart trash bin that uses voice recognition(语音识别). The trash bin can even understand different Chinese dialects(方言)． 　　“We find it troublesome to find the right trash bin for our daily waste and we know that many people face the same problem. That's why we want to give a hand，” said Zhang Zehua, 17, who was responsible for coding and building the database(数据库). 　　Starting last April, the three students built the database and made a sorting system for their smart bin. They made the system use less energy and allow the bin to work for a longer time at a lower temperature. 　　Team member Zhang Zhenjie, 16, had a difficult task to complete. He was responsible for collecting data. While talking with his classmates, he found that people had several different ways to describe the same piece of garbage. So he changed the voice recognition system and made it more correct. He also counted how much garbage an average family made daily. This helped him choose the right amount of storage space for the bin. 　　The three teenagers are applying for a patent(专利) for their design. They will continue to improve the trash bin and introduce it to more communities in the future.
1. Where do the three students study
They/The three students study at Xi'an Aerospace City No. 1 High School./At Xi'an Aerospace City No. 1 High School.
2. Who was responsible for coding and building the database
Zhang Zehua (was responsible for it/coding and building the database)．
3. When did they start building the database and making a sorting system for the smart bin
They started building the database and making a sorting system for the smart bin last April./Last April.
4. Why did Zhang Zhenjie change the voice recognition system
Because he/Zhang Zhenjie found that people had several different ways to describe the same piece of garbage.
5. What are the three students applying for
They/The three students are applying for a patent (for their design)．/A patent (for their design)．
B. 书面表达
　　科技发展日新月异，各种发明以及高科技产品成了我们生活中不可缺少的东西。假设你是李雷，你打算向学校英文网站投稿，分享你最喜欢的发明。请你根据以下思维导图内容提示用英文写一篇短文。
注意：
1. 可在思维导图内容提示的基础上适当拓展信息。
2. 不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现真实校名、地名和学生的真实姓名。
3. 语句连贯，词数80左右。作文的标题和开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
【提分好词】
1. 极好的 amazing
2. 最新的 latest
3. 与某人保持联系 keep in touch with sb.
4. 在任何地方 in any place
5. 总之 in a word/in short
【提分好句】
1. 在电脑的帮助下，玛丽可以学习和听音乐。(with the help of …)
With the help of the computer, Mary can study and listen to music.
2. 现在汤姆通过电子邮件与他的笔友保持联系。(keep in touch with …)
Tom keeps in touch with his pen pal through e-mail now.
【语篇衔接词】 firstly, secondly, moreover, in a word
【小试身手】
My Favorite Invention
By Li Lei
There are many great inventions in our daily life. The laptop is my favorite one. I think it is the most amazing invention in the 20th century.
　　Firstly，the laptop is light and small. It is easy to carry. Secondly, with a laptop, we can work, study and have fun anywhere. A laptop can get to the Internet outside. It enables us to get the latest information whenever we want. Moreover, I can keep in touch with my friends and family at any time and in any place by using a laptop.
　　In a word，the laptop is my favorite invention. I think in the future, everybody will have his or her own laptop.