2024年中考英语复习广东省人教、外研通用 阅读理解解题技巧

阅读理解A
一、题型解读
　　阅读理解A篇主要考查学生寻读和跳读的阅读技能。一般是选自海报、报纸、杂志等的文章并配有与文章内容相关的图片，体裁以应用文为主。主要考查短文的细节信息，间或加入对材料出处、写作对象及目的的考查。
二、近三年考情分析及考点分布
年份 话题 语篇词数 主题 核心素养 考点分布
2023 自制纸扇的过程 201 人与自我 思维品质 细节理解题(4) 推理判断题(1)
2022 人工智能展的情况 185 人与社会 思维品质 细节理解题(4) 识图解意题(1)
2021 疫情下农场采摘的规定 199 人与自然 思维品质 细节理解题(4) 推理判断题(1)
三、解题策略
(一)细节理解题
　　细节理解题往往针对文中的某个词汇、句子、段落等细节及事实进行设题。在解题时，要注意直接信息和间接信息的获取。有些题干关键词与选项关键信息对原文进行了同义转换，同义转换的部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干个句子，此时需对比选项与原文意思是否一致。
例1(2023年广东中考阅读A篇节选)
(Para. 2) What to prepare Please prepare two pieces of paper. All paper will work, but your DIY fan can be used for a long time with quality(优质的) paper． 52. Why is quality paper a good choice to make a fan A. It is light. B. It is colorful. C. It lasts long． D. It looks beautiful.
解析：根据题干关键词quality paper定位，原文中“be used for a long time”是C选项中“lasts long”的同义转换。
例2(2022年广东中考阅读A篇节选)
(Para. 1) Imagine waking up to find a cup of coffee ready and floors swept. With smart devices(装置) controlled by AI, all housework can be done while you are asleep. 51. What can the smart devices in Paragraph 1 do A. Farming. B. Business. C. Housework. D. Schoolwork.
解析：根据题干定位到第一段，主语为smart devices，此处询问智能装置能做的事，可直接在文章中获取答案信息housework。
(二)识图解意题
　　识图解意题是通过图解、地图或插图的形式，形象化地表现文章信息。在解题时，需抓取文章的细节描述，理解信息并选择与其表述相符的图片。
例(2022年广东中考阅读A篇节选)
(Para. 2) Children can also try our cleaning robot Little Q. It is a cute robot with a round head, two big eyes and two long legs. It's like a big toy. 52. What does Little Q look like
解析：根据题干关键词Little Q定位，根据文章描述的信息“a round head, two big eyes and two long legs”可知，与其表述相符的图片形象是D选项。
(三)推理判断题
　　推理判断题主要考查学生的推理判断能力。它与细节题不同，一般题干所问的问题在文章中没有直接且清晰的表达，因此不能直接在文中找到现成的答案，而是要根据文章提供的信息或线索进行逻辑分析及推理。在阅读理解A篇考查中，判断写作目的、文章出处和文章读者为常见的考查内容。
例1(2023年广东中考阅读A篇节选)
(Para. 1) When it's hot outside and we have to go out, surely we want to keep cool. We can put on hats, wear light clothing, or stay at a cool place. However, nothing can beat a good fan. Now I'll show you how to make a good DIY (Do It Yourself) paper fan. 55. What is the purpose of this passage A. To sell paper fans. B. To show how to save time. C. To share a fun story. D. To teach how to make paper fans.
解析：根据第一段最后一句及通读全文可推知，文章的目的是教如何制作纸扇。
例2(2021年广东中考阅读A篇节选)
(Para. 1) We are known for our delicious strawberries. We invite you to visit the farm and enjoy our fresh products and great farming experiences. We'll try our best to create a safe open－air environment for our customers under the circumstances(情况) of COVID－19 this year. Please read the instructions below. 55. The instructions are most probably from . A. a farm owner　　 B. a teacher C. a news reporter 　 D. a customer
解析：根据题干关键词instructions定位，文章以第一人称自述“邀请您来参观农场，品尝我们的新鲜产品……为我们的客户提供一个安全的露天环境”，由此可推测，这些说明最有可能是一位农场主写的。
阅读理解B
一、题型解读
　　阅读理解B篇除了考查学生对文章的整体把握和关键信息的提取能力之外，还考查词义猜测、上下文推理判断及归纳段落、全文主旨大意的能力。体裁以说明文、记叙文为主。
二、近三年考情分析及考点分布
年份 话题 语篇词数 主题 核心素养 考点分布
2023 动物的方向感 248 人与社会 思维品质 推理判断题(1) 细节理解题(2) 词义猜测题(1) 标题归纳题(1)
2022 登山者在登山过程中为科学家收集样本用于科学实验 243 人与自然 思维品质 段落大意题(1) 词义猜测题(1) 细节理解题(2) 标题归纳题(1)
2021 “食物共享”计划 262 人与社会 思维品质 推理判断题(1) 细节理解题(2) 词义猜测题(1) 标题归纳题(1)
三、解题策略
(一)细节理解题
　　详见题型三阅读理解A(一)细节理解题内容。
(二)推理判断题
　　在阅读理解B篇中，推理判断题不局限于文章出处的考查，题目所涉及的文章内容可能是一句话或几句话，也可能是一个或两个段落，甚至可能是整篇文章。这要求学生透过文章表面的文字信息推测文章的隐含意思，力求从作者的角度去思考。
例1(2023年广东中考阅读B篇节选)
(Para. 1) Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey. How do they make it Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction. 56. Where is this passage most probably from A. A storybook. B. An art magazine. C. A guidebook. D. A science magazine.
解析：根据第一段内容及通读全文可知，本文是关于动物的方向感的研究的。由此可推测，这篇文章最有可能来自一本科学杂志。
例2(2021年广东中考阅读B篇节选)
(Para. 1) According to a research, more than 130 billion pounds of uneaten food go to waste in Laura's country each year. That is about 30% of the yearly food supply(供应). It is a sad fact, especially when you consider how many families and homeless people are in hunger. 56. The numbers in Paragraph 1 tell us ． A. some people are poor B. food waste is serious C. the population is large D. the research is interesting
解析：根据关键词The numbers定位文章数字“130 billion”和“30%”，结合句意“在劳拉的国家，每年有1 300多亿磅未食用的食物被浪费掉。这大约占全年食物供应的30%。”可推测，这些数字告诉我们食物浪费严重。
(三)词义猜测题
　　词义猜测题主要考查学生对词汇在特定的语言环境中的意义的理解。这类题目主要分为两类。一类是非指代类，即根据语境选择某个生词的英文同义词。解此类题型时，可通过上下文语境分析或构词法来进行词义猜测。另一类是指代类，即it/they，this/that，these/those，here/there等指代的对象，一般代词所指代的内容多在此句话的前后句中。解题时，先找到指代的内容，然后把它放在代词的位置上，检查句意是否合理，前后内容是否一致，再判定它是否为正确答案。
例(2023年广东中考阅读B篇节选)
(Para. 4) Some animals can sense the earth's magnetic field(磁场), while humans can't. This magnetic field guides a certain kind of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back. How can this kind of fish do that It is still a mystery. Scientists have no good answers yet． 58. What does the underlined word “mystery” in Paragraph 4 probably mean A. Secret. B. Choice. C. Reason. D. Feeling.
解析：根据画线词所在句的后一句“科学家还没有很好的答案”可知，“这种鱼是如何通过感知地球的磁场游到很远的地方又游回来”这一问题仍是个谜。mystery意为“谜”，与secret同义。
(四)主旨大意题
　　主旨大意题主要考查学生对文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力，要求学生在理解段落或全文的基础上，归纳出段落或文章的大意、概括文章的中心思想或选出文章的标题。考查的类别主要有段落大意、标题归纳和篇章主旨三种。常见的干扰项主要有以下特征：以偏概全、宽泛笼统、判若水火、逻辑错误等。
例1 段落大意(2022年广东中考阅读B篇节选)
(Para. 1) Jerry is a world－famous mountain climber. He has climbed many high mountains in the world. Starting in 2015, he and his friends spent two years on an adventure(探险) in South America, covering 7，800 miles. He was even named Adventure of the Year by a famous geography magazine in 2018. 56. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about A. Jerry's friends. B. Jerry's achievements. C. High mountains. D. A geography magazine.
解析：根据题干定位第一段内容，通过文段可知，杰瑞爬过世界上的很多高山，且和朋友在南美探险，被评为“年度冒险家”。综合可知，该段主要讲的是杰瑞的成就，故选B。
例2 标题归纳(2023年广东中考阅读B篇节选)
　　Some animals can easily find their way home ... Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction. A certain kind of ants, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost ... Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell ... They are able to make a smell map of their flying area. Some animals can sense the earth's magnetic field (磁场), while humans can't. This magnetic field guides a certain kind of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back ... ... For example, many birds depend on stars for direction, ... 60. Which can be the best title for the passage A. Birds' Sense of Light B. Fish's Sense of Smell C. Animals' Sense of Direction D. Animals' Sense of Magnetic Field
解析：通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一些动物与生俱来的方向感。C选项“Animals' Sense of Direction”最适合作文章标题。
例3 篇章主旨(2020年广东中考阅读B篇节选)
　　Once there were many thousands of Gourma Desert(沙漠) elephants in Mali, a country in West Africa. Now, there are fewer than four hundred. 　　… 　　To protect the elephants' living environment, the Mali Elephant Project (MEP) was started in 2007 ... As a result, the situation became better and there was more food, forest and grassland. 　　However, from 2012 to 2016, poaching(偷猎) and illegal trade in the elephants increased rapidly … “If this situation goes on, all the Gourma elephants will be killed by 2020，” said a member of MEP. 　　… More organizations(组织) have joined together to educate the local people that trading elephants is against the law. Elephant poaching has dropped to a very low level … 60. This passage is mainly about ． A. the rules of using land and water B. the education of the local people C. the work of Mali Elephant Project D. the situation of Gourma Desert elephants