Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要词汇的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化单词、短语和句式,并学以致用。(学习能力)
3.通过对教材的理解,掌握动词-ing形式作主语和宾语的用法。(语言能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
拓展单词
1. adj.坚持的;执意的→ v.坚持
2. adj.坚定的;坚决的→ v.决定;确定
3. adj.乐观的;乐观主义的→(反义词) adj.悲观的;悲观主义的
4. adj.遵守纪律的→ n.纪律
5. adj.坚定的;尽心尽力的→ v.做出(错或非法的事);犯(罪或错等)→ n.投入;忠诚;奉献;承诺
6. adj.热心的;热衷的→ n.热心;热情
7. adj.有抱负的;有雄心的→ n.抱负;雄心
8. adj.感激的→ vt.欣赏;赏识
9. n.伤;损害→ vt.伤害;损害
10. n.合作;协作→ v.合作;协作
11. n.雇员→ vt.& n.雇用
12. adv.舒服地;舒适地→ adj.舒服的;舒适的
13. adj.内疚的;羞愧的→ n.内疚;悔恨
答案 1.persistent;persist 2.determined;determine
3.optimistic;pessimistic 4.disciplined;discipline 5.committed;commit;commitment 6.enthusiastic;enthusiasm 7.ambitious;ambition 8.appreciative;appreciate 9.injury;injure 10.cooperation;cooperate 11.employee;employ 12.comfortably;comfortable 13.guilty;guilt
构词规律
形容词后缀:-ent、-ic 名词后缀:-ment、-tion
persist(v.)→persistent(adj.) optimism (n.)→optimistic (adj.) commit (v.)→commitment (n.) cooperate (v.)→cooperation (n.)
Step 2 短语记诵
1.make sense
2.get 发迹;出人头地
3.drop 退出;脱离;辍学
4.give 泄露;赠送;捐赠
答案 1.有意义;解释得通 2.on 3.out 4.away
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.There are certainly no signs that Jason is a rich and successful man! (同位语从句)
翻译 没有迹象表明詹森是一个富有且成功的人!
仿写 We all know the fact .
我们都知道中国有五千多年的历史。
2.He is pleased to give up the lifestyle of a rich man.(“be+形容词+to do”结构)
翻译 他很乐意放弃富人的生活方式。
仿写 I shall in every way I can.
我将很高兴尽我所能来帮助你。
3.What I want is to live simply and be helpful to others.(动词不定式短语作表语)
翻译 我想要的是过简单的生活,帮助别人。
仿写 The only thing I can do now is .
我现在唯一能做的事就是继续努力学习。
答案 1.that China has a history of over five thousand years 2.be very pleased to help you 3.to go on studying hard
【合作探究】
新知探究
(仅供教师参考)
Angela Johnson interviews ex-millionaire Jason Harley
For a lot of people,becoming a millionaire is a symbol of success and they set this as their ultimate goal. They spend half of their time dreaming up ways of getting rich and achieving the success they expect,and the rest of their time thinking about all the things they will do once they become rich(1). But do all millionaires get the sense of success they were looking for after they achieve their goals(2) Some continue to worry about money when they become millionaires—they worked hard to become wealthy,but then they need to continue making money so they don't lose the sense of success they have achieved(3). However,there are people who have turned their backs on their millions and found other forms of success in their lives. Jason Harley is one example.
安吉拉·约翰逊采访前百万富翁詹森·哈利
对很多人来说,成为百万富翁是成功的象征,他们把这作为他们的最终目标。他们花一半时间想象各种发财和达到他们期望的成功的办法,剩下的时间则用来考虑一旦发了财,他们会干什么。但是,是否所有的百万富翁在实现他们的目标后都获得了他们所追求的成功感呢 有些人在成为百万富翁后仍然担心钱的问题——他们努力工作成为富人,但之后他们需要继续赚钱,这样他们才不会失去已经获得的成功感。然而,有些人却放弃了百万家财,找到了人生中其他形式的成功。詹森·哈利就是一个例子。
【助读点拨】
(1)they expect为定语从句,修饰先行词success;they will do也是定语从句,修饰先行词things;once they become rich为时间状语从句。
(2)they were looking for为定语从句,修饰先行词the sense of success;after they achieve their goals为时间状语从句。
(3)but连接表示转折关系的并列句;so连接表示因果关系的并列句;they have achieved为定语从句,修饰先行词the sense of success。
Sixteen years ago,Jason was a college professor with a huge six-bedroom house and a fortune of two million dollars. Today he lives in a small dormitory room with only second-hand furniture. There are certainly no signs that Jason is a rich and successful man! There is a small garden outside with a few fruit trees,which Jason enjoys taking care of(4). He also grows some vegetables and a few flowers. He gets his clothes and a lot of other things from charity shops.
16年前,詹森是一名大学教授,拥有一幢六间卧室的大房子和两百万美元的财产。今天他住在一个只有二手家具的小宿舍里。没有迹象表明詹森是一个富有且成功的人! 屋外有一个小花园,里面有几棵果树,詹森喜欢照料它们。他还种了一些蔬菜和花。他的衣服和其他很多东西都是从慈善商店买的。
【助读点拨】
(4)which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词fruit trees。
But Jason appreciates this change. He is pleased to give up the lifestyle of a rich man. He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life,as a person who had everything while many people had nothing(5). He made the choice to give all his money away. And this,he said,brought him happiness and a sense of success in life.
但是詹森很欣赏这种变化。他很乐意放弃富人的生活方式。他厌倦了被认为是一个过着成功的生活并拥有一切的人,而许多人却一无所有。他决定把自己的钱财都捐赠出去。他说,这给他的生活带来了快乐和成功感。
【助读点拨】
(5)who had everything为定语从句,修饰先行词a person;while引导表示对比关系的并列句。
“I don't need a lot of money. I don't want to buy more things. I have enough,” said Jason. “What I want is to live simply and be helpful to others. A few years ago,I was a millionaire,but I knew millions of people died of hunger every year,and there were places with no schools and no teachers. So many people could never go to school. They didn't have the chance to learn and get on in life. This worried me a lot and I felt very guilty being a rich man without doing anything.”
Therefore he gave away all his money to charities. Whenever he had more than two thousand dollars,he would give away small bank notes to homeless people in the streets of local areas. “It was a kind of satisfaction and a real sense of success that I had never felt before,” said Jason. “Sure,many people think that ‘success’ means having millions in the bank or a well-paid job. But I think my sense of achievement comes from helping others and finding true meaning in life(6).”
“我不需要很多钱。我不想买更多的东西。我拥有的足够了。”詹森说,“我想要的是过简单的生活,帮助别人。几年前,我是一个百万富翁,但我知道每年有数百万人死于饥饿。有些地方没有学校,没有老师。那么多人永远无法上学。他们没有接受教育和开启新生活的机会。这让我很担心,我为自己是一个有钱人却什么都不做而感到很内疚。”
因此他把所有的钱都捐给了慈善机构。无论什么时候,只要他有两千多美元,他就会在当地街道上向无家可归的人赠送小额钞票。“这是一种我从未有过的满足感和真正的成就感。”詹森说,“当然,许多人认为‘成功’意味着银行里有数百万美元或者有一份高薪工作。但我认为我的成就感来自帮助别人并找到生活的真谛。”
【助读点拨】
(6)think 后为省略that的宾语从句,其中and连接两个动词-ing形式作come from的宾语。
Most people believe when they are living comfortably and earning enough money,they will have no worries.(7) However,most people never feel they have earned enough. Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle,and he discovered that having only a little money made him free. Are there any things he misses from his past(8) “No,I'm much happier now,because I am living according to my values. Success is not measured by how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life.(9)”
大多数人相信,当他们生活舒适,并挣到足够的钱时,他们就不会有任何烦恼。然而,大多数人总是觉得自己挣得不够。詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式,他发现只拥有少量金钱使他获得了自由。他怀念过去的东西吗 “不,我现在快乐多了,因为我是按照自己的价值观生活的。成功不是看你有多少钱,而是看你如何理解生活的真谛。”
【助读点拨】
(7)Most people believe后为宾语从句,其中when...enough money为时间状语从句。
(8)此处为省略关系代词that的定语从句,修饰先行词things。
(9)how much money you have和how you understand the true meaning of life都作介词by的宾语。
核 心 单 词
知识点1 determined adj.坚定的;坚决的 *determine v.确定;决定 *determination n.决心;坚定;果断
(P28)If you want to be successful,you really need to be passionate and determined about what you do.
如果你想成功,你真的要对你做的事抱有热情和决心。
知识拓展
be determined to do... 决心做……(表示状态)
determine to do... 决定做……(表示动作)
determine on/upon 决定
with determination 坚决地;果断地
经典佳句
My sister Lily is determined to go to Beijing University. She is a determined girl,so we know that once she has determined upon doing something,she will make her dream come true with great determination.
我姐姐莉莉决心要去北京大学。她是一个坚定的女孩,所以我们知道,一旦她下定决心要做某事,她将以极大的决心实现她的梦想。
名师点拨
(1)在英语中,determined to do sth常以状语形式出现,以此为考点的类似结构还有faced with、satisfied with、lost in、caught in、absorbed in、devoted to、buried in、convinced that...等。
(2)be determined to do...表示状态,是一种延续状态,可以与表示一段时间的状语连用,而determine to do...表示动作,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:
He determined to do it for a long time.(误)
He was determined to do it for a long time.(正)
融会应用
Ⅰ.同义句改写
(1)I have determined to spend my holiday at home.
→I have my holiday at home.
Ⅱ.句式升级
(2)Johnny broke away and ran outside and he was determined never to go to another dance.
→Johnny broke away and ran outside, .(形容词短语作状语)
答案 (1)determined on/upon spending
(2)determined never to go to another dance
知识点2 committed adj.坚定的;尽心尽力的 *commit vt.保证;承诺;犯(罪或错等) *commitment n.承诺;投入;奉献;忠诚
(P28)A successful person always remains committed and focused.
一个成功的人总是保持坚定且专注。
知识拓展
commit sb/oneself (to sth/to doing sth) 承诺(做某事)
be committed to doing sth 致力于做某事
commit suicide/a crime 自杀/犯罪
commit sb to sth (下令)把某人送进(医院或监狱等)
经典佳句
John made a commitment to his mother that he would be a musician. Since then,he has been committed to practising the piano.
约翰对他的妈妈承诺,他会成为一名音乐家。从那时起,他一直坚持练习弹钢琴。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Borrowers should think carefully before committing themselves to (take) out a loan.
(2)The council has committed large amounts of money housing projects.
(3)It is an open question how long that (commit) can last.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)(2023·广东湛江模拟)There are many people , but they do not believe they have the power to do anything to improve our environment.
有很多人和你一样有这样的承诺,但他们不相信自己有能力做些事情来改善我们的环境。
答案 (1)taking (2)to (3)commitment (4)who have a commitment like yours
知识点3 enthusiastic adj.热心的;热衷的 *enthusiasm n.热情;热心;热衷的事物
*enthusiast n.爱好者;热心者
(牛津词典)Try to be as enthusiastic as possible!
尽量表现出热情!
知识拓展
an enthusiastic welcome 热烈欢迎
be enthusiastic about 对某事热心
be enthusiastic to do sth 喜欢做某事
经典佳句
My friend is an enthusiastic musician,who is enthusiastic about composing new songs.
我的朋友是一位热情的音乐家,他热衷于创作新歌。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)He is enthusiastic both study and physical labour.
(2)And as you can see,the children were really encouraged,and they were also enthusiastic (read) all of these books.
(3)Without correct leadership, the (enthusiastic) of the masses cannot be sustained.
答案 (1)about (2)to read (3)enthusiasm
知识点4 injury n.伤;损害 *injure vt.伤害;损害 *injured adj.受伤的
(牛津词典)Two players are out of the team because of injury.
两名队员因伤退出了比赛。
知识拓展
do sb/oneself an injury=do an injury to sb/oneself 使某人/自己受伤害
get injured 受伤
the injured 伤员
经典佳句
The accident caused serious injury to the passengers. The injured were soon rushed to the nearest hospital.
事故造成乘客严重受伤。伤者很快被送往最近的医院。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)These chemicals come from the (injure) parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.
(2)There's no denying that the attack has done a severe (injure) to his reputation.
答案 (1)injured (2)injury
知识点5 employee n.雇员 *employ vt.& n. 雇用 *employment n.雇用;职业;就业 *employer n.雇主;老板
(牛津词典)The firm has over 500 employees.
这家公司有500多名雇员。
知识拓展
employ sb to do... 雇用某人做……
employ...as... 雇用……当……
employ oneself in (doing)... 从事……;忙于……
be employed in (doing)...从事……;忙于……
in employment 就业;有工作
out of employment 失业
经典佳句
The employer decided to employ Tom as her secretary and she hoped to have a talk with her employees before he came to work.
老板决定雇用汤姆做她的秘书,她希望在他来上班前和雇员们谈一谈。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his (employ) enjoy their work.
(2)John has been out of (employ) for three years.
Ⅱ.句式升级
He was employed in reading and he didn't see Tom come in.
(3) ,he didn't see Tom come in.(动词-ed形式作状语)
(4) ,he didn't see Tom come in.(动词-ing形式作状语)
答案 (1)employees (2)employment (3)Employed in reading (4)Employing himself in reading
知识点6 symbol n.象征;标志 *symbolic adj.象征性的
(P30)For a lot of people,becoming a millionaire is a symbol of success and they set this as their ultimate goal.
对很多人来说,成为百万富翁是成功的象征,他们把这作为他们的最终目标。
知识拓展
a symbol of ……的象征
the symbol for ……的符号
the Olympic symbol 奥林匹克标志
the chemical symbol 化学符号
经典佳句
White has always been a symbol of purity in Western cultures.
在西方文化中,白色一向象征纯洁。
symbol 意为“符号;象征;代号;记号”,常表示某种有深远寓意的事物
signal 意为“信号;暗号;标志;预示”,指为某一目的而有意识发出的信号
(续表)
sign 表示“记号;符号”时,同symbol;表示“指示牌;标志”时,侧重指用图形、文字等表达的内容;另外还可指“征兆;迹象”
mark 普通用词,含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意识做的标记,又可指自然而然形成的标志或有别于其他事物的特征。也可用于指“分数;成绩”
融会应用
用symbol、signal、sign和mark的适当形式填空
(1)A code uses to replace words,phrases or sentences.
(2)Roger's horse has a white on its head.
(3)All I get is a busy whenever I dial his number.
(4)There is no of his getting over his illness in a short time.
答案 (1)symbols (2)mark (3)signal (4)sign
知识点7 achieve v.达到;实现;完成;成功 *achievement n.成就;成绩;达到;完成
(P30)They spend half of their time dreaming up ways of getting rich and achieving the success they expect,and the rest of their time thinking about all the things they will do once they become rich.
他们花一半时间想象各种发财和达到他们期望的成功的办法,剩下的时间则用来考虑一旦发了财,他们会干什么。
知识拓展
achieve one's purpose 达到目的
achieve peace 实现和平
achieve popularity 受到欢迎
achieve progress 取得进步
achieve reputation 获得名声
achieve success 取得成功
a sense of achievement 成就感
经典佳句
If your talent combines with diligence,you can achieve your dream one day.
如果你把天赋与勤奋结合起来,总有一天你会实现你的梦想。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)You can never make any (achieve) without any great efforts.
(2)Scott is quite confident that there will be no problems in (achieve) this project on time.
(3)We are aiming to build a peaceful school.I think it is every student's duty to work hard (achieve) this goal.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)(2023·福建厦门模拟)In the last few decades,China in environmental protection.
在过去的几十年里,中国在环保方面取得了巨大成就。
答案 (1)achievements (2)achieving (3)to achieve (4)has made great achievements
知识点8 fortune n.大笔的钱;巨款;命运;运气 *fortunate adj.幸运的 *fortunately adv.幸好;幸运的是;幸运地
(P30)Sixteen years ago,Jason was a college professor with a huge six-bedroom house and a fortune of two million dollars.
16年前,詹森是一名大学教授,拥有一幢六间卧室的大房子和两百万美元的财产。
知识拓展
have/be in good/bad fortune运气好/坏
make a/one's fortune发财致富
seek one's fortune找出路
try one's fortune碰运气
经典佳句
By investing wisely,she accumulated a fortune.
通过理智投资,她积累了一笔财富。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The boy fell into the lake and it was (fortune) that the water was shallow.
(2) (fortunately) for Tom,he has hurt his leg and won't be able to play in tomorrow's football match.
(3)One thousand dollars a month is not a (fortunate) but would help cover my living expenses.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)(2023·重庆南开中学模拟)All people, whether they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help since the disaster.
自灾难发生以来,所有人,无论老少或贫富,都在尽力帮助那些不幸的人。
答案 (1)fortunate (2)Unfortunately (3)fortune
(4)those unfortunate people
知识点9 hunger n.饥饿;饥荒 *hungry adj.饥饿的;挨饿的
(P31)A few years ago,I was a millionaire,but I knew millions of people died of hunger every year,and there were places with no schools and no teachers.
几年前,我是一个百万富翁,但我知道每年有数百万人死于饥饿。有些地方没有学校,没有老师。
知识拓展
have a hunger for 渴望……
die of hunger 死于饥饿
hunger to do sth 渴望做某事
hunger for/after sth 渴望得到某物
经典佳句
The disasters such as drought,a series of wars and the ongoing pandemic have left millions of Afghan people suffering from hunger.
灾害如干旱、一系列战争和正在进行的疫情,使数百万阿富汗人民遭受饥饿。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I don't know about the rest of you, but I'm (hunger).
(2)She hungered some contact outside her own circumscribed world.
(3)Molly still hunger find a job at a foreign company.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)(2023·河南郑州模拟)Our life is becoming better and better while in some countries .
我们的生活越来越好,但在一些国家有些人仍在挨饿。
答案 (1)hungry (2)for (3)to (4)there are still some people suffering from hunger
知识点10 appreciative adj.感激的;感谢的;欣赏的;赏识的 *appreciate vt.欣赏;鉴赏;赏识;感激 *appreciation n.评价;欣赏;理解;感激
(P106)Well,being grateful means you're always appreciative of what you have and what other people have done for you.
嗯,感恩意味着你总是感激你所拥有的和别人为你所做的。
知识拓展
appreciate doing sth欣赏/感激做某事
appreciate English poetry欣赏英文诗
appreciate good food品尝美食
appreciate one's help谢谢某人的帮助
I would appreciate it if... 假如……我将不胜感激。
in appreciation of 欣赏;感激
经典佳句
You made me understand that life is all about appreciation and understanding but must be appreciated first before understanding.
你让我明白,生活就是关于感激和理解,但在理解之前必须先感激。
名师点拨
(1)appreciate后只跟动词-ing形式,不跟动词不定式,而且不能用人作宾语。如:
Thanks for your help.We did appreciate you.(误)
Thanks for your help.We did appreciate it.(正)
(2)appreciate后跟宾语从句的时候,要在宾语从句的前面加上形式宾语it。有类似用法的动词还有hate、dislike、love、like等。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)We appreciate (work) with him,for he has a good sense of humour.
(2)I'd appreciate if you would turn the radio down.
(3)She shows little or no (appreciate) of good music.
Ⅱ.同义句改写
(4)I would be grateful to you if you could reply at your earliest convenience.
→ , if you could reply at your earliest convenience.(用appreciate改写)
答案 (1)working (2)it (3)appreciation (4)I would appreciate it
短 语 句 式
知识点11 make sense解释得通;有意义
(柯林斯词典)On the face of it that seems to make sense. But the figures don't add up.
乍一看,似乎讲得通,但这些数字对不起来。
知识拓展
make sense of 理解;弄懂
in a sense 在某种意义上
in no sense 决不(置于句首时句子用部分倒装)
there is no sense in doing sth 做某事毫无意义
be sensitive to 对……敏感
be sensible of 意识到……;察觉到……
经典佳句
In a sense,the sentence underlined in the passage was difficult. He couldn't make sense of it. At last,the teacher told him it didn't make sense,so there is no sense in analyzing its structure.
从某种意义上说,文中画线的那句话很难。他无法理解。最后,老师告诉他这句话讲不通,所以分析它的结构是没有意义的。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore water temperature.
我得知鱼是一种冷血动物,因此对水温非常敏感。
(2) the dangers of your position
你觉察出你处境中的危险了吗
(3)In no sense to be resolved.
无论如何这个问题都不能说已经被解决了。
答案 (1)is very sensitive to (2)Are you sensible of (3)can the issue/problem be said
知识点12 get on 发迹;出人头地
(P31)They didn't have the chance to learn and get on in life.
他们没有接受教育和开启新生活的机会。
知识拓展
get along/on with 进展;相处
get into 养成(某种习惯);陷入(某种情绪);处于(某种情形)
get across 使被理解
get over 克服;从……中恢复过来
get through 接通……的电话;完成;通过
get down to 认真对待;开始干;着手做
get away with (干坏事而)未受惩罚
经典佳句
Parents in China are eager for their children to have good grades.But it is not easy for children to get down to their study. Some of children even get into bad habits,which makes them hard to get along with.
中国的父母渴望他们的孩子有好成绩,但孩子们要专心学习并不容易。其中一些孩子甚至养成了坏习惯,这使他们很难与人相处。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)This mistake will difficulty.
这一错误将使他陷入困境。
(2)Don't attempt to cheat—you'll never it.
别想着作弊——你逃脱不了惩罚。
(3)A smile can help us difficult situations and make friends in a world of strangers.
微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关,在陌生人中交到朋友。
(4)It's impossible him.
根本无法跟他相处。
答案 (1)get him into (2)get away with (3)get through (4)to get on/along with
知识点13 give away泄露;赠送;捐赠
(P31)Therefore he gave away all his money to charities.
因此他把所有的钱都捐给了慈善机构。
知识拓展
give sth in (to sb) 呈上;交上
give out 分发;用完;耗尽;发出(热、光等)
give off 发出(气味、热等)
give up 放弃
give back 归还
give in (to sb/sth) 屈服;认输;投降
经典佳句
He was giving his collection away for nothing.
他将收藏品无偿捐献出来。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)Only a coward(胆小鬼) gives in his fate.
(2)At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving,but eventually he gave as she was so confident about her skills.
(3)Body language can give a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
(4)We had just reached home when the petrol gave .
答案 (1)to (2)in (3)away (4)out
知识点14 drop out 退出;脱离;辍学;掉落
(P31)Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle,and he discovered that having only a little money made him free.
詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式,他发现只拥有少量金钱使他获得了自由。
知识拓展
drop back/behind 落后;被抛在后面
drop in on 顺道拜访
drop into 偶然进入
drop off 衰退;减弱;昏昏欲睡
经典佳句
The window was open,and the flower pot just dropped out.
窗户开着,花盆就掉了出去。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)They would unexpectedly us.
他们会突然顺道来访。
(2)The colt was struggling to stay with the pace but started to .
那匹小马奋力要跟上,但还是开始落后了。
(3)Struggle as she might,she kept .
她尽力克制,但还是不停地打瞌睡。
答案 (1)drop in on (2)drop back/behind (3)dropping off
知识点15 动词不定式短语作表语
(P31)What I want is to live simply and be helpful to others.
我想要的是过简单的生活,帮助别人。
知识拓展
本句中动词不定式短语作表语。
主语是以aim、 ambition、 duty、 hope、 idea、 intention、 plan、 purpose、 suggestion等为中心词的名词词组或what引导的名词性从句时,后面用动词不定式说明其内容。
My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.
我的想法是从北面攀登这座山。
Our plan is to make better use of these materials.
我们的计划是更好地利用这些材料。
What I would suggest is to start working at once.
我要建议的是立刻开始工作。
名师点拨
动词-ing形式作主语和表语与动词不定式作主语和表语的主要区别:在表示比较抽象的、一般的、多次性行为时多用动词-ing形式;在表示具体的或一次性的动作,特别是将来的动作时,多用动词不定式。
My job is teaching.
我的工作是教书。
My job is to teach you English this term.
我这一学期的工作是教你们英语。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)The next step is that
you know exactly what is required.
下一步要弄清楚你真正需要的是什么。
(2)The purpose of education is a fine personality in children.
教育的目的是培养孩子良好的人格。
答案 (1)to make sure (2)to develop
知识点16 whenever 引导让步状语从句
(P31)Whenever he had more than two thousand dollars,he would give away small bank notes to homeless people in the streets of local areas.
无论什么时候,只要他有两千多美元,他就会在当地街道上向无家可归的人赠送小额钞票。
知识拓展
此处whenever引导让步状语从句,相当于no matter when。
(1)whenever、wherever、however引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter when/where/how。
(2)whatever、whoever、whichever、whomever既可引导名词性从句,也可引导让步状语从句,在引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
(3)“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,可放在主句前或主句后。
融会应用
同义句改写
(1)Whatever happens, I will stand by you.
→ happens, I will stand by you.
(2)No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.
→ breaks the law should be punished.
答案 (1)No matter what (2)Whoever
语法探究
动词-ing形式作主语和宾语
自主探究
阅读下列句子,并注意黑体部分的用法。
①Since then,finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.
②As a young man,he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.
③Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.
④However,he doesn't care about being famous.
⑤He enjoys listening to violin music,playing mahjong,swimming and reading.
⑥Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.
⑦Just dreaming for things,however,costs nothing.
⑧He awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.
⑨Mary's being late for class made her teacher angry.
⑩It is no use arguing with him about such a matter.
我的发现
(1)以上动词-ing形式在句中作主语的是句 ;作动词宾语的是句 ;作介词(短语)宾语的是句 。
(2)句⑨中为 作主语。
(3)句⑩中it作 。
答案 (1)①⑥⑦⑨⑩; ⑤; ②③④⑧ (2)动词-ing形式的复合结构 (3)形式主语
探究点1 动词-ing形式作主语
1.动词-ing形式作主语时,往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,通常置于句首。
Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.
大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。
Wasting a person's time is the same as killing him for his property.
浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。
名师点拨
(1)动词不定式作主语通常表示具体的或一次性的动作。
To lie to her is wrong.
对她撒谎不对。
(2)动词-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.对老人来说,爬山确实很难。
2.形式主语it代替动词-ing形式作主语。
常见的此类句式:
①it's a waste of time doing sth做某事浪费时间
②it's useless/worthwhile doing sth做某事没用/是值得的
③it's no good/use/fun doing sth做某事没好处/没用/没意思
It is no use waiting for other people to make decisions for you.
等别人替你做决定是没有用的。
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.
劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。
探究点2 动词-ing形式作宾语
1.作动词的宾语
常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆:
避免错过少延期(avoid,miss,postpone)
建议完成多练习(advise/suggest,finish,practise)
喜欢想象常考虑(enjoy,imagine,consider)
承认否定与嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape,risk,excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind)
Would you mind opening the window
你介意打开窗户吗
I don't like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.
虽然我不喜欢看电视,但是我喜欢听收音机。
He tried to avoid answering my questions.
他试图对我的问题避而不答。
2.作动词短语的宾语
常见的跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词短语:insist on、 object to、 lead to、 put off、 give up、 look forward to、 feel like、 devote to、 get/be used to、 pay attention to等。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
3.在有些动词的后面,如start、 begin等,既可接动词-ing形式也可接动词不定式作宾语,两者意义区别不大。
Then he began telling/to tell us a story.
然后他开始给我们讲故事。
4.在love、 hate、 prefer、 like等动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作,用动词不定式作宾语指具体的动作。
He preferred staying in the house when it rained.(用动词-ing形式作宾语,指每逢下雨天都待在家里。)
下雨时他宁愿待在家里。
I prefer to stay at home this afternoon.(用动词不定式作宾语,表示今天下午留在家里这一具体的动作。)
今天下午我宁愿留在家里。
5.有些动词(短语)后跟动词不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可,但含义不同。
动词 宾语的形式 意义
forget to do 忘记要去做……
doing 忘记做过……
remember to do 记得要去做……
doing 记得做过……
regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要去做……
doing 后悔做了……
动词 宾语的形式 意义
try to do 尽力做……
doing 尝试做……
mean to do 打算做……
doing 意味着……
go on to do 接着做(另外一件事)
doing 接着做(同一件事)
stop to do 停下来去做某事
doing 停止做某事
Please remember to give my best regards to your family.
请记得代我向你的家人问好。
I still remember visiting the museum for the first time.
我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。
6.下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
need/want/require/deserve doing=need/want/require/deserve to be done
The bike needs repairing/to be repaired.
这辆自行车需要修一下。
探究点3 动词-ing形式的否定形式
动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not,带有逻辑主语时,not应放在逻辑主语和动词-ing形式之间。
You have no excuse for not going.
你没有理由不去。
He was punished for not having done his homework.
他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。
探究点4 动词-ing形式的复合结构
动词-ing形式的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词-ing,即“sb/sb's+doing”构成。动词-ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词-ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词-ing形式的复合结构有四种形式:
①形容词性物主代词+动词-ing
②名词's+动词-ing
③代词宾格+动词-ing
④名词+动词-ing
Her coming to help encouraged all of us.
她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。
The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.
这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。
Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home
你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗
名师点拨
(1)动词-ing形式的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时,不能用③④两种形式。
(2)无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用形式②。
Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.
汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。
Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now
你介意我/杰克现在离开吗
【随堂检测】
夯实基础
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.She was a brave and (determine) girl with rich imagination.
2.They require a bigger (commit) than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
3.The government has announced an (ambition) programme to modernize the railway network.
4.Madame Curie made great contributions to the development of science,but money and reputation made no sense her.
5.Two years ago, I broke my arm while playing football.The (injure) was quite painful.
6.The knee's coming on fine. I'm walking (comfortable) already.
7.In this letter, I would like to convey my sincere appreciation your help.
8.He is addicted to computer games;that's why he has to drop out school.
答案 1.determined 2.commitment 3.ambitious
4.to 5.injury 6.comfortably 7.for 8.of
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.Be careful! will be dangerous.
小心点!玩火会带来危险。
2. in summer.
在夏天,游泳是一项好的体育活动。
3.It is useful for someone who is .
这对于正在努力戒烟的人来说很有用。
4.I have never .
我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。
5.It's quite hot today. Do you feel like
今天很热。你想去游泳吗
6.I the letter but the stamp.
我记得要去寄信,可忘了买邮票。
7.Missing the train means .
误了这班火车就意味着再等一个小时。
8.Excuse me for .
原谅我没能按时来。
9.I'm sorry for .
抱歉,我没有遵守我的承诺。
答案 1.To play with fire 2.Swimming is a good sport 3.trying to give up smoking 4.dreamed of visiting that place 5.going for a swim 6.remembered to mail;forgot to buy 7.waiting for another hour 8.my not coming on time 9.not having kept my promise
衔接高考
单句填空
1.(2021·新高考Ⅰ)My life as a tax-paying (employ) person began in middle school,when,for three whole days,I worked in a baking factory.
2.(2021·浙江)He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and (determine).
3.(2022·浙江) Sometimes our purpose is (achieve)something;other times it may be to entertain,inform,or persuade.
4.(2022·浙江1月)Not only did we chat about the favourite pastimes and foods of the people there,but you also (describe) a beautiful culture that I wish one day to have the chance to experience myself.
5.(2022·新高考Ⅱ)I'd appreciate if you take my invitation into consideration.
6.(2020·天津)The thief tries to escape. And the officer can't let him get .
7.(2021·天津第一次)“The important thing is the technologist associates what is happening outside the patient's body with what the patient sees in his head,” Ms L'Ecuyer said.
答案 1.employed 2.determination 3.to achieve
4.described 5.it 6.away 7.that
2(共89张PPT)
UNIT 2 SUCCESS
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要词汇的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化单词、短语和句式,并学以致用。(学习能力)
3.通过对教材的理解,掌握动词-ing形式作主语和宾语的用法。(语言能力)
拓展单词
1. adj.坚持的;执意的→ v.坚持
2. adj.坚定的;坚决的→ v.决定;确定
3. adj.乐观的;乐观主义的→(反义词) adj.悲观的;悲观主义的
4. adj.遵守纪律的→ n.纪律
5. adj.坚定的;尽心尽力的→ v.做出(错或非法的事);犯(罪或错等)→ n.投入;忠诚;奉献;承诺
6. adj.热心的;热衷的→ n.热心;热情
persistent persist
determined determine
optimistic pessimistic
disciplined discipline
committed commit
commitment
enthusiastic enthusiasm
7. adj.有抱负的;有雄心的→ n.抱负;雄心
8. adj.感激的→ vt.欣赏;赏识
9. n.伤;损害→ vt.伤害;损害
10. n.合作;协作→ v.合作;协作
11. n.雇员→ vt.& n.雇用
12. adv.舒服地;舒适地→ adj.舒服的;舒适的
13. adj.内疚的;羞愧的→ n.内疚;悔恨
ambitious ambition
appreciative appreciate
cooperation cooperate
injury injure
employee employ
comfortably comfortable
guilty guilt
形容词后缀:-ent、-ic 名词后缀:-ment、-tion
persist(v.)→persistent(adj.) optimism (n.)→optimistic (adj.) commit (v.)→commitment (n.)
cooperate (v.)→cooperation (n.)
1.make sense
2.get 发迹;出人头地
3.drop 退出;脱离;辍学
4.give 泄露;赠送;捐赠
有意义;解释得通
on
out
away
1.There are certainly no signs that Jason is a rich and successful man! (同位语从句)
翻译 没有迹象表明詹森是一个富有且成功的人!
仿写 We all know the fact .
我们都知道中国有五千多年的历史。
2.He is pleased to give up the lifestyle of a rich man.(“be+形容词+to do”结构)
翻译 他很乐意放弃富人的生活方式。
仿写 I shall in every way I can.
我将很高兴尽我所能来帮助你。
that China has a history of over five thousand years
be very pleased to help you
3.What I want is to live simply and be helpful to others.(动词不定式短语作表语)
翻译 我想要的是过简单的生活,帮助别人。
仿写 The only thing I can do now is .
我现在唯一能做的事就是继续努力学习。
to go on studying hard
核 心 单 词
(P28)If you want to be successful,you really need to be passionate and determined about what you do.
如果你想成功,你真的要对你做的事抱有热情和决心。
知识点1 determined adj.坚定的;坚决的 *determine v.确定;决定 *determination n.决心;坚定;果断
be determined to do... 决心做……(表示状态)
determine to do... 决定做……(表示动作)
determine on/upon 决定
with determination 坚决地;果断地
My sister Lily is determined to go to Beijing University. She is a determined girl,so we know that once she has determined upon doing something,she will make her dream come true with great determination.
我姐姐莉莉决心要去北京大学。她是一个坚定的女孩,所以我们知道,一旦她下定决心要做某事,她将以极大的决心实现她的梦想。
(1)在英语中,determined to do sth常以状语形式出现,以此为考点的类似结构还有faced with、satisfied with、lost in、caught in、absorbed in、devoted to、buried in、convinced that...等。
(2)be determined to do...表示状态,是一种延续状态,可以与表示一段时间的状语连用,而determine to do...表示动作,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:
He determined to do it for a long time.(误)
He was determined to do it for a long time.(正)
Ⅰ.同义句改写
(1)I have determined to spend my holiday at home.
→I have my holiday at home.
Ⅱ.句式升级
(2)Johnny broke away and ran outside and he was determined never to go to another dance.
→Johnny broke away and ran outside, .(形容词短语作状语)
determined on/upon spending
determined never to go to another dance
(P28)A successful person always remains committed and focused.
一个成功的人总是保持坚定且专注。
知识点2 committed adj.坚定的;尽心尽力的 *commit vt.保证;承诺;犯(罪或错等) *commitment n.承诺;投入;奉献;忠诚
commit sb/oneself (to sth/to doing sth) 承诺(做某事)
be committed to doing sth 致力于做某事
commit suicide/a crime 自杀/犯罪
commit sb to sth (下令)把某人送进(医院或监狱等)
John made a commitment to his mother that he would be a musician. Since then,he has been committed to practising the piano.
约翰对他的妈妈承诺,他会成为一名音乐家。从那时起,他一直坚持练习弹钢琴。
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Borrowers should think carefully before committing themselves to __________(take) out a loan.
(2)The council has committed large amounts of money housing projects.
(3)It is an open question how long that (commit) can last.
taking
to
commitment
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)(2023·广东湛江模拟)There are many people , but they do not believe they have the power to do anything to improve our environment.
有很多人和你一样有这样的承诺,但他们不相信自己有能力做些事情来改善我们的环境。
who have a commitment like yours
(牛津词典)Try to be as enthusiastic as possible!
尽量表现出热情!
知识点3 enthusiastic adj.热心的;热衷的 *enthusiasm n.热情;热心;热衷的事物
*enthusiast n.爱好者;热心者
an enthusiastic welcome 热烈欢迎
be enthusiastic about 对某事热心
be enthusiastic to do sth 喜欢做某事
My friend is an enthusiastic musician,who is enthusiastic about composing new songs.
我的朋友是一位热情的音乐家,他热衷于创作新歌。
单句填空
(1)He is enthusiastic both study and physical labour.
(2)And as you can see,the children were really encouraged,and they were also enthusiastic (read) all of these books.
(3)Without correct leadership, the (enthusiastic) of the masses cannot be sustained.
about
to read
enthusiasm
(牛津词典)Two players are out of the team because of injury.
两名队员因伤退出了比赛。
知识点4 injury n.伤;损害 *injure vt.伤害;损害 *injured adj.受伤的
do sb/oneself an injury=do an injury to sb/oneself 使某人/自己受伤害
get injured 受伤
the injured 伤员
The accident caused serious injury to the passengers. The injured were soon rushed to the nearest hospital.
事故造成乘客严重受伤。伤者很快被送往最近的医院。
单句填空
(1)These chemicals come from the (injure) parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.
(2)There's no denying that the attack has done a severe (injure) to his reputation.
injured
injury
知识点5 employee n.雇员 *employ vt.& n. 雇用 *employment n.雇用;职业;就业 *employer n.雇主;老板
(牛津词典)The firm has over 500 employees.
这家公司有500多名雇员。
employ sb to do... 雇用某人做……
employ...as... 雇用……当……
employ oneself in (doing)... 从事……;忙于……
be employed in (doing)...从事……;忙于……
in employment 就业;有工作
out of employment 失业
The employer decided to employ Tom as her secretary and she hoped to have a talk with her
employees before he came to work.
老板决定雇用汤姆做她的秘书,她希望在他来上班前和雇员们谈一谈。
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his
(employ) enjoy their work.
(2)John has been out of (employ) for three years.
Ⅱ.句式升级
He was employed in reading and he didn't see Tom come in.
(3) ,he didn't see Tom come in.(动词-ed形式作状语)
(4) ,he didn't see Tom come in.(动词-ing形式作状语)
employees
employment
Employed in reading
Employing himself in reading
(P30)For a lot of people,becoming a millionaire is a symbol of success and they set this as their ultimate goal.
对很多人来说,成为百万富翁是成功的象征,他们把这作为他们的最终目标。
知识点6 symbol n.象征;标志 *symbolic adj.象征性的
a symbol of ……的象征
the symbol for ……的符号
the Olympic symbol 奥林匹克标志
the chemical symbol 化学符号
White has always been a symbol of purity in Western cultures.
在西方文化中,白色一向象征纯洁。
symbol 意为“符号;象征;代号;记号”,常表示某种有深远寓意的事物
signal 意为“信号;暗号;标志;预示”,指为某一目的而有意识发出的信号
sign 表示“记号;符号”时,同symbol;表示“指示牌;标志”时,侧重指用图形、文字等表达的内容;另外还可指“征兆;迹象”
mark 普通用词,含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意识做的标记,又可指自然而然形成的标志或有别于其他事物的特征。也可用于指“分数;成绩”
用symbol、signal、sign和mark的适当形式填空
(1)A code uses to replace words,phrases or sentences.
(2)Roger's horse has a white on its head.
(3)All I get is a busy whenever I dial his number.
(4)There is no of his getting over his illness in a short time.
symbols
mark
signal
sign
(P30)They spend half of their time dreaming up ways of getting rich and achieving the success they expect,and the rest of their time thinking about all the things they will do once they become rich.
他们花一半时间想象各种发财和达到他们期望的成功的办法,剩下的时间则用来考虑一旦发了财,他们会干什么。
知识点7 achieve v.达到;实现;完成;成功 *achievement n.成就;成绩;达到;完成
achieve one's purpose 达到目的
achieve peace 实现和平
achieve popularity 受到欢迎
achieve progress 取得进步
achieve reputation 获得名声
achieve success 取得成功
a sense of achievement 成就感
If your talent combines with diligence,you can achieve your dream one day.
如果你把天赋与勤奋结合起来,总有一天你会实现你的梦想。
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)You can never make any (achieve) without any great efforts.
(2)Scott is quite confident that there will be no problems in (achieve) this project on time.
(3)We are aiming to build a peaceful school.I think it is every student's duty to work hard (achieve) this goal.
achievements
achieving
to achieve
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)(2023·福建厦门模拟)In the last few decades,China in environmental protection.
在过去的几十年里,中国在环保方面取得了巨大成就。
has made great achievements
(P30)Sixteen years ago,Jason was a college professor with a huge six-bedroom house and a fortune of two million dollars.
16年前,詹森是一名大学教授,拥有一幢六间卧室的大房子和两百万美元的财产。
知识点8 fortune n.大笔的钱;巨款;命运;运气 *fortunate adj.幸运的 *fortunately adv.幸好;幸运的是;幸运地
have/be in good/bad fortune运气好/坏
make a/one's fortune发财致富
seek one's fortune找出路
try one's fortune碰运气
By investing wisely,she accumulated a fortune.
通过理智投资,她积累了一笔财富。
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The boy fell into the lake and it was (fortune) that the water was shallow.
(2) (fortunately) for Tom,he has hurt his leg and won't be able to play in tomorrow's football match.
(3)One thousand dollars a month is not a (fortunate) but would help cover my living expenses.
fortunate
Unfortunately
fortune
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)(2023·重庆南开中学模拟)All people, whether they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help since the disaster.
自灾难发生以来,所有人,无论老少或贫富,都在尽力帮助那些不幸的人。
those unfortunate people
(P31)A few years ago,I was a millionaire,but I knew millions of people died of hunger every year,and there were places with no schools and no teachers.
几年前,我是一个百万富翁,但我知道每年有数百万人死于饥饿。有些地方没有学校,没有老师。
知识点9 hunger n.饥饿;饥荒 *hungry adj.饥饿的;挨饿的
have a hunger for 渴望……
die of hunger 死于饥饿
hunger to do sth 渴望做某事
hunger for/after sth 渴望得到某物
The disasters such as drought,a series of wars and the ongoing pandemic have left millions of Afghan people suffering from hunger.
灾害如干旱、一系列战争和正在进行的疫情,使数百万阿富汗人民遭受饥饿。
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I don't know about the rest of you, but I'm (hunger).
(2)She hungered some contact outside her own circumscribed world.
(3)Molly still hunger find a job at a foreign company.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)(2023·河南郑州模拟)Our life is becoming better and better while in some countries
.
我们的生活越来越好,但在一些国家有些人仍在挨饿。
hungry
for
to
there are still some people suffering from hunger
(P106)Well,being grateful means you're always appreciative of what you have and what other people have done for you.
嗯,感恩意味着你总是感激你所拥有的和别人为你所做的。
知识点10 appreciative adj.感激的;感谢的;欣赏的;赏识的 *appreciate vt.欣赏;鉴赏;赏识;感激 *appreciation n.评价;欣赏;理解;感激
appreciate doing sth欣赏/感激做某事
appreciate English poetry欣赏英文诗
appreciate good food品尝美食
appreciate one's help谢谢某人的帮助
I would appreciate it if... 假如……我将不胜感激。
in appreciation of 欣赏;感激
You made me understand that life is all about appreciation and understanding but must be appreciated first before understanding.
你让我明白,生活就是关于感激和理解,但在理解之前必须先感激。
(1)appreciate后只跟动词-ing形式,不跟动词不定式,而且不能用人作宾语。如:
Thanks for your help.We did appreciate you.(误)
Thanks for your help.We did appreciate it.(正)
(2)appreciate后跟宾语从句的时候,要在宾语从句的前面加上形式宾语it。有类似用法的动词还有hate、dislike、love、like等。
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)We appreciate (work) with him,for he has a good sense of humour.
(2)I'd appreciate if you would turn the radio down.
(3)She shows little or no (appreciate) of good music.
Ⅱ.同义句改写
(4)I would be grateful to you if you could reply at your earliest convenience.
→ , if you could reply at your earliest convenience.(用appreciate改写)
working
it
appreciation
I would appreciate it
(柯林斯词典)On the face of it that seems to make sense. But the figures don't add up.
乍一看,似乎讲得通,但这些数字对不起来。
短 语 句 式
知识点11 make sense解释得通;有意义
make sense of 理解;弄懂
in a sense 在某种意义上
in no sense 决不(置于句首时句子用部分倒装)
there is no sense in doing sth 做某事毫无意义
be sensitive to 对……敏感
be sensible of 意识到……;察觉到……
In a sense,the sentence underlined in the passage was difficult. He couldn't make sense of it. At last,the teacher told him it didn't make sense,so there is no sense in analyzing its structure.
从某种意义上说,文中画线的那句话很难。他无法理解。最后,老师告诉他这句话讲不通,所以分析它的结构是没有意义的。
单句写作
(1)I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore
water temperature.
我得知鱼是一种冷血动物,因此对水温非常敏感。
(2) the dangers of your position
你觉察出你处境中的危险了吗
(3)In no sense to be resolved.
无论如何这个问题都不能说已经被解决了。
is very sensitive to
Are you sensible of
can the issue/problem be said
(P31)They didn't have the chance to learn and get on in life.
他们没有接受教育和开启新生活的机会。
知识点12 get on 发迹;出人头地
get along/on with 进展;相处
get into 养成(某种习惯);陷入(某种情绪);处于(某种情形)
get across 使被理解
get over 克服;从……中恢复过来
get through 接通……的电话;完成;通过
get down to 认真对待;开始干;着手做
get away with (干坏事而)未受惩罚
Parents in China are eager for their children to have good grades.But it is not easy for children to get down to their study. Some of children even get into bad habits,which makes them hard to get along with.
中国的父母渴望他们的孩子有好成绩,但孩子们要专心学习并不容易。其中一些孩子甚至养成了坏习惯,这使他们很难与人相处。
单句写作
(1)This mistake will difficulty.
这一错误将使他陷入困境。
(2)Don't attempt to cheat—you'll never it.
别想着作弊——你逃脱不了惩罚。
(3)A smile can help us difficult situations and make friends in a world of strangers.
微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关,在陌生人中交到朋友。
(4)It's impossible him.
根本无法跟他相处。
get him into
get away with
get through
to get on/along with
(P31)Therefore he gave away all his money to charities.
因此他把所有的钱都捐给了慈善机构。
知识点13 give away泄露;赠送;捐赠
give sth in (to sb) 呈上;交上
give out 分发;用完;耗尽;发出(热、光等)
give off 发出(气味、热等)
give up 放弃
give back 归还
give in (to sb/sth) 屈服;认输;投降
He was giving his collection away for nothing.
他将收藏品无偿捐献出来。
单句填空
(1)Only a coward(胆小鬼) gives in his fate.
(2)At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving,but eventually he gave
as she was so confident about her skills.
(3)Body language can give a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
(4)We had just reached home when the petrol gave .
to
in
away
out
(P31)Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle,and he discovered that having only a little money made him free.
詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式,他发现只拥有少量金钱使他获得了自由。
知识点14 drop out 退出;脱离;辍学;掉落
drop back/behind 落后;被抛在后面
drop in on 顺道拜访
drop into 偶然进入
drop off 衰退;减弱;昏昏欲睡
The window was open,and the flower pot just dropped out.
窗户开着,花盆就掉了出去。
单句写作
(1)They would unexpectedly us.
他们会突然顺道来访。
(2)The colt was struggling to stay with the pace but started to
.
那匹小马奋力要跟上,但还是开始落后了。
(3)Struggle as she might,she kept .
她尽力克制,但还是不停地打瞌睡。
drop in on
drop back/behind
dropping off
(P31)What I want is to live simply and be helpful to others.
我想要的是过简单的生活,帮助别人。
知识点15 动词不定式短语作表语
本句中动词不定式短语作表语。主语是以aim、 ambition、 duty、 hope、 idea、 intention、 plan、 purpose、 suggestion等为中心词的名词词组或what引导的名词性从句时,后面用动词不定式说明其内容。My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.我的想法是从北面攀登这座山。Our plan is to make better use of these materials.我们的计划是更好地利用这些材料。What I would suggest is to start working at once.我要建议的是立刻开始工作。
动词-ing形式作主语和表语与动词不定式作主语和表语的主要区别:在表示比较抽象的、一般的、多次性行为时多用动词-ing形式;在表示具体的或一次性的动作,特别是将来的动作时,多用动词不定式。
My job is teaching.
我的工作是教书。
My job is to teach you English this term.
我这一学期的工作是教你们英语。
单句写作
(1)The next step is that you know exactly what is required.
下一步要弄清楚你真正需要的是什么。
(2)The purpose of education is a fine personality in children.
教育的目的是培养孩子良好的人格。
to make sure
to develop
(P31)Whenever he had more than two thousand dollars,he would give away small bank notes to homeless people in the streets of local areas.
无论什么时候,只要他有两千多美元,他就会在当地街道上向无家可归的人赠送小额钞票。
知识点16 whenever 引导让步状语从句
此处whenever引导让步状语从句,相当于no matter when。
(1)whenever、wherever、however引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter when/where/how。
(2)whatever、whoever、whichever、whomever既可引导名词性从句,也可引导让步状语从句,在引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
(3)“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,可放在主句前或主句后。
同义句改写
(1)Whatever happens, I will stand by you.
→ happens, I will stand by you.
(2)No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.
→ breaks the law should be punished.
No matter what
Whoever
阅读下列句子,并注意黑体部分的用法。
①Since then,finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.
②As a young man,he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.
③Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.
④However,he doesn't care about being famous.
动词-ing形式作主语和宾语
⑤He enjoys listening to violin music,playing mahjong,swimming and reading.
⑥Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.
⑦Just dreaming for things,however,costs nothing.
⑧He awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.
⑨Mary's being late for class made her teacher angry.
⑩It is no use arguing with him about such a matter.
(1)以上动词-ing形式在句中作主语的是句 ;作动词宾语的是句 ;作介词(短语)宾语的是句 。
(2)句⑨中为 作主语。
(3)句⑩中it作 。
①⑥⑦⑨⑩
⑤ ②③④⑧
动词-ing形式的复合结构
形式主语
1.动词-ing形式作主语时,往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,通常置于句首。
Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.
大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。
Wasting a person's time is the same as killing him for his property.
浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。
探究点1 动词-ing形式作主语
(1)动词不定式作主语通常表示具体的或一次性的动作。
To lie to her is wrong.
对她撒谎不对。
(2)动词-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.
对老人来说,爬山确实很难。
2.形式主语it代替动词-ing形式作主语。
常见的此类句式:
①it's a waste of time doing sth做某事浪费时间
②it's useless/worthwhile doing sth做某事没用/是值得的
③it's no good/use/fun doing sth做某事没好处/没用/没意思
It is no use waiting for other people to make decisions for you.
等别人替你做决定是没有用的。
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.
劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。
1.作动词的宾语
常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆:
避免错过少延期(avoid,miss,postpone)
建议完成多练习(advise/suggest,finish,practise)
喜欢想象常考虑(enjoy,imagine,consider)
承认否定与嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape,risk,excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind)
探究点2 动词-ing形式作宾语
Would you mind opening the window
你介意打开窗户吗
I don't like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.
虽然我不喜欢看电视,但是我喜欢听收音机。
He tried to avoid answering my questions.
他试图对我的问题避而不答。
2.作动词短语的宾语
常见的跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词短语:insist on、 object to、 lead to、 put off、 give up、 look forward to、 feel like、 devote to、 get/be used to、 pay attention to等。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
3.在有些动词的后面,如start、 begin等,既可接动词-ing形式也可接动词不定式作宾语,两者意义区别不大。
Then he began telling/to tell us a story.
然后他开始给我们讲故事。
4.在love、 hate、 prefer、 like等动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作,用动词不定式作宾语指具体的动作。
He preferred staying in the house when it rained.(用动词-ing形式作宾语,指每逢下雨天都待在家里。)
下雨时他宁愿待在家里。
I prefer to stay at home this afternoon.(用动词不定式作宾语,表示今天下午留在家里这一具体的动作。)
今天下午我宁愿留在家里。
5.有些动词(短语)后跟动词不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可,但含义不同。
动词 宾语的形式 意义
forget to do 忘记要去做……
doing 忘记做过……
remember to do 记得要去做……
doing 记得做过……
regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要去做……
doing 后悔做了……
try to do 尽力做……
doing 尝试做……
mean to do 打算做……
doing 意味着……
goon to do 接着做(另外一件事)
doing 接着做(同一件事)
stop to do 停下来去做某事
doing 停止做某事
Please remember to give my best regards to your family.
请记得代我向你的家人问好。
I still remember visiting the museum for the first time.
我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。
6.下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
need/want/require/deserve doing=need/want/require/deserve to be done
The bike needs repairing/to be repaired.
这辆自行车需要修一下。
动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not,带有逻辑主语时,not应放在逻辑主语和动词-ing形式之间。
You have no excuse for not going.
你没有理由不去。
He was punished for not having done his homework.
他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。
探究点3 动词-ing形式的否定形式
动词-ing形式的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词-ing,即“sb/sb's+doing”构成。动词-ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词-ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词-ing形式的复合结构有四种形式:
①形容词性物主代词+动词-ing
②名词's+动词-ing
③代词宾格+动词-ing
④名词+动词-ing
探究点4 动词-ing形式的复合结构
Her coming to help encouraged all of us.
她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。
The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.
这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。
Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home
你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗
(1)动词-ing形式的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时,不能用③④两种形式。
(2)无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用形式②。
Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.
汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。
Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now
你介意我/杰克现在离开吗
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.She was a brave and (determine) girl with rich imagination.
2.They require a bigger (commit) than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
3.The government has announced an (ambition) programme to modernize the railway network.
determined
commitment
ambitious
4.Madame Curie made great contributions to the development of science,but money and reputation made no sense her.
5.Two years ago, I broke my arm while playing football.The (injure) was quite painful.
6.The knee's coming on fine. I'm walking (comfortable) already.
7.In this letter, I would like to convey my sincere appreciation your help.
8.He is addicted to computer games;that's why he has to drop out school.
to
injury
comfortably
for
of
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.Be careful! will be dangerous.
小心点!玩火会带来危险。
2. in summer.
在夏天,游泳是一项好的体育活动。
3.It is useful for someone who is .
这对于正在努力戒烟的人来说很有用。
4.I have never .
我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。
To play with fire
Swimming is a good sport
trying to give up smoking
dreamed of visiting that place
5.It's quite hot today. Do you feel like
今天很热。你想去游泳吗
6.I the letter but the stamp.
我记得要去寄信,可忘了买邮票。
7.Missing the train means .
误了这班火车就意味着再等一个小时。
8.Excuse me for .
原谅我没能按时来。
9.I'm sorry for .
抱歉,我没有遵守我的承诺。
going for a swim
remembered to mail forgot to buy
waiting for another hour
my not coming on time
not having kept my promise
单句填空
1.(2021·新高考Ⅰ)My life as a tax-paying (employ) person began in middle school,when,for three whole days,I worked in a baking factory.
2.(2021·浙江)He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and (determine).
3.(2022·浙江) Sometimes our purpose is (achieve)something;other times it may be to entertain,inform,or persuade.
employed
determination
to achieve
4.(2022·浙江1月)Not only did we chat about the favourite pastimes and foods of the people there,but you also (describe) a beautiful culture that I wish one day to have the chance to experience myself.
5.(2022·新高考Ⅱ)I'd appreciate if you take my invitation into consideration.
6.(2020·天津)The thief tries to escape. And the officer can't let him get .
7.(2021·天津第一次)“The important thing is the technologist associates what is happening outside the patient's body with what the patient sees in his head,” Ms L'Ecuyer said.
described
it
away
that
