(共84张PPT)
UNIT 5 EDUCATION
Section Ⅲ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
1.通过分析课文，了解科学家是如何获得知识的。（语言能力，思维品质）
2.通过分析课文结构，了解文本大意，培养略读和查读等阅读能力，培养分析长难句的能力。（学习能力）
3.通过对课文的阅读，在具体情境中猜测词义，推测词性，了解重要词汇的基本用法。（语言能力）
Ⅰ.基础单词
1._____ vt.获得；赢得；受益
gain
2._______ n.洞察力；顿悟
insight
3._____ adj.文明的；有礼貌的；公民的
civil
4.________ n.正直；诚实；完整
integrity
5.______ adj.道德（上）的
moral
6.________ n.金融；财政
finance
7._______ vt.使接触；使体验；使暴露
expose
8._________ vt.刺激；促使；促进
stimulate
9.________ adj.聪颖的；才华横溢的
brilliant
10.___________ vt.展示；说明
demonstrate
11.________ adj.显然的；明显的；易理解的
obvious
12._______ adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的
worthy
13._____ vt.强烈要求；敦促
urge
14.________ vt.放弃；抛弃
abandon
15._____ vt.有……是由于；把……归功于
owe
16._____ adj.极其重要的；必不可少的
vital
17._____ n.等级
rank
18.______ adj.皇家的；王室的
royal
19.________ n.智慧
wisdom
20.uncritically adv. ________________________
无鉴别力地；不加批评地
21.circumstance n. __________________
状况；情况；情形
22.respectively adv. ________
各自地
23.priority n. ______________________
优先处理的事；优先权
24.initiative n. ________
主动性
25.autonomous adj. ________________
自主的；自治的
26.analysis n.______
分析
27.inefficient adj. __________
效率低的
28.conventional adj.________________
守旧的；传统的
29.universe n. ______
宇宙
30.shadow n. ______
阴影
31.civilisation n. ______
文明
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1._______ vt. 追求→_______ n.追求；寻找
pursue
pursuit
2.__________ v. 奉献；捐献→___________ n.捐助；贡献→___________ n.撰稿者；
捐助者
contribute
contribution
contributor
3.___________ adj.四周的；附近的→_________ vt.包围；围绕→____________ n.环境
surrounding
surround
surroundings
4.__________ n.判断力；意见；评价；判断→______ n.法官；裁判员 v.断定；判断；
审判
judgement
judge
5._______ vi.表现→_________ n.行为；举止；表现方式
behave
behavior
6.__________ n.结论→_________ v.结束；推断出
conclusion
conclude
7._________ n.定义；释义→_______ v. 解释；给……下定义
definition
define
8._____________ n.责任→___________ adj.负有责任的；有责任心的
responsibility
responsible
9._______ vt.评价→___________ n.评估；评定
assess
assessment
10.________ vt.赞成；赞许；批准→_________ n.赞许；赞成
approve
approval
11._________ adj.受尊敬的；受敬重的→_______ vt.尊敬；尊重 n.敬意→___________
adj.可敬的→__________ adj.恭敬的；表示敬意的
respected
respect
respectable
respectful
12.__________ adj.有利的；有帮助的→_______ v.受益n.益处
beneficial
benefit
13.___________ n.假定；假设→________ vt.假定；设想
assumption
assume
1.contribute ___导致；造成
to
2.___ conclusion 总之；最后
in
3.___ start with 首先；第一
to
4.put ________提出；把……向前拨
forward
5.regardless ___不管；不顾
of
6.approve ___赞成
of
1.It seems obviousnow how we acquire knowledge and understanding.（it作形式主语）
翻译 现在看来，我们如何获得知识和理解似乎是显而易见的。
仿写 _________________ for a child to spend so much time alone.
一个孩子独自一人待那么长时间似乎有点反常。
It seems unnatural
2.However， in the 17th century when Francis Bacon（1561-1626） suggested that
this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge， he was going against the
views of the day.（suggest意为“表明”,后接宾语从句）
翻译 在17 世纪，当弗朗西斯·培根（1561~1626）提出用这种思考方式获取知识时，他
的观点却与当时的观念背道而驰。
仿写 All the evidence suggests that __________________.
所有证据都表明是他偷了钱。
he stole the money
3.At that time， people believed more in the church than in facts， and people like
Galileo Galilei （1564-1642）， who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the
centre of the universe”， were often punished by the church with no one coming to
their defence.（with的复合结构）
翻译 那时人们相信教会胜过相信事实，像伽利略·伽利雷（1564~1642）那样证明了“地
球不是宇宙中心”的人物，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。
仿写 ___________________，our knowledge broadened.
随着时间的推移，我们的知识越来越广博。
With time going on
Step 1 文本整体理解，关注布局谋篇
Ⅰ.Read the passage on Pages 36-37 and then match the main idea with each part.
A.The contributions the great men made to our understanding of the world.
B.The way we acquire knowledge and understanding.
C.The early ideas about the way to gain knowledge and the reason why people chose to believe the primitive ideas.
1.Para.1( )
B
2.Paras.2-3( )
C
3.Paras.4-5( )
A
Ⅱ.What's the main idea of the passage
The passage is mainly about the way we acquire knowledge and
_________________________________________________
the process we explore our understanding of the world
Step 2 细读课文，明确教材细节
Ⅰ.Read the passage on Pages 36-37 carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What's the very first step of Francis Bacon's type of thinking ( )
A
A.Raising questions. B.Observing the world.
C.Thinking over the possible answers. D.Testing for the right answer.
2.What do we know from the passage ( )
B
A.Both Bacon and Galilei were punished for their scientific ideas.
B.At that time， people believed more in religion than in facts.
C.Before Galilei， Aristotle's theory had influenced people for 1，000 years.
D.The church was against the great philosopher Aristotle for his theory of the universe.
3.What is the correct order to acquire knowledge and understanding according to the
passage ( )
A
A.Raise questions，observe and study，consider and test， and find the right answers.
B.Acquire the knowledge and understanding，find the right answers， consider and test.
C.Observe， study， consider， and find the right answers.
D.Raise questions， find the right answers，observe， and test.
4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage ( )
A.People tend to believe everything that the person they respect says.
B.Galilei proved “the Earth is not the centre of the universe” and he never made mistakes.
C.Knowledge is gained by learning not by believing.
D.Civilisation is built on the kingdom of knowledge.
B
Ⅱ.Fill in the blanks with proper words according to the passage on Pages 36-37.
The process of acquiring knowledge and understanding ·To start with，we need 1._________.
·Then，to find answers， we observe the world around us
and study the 2._____.
·After that，we consider possible 3.________ and test each to
find the right ones.
questions
facts
answers
The examples of acquiring knowledge ·Francis Bacon suggested that the type of thinking was the
way to gain 4.__________.
·Galileo Galilei proved the idea that “the Earth is not the
5._______ of the universe”.
·Even though Aristotle was a great man who 6.________
many great scientists and philosophers after him， he was
wrong at times.
knowledge
centre
inspired
(续表)
The importance of knowledge and understanding to mankind ·Our understanding of the world around us is constantly
7._____________________.
·Knowledge and understanding are things to fight for；more
vital to a man，and more 8.__________ to mankind，some
might say，than all the money in the world.
(续表)
growing and changing
beneficial
核 心 单 词
知识点1 acquisition n. 获得；习得＊acquire vt. 获得；得到；购得
（P110）It is a process of facilitating learning or the acquisition of knowledge，skills， values， attitudes and habits.
这是一个促进学习或获得知识、技能、价值观、态度和习惯的过程。
知识拓展
acquisition of sth 获得某物
language acquisition 语言习得
acquire knowledge 获得知识
经典佳句
What's more， the study of language acquisition offers direct insight into how humans learn.
更重要的是，语言习得的研究为了解人类如何学习提供了直接的视角。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）He devotes his time to the __________（acquire） of knowledge.
acquisition
（2）While studying abroad， the young man _________（acquire） a taste for
western art.
acquired
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）（2023·广东汕头月考）They exchange ideas and feelings with each other，
through __________________________more knowledge.
他们彼此交换想法和感受，从而可能获得更多的知识。
which they probably acquire
知识点2 contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助 ＊contribution n.贡献
＊contributor n.贡献者；投稿者；捐助人
（P110）Obviously， certain kinds of knowledge are necessary not only to pursue certain careers but also to contribute to the world.
显然，某些知识不仅是从事某些职业所必需的，而且也是对世界做出贡献所必需的。
知识拓展
contribute to 有助于；促成；为……做贡献
contribute...to/towards... 向……捐献……；向……投稿
make a contribution to/make contributions to 对……做出贡献
经典佳句
She has contributed a lot of money to the school and she has made a great contribution to education.
她为学校捐了很多钱，对教育也做出了很大的贡献。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Arts contribute ___ cultural development when people gather together to share
their experience and renew their energy.
to
（2）It is more meaningful to contribute books and sports goods ___ children in
need.
to
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）He _______________________________ the university that the new library was
named after him.
他对这所大学贡献如此之大，以至于新图书馆以他的名字命名。
made such a great contribution to
知识点3 expose vt.使接触；使体验；使暴露 ＊exposure n.暴露；曝光；揭露＊exposed adj.暴露的
（P110）For example，we need to learn maths to understand finance and economics； we need to be able to read， so that we are able to communicate and expose ourselves to new things.
例如，我们需要学习数学来了解金融和经济；我们需要能够阅读，以便我们能够交流和接触新事物。
知识拓展
expose...to... 使……暴露于……；使……接触到……
（be） exposed to...暴露于……；遭受……
图解释义
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）I am repeatedly exposed ___ the basic words and learn how they are used to
explain objects and ideas.
to
（2）Some people think we shouldn't expose the children ___computer games.
to
Ⅱ.句式升级
（3）If you expose yourself to the sunlight for too long， your skin will be harmed.
→__________________________________________will be harmful to your skin.
（动词-ing形式作主语）
Exposing yourself to the sunlight for too long
知识点4 surrounding adj.周围的；附近的 ＊surround vt.包围；围绕
＊surroundings n.环境
（P110）Besides， education provides another deeper kind of knowledge， which lets us understand how the surrounding world works.
此外，教育提供了另一种更深层次的知识，让我们了解周围世界是如何运行的。
知识拓展
surround sb/sth with/by... 使某人/某物被……包围
be surrounded by family and friends 有家人和朋友陪伴在身边
经典佳句
Surrounded by the forest， the village has beautiful surroundings， which attracts many visitors from surrounding areas.
村庄被森林环绕，环境优美，吸引了许多周边地区的游客。
融会应用
Ⅰ.用surround的适当形式填空
（1）Steve arrived and sat in the front row， ___________by his family.
surrounded
（2）____________ yourself with people who'll provide you with respect and support
can be very beneficial.
Surrounding
（3）Entering the room，I found Jack ___________ himself with piles of books.
surrounding
（4）Why do the hikers take no notice of the ____________ during the journey
surroundings
Ⅱ.单句写作
（5）（2023·安徽合肥一中月考）___________________________， the lake looks
very beautiful.
这个湖被森林包围着，看起来很美丽。
Surrounded with/by the forest
知识点5 judgement n.判断力；意见；评价；判决＊judge n.裁判；法官 vt.评判；判断；审判；判决
（P111）For example，education can help individuals develop critical thinking skills，which will prevent them from following uncritically traditional ways and will enable them to act based on judgement.
例如，教育可以帮助个人发展批判性思维技能，这将防止他们不加批判地遵循自己的传统方式，并将使他们能够基于判断而采取行动。
知识拓展
judging by/from 根据……判断
in one's judgement 在……看来； 经……判断
经典佳句
Judging from the number of the cars， there were not many people in the club yet.
从车的数量来判断， 俱乐部里还没有多少人。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）Judging ________ what he said， his request was reasonable.
by/from
（2）___ my judgement， they've got nothing to worry about.
In
（3）They are to be_______ （judge） at the sports meeting.
judges
知识点6 conclusion n.结论 ＊conclude vt.& vi.断定；推断出；结束；终止
（P111）In conclusion， education is important not only because it facilitates individual development，but also promotes social and national development.
总之，教育之所以重要，不仅是因为它促进了个人发展，而且还促进了社会和国家的发展。
知识拓展
draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion 得出结论
make a conclusion 下结论
in conclusion 最后；总之；作为结论
sth from sth
from sth that...
从……中推断出
conclude...with...以……结束……
conclude
经典佳句
Now we make a conclusion that water is the most important thing in our lives.
现在我们得出一个结论:水是人生命中最重要的东西。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）When the group discussion is nearing its end， make sure to conclude it _____
important points.
with
（2）___ conclusion， I like everything in spring， especially the feelings bathed in
the rain and sunshine.
In
（3）We will have a further discussion before we draw ___ final conclusion.
a
Ⅱ.一句多译
（4）我从我自己的经历中得出结论:有志者，事竟成。
→I _______________________________________________________________
that where there is a will， there is a way.（conclusion）
→I _________________________________that where there is a will，
there is a way.（conclude）
drew/reached/came to/arrived at a conclusion from my own experiences
concluded from my own experiences
知识点7 responsibility n.责任；责任心；职责；义务＊responsible adj.负责任的；对……负责的
（P111）What about the students' responsibility
学生的责任呢
知识拓展
a sense of responsibility 责任感
take responsibility for 对……负责
be responsible for 对……负责
经典佳句
It's not only a great honour but also a great responsibility to be chosen.
被选中不仅是一份极大的荣誉同时也是一份巨大的责任。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）It will help the children build up a sense of _____________（responsible）
since young.
responsibility
（2）We should be responsible ____ the work and keep teamwork spirit in mind.
for
知识点8 worthy adj.有价值的；值得的；值得尊敬的＊worth adj.价值……的；值得的；具有……价值的 ＊worthwhile adj.重要的；值得花时间的；值得做的
（P36）Although Bacon held an important rank in King James' royal court of England， his true interest was not the day-to-day， slow and inefficient working style of the government， but the worthy search for knowledge.
尽管培根在英国国王詹姆斯的宫廷中位高权重，他真正感兴趣的不是政府日复一日、拖拉、低效的工作作风，而是那些值得探索的知识。
知识拓展
be （well） worth doing ……（非常）值得被做
be worth+n. = be worthy+of+n. 值得……；值……
It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.做某事是值得的。
经典佳句
Remember a successful ending is not the only thing worthy of a celebration.
要记住一个成功的结尾并不是唯一值得庆祝的事情。
名师点拨
worth通常只用作表语；worthy既可以用作表语，也可以作定语；worthwhile可作表语和定语，通常用于it作形式主语的句子中。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）The coin is of high quality and worth __________（collect）.
collecting
（2）It is worthwhile ___________________（provide） young children with good
education.
providing/to provide
Ⅱ.一句多译
（3）他在会议上提出的建议值得考虑。
→His suggestion put forward at the conference ___________________.（worth）
→His suggestion put forward at the conference
___________________________________________________.（worthy）
→____________________________________his suggestion put forward at
the conference.（worthwhile）
is worth considering
is worthy of being considered/is worthy to be considered
It is worthwhile to consider/considering
知识点9 approve v.同意；赞成；批准 ＊approval n.赞成；同意；批准；认可＊disapprove v.不赞成；不同意
（P37）At first， people approved of his studies and urged him to continue， but later when he proved Aristotle wrong， they grew angry and put him in prison.
起初人们认可他的研究（成果），催促他继续研究，但是后来当他证实亚里士多德有错时，他们变得愤怒，并把他送进监狱。
知识拓展
approve of （doing） sth 赞成/同意（做）某事
approve sth 批准某事
经典佳句
Most people no longer approve of smoking in public places.
大多数人不再赞成在公共场所吸烟。
名师点拨
“赞成/同意某人做某事”不可说成approve sb to do sth， 因为approve意为“同意；赞成”时是不及物动词，所以应该用approve of sb/one's doing sth。approve意为“批准”时，是及物动词，其后可以接名词。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）A survey done recently shows that not all parents approve ___ their children
taking part in the weekend classes.
of
（2）He said the plan announced on Sunday， if _________（approve）， would
avoid such a problem.
approved
（3）By doing well at school he hoped to win his parents' _________（approve）.
approval
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）The teacher _____________________________ to record our experiences at
school.
老师同意我们制作视频来记录我们在校的经历。
approved of us making a video
知识点10 urge vt.强烈要求；敦促；激励 n.强烈的欲望；冲动＊urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的＊urgency n.紧急；催促
（P37）At first， people approved of his studies and urged him to continue， but later when he proved Aristotle wrong， they grew angry and put him in prison.
起初人们认可他的研究（成果），催促他继续研究，但是后来当他证实亚里士多德有错时，他们变得愤怒，并把他送进监狱。
知识拓展
urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事
urge that...（should） do sth 极力主张； 强调……
have/feel an urge to do sth 渴望做某事
图解释义
His mother urged him to do his homework.
他妈妈催促他去写作业。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）Parents should actively urge their children ________（take） advantage of the
opportunity to join sports teams.
to take
（2）In order to improve learning efficiency， I urge that all of us
________________（form） the habit of thinking independently and reviewing lessons
in time.
（should） form
（3）The attack added a new ________（urge） to the peace talk.
urgency
知识点11 assumption n.假定；设想；承担；担任＊ assume v.认为；假如；承担；呈现；装出＊assumed adj.假定的；假设的
（P37）People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something is right， then it must be so.
人们认为，如果一个重要的、受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的，那么这件事一定是对的。
知识拓展
one's assumption of power 某人掌握大权
on the assumption that... 假定……
assume this to be true 假定这是真的
assume a look of surprise 装出吃惊的神色
assume responsibility 承担责任
Assume/Assuming that... 假设/假如……
an assumed name 假名；笔名
经典佳句
A common assumption is that there are aliens somewhere in the universe.
一个普遍的设想是在宇宙的某个地方有外星人。
融会应用 用assume的适当形式填空
（1）The result confirmed his ___________ before long.
assumption
（2）_________________ you're right， there is still not much we can do about it.
Assume/Assuming
知识点12 beneficial adj.有利的；有帮助的 ＊benefit v.有益于；有助于；受益 n.好处；利益；优势
（P37）These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for； more vital to a man， and more beneficial to mankind， some might say， than all the money in the world.
这些人知道知识和理解是需要争取的东西；有人可能会说，相比世界上所有的钱财，知识和理解对个人来说更重要，对人类来说更有益。
知识拓展
benefit from/by... 从……中受益；得益于……
benefit sb 对某人有益
be of （much/great） benefit to sb=be （very） beneficial to sb 对某人（非常）有益
for the benefit of... 为了……的利益
经典佳句
Eating vegetables and fruits regularly is beneficial to your health.
经常吃蔬菜和水果对你的健康有好处。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Keep it in mind， and gradually we can gain this good learning habit and
benefit ________ it.
from/by
（2）China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ____ the benefit of all
its citizens.
for
Ⅱ.同义句改写
（3）It is said that yoga is of great benefit to human health.
→It is said that yoga ___________________ human health.
is very beneficial to
短 语 句 式
知识点13 regardless of不管；不顾；不理会
（P111）It makes people behave with integrity， regardless of background and circumstances.
它使人们无论背景和环境如何，都能正直地行事。
知识拓展
regard ...as ... 把……视作……
with/in regard to 关于；至于；对于
in this regard 就这一点而言
经典佳句
So we think it is reasonable to assume that they lived in these caves regardless of the cold.
因此我们认为，他们不顾严寒住在这些洞穴里这种假设是合理的。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Our club is open to everyone regardless ___ age， gender or educational
background.
of
（2）Meanwhile， I will regard it ___ my duty to help keep our environment clean
and healthy.
as
（3）I would like to talk to you _______ regard to the letter you sent me.
with/in
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）The plan for a new office tower went ahead ____________ local people's
opposition.
不顾当地人的反对，新办公大楼的计划继续进行。
regardless of
（5）I have no complaints ________________ his work.
关于他的工作，我没有什么好抱怨的。
with/in regard to
知识点14 put forward提出；推荐；拿出
（P37）It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle （384-322 BCE）.
人们愿意相信这些由伟大的哲学家亚里士多德（公元前384~322年）提出的原始观点，这并不奇怪。
知识拓展
put away 收起来；储存
put down 放下；写下
put off 推迟；延期
put on 穿上；上演
put out 扑灭；生产；出版
put through 使通过；使经历；接通电话
put up 举起；修建；张贴
经典佳句
She put forward some persuasive reasons for abandoning the plan.
她为放弃这个计划提出了一些具有说服力的理由。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）The police put him ________ a severe examination.
through
（2）Are you serious in putting ________such a view
forward
（3）They asked for the proposal to be put ______ on paper.
down
（4）The names of the candidates will be put ____ on the college notice board.
up
知识点15 it作形式主语
（P36）It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.
现在看来，我们如何获得知识和理解似乎是显而易见的。
知识拓展
句中It作形式主语，代替后面how引导的主语从句。
it作形式主语后接主语从句的常见结构:
（1）It is+n.（a pity/surprise/wonder/...）+that...
（2）It is+adj.（amazing/surprising/wonderful/...）+that...
（3）It is+v-ed （said/reported/believed/...）+that...
（4）It seems/happens/appears/matters/...+that...
It's very difficult for me to get used to the new life abroad.
对我来说，适应国外的新生活很难。
It is natural that she should cry.
她哭是人之常情。
It is reported that the number of wild animals in Africa is decreasing.
据报道，非洲野生动物的数量正在减少。
名师点拨
在“It is/was+adj.（+for/of sb） +to do sth”结构中，for前面的形容词通常是difficult、necessary、important、quick、easy等与事物的特征有关的词。而of前面的形容词常常是wise、kind、stupid、silly、bright、nice、good等常与人的性格特点有关的词。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）It was said _____ Tom had passed the driving test last week.
that
（2）It's a great honour for me _________（make） a speech here.
to make
Ⅱ.一句多译
（3）实际上每个人都会有一段时期，在这段时期里很多事都不顺利，因此你不必太担心。
→_____________ everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be
going wrong， so you don't have to worry so much.（it作形式主语）
→________________ everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to
be going wrong， so you don't have to worry so much.（表语从句）
It is true that
The truth is that
名 词 搭 配
自主探究
阅读下列句子,注意黑体部分的用法。
1.To find the right answers to the questions, we should study the facts first.
2.Do you know who proved the idea that “The Earth is not the centre of the universe.”
3.People tend to believe the ideas put forward by famous people.
探究点1 及物动词+名词
We can improve knowledge by travelling.
我们可以通过旅行扩充知识。
Some people ignore the fact that air pollution is still serious.
一些人忽视了空气污染还很严重这个事实。
名师点拨
这类词语搭配常见错误为动词选择不当, 即中文思维、望文生义。
正确表达 望文生义
get knowledge learn knowledge
gain knowledge study knowledge
extend/improve/enrich/widen/broaden knowledge teach knowledge
融会应用 选词填空
（1）We students must ___________ （concentrate/gather） our efforts on improving
education.
concentrate
（2）Shelley usually ________ （ relieve/lose） pressure by listening to soft music.
relieves
（3）Field trips are beneficial to ________ （gaining/ learning） knowledge.
gaining
探究点2 不及物动词+介词+名词
不及物动词后加名词作宾语时, 需添加恰当的介词。
My classmates and I usually work as volunteers in the library at weekends.
我和我的同学们周末通常在图书馆做志愿者。
It is said that the new teacher graduated from a famous university.
据说那位新老师是名牌大学毕业的。
名师点拨
这类词语搭配常见错误为介词使用不当, 该用不用、错用多用。
正确表达 介词误用
marry somebody marry with somebody
divorce somebody divorce with somebody
contact somebody contact with somebody
融会应用 单句写作
（1）Please __________ if there is any question.
如有任何问题, 请联系我们。
contact us
（2）The hard-working boy ____________ a remote small village.
那个勤奋学习的男孩来自一个偏远的小村庄。
comes from
（3）There is no need to ___________________. Be yourself.
没必要跟别人攀比。做你自己。
compare with others
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Tom gained friendship and experience ______ the local residents， when working
with them.
from
2.With the improvement of living standards，people begin _________________
（pursue） a high quality of life.
pursuing/to pursue
3.A lack of confidence can lead to your losing the chance to go abroad for further
_________（educate）.
education
4.He has made important ____________（contribute） to the company's success.
contributions
5.Children， when ________（expose） to an English-speaking atmosphere， will
pick up the language much more easily.
exposed
6.Many children at the school do not live in the town， but come from the
___________（surround） countryside.
surrounding
7.Regardless ___ your choice of course，you'll develop your language ability both
quickly and effectively.
of
8.___ conclusion，certain movies play a positive role，but not all movies do.
In
9.Humor can clearly be of much help to our work，study and life， as it is
beneficial ___our physical and mental health.
to
10.Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the ___________
（assume） you've made.
assumption
Ⅱ.课文语法填空
1.___ seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding. To start
2._____， we need questions. Then， 3._______（find） answers，we observe the
world around us and study the facts. After that，we consider possible answers and
test each to find the right 4._____ （one）. Modern scientists and thinkers are still
solving the 5.________ （world） problems with this type of analysis.
Our understanding of the world around us is 6.__________（constant） growing
and changing. In other words，we learn more every day. We need to thank the great
men of the past for 7._____（they） wisdom. They understood that we don't know
It
with
to find
ones
world's
constantly
their
everything and probably never will， as this would mean a world with 8._________
（question）. We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to
people like Bacon and Galilei，who were brave enough to step out from the shadows
of 9.____________（convention） thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge
that today's civilisation 10.________（build） upon.
questions
conventional
is built
Ⅲ.根据提示完成小作文
上周我们举行了一次数学考试。很显然（obvious）考场上的气氛有些紧张。一道数学题引起了我的注意。我想做出这道题，不想放弃（abandon）它。但是我有些笨，而且我做题效率低（inefficient）。最后，虽然我没有做出这道题，但它是值得（worthy）思考的。两天后，老师公布了考试成绩，我取得了一个好成绩。我把成功归功于（owe）我的努力。
___
参考范文
We had a math test last week. It was obvious that the atmosphere in the examination room was a little tense. A math problem caught my attention. I wanted to work out the problem， and I didn't want to abandon it. But I'm a bit stupid，and I'm inefficient at doing math problems. In the end，although I failed， it was worthy of being thought about. Two days later， the teacher declared the results of the test. I got a good grade. I owe my success to my efforts.
单句填空
1.（2023·浙江1月）In the Ming Dynasty， the center was the Forbidden City，
___________（surround）in concentric（同心的）circles by the Inner City and Outer
City.
surrounded
2.（2022·北京）If you are close to the front of the list， you have a good chance
of ________（gain） a place in the programme in the near future.
gaining
3.（2021·全国甲）When ____________（contribute） were made by geniuses outside
the club—women， or people of a different color or belief—they were
unacknowledged and rejected by others.
contributions
4.（2020·全国Ⅰ）The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch”
where the glow would fade when ________（expose） to daylight.
exposed
5.（2022·北京）Crystal knew that visions alone don't produce results， but
__________ （conclude） that “we'll never produce results that we can't envision”.
concluded
6.（2021·浙江1月）Furthermore， our classes are worthy of ______________
（attend）， because you can appreciate the differences between Chinese and western
teaching methods.
being attendedUnit 5 Section Ⅲ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
【学习目标】
1.通过分析课文,了解科学家是如何获得知识的。(语言能力,思维品质)
2.通过分析课文结构,了解文本大意,培养略读和查读等阅读能力,培养分析长难句的能力。(学习能力)
3.通过对课文的阅读,在具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要词汇的基本用法。(语言能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
Ⅰ.基础单词
1. vt.获得;赢得;受益
2. n.洞察力;顿悟
3. adj.文明的;有礼貌的;公民的
4. n.正直;诚实;完整
5. adj.道德(上)的
6. n.金融;财政
7. vt.使接触;使体验;使暴露
8. vt.刺激;促使;促进
9. adj.聪颖的;才华横溢的
10. vt.展示;说明
11. adj.显然的;明显的;易理解的
12. adj.有价值的;值得尊敬的
13. vt.强烈要求;敦促
14. vt.放弃;抛弃
15. vt.有……是由于;把……归功于
16. adj.极其重要的;必不可少的
17. n.等级
18. adj.皇家的;王室的
19. n.智慧
20.uncritically adv.
21.circumstance n.
22.respectively adv.
23.priority n.
24.initiative n.
25.autonomous adj.
26.analysis n.
27.inefficient adj.
28.conventional adj.
29.universe n.
30.shadow n.
31.civilisation n.
答案 1.gain 2.insight 3.civil 4.integrity
5.moral 6.finance 7.expose 8.stimulate
9.brilliant 10.demonstrate 11.obvious 12.worthy 13.urge 14.abandon 15.owe 16.vital
17.rank 18.royal 19.wisdom 20.无鉴别力地;不加批评地 21.状况;情况;情形 22.各自地 23.优先处理的事;优先权 24.主动性 25.自主的;自治的
26.分析 27.效率低的 28.守旧的;传统的 29.宇宙 30.阴影 31.文明
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1. vt. 追求→ n.追求;寻找
2. v. 奉献;捐献→ n.捐助;贡献→ n.撰稿者;捐助者
3. adj.四周的;附近的→ vt.包围;围绕→ n.环境
4. n.判断力;意见;评价;判断→ n.法官;裁判员 v.断定;判断;审判
5. vi.表现→ n.行为;举止;表现方式
6. n.结论→ v.结束;推断出
7. n.定义;释义→ v. 解释;给……下定义
8. n.责任→ adj.负有责任的;有责任心的
9. vt.评价→ n.评估;评定
10. vt.赞成;赞许;批准→ n.赞许;赞成
11. adj.受尊敬的;受敬重的→ vt.尊敬;尊重 n.敬意→ adj.可敬的→ adj.恭敬的;表示敬意的
12. adj.有利的;有帮助的→ v.受益n.益处
13. n.假定;假设→ vt.假定;设想
答案 1.pursue;pursuit 2.contribute;contribution;contributor 3.surrounding;surround;surroundings 4.judgement;judge 5.behave;behavior
6.conclusion;conclude 7.definition;define 8.responsibility;responsible 9.assess;assessment
10.approve;approval 11.respected;respect;respectable;respectful 12.beneficial;benefit 13.assumption;assume
Step 2 短语记诵
1.contribute 导致;造成
2. conclusion 总之;最后
3. start with 首先;第一
4.put 提出;把……向前拨
5.regardless 不管;不顾
6.approve 赞成
答案 1.to 2.in 3.to 4.forward 5.of 6.of
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.(it作形式主语)
翻译 现在看来,我们如何获得知识和理解似乎是显而易见的。
仿写 for a child to spend so much time alone.
一个孩子独自一人待那么长时间似乎有点反常。
2.However, in the 17th century when Francis Bacon(1561-1626) suggested that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge, he was going against the views of the day.(suggest意为“表明”,后接宾语从句)
翻译 在17 世纪,当弗朗西斯·培根(1561~1626)提出用这种思考方式获取知识时,他的观点却与当时的观念背道而驰。
仿写 All the evidence suggests that .
所有证据都表明是他偷了钱。
3.At that time, people believed more in the church than in facts, and people like Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”, were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.(with的复合结构)
翻译 那时人们相信教会胜过相信事实,像伽利略·伽利雷(1564~1642)那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物,往往会被教会惩罚,也没有人会为他们辩护。
仿写 ,our knowledge broadened.
随着时间的推移,我们的知识越来越广博。
答案 1.It seems unnatural 2.he stole the money 3.With time going on
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1 文本整体理解,关注布局谋篇
Ⅰ.Read the passage on Pages 36-37 and then match the main idea with each part.
( )1.Para.1
( )2.Paras.2-3
( )3.Paras.4-5
A.The contributions the great men made to our understanding of the world.
B.The way we acquire knowledge and understanding.
C.The early ideas about the way to gain knowledge and the reason why people chose to believe the primitive ideas.
答案 1~3 BCA
Ⅱ.What's the main idea of the passage
The passage is mainly about the way we acquire knowledge and .
答案 the process we explore our understanding of the world
Step 2 细读课文,明确教材细节
Ⅰ.Read the passage on Pages 36-37 carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What's the very first step of Francis Bacon's type of thinking
A.Raising questions.
B.Observing the world.
C.Thinking over the possible answers.
D.Testing for the right answer.
2.What do we know from the passage
A.Both Bacon and Galilei were punished for their scientific ideas.
B.At that time, people believed more in religion than in facts.
C.Before Galilei, Aristotle's theory had influenced people for 1,000 years.
D.The church was against the great philosopher Aristotle for his theory of the universe.
3.What is the correct order to acquire knowledge and understanding according to the passage
A.Raise questions,observe and study,consider and test, and find the right answers.
B.Acquire the knowledge and understanding,find the right answers, consider and test.
C.Observe, study, consider, and find the right answers.
D.Raise questions, find the right answers,observe, and test.
4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A.People tend to believe everything that the person they respect says.
B.Galilei proved “the Earth is not the centre of the universe” and he never made mistakes.
C.Knowledge is gained by learning not by believing.
D.Civilisation is built on the kingdom of knowledge.
答案 1~4 ABAB
Ⅱ.Fill in the blanks with proper words according to the passage on Pages 36-37.
The process of acquiring knowledge and understanding ·To start with,we need 1. . ·Then,to find answers, we observe the world around us and study the 2. . ·After that,we consider possible 3. and test each to find the right ones.
The examples of acquiring knowledge ·Francis Bacon suggested that the type of thinking was the way to gain 4. . ·Galileo Galilei proved the idea that “the Earth is not the 5. of the universe”. ·Even though Aristotle was a great man who 6. many great scientists and philosophers after him, he was wrong at times.
The importance of knowledge and understanding to mankind ·Our understanding of the world around us is constantly 7. . ·Knowledge and understanding are things to fight for;more vital to a man,and more 8. to mankind,some might say,than all the money in the world.
答案 1.questions 2.facts 3.answers 4.knowledge 5.centre 6.inspired 7.growing and changing
8.beneficial
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 acquisition n. 获得;习得 *acquire vt. 获得;得到;购得
(P110)It is a process of facilitating learning or the acquisition of knowledge,skills, values, attitudes and habits.
这是一个促进学习或获得知识、技能、价值观、态度和习惯的过程。
知识拓展
acquisition of sth 获得某物
language acquisition 语言习得
acquire knowledge获得知识
经典佳句
What's more, the study of language acquisition offers direct insight into how humans learn.
更重要的是,语言习得的研究为了解人类如何学习提供了直接的视角。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)He devotes his time to the (acquire) of knowledge.
(2)While studying abroad, the young man (acquire) a taste for western art.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)(2023·广东汕头月考)They exchange ideas and feelings with each other, through more knowledge.
他们彼此交换想法和感受,从而可能获得更多的知识。
答案 (1)acquisition (2)acquired (3)which they probably acquire
知识点2 contribute vt.& vi.捐献;贡献;捐助 *contribution n.贡献 *contributor n.贡献者;投稿者;捐助人
(P110)Obviously, certain kinds of knowledge are necessary not only to pursue certain careers but also to contribute to the world.
显然,某些知识不仅是从事某些职业所必需的,而且也是对世界做出贡献所必需的。
知识拓展
contribute to 有助于;促成;为……做贡献
contribute...to/towards... 向……捐献……;向……投稿
make a contribution to/make contributions to 对……做出贡献
经典佳句
She has contributed a lot of money to the school and she has made a great contribution to education.
她为学校捐了很多钱,对教育也做出了很大的贡献。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Arts contribute cultural development when people gather together to share their experience and renew their energy.
(2)It is more meaningful to contribute books and sports goods children in need.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)He the university that the new library was named after him.
他对这所大学贡献如此之大,以至于新图书馆以他的名字命名。
答案 (1)to (2)to (3)made such a great contribution to
知识点3 expose vt.使接触;使体验;使暴露 *exposure n.暴露;曝光;揭露 *exposed adj.暴露的
(P110)For example,we need to learn maths to understand finance and economics; we need to be able to read, so that we are able to communicate and expose ourselves to new things.
例如,我们需要学习数学来了解金融和经济;我们需要能够阅读,以便我们能够交流和接触新事物。
知识拓展
expose...to... 使……暴露于……;使……接触到……
(be) exposed to...暴露于……;遭受……
图解释义
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I am repeatedly exposed the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas.
(2)Some people think we shouldn't expose the children computer games.
Ⅱ.句式升级
(3)If you expose yourself to the sunlight for too long, your skin will be harmed.
→ will be harmful to your skin.(动词-ing形式作主语)
答案 (1)to (2)to (3)Exposing yourself to the sunlight for too long
知识点4 surrounding adj.周围的;附近的 *surround vt.包围;围绕 *surroundings n.环境
(P110)Besides, education provides another deeper kind of knowledge, which lets us understand how the surrounding world works.
此外,教育提供了另一种更深层次的知识,让我们了解周围世界是如何运行的。
知识拓展
surround sb/sth with/by... 使某人/某物被……包围
be surrounded by family and friends 有家人和朋友陪伴在身边
经典佳句
Surrounded by the forest, the village has beautiful surroundings, which attracts many visitors from surrounding areas.
村庄被森林环绕,环境优美,吸引了许多周边地区的游客。
融会应用
Ⅰ.用surround的适当形式填空
(1)Steve arrived and sat in the front row, by his family.
(2) yourself with people who'll provide you with respect and support can be very beneficial.
(3)Entering the room,I found Jack himself with piles of books.
(4)Why do the hikers take no notice of the during the journey
Ⅱ.单句写作
(5)(2023·安徽合肥一中月考) , the lake looks very beautiful.
这个湖被森林包围着,看起来很美丽。
答案 (1)surrounded (2)Surrounding (3)surrounding (4)surroundings (5)Surrounded with/by the forest
知识点5 judgement n.判断力;意见;评价;判决 *judge n.裁判;法官 vt.评判;判断;审判;判决
(P111)For example,education can help individuals develop critical thinking skills,which will prevent them from following uncritically traditional ways and will enable them to act based on judgement.
例如,教育可以帮助个人发展批判性思维技能,这将防止他们不加批判地遵循自己的传统方式,并将使他们能够基于判断而采取行动。
知识拓展
judging by/from根据……判断
in one's judgement在……看来; 经……判断
经典佳句
Judging from the number of the cars, there were not many people in the club yet.
从车的数量来判断, 俱乐部里还没有多少人。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)Judging what he said, his request was reasonable.
(2) my judgement, they've got nothing to worry about.
(3)They are to be (judge) at the sports meeting.
答案 (1)by/from (2)In (3) judges
知识点6 conclusion n.结论 *conclude vt.& vi.断定;推断出;结束;终止
(P111)In conclusion, education is important not only because it facilitates individual development,but also promotes social and national development.
总之,教育之所以重要,不仅是因为它促进了个人发展,而且还促进了社会和国家的发展。
知识拓展
draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion 得出结论
make a conclusion 下结论
in conclusion 最后;总之;作为结论
conclude从……中推断出
conclude...with...以……结束……
经典佳句
Now we make a conclusion that water is the most important thing in our lives.
现在我们得出一个结论:水是人生命中最重要的东西。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it important points.
(2) conclusion, I like everything in spring, especially the feelings bathed in the rain and sunshine.
(3)We will have a further discussion before we draw final conclusion.
Ⅱ.一句多译
(4)我从我自己的经历中得出结论:有志者,事竟成。
→I that where there is a will, there is a way.(conclusion)
→I that where there is a will, there is a way.(conclude)
答案 (1)with (2)In (3)a (4)drew/reached/came to/arrived at a conclusion from my own experiences;concluded from my own experiences
知识点7 responsibility n.责任;责任心;职责;义务 *responsible adj.负责任的;对……负责的
(P111)What about the students' responsibility
学生的责任呢
知识拓展
a sense of responsibility 责任感
take responsibility for 对……负责
be responsible for 对……负责
经典佳句
It's not only a great honour but also a great responsibility to be chosen.
被选中不仅是一份极大的荣誉同时也是一份巨大的责任。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)It will help the children build up a sense of (responsible) since young.
(2)We should be responsible the work and keep teamwork spirit in mind.
答案 (1)responsibility (2)for
知识点8 worthy adj.有价值的;值得的;值得尊敬的 *worth adj.价值……的;值得的;具有……价值的 *worthwhile adj.重要的;值得花时间的;值得做的
(P36)Although Bacon held an important rank in King James' royal court of England, his true interest was not the day-to-day, slow and inefficient working style of the government, but the worthy search for knowledge.
尽管培根在英国国王詹姆斯的宫廷中位高权重,他真正感兴趣的不是政府日复一日、拖拉、低效的工作作风,而是那些值得探索的知识。
知识拓展
……值得被做
be (well) worth doing ……(非常)值得被做
be worth+n. = be worthy+of+n. 值得……;值……
It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.做某事是值得的。
经典佳句
Remember a successful ending is not the only thing worthy of a celebration.
要记住一个成功的结尾并不是唯一值得庆祝的事情。
名师点拨
worth通常只用作表语;worthy既可以用作表语,也可以作定语;worthwhile可作表语和定语,通常用于it作形式主语的句子中。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The coin is of high quality and worth (collect).
(2)It is worthwhile (provide) young children with good education.
Ⅱ.一句多译
(3)他在会议上提出的建议值得考虑。
→His suggestion put forward at the conference .(worth)
→His suggestion put forward at the conference .(worthy)
→ his suggestion put forward at the conference.(worthwhile)
答案 (1)collecting (2)providing/to provide (3)is worth considering;is worthy of being considered/is worthy to be considered;It is worthwhile to consider/considering
知识点9 approve v.同意;赞成;批准 *approval n.赞成;同意;批准;认可 *disapprove v.不赞成;不同意
(P37)At first, people approved of his studies and urged him to continue, but later when he proved Aristotle wrong, they grew angry and put him in prison.
起初人们认可他的研究(成果),催促他继续研究,但是后来当他证实亚里士多德有错时,他们变得愤怒,并把他送进监狱。
知识拓展
approve of (doing) sth 赞成/同意(做)某事
approve sth 批准某事
经典佳句
Most people no longer approve of smoking in public places.
大多数人不再赞成在公共场所吸烟。
名师点拨
“赞成/同意某人做某事”不可说成approve sb to do sth, 因为approve意为“同意;赞成”时是不及物动词,所以应该用approve of sb/one's doing sth。approve意为“批准”时,是及物动词,其后可以接名词。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)A survey done recently shows that not all parents approve their children taking part in the weekend classes.
(2)He said the plan announced on Sunday, if (approve), would avoid such a problem.
(3)By doing well at school he hoped to win his parents' (approve).
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)The teacher to record our experiences at school.
老师同意我们制作视频来记录我们在校的经历。
答案 (1)of (2)approved (3)approval
(4)approved of us making a video
知识点10 urge vt.强烈要求;敦促;激励 n.强烈的欲望;冲动 *urgent adj.紧急的;迫切的 *urgency n.紧急;催促
(P37)At first, people approved of his studies and urged him to continue, but later when he proved Aristotle wrong, they grew angry and put him in prison.
起初人们认可他的研究(成果),催促他继续研究,但是后来当他证实亚里士多德有错时,他们变得愤怒,并把他送进监狱。
知识拓展
urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事
urge that...(should) do sth 极力主张; 强调……
have/feel an urge to do sth 渴望做某事
图解释义
His mother urged him to do his homework.
他妈妈催促他去写作业。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)Parents should actively urge their children (take) advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.
(2)In order to improve learning efficiency, I urge that all of us (form) the habit of thinking independently and reviewing lessons in time.
(3)The attack added a new (urge) to the peace talk.
答案 (1)to take (2)(should) form (3)urgency
知识点11 assumption n.假定;设想;承担;担任 * assume v.认为;假如;承担;呈现;装出 *assumed adj.假定的;假设的
(P37)People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something is right, then it must be so.
人们认为,如果一个重要的、受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的,那么这件事一定是对的。
知识拓展
one's assumption of power 某人掌握大权
on the assumption that... 假定……
assume this to be true 假定这是真的
assume a look of surprise 装出吃惊的神色
assume responsibility 承担责任
Assume/Assuming that... 假设/假如……
an assumed name 假名;笔名
经典佳句
A common assumption is that there are aliens somewhere in the universe.
一个普遍的设想是在宇宙的某个地方有外星人。
融会应用
用assume的适当形式填空
(1)The result confirmed his before long.
(2) you're right, there is still not much we can do about it.
答案 (1)assumption (2)Assume/Assuming
知识点12 beneficial adj.有利的;有帮助的 *benefit v.有益于;有助于;受益 n.好处;利益;优势
(P37)These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man, and more beneficial to mankind, some might say, than all the money in the world.
这些人知道知识和理解是需要争取的东西;有人可能会说,相比世界上所有的钱财,知识和理解对个人来说更重要,对人类来说更有益。
知识拓展
benefit from/by... 从……中受益;得益于……
benefit sb 对某人有益
be of (much/great) benefit to sb=be (very) beneficial to sb 对某人(非常)有益
for the benefit of... 为了……的利益
经典佳句
Eating vegetables and fruits regularly is beneficial to your health.
经常吃蔬菜和水果对你的健康有好处。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Keep it in mind, and gradually we can gain this good learning habit and benefit it.
(2)China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals the benefit of all its citizens.
Ⅱ.同义句改写
(3)It is said that yoga is of great benefit to human health.
→It is said that yoga human health.
答案 (1)from/by (2)for (3)is very beneficial to
短 语 句 式
知识点13 regardless of不管;不顾;不理会
(P111)It makes people behave with integrity, regardless of background and circumstances.
它使人们无论背景和环境如何,都能正直地行事。
知识拓展
regard ...as ... 把……视作……
with/in regard to 关于;至于;对于
in this regard 就这一点而言
经典佳句
So we think it is reasonable to assume that they lived in these caves regardless of the cold.
因此我们认为,他们不顾严寒住在这些洞穴里这种假设是合理的。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Our club is open to everyone regardless age, gender or educational background.
(2)Meanwhile, I will regard it my duty to help keep our environment clean and healthy.
(3)I would like to talk to you regard to the letter you sent me.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)The plan for a new office tower went ahead local people's opposition.
不顾当地人的反对,新办公大楼的计划继续进行。
(5)I have no complaints his work.
关于他的工作,我没有什么好抱怨的。
答案 (1)of (2)as (3)with/in (4)regardless of (5)with/in regard to
知识点14 put forward提出;推荐;拿出
(P37)It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BCE).
人们愿意相信这些由伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384~322年)提出的原始观点,这并不奇怪。
知识拓展
put away 收起来;储存
put down 放下;写下
put off 推迟;延期
put on 穿上;上演
put out 扑灭;生产;出版
put through 使通过;使经历;接通电话
put up 举起;修建;张贴
经典佳句
She put forward some persuasive reasons for abandoning the plan.
她为放弃这个计划提出了一些具有说服力的理由。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)The police put him a severe examination.
(2)Are you serious in putting such a view
(3)They asked for the proposal to be put on paper.
(4)The names of the candidates will be put on the college notice board.
答案 (1)through (2)forward (3)down (4)up
知识点15 it作形式主语
(P36)It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.
现在看来,我们如何获得知识和理解似乎是显而易见的。
知识拓展
句中It作形式主语,代替后面how引导的主语从句。
it作形式主语后接主语从句的常见结构:
(1)It is+n.(a pity/surprise/wonder/...)+that...
(2)It is+adj.(amazing/surprising/wonderful/...)+that...
(3)It is+v-ed (said/reported/believed/...)+that...
(4)It seems/happens/appears/matters/...+that...
It's very difficult for me to get used to the new life abroad.
对我来说,适应国外的新生活很难。
It is natural that she should cry.
她哭是人之常情。
It is reported that the number of wild animals in Africa is decreasing.
据报道,非洲野生动物的数量正在减少。
名师点拨
在“It is/was+adj.(+for/of sb) +to do sth”结构中,for前面的形容词通常是difficult、necessary、important、quick、easy等与事物的特征有关的词。而of前面的形容词常常是wise、kind、stupid、silly、bright、nice、good等常与人的性格特点有关的词。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)It was said Tom had passed the driving test last week.
(2)It's a great honour for me (make) a speech here.
Ⅱ.一句多译
(3)实际上每个人都会有一段时期,在这段时期里很多事都不顺利,因此你不必太担心。
→ everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong, so you don't have to worry so much.(it作形式主语)
→ everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong, so you don't have to worry so much.(表语从句)
答案 (1)that (2)to make (3)It is true that;The truth is that
语法探究
名 词 搭 配
自主探究
阅读下列句子,注意黑体部分的用法。
1.To find the right answers to the questions, we should study the facts first.
2.Do you know who proved the idea that “The Earth is not the centre of the universe.”
3.People tend to believe the ideas put forward by famous people.
探究点1 及物动词+名词
We can improve knowledge by travelling.
我们可以通过旅行扩充知识。
Some people ignore the fact that air pollution is still serious.
一些人忽视了空气污染还很严重这个事实。
名师点拨
这类词语搭配常见错误为动词选择不当, 即中文思维、望文生义。
正确表达 望文生义
get knowledge learn knowledge
gain knowledge study knowledge
extend/improve/enrich/widen/broaden knowledge teach knowledge
融会应用
选词填空
(1)We students must (concentrate/gather) our efforts on improving education.
(2)Shelley usually ( relieve/lose) pressure by listening to soft music.
(3)Field trips are beneficial to (gaining/ learning) knowledge.
答案 (1)concentrate (2)relieves (3)gaining
探究点2 不及物动词+介词+名词
不及物动词后加名词作宾语时, 需添加恰当的介词。
My classmates and I usually work as volunteers in the library at weekends.
我和我的同学们周末通常在图书馆做志愿者。
It is said that the new teacher graduated from a famous university.
据说那位新老师是名牌大学毕业的。
名师点拨
这类词语搭配常见错误为介词使用不当, 该用不用、错用多用。
正确表达 介词误用
marry somebody marry with somebody
divorce somebody divorce with somebody
contact somebody contact with somebody
融会应用
单句写作
(1)Please if there is any question.
如有任何问题, 请联系我们。
(2)The hard-working boy a remote small village.
那个勤奋学习的男孩来自一个偏远的小村庄。
(3)There is no need to . Be yourself.
没必要跟别人攀比。做你自己。
答案 (1)contact us (2)comes from (3)compare with others
【随堂检测】
夯实基础
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Tom gained friendship and experience the local residents, when working with them.
2.With the improvement of living standards,people begin (pursue) a high quality of life.
3.A lack of confidence can lead to your losing the chance to go abroad for further (educate).
4.He has made important (contribute) to the company's success.
5.Children, when (expose) to an English-speaking atmosphere, will pick up the language much more easily.
6.Many children at the school do not live in the town, but come from the (surround) countryside.
7.Regardless your choice of course,you'll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.
8. conclusion,certain movies play a positive role,but not all movies do.
9.Humor can clearly be of much help to our work,study and life, as it is beneficial our physical and mental health.
10.Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the (assume) you've made.
答案 1.from 2.pursuing/to pursue 3.education
4.contributions 5.exposed 6.surrounding 7.of
8.In 9.to 10.assumption
Ⅱ.课文语法填空
1. seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding. To start 2. , we need questions. Then, 3. (find) answers,we observe the world around us and study the facts. After that,we consider possible answers and test each to find the right 4. (one). Modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the 5. (world) problems with this type of analysis.
Our understanding of the world around us is 6. (constant) growing and changing. In other words,we learn more every day.We need to thank the great men of the past for 7. (they) wisdom. They understood that we don't know everything and probably never will, as this would mean a world with 8. (question). We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei,who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of 9. (convention) thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today's civilisation 10. (build) upon.
答案 1.It 2.with 3.to find 4.ones 5.world's
6.constantly 7.their 8.questions 9.conventional 10.is built
Ⅲ.根据提示完成小作文
上周我们举行了一次数学考试。很显然(obvious)考场上的气氛有些紧张。一道数学题引起了我的注意。我想做出这道题,不想放弃(abandon)它。但是我有些笨,而且我做题效率低(inefficient)。最后,虽然我没有做出这道题,但它是值得(worthy)思考的。两天后,老师公布了考试成绩,我取得了一个好成绩。我把成功归功于(owe)我的努力。
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参考范文
We had a math test last week.It was obvious that the atmosphere in the examination room was a little tense.A math problem caught my attention.I wanted to work out the problem, and I didn't want to abandon it.But I'm a bit stupid,and I'm inefficient at doing math problems.In the end,although I failed, it was worthy of being thought about. Two days later, the teacher declared the results of the test. I got a good grade. I owe my success to my efforts.
衔接高考
单句填空
1.(2023·浙江1月)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
2.(2022·北京)If you are close to the front of the list, you have a good chance of (gain) a place in the programme in the near future.
3.(2021·全国甲)When (contribute) were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
4.(2020·全国Ⅰ)The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when (expose) to daylight.
5.(2022·北京)Crystal knew that visions alone don't produce results, but (conclude) that “we'll never produce results that we can't envision”.
6.(2021·浙江1月)Furthermore, our classes are worthy of (attend), because you can appreciate the differences between Chinese and western teaching methods.
答案 1.surrounded 2.gaining 3.contributions 4.exposed 5.concluded 6.being attended
2
