(共72张PPT)
UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY
Section Ⅲ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
1.通过分析课文，了解流行病产生的原因、种类和历史。（语言能力,文化意识）
2.通过分析课文结构，了解文章大意，培养略读和查读等阅读能力，培养分析长难句的能力。（学习能力）
3.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要词汇的基本用法。（语言能力）
Ⅰ.基础单词
1.______ n.器官
organ
2.__________ n.纵横字谜；纵横填字游戏
crossword
3._____ n.地区；地带
zone
4._______ n.摄入量；摄取量
intake
5.______ n.病毒
virus
6.______ n.因素；要素
factor
7.________ n.（医学或科学中的）基线；准线
baseline
8.___________ adj.分布广的；广泛流传的
widespread
9._______ n.样本；样品vt.品尝；尝试；对……做抽样调查
sample
10._____ vt.埋葬；安葬；埋藏
bury
11._____ vt.造成；引起；产生（问题、危险、困难等） n.（为画像、拍照等而摆的）
姿势；姿态
pose
12._________ n.爆发；突然发生
outbreak
13._________ vt.强调；使突出
underline
14._________ adj.彻底的；全面的；详尽的
thorough
15.______ n.地球；世界；地球仪
globe
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1.________ vt.包含；容纳；装盛→_________ n.容器
contain
container
2.______ vi. & vt.找出……的准确位置→_______ adj.位于……的
locate
located
3._________ n.变化物；变体；差异；变动→_____vt.& vi.使多样化；变化→
________adj.不同的；各种各样的→_______ n.变化；多样性
variation
vary
various
variety
4._________ adv.官方地；正式地→_______adj.官方的；正式的；公务的
officially
official
5.________ vt.将……分类；把……归入一类→____________ n. 分类；归类
classify
classification
6._____adj.稀有的；罕见的；不常发生的→______ adv. 很少；罕有地
rare
rarely
7.________ adj.反对的；敌对的；相反的→_______ vt.反对
opposed
oppose
8.__________ adj.令人沮丧的；让人忧愁的→__________ adj.沮丧的→__________ n.
沮丧；不高兴
depressing
depressed
depression
9.________ vt. & n.估计；估算→__________ n.判断；评价；看法
estimate
estimation
10._______ adj.看得见的→_______ n.视力；视野
visible
vision
11._____ n.试验；审判；审理→____ v.& n.试验；尝试
trial
try
12.______ adj.实际的；真实的→________ adv.实际上
actual
actually
13.__________ n.系统化的；有条理的→_______ n.系统
systematic
system
1.consist ___ 由……组成
of
2.make ____ 构成；组成；编造（故事、谎言等）；弥补；补偿；化妆
up
3.be responsible____ 负责
for
4.as opposed___相对于
to
5.die ________ 死于
of/from
6.____ record 记录在案的
on
7.get ________ 度过；熬过（困难或不愉快的时期）
through
8.___ a result of 由于；因为
as
9.result___ 导致
in
10.get_____ 从……恢复过来
over
11.come up_____ 想出
with
12.as ______as possible 尽可能快的
soon
1.With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of
the past, Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues
about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics. （with+宾语+动
词-ing形式）
翻译 随着最近的新闻报道将禽流感和过去致命的流行病相提并论，吉姆·史密斯在屡
屡令人感到沮丧的流行病历史中寻找线索，从而创造一个没有流行病的美好未来。
仿写 ___________________________, he felt more uneasy.
每个人都盯着他看,他感到更不自在了。
With everyone staring at him
2.Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the
epidemic, making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.（动词-
ing形式作结果状语）
翻译 科学家现在估计，发病区域高达50%的人口死于这一流行病，这成为罗马帝国衰
落的主要原因之一。
仿写 Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919,
________________________________to the American people.
亨利·克莱·弗里克是纽约的一位富豪,于1919年去世,把他的房子和艺术收藏品全部留给
了美国人民。
leaving his house and art collection
Step 1 文本整体理解，关注布局谋篇
Read the passage on Pages 58-59 and match the main idea with each part.
A.The ways to solve epidemics.
B.The criteria for judging an epidemic.
C.The epidemics in history.
D.The definition of an epidemic.
1.Part 1（Para.1）( )
D
2.Part 2（Para.2）( )
B
3.Part 3（Paras.3-8）( )
C
4.Part 4（Para.9）( )
A
Step 2 细读课文，明确教材细节
Ⅰ.Read the passage on Pages 58-59 carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Which of the following is not a feature of an epidemic ( )
A
A.A large number of people will die. B.A large number of people will be affected.
C.It can be caused by different factors. D.It spreads rapidly.
2.The reason why the Spanish Flu was the most severe epidemic is that ___.
D
A.more people travelled and moved than ever before
B.people didn't think it could pose a threat at first
C.it broke out near the end of World War Ⅰ
D.all of the above
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Pages 58-59 carefully and fill in the form below.
Basic featur es Definition An 1.__________ disease that 2._______ spreads to a large number
of people within a 3.______ period of time.
Reasons They can be caused by several different factors, such as a virus
being carried into an area, or changes in the way people 4._____.
Classificat ion Each disease can only 5._________ be classified as an epidemic
once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease.
infectious
rapidly
short
live
officially
Epide mics in histor y Name Period Places Death toll
Bird Flu In 1997 More than a
hundred
Epidemics in the Roman Empire About 500 and 550 CE Roman Empire 50% of the
area's population
The Black Death In the 1330s Asia, Europe
The Spanish Flu In 1918 up to 50
million
续表
Epidemics in history SARS 2002-2003 China, Canada, Vietnam, Singapore
EVD 2013-2016 West Africa 11,310 or more
Soluti on Countries need to work together to do thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics to get at the 6._______ and come up with cures as soon as possible.
causes
续表
核 心 单 词
知识点1 contain vt.包含；容纳；装盛；克制；抑制（强烈的感情等） ＊container n.容器；集装箱；货柜
（牛津词典）This drink doesn't contain any alcohol.
这种饮料不含任何酒精。
contain oneself 克制自己
contain an epidemic 防止流行病的蔓延
The bottle contains some nuts.
瓶子里有一些坚果。
contain 侧重“整体内有”,指在某一范围或容器内能容纳某物,不用于进行时
include 侧重被包含者只是整体中的一部分。其常用结构为“including+被包括
部分”或“被包括部分+included”
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）She couldn't contain _______（she） any longer—she simply had to tell him
the good news.
herself
（2）Food will last longer if kept in an airtight _________（contain）.
container
（3）The cats were fed a normal diet, __________（contain） 20% protein.
containing
Ⅱ.写出下列句中contain的含义
（4）The photo album contains a lot of pictures taken during my childhood.______
包含
（5）The stadium is large enough to contain 10,000 audience.______
容纳
（6）Hearing the disappointing news, he was too sad to contain himself.______
克制
知识点2 locate vi.& vt.找出……的准确位置 vt.把……安置在（或建造于）vi.创办于（某地） ＊location n.位置；地点；外景拍摄地 ＊located adj.位于……的
（牛津词典）The mechanic located the fault immediately.
机修工立即找到了出故障的地方。
be located at/in位于……
locate...in...把……安置在（或建造于）……
No one knows the location of the hidden treasure.
谁也不知道藏宝地点在哪里。
The scientists want to locate the position of thegene on a chromosome.
科学家想找到该基因在染色体上的位置。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）________ （locate） at the center of the city, the apartment is very expensive.
Located
（2）He had decided to start his own business and the first thing he looked at was
his office's________（locate）.
location
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）Beihai Park,one of the best-preserved royal gardens,
_______________________________ .
北海公园是保存最好的皇家园林之一，位于北京市中心。
is located in the center of Beijing
知识点3 variation n.变化物；变体；差异；变动 ＊variety n.多样化；变化；种类；各式各样 ＊various adj.不同的；各种各样的 ＊vary vt.&vi.改变；变化
（P58）A new epidemic can be a different variation of a virus that people caught in the past.
一种新的传染病可能是过去人们感染的病毒的不同变种。
a variety of=varieties of种类繁多的；多种多样的
for various reasons 由于种种原因
vary from...to... 在……到……之间变动
There are various goods in the supermarket，and the prices vary from cents to dollars. The variety attracts many customers.
超市里有各种各样的商品，价格从几美分到几美元不等。商品种类繁多，吸引了许多顾客。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）One of the advantages is that we can find ________（vary） of topics, such as
science, culture and history.
varieties
（2）It is a pity that some people can't go back home at the Spring Festival for
________（vary） reasons.
various
（3）All languages change over time and vary ______place to place because of the
local accent.
from
Ⅱ.词汇升级
（4）In my free time, I'd like to take exercise, such as swimming, running and all
kinds of ball games.
→In my free time, I'd like to take exercise, such as swimming, running and
____________________________ball games.
various/a variety of/varieties of
知识点4 classify vt.将……分类；把……归类 ＊classification n.分类；归类；分级 ＊ classified adj.分类的；归类的；机密的；保密的
（P58）Each disease can only officially be classified as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease.
只有致死病例达到一定数量,某种疾病才会被正式定性为流行病。
classify sb/sth as... 将某人/某物归类为……
be classified into... 被划分成……；被分类成……
be classified by... 按照……被分类
The books in the library are classified by subject and the classification is very convenient for the students and teachers.
图书馆的图书是按学科分类的，这样的分类对学生和老师都很方便。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）According to the subject, her short poems can be classified _____two groups:
poems about nature and poems about human life.
into
（2）These cows are now classified ___a kind of rare species.
as
知识点5 rare adj.稀有的；罕见的；不常发生的 ＊ rarely adv.罕有；很少；不常
（P58）So a very rare disease will have a low baseline and just a few cases of it in one place will be classified as an epidemic； as opposed to more common diseases, such as the flu, that have a higher baseline.
罕见疾病的基线很低，即使某一地区只出现少数病例，也会被认定为是流行病；与此相反，常见疾病的基线较高，如流感。
a rare breed/plant 珍奇物种/植物
on the rare occasions when...在……的罕见情况下
it is rare to do sth做某事很少见
It's very rare to find these birds in England in winter.
冬天在英国很难找到这种鸟。
rarely位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，有类似用法的否定副词还有never、little、seldom、hardly等。
Rarely have I seen such a beautiful sunset.
我很少看到如此美丽的日落。
Rarely has a debate attracted so much media attention.
难得有一场辩论吸引这么多的媒体关注。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）Rarely _____________ such a strange story.
我很少听到这样离奇的故事。
have I heard
（2）____________________ when they met he hardly even dared speak to her.
在他们彼此难得相见的情况下，他还是几乎不敢跟她说话。
On the rare occasions
知识点6 oppose vt.反对；阻挠；与……竞争 ＊opposed adj.相反的；对立的
（P58）...as opposed to more common diseases, such as the flu, that have a higher baseline. ……与此相反，常见疾病的基线较高，如流感。
oppose （doing） sth 反对（做）某事
oppose sb doing sth 反对某人做某事
oppose sth to/against sth使某事物与另一事物对照或对抗
be opposed to... 反对……；与……对立
Oppose extravagant eating and drinking and pay attention to thrift and economy.
反对大吃大喝，注意节约。
I would oppose changing the law.
我将反对改变这个法规。
oppose后跟表示动作的词作宾语时，要用动词-ing形式。be opposed to结构中，to是介词，其后要用动词-ing形式。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）I have been consistently opposed to_______ （give） a child whatever he wants.
giving
（2）She remained bitterly ________ （oppose） to the idea of moving abroad.
opposed
知识点7 depressing adj.令人沮丧的；让人忧愁的 ＊depress vt.使抑郁；使沮丧；使消沉 ＊depressed adj.抑郁的；沮丧的；意志消沉的 ＊depression n.抑郁；沮丧；消沉
（P58）With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past, Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics.
随着最近的新闻报道将禽流感和过去致命的流行病相提并论，吉姆·史密斯在屡屡令人感到沮丧的流行病历史中寻找线索，从而创造一个没有流行病的美好未来。
It depresses sb to do sth. 做某事使某人沮丧。
be in a state of depression 处于抑郁状态
feel/be depressed about...对……感到沮丧
The depressing news made him feel depressed and the depression had a bad effect on his work.
这个令人沮丧的消息使他感到沮丧，这种沮丧对他的工作产生了不良影响。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）For the first few months after Daniel died, his wife was in a state
of__________ （depress）．
depression
（2）I don't like the TV programme because I find it too __________（depress）．
depressing
（3）Jackson said his boss became increasingly __________ （depress） and started
to smoke heavily.
depressed
知识点8 estimate vt. & n. 估计；估算 ＊ estimated adj.估计的 ＊estimation n.估计
（P59）Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic, making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.
科学家现在估计，发病区域高达50%的人口死于这一流行病，这也成为罗马帝国衰落的主要原因之一。
a rough/conservative estimate of ... 对……的粗略/保守估计
estimate sth （at sth） 估计……价值为……
It is estimated that...据估算……
an estimated cost of... ……的估计成本
It is estimated that 1.3 billion people will use English as either their first or second language by 2050.
据估计，到2050年，将有13亿人会把英语作为第一或第二语言。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts （干
旱） have led to an _________ （estimate） 75 per cent of Tunisia's agricultural
lands being threatened by desertification.
estimated
（2）It ____________ （estimate） that 3,000 people will attend the meeting.
is estimated
知识点9 bury vt. 掩埋；埋葬；使专心；使沉浸
（P59）Families who had only just got through the war now had to bury their loved ones who had died of the disease.
刚刚熬过战争的人们现在不得不埋葬他们死于疾病的亲人。
bury oneself in sth 埋头/专心做某事
bury your face / head in sth 把脸/头埋在……里面
In order to be admitted into an ideal university in the future, he has been buried in his studies.
为了以后考上理想的大学，他一直埋头苦学。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）She always has her head _______（bury） in a book.
buried
（2）The skiers ____________（bury） under the snow.
were buried
Ⅱ.一句多译
（3）他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。
→ ____________________, he didn't know that all the others had left. （动词-ed形式
作状语）
→ ____________________________, he didn't know that all the others had left.（动
词-ing形式作状语）
→ _________________________________, he didn't know that all the others had left.
（原因状语从句）
Buried in his studies
Burying himself in his studies
Because he was buried in his study
短 语 句 式
知识点10 get through 通过；设法联系上（尤指打通电话） ；完成；（使某人）熬过困难时期
（P59）Families who had only just got through the war now had to bury their loved ones who had died of the disease.
刚刚熬过战争的人们现在不得不埋葬他们死于疾病的亲人。
get across 被理解；使人了解
get down to sth/doing sth 开始认真对待/做某事
get along/on （with） （和某人）相处融洽；（工作）进行
get away with 逃避惩罚
get over 克服；恢复
Now that we've all introduced ourselves to the new members, let's get down to the work.
既然现在我们已经向新成员们做了自我介绍，让我们开始工作吧。
Everybody wants to get through the terrible economic situation.
每个人都想度过糟糕的经济状况。
“v.+through”的常见短语如下：
glance through 匆匆看一遍
cut through 抄近路走
break through 突破
pull through 康复；痊愈
pass through 经过；路过
look through 浏览；翻阅；逐一查看
融会应用 用get的相关短语填空
（1）Once you want to do something, you must ____________doing it well．
get down to
（2）Your meaning didn't really__________．
get across
（3）If we can _________present difficulties, then everything should be all right.
get over
（4）I've been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something
wrong with the network. I can't seem to___________．
get through
知识点11 as a result of 因为；由于；作为……的结果
（P59）As a result of the war, more people were travelling and moving perhaps than ever before in history and this caused the epidemic to spread worldwide.
战争引发的人口流动前所未有，从而导致这一流行病蔓延到全世界。
as a result 结果
without result（=in vain） 没有结果；白费
result in 引起；导致；造成（后接结果）
result from 由……引起（后接原因）
Many hair problems result from what you eat.
很多头发问题都是由饮食引起的。
As a result of the greenhouse effect, the Earth's temperature is increasing.
由于温室效应，地球的温度在升高。
（1）as a result是副词短语，单独使用，作状语，可用逗号隔开；as a result of是介词短语，后接名词、代词、动词-ing 形式以及what引导的宾语从句。
（2）because of、thanks to、due to、owing to等短语也表示“因为；由于”。
融会应用
Ⅰ.用result的相关短语填空
（1）His not studying hard ___________ his failure in exams and ___________， he
was expelled（开除）.Though he tried every means to save it, his attempts were
_____________ and he had to drop out of school.
resulted in
as a result
without result
Ⅱ.单句写作
（2）Sickness often __________________ too much.
疾病往往由吃得太多引起。
results from eating
（3）Failure to observe park rules could ____________________out of the park
without a refund.
不遵守公园的规章制度将会导致被驱逐出公园且不退款。
result in being driven
知识点12 come up with提出
（P59）...they want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics to get at the causes and come up with cures as soon as possible. ……他们希望对流行病进行彻底和系统的医学研究，以找出病因并尽快提出治疗方法。
come up to 走近；临近
come up 发生；被提及（无被动式）
come out 出来；出版；开花
come across （偶然）遇见；碰到
come about 发生
come to 达到；总计
Her best qualities come out in a crisis.
她的优秀品质在危机时显示了出来。
Having discussed the problem all afternoon, they finally came up with a solution.
经过一下午的讨论,他们终于想出了解决办法。
come up with的主语是人或组织，with后是提出的内容；come up意为“被提出”，主语是被提出的内容，且用主动表被动。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）When will the matter _________for discussion
这件事什么时候会被提出来讨论？
come up
（2）This book____________________ in Britain，and later in France and in Spain.
该书即将在英国出版，随后还会在法国和西班牙出版。
is about to come out
（3）They didn't know how the change _______________.
他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。
had come about
知识点13 动词-ing形式作结果状语
（P59）Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic, making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.
科学家现在估计，发病区域高达50%的人口死于这一流行病，这成为罗马帝国衰落的主要原因之一。
句中的making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire是动词-ing形式作结果状语。
除此之外，动词-ing形式还可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语、让步状语和方式状语等。
I gazed into the dark sky, thinking about where I would belong.（伴随状语）
凝望着漆黑的夜空,我心里思索着路在何方。
Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. （条件状语）
你如果努力学习，就一定能成功。
Not knowing his address, I can't send this book to him.（原因状语）
因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）The song is sung all over the country, ________（make） it very popular.
making
（2）__________（travel） by car, we visited many exciting and beautiful places.
Travelling
（3）_______（go） straight down the road, you will find the department store.
Going
（4）Dina, ________________（struggle） for months to find a job as a waitress,
finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
having struggled
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.There are 60 students in our class, __________（contain） 35 boys and 25 girls.
containing
2.________（locate） in the city's commercial center,the shopping mall attracts lots of
young people to seek fashions every day.
Located
3.We should learn from ________（vary） civilizations, ancient and modern, and
absorb their benefits.
various
4.At the moment, the UK government _________（classify） e-sports as kinds of
games, not as sports.
classifies
5.He ________（oppose） fiercely to flexible working hours and does not believe in
working at home.
opposes
6.More high-speed railways have been built in China,________（make） it much
easier for people to travel.
making
7.I couldn't get ________the door because there was a big box in the way.
through
8.________ （bury） herself in her study,Linda had little experience in getting along
with boys.
Burying
9.As a result ___these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6
million in 1851.
of
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.He watered the flowers in the garden more often________________________.
他更频繁地给花园里的花浇水，结果反而使事情变得更糟。
only making things worse
2.______________________________,we are sure to finish it on time.
有这么多人帮忙，我们一定能按时完成它。
With so many people helping us
3.Public transport can't keep pace with the city's development, __________________.
公共交通跟不上城市的发展，这造成了交通堵塞。
causing traffic jams
4.______________________________, he threw the cap into the sky happily.
他知道自己比赛获胜了，高兴地把帽子扔上了天。
Knowing that he won the match
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
An epidemic is the name given to 1.____ infectious disease that rapidly spreads
over a short period of time, 2.________（cause） large number of deaths,the number
of which differs for different diseases.
Professor Jim Smith conducted a study 3.___________（compare） the bird flu
which occurred in 1997 with other 4._______（dead） epidemics in our history. He
found that the earliest epidemics took place as early as to 550 CE, 5._______ killed
half of the population in that particular area. The same epidemic 6.______（call）
“The Black Death” returned in the 1330s in Asia and spread quickly to Europe.
an
causing
to compare
deadly
which
called
Some hundred years later, the Great Flu Epidemic broke out in 1918, also known
7.___ the Spanish Flu, killing 50 million people. This was considered the most severe
epidemic in human history. The 1997 bird flu which claimed over 100 lives was an
8.__________（adapt） of the 1918 Spanish Flu.
At the start of the 21st century there were two major epidemics SARS and,
EVD.The more recently 9.__________（discover） SARS disease infected about 8,000
people. According to official records, EVD has killed more than 11,310 people in
West Africa alone.
Globally, researchers are coming together to try to find out the causes and help
to find 10._________（effect） treatments for epidemics.
as
adaptation
discovered
effective
Ⅳ.根据提示完成小作文
据估计（estimate）,一些珍稀的（rare）动物正在消失。它们的消失有很多因素（factor）,但大致可以分为（classify）两类,一部分是因为它们不能适应环境,另一部分是因为人类活动对它们的栖息地造成了（pose）破坏。令人沮丧的（depressing）是,一些人不加选择地杀死动物,因为他们认为它们携带病毒（virus）。幸运的是,有识之士反对（oppose）这种做法,并呼吁全球共同努力,采取彻底的（thorough）、系统的（systematic）措施来保护动物。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文
It is estimated that some rare animals are disappearing. There are many factors in their disappearance,but they can be roughly classified into two categories,partly because they are unable to adapt to the environment,and partly because of human activities,which pose a threat to their habitats. It is depressing that some people indiscriminately kill animals because they think they carry viruses. Fortunately, people of vision oppose this practice and call for a global effort to develop thorough and systematic measures to protect animals.
单句填空
1.（2022·新高考Ⅰ）Human speech ________（contain） more than 2,000 different
sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African
languages.
contains
2.（2022·浙江）________（locate） on the third floor beside the online reading
rooms, it can be accessible from 8 am till 9 pm throughout the weekdays.
Located
3.（2023·四省适应性考试）Mesa Arts Center is hosting an eight-week youth arts
course on Saturdays to teach artistic skills and knowledge through fun and challenging
art classes in a wide _______（vary） of art materials.
variety
4.（2021·浙江）My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags when a
stranger came ____ to her...
upUnit 9 Section Ⅲ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
【学习目标】
1.通过分析课文,了解流行病产生的原因、种类和历史。(语言能力,文化意识)
2.通过分析课文结构,了解文章大意,培养略读和查读等阅读能力,培养分析长难句的能力。(学习能力)
3.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要词汇的基本用法。(语言能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
Ⅰ.基础单词
1. n.器官
2. n.纵横字谜;纵横填字游戏
3. n.地区;地带
4. n.摄入量;摄取量
5. n.病毒
6. n.因素;要素
7. n.(医学或科学中的)基线;准线
8. adj.分布广的;广泛流传的
9. n.样本;样品vt.品尝;尝试;对……做抽样调查
10. vt.埋葬;安葬;埋藏
11. vt.造成;引起;产生(问题、危险、困难等) n.(为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿势;姿态
12. n.爆发;突然发生
13. vt.强调;使突出
14. adj.彻底的;全面的;详尽的
15. n.地球;世界;地球仪
答案 1.organ 2.crossword 3.zone 4.intake 5.virus 6.factor 7.baseline 8.widespread
9.sample 10.bury 11.pose 12.outbreak
13.underline 14.thorough 15.globe
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1. vt.包含;容纳;装盛→ n.容器
2. vi. & vt.找出……的准确位置→ adj.位于……的
3. n.变化物;变体;差异;变动→ vt.& vi.使多样化;变化→ adj.不同的;各种各样的→ n.变化;多样性
4. adv.官方地;正式地→ adj.官方的;正式的;公务的
5. vt.将……分类;把……归入一类→ n. 分类;归类
6. adj.稀有的;罕见的;不常发生的→ adv. 很少;罕有地
7. adj.反对的;敌对的;相反的→ vt.反对
8. adj.令人沮丧的;让人忧愁的→ adj.沮丧的→ n.沮丧;不高兴
9. vt. & n.估计;估算→ n.判断;评价;看法
10. adj.看得见的→ n.视力;视野
11. n.试验;审判;审理→ v.& n.试验;尝试
12. adj.实际的;真实的→ adv.实际上
13. n.系统化的;有条理的→ n.系统
答案 1.contain;container 2.locate;located 3.variation;vary;various;variety 4.officially;official
5.classify;classification 6.rare;rarely 7.opposed;oppose 8.depressing;depressed;depression
9.estimate;estimation 10.visible;vision 11.trial;try 12.actual;actually 13.systematic;system
Step 2 短语记诵
1.consist 由……组成
2.make 构成;组成;编造(故事、谎言等);弥补;补偿;化妆
3.be responsible 负责
4.as opposed 相对于
5.die 死于
6. record 记录在案的
7.get 度过;熬过(困难或不愉快的时期)
8. a result of 由于;因为
9.result 导致
10.get 从……恢复过来
11.come up 想出
12.as as possible 尽可能快的
答案 1.of 2.up 3.for 4.to 5.of/from 6.on
7.through 8.as 9.in 10.over 11.with 12.soon
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past, Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics. (with+宾语+动词-ing形式)
翻译 随着最近的新闻报道将禽流感和过去致命的流行病相提并论,吉姆·史密斯在屡屡令人感到沮丧的流行病历史中寻找线索,从而创造一个没有流行病的美好未来。
仿写 , he felt more uneasy.
每个人都盯着他看,他感到更不自在了。
2.Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic, making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.(动词-ing形式作结果状语)
翻译 科学家现在估计,发病区域高达50%的人口死于这一流行病,这成为罗马帝国衰落的主要原因之一。
仿写 Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, to the American people.
亨利·克莱·弗里克是纽约的一位富豪,于1919年去世,把他的房子和艺术收藏品全部留给了美国人民。
答案 1.With everyone staring at him 2.leaving his house and art collection
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1 文本整体理解,关注布局谋篇
Read the passage on Pages 58-59 and match the main idea with each part.
( )1.Part 1(Para.1)
( )2.Part 2(Para.2)
( )3.Part 3(Paras.3-8)
( )4.Part 4(Para.9)
A.The ways to solve epidemics.
B.The criteria for judging an epidemic.
C.The epidemics in history.
D.The definition of an epidemic.
答案 1~4 DBCA
Step 2 细读课文,明确教材细节
Ⅰ.Read the passage on Pages 58-59 carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Which of the following is not a feature of an epidemic
A.A large number of people will die.
B.A large number of people will be affected.
C.It can be caused by different factors.
D.It spreads rapidly.
2.The reason why the Spanish Flu was the most severe epidemic is that .
A.more people travelled and moved than ever before
B.people didn't think it could pose a threat at first
C.it broke out near the end of World War Ⅰ
D.all of the above
答案 1.A 2.D
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Pages 58-59 carefully and fill in the form below.
Basic features Definition An 1. disease that 2. spreads to a large number of people within a 3. period of time.
Reasons They can be caused by several different factors, such as a virus being carried into an area, or changes in the way people 4. .
Classification Each disease can only 5. be classified as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease.
Epidemics in history Name Period Places Death toll
Bird Flu In 1997 More than a hundred
Epidemics in the Roman Empire About 500 and 550 CE Roman Empire 50% of the area's population
The Black Death In the 1330s Asia, Europe
The Spanish Flu In 1918 up to 50 million
SARS 2002-2003 China, Canada, Vietnam, Singapore
EVD 2013-2016 West Africa 11,310 or more
Solution Countries need to work together to do thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics to get at the 6. and come up with cures as soon as possible.
答案 1.infectious 2.rapidly 3.short 4.live 5.officially 6.causes
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 contain vt.包含;容纳;装盛;克制;抑制(强烈的感情等) *container n.容器;集装箱;货柜
(牛津词典)This drink doesn't contain any alcohol.
这种饮料不含任何酒精。
知识拓展
contain oneself 克制自己
contain an epidemic 防止流行病的蔓延
图解释义
The bottle contains some nuts.
瓶子里有一些坚果。
易混辨析
contain 侧重“整体内有”,指在某一范围或容器内能容纳某物,不用于进行时
include 侧重被包含者只是整体中的一部分。其常用结构为“including+被包括部分”或“被包括部分+included”
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)She couldn't contain (she) any longer—she simply had to tell him the good news.
(2)Food will last longer if kept in an airtight (contain).
(3)The cats were fed a normal diet, (contain) 20% protein.
Ⅱ.写出下列句中contain的含义
(4)The photo album contains a lot of pictures taken during my childhood.
(5)The stadium is large enough to contain 10,000 audience.
(6)Hearing the disappointing news, he was too sad to contain himself.
答案 (1)herself (2)container (3)containing (4)包含 (5)容纳 (6)克制
知识点2 locate vi.& vt.找出……的准确位置 vt.把……安置在(或建造于)vi.创办于(某地) *location n.位置;地点;外景拍摄地 *located adj.位于…的
(牛津词典)The mechanic located the fault immediately.
机修工立即找到了出故障的地方。
知识拓展
be located at/in位于……
locate...in...把……安置在(或建造于)……
经典佳句
No one knows the location of the hidden treasure.
谁也不知道藏宝地点在哪里。
The scientists want to locate the position of the gene on a chromosome.
科学家想找到该基因在染色体上的位置。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1) (locate) at the center of the city, the apartment is very expensive.
(2)He had decided to start his own business and the first thing he looked at was his office's (locate).
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)Beihai Park,one of the best-preserved royal gardens, .
北海公园是保存最好的皇家园林之一,位于北京市中心。
答案 (1)Located (2)location (3)is located in the center of Beijing
知识点3 variation n.变化物;变体;差异;变动 *variety n.多样化;变化;种类;各式各样 *various adj.不同的;各种各样的 *vary vt.&vi.改变;变化
(P58)A new epidemic can be a different variation of a virus that people caught in the past.
一种新的传染病可能是过去人们感染的病毒的不同变种。
知识拓展
a variety of=varieties of种类繁多的;多种多样的
for various reasons 由于种种原因
vary from...to... 在……到……之间变动
经典佳句
There are various goods in the supermarket,and the prices vary from cents to dollars.The variety attracts many customers.
超市里有各种各样的商品,价格从几美分到几美元不等。商品种类繁多,吸引了许多顾客。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)One of the advantages is that we can find (vary) of topics, such as science, culture and history.
(2)It is a pity that some people can't go back home at the Spring Festival for (vary) reasons.
(3)All languages change over time and vary place to place because of the local accent.
Ⅱ.词汇升级
(4)In my free time, I'd like to take exercise, such as swimming, running and all kinds of ball games.
→In my free time, I'd like to take exercise, such as swimming, running and ball games.
答案 (1)varieties (2)various (3)from
(4)various/a variety of/varieties of
知识点4 classify vt.将……分类;把……归类 *classification n.分类;归类;分级* classified adj.分类的;归类的;机密的;保密的
(P58)Each disease can only officially be classified as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease.
只有致死病例达到一定数量,某种疾病才会被正式定性为流行病。
知识拓展
classify sb/sth as... 将某人/某物归类为……
be classified into... 被划分成……;被分类成……
be classified by... 按照……被分类
经典佳句
The books in the library are classified by subject and the classification is very convenient for the students and teachers.
图书馆的图书是按学科分类的,这样的分类对学生和老师都很方便。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)According to the subject, her short poems can be classified two groups: poems about nature and poems about human life.
(2)These cows are now classified a kind of rare species.
答案 (1)into (2)as
知识点5 rare adj.稀有的;罕见的;不常发生的 * rarely adv.罕有;很少;不常
(P58)So a very rare disease will have a low baseline and just a few cases of it in one place will be classified as an epidemic; as opposed to more common diseases, such as the flu, that have a higher baseline.
罕见疾病的基线很低,即使某一地区只出现少数病例,也会被认定为是流行病;与此相反,常见疾病的基线较高,如流感。
知识拓展
a rare breed/plant 珍奇物种/植物
on the rare occasions when...在……的罕见情况下
it is rare to do sth做某事很少见
经典佳句
It's very rare to find these birds in England in winter.
冬天在英国很难找到这种鸟。
名师点拨
rarely位于句首时,句子要部分倒装,有类似用法的否定副词还有never、little、seldom、hardly等。
Rarely have I seen such a beautiful sunset.
我很少看到如此美丽的日落。
Rarely has a debate attracted so much media attention.
难得有一场辩论吸引这么多的媒体关注。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)Rarely such a strange story.
我很少听到这样离奇的故事。
(2) when they met he hardly even dared speak to her.
在他们彼此难得相见的情况下,他还是几乎不敢跟她说话。
答案 (1)have I heard (2)On the rare occasions
知识点6 oppose vt.反对;阻挠;与……竞争 *opposed adj.相反的;对立的
(P58)...as opposed to more common diseases, such as the flu, that have a higher baseline.
……与此相反,常见疾病的基线较高,如流感。
知识拓展
oppose (doing) sth 反对(做)某事
oppose sb doing sth 反对某人做某事
oppose sth to/against sth使某事物与另一事物对照或对抗
be opposed to... 反对……;与……对立
经典佳句
Oppose extravagant eating and drinking and pay attention to thrift and economy.
反对大吃大喝,注意节约。
I would oppose changing the law.
我将反对改变这个法规。
名师点拨
oppose后跟表示动作的词作宾语时,要用动词-ing
形式。be opposed to结构中,to是介词,其后要用动词-ing形式。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)I have been consistently opposed to (give) a child whatever he wants.
(2)She remained bitterly (oppose) to the idea of moving abroad.
答案 (1)giving (2)opposed
知识点7 depressing adj.令人沮丧的;让人忧愁的 *depress vt.使抑郁;使沮丧;使消沉 *depressed adj.抑郁的;沮丧的;意志消沉的 *depression n.抑郁;沮丧;消沉
(P58)With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past, Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics.
随着最近的新闻报道将禽流感和过去致命的流行病相提并论,吉姆·史密斯在屡屡令人感到沮丧的流行病历史中寻找线索,从而创造一个没有流行病的美好未来。
知识拓展
It depresses sb to do sth. 做某事使某人沮丧。
be in a state of depression处于抑郁状态
feel/be depressed about...对……感到沮丧
经典佳句
The depressing news made him feel depressed and the depression had a bad effect on his work.
这个令人沮丧的消息使他感到沮丧,这种沮丧对他的工作产生了不良影响。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)For the first few months after Daniel died, his wife was in a state of (depress).
(2)I don't like the TV programme because I find it too (depress).
(3)Jackson said his boss became increasingly (depress) and started to smoke heavily.
答案 (1)depression (2)depressing (3)depressed
知识点8 estimate vt. & n. 估计;估算 * estimated adj.估计的 *estimation n.估计
(P59)Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic, making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.
科学家现在估计,发病区域高达50%的人口死于这一流行病,这也成为罗马帝国衰落的主要原因之一。
知识拓展
a rough/conservative estimate of ... 对……的粗略/保守估计
estimate sth (at sth) 估计……价值为……
It is estimated that...据估算……
an estimated cost of... ……的估计成本
经典佳句
It is estimated that 1.3 billion people will use English as either their first or second language by 2050.
据估计,到2050年,将有13亿人会把英语作为第一或第二语言。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts (干旱) have led to an (estimate) 75 per cent of Tunisia's agricultural lands being threatened by desertification.
(2)It (estimate) that 3,000 people will attend the meeting.
答案 (1)estimated (2)is estimated
知识点9 bury vt. 掩埋;埋葬;使专心;使沉浸
(P59)Families who had only just got through the war now had to bury their loved ones who had died of the disease.
刚刚熬过战争的人们现在不得不埋葬他们死于疾病的亲人。
知识拓展
bury oneself in sth 埋头/专心做某事
bury your face / head in sth 把脸/头埋在……里面
图解释义
In order to be admitted into an ideal university in the future, he has been buried in his studies.
为了以后考上理想的大学,他一直埋头苦学。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)She always has her head (bury) in a book.
(2)The skiers (bury) under the snow.
Ⅱ.一句多译
(3)他埋头学习,不知道其他人都早已离开了。
→ , he didn't know that all the others had left. (动词-ed形式作状语)
→ , he didn't know that all the others had left.(动词-ing形式作状语)
→ , he didn't know that all the others had left. (原因状语从句)
答案 (1)buried (2)were buried (3)Buried in his studies;Burying himself in his studies;Because he was buried in his study
短 语 句 式
知识点10 get through 通过;设法联系上(尤指打通电话) ;完成;(使某人)熬过困难时期
(P59)Families who had only just got through the war now had to bury their loved ones who had died of the disease.
刚刚熬过战争的人们现在不得不埋葬他们死于疾病的亲人。
知识拓展
get across 被理解;使人了解
get down to sth/doing sth 开始认真对待/做某事
get along/on (with) (和某人)相处融洽;(工作)进行
get away with 逃避惩罚
get over 克服;恢复
经典佳句
Everybody wants to get through the terrible economic situation.
每个人都想度过糟糕的经济状况。
Now that we've all introduced ourselves to the new members, let's get down to the work.
既然现在我们已经向新成员们做了自我介绍,让我们开始工作吧。
名师点拨
“v.+through”的常见短语如下:
glance through 匆匆看一遍
cut through 抄近路走
break through 突破
pull through 康复;痊愈
pass through 经过;路过
look through 浏览;翻阅;逐一查看
融会应用 用get的相关短语填空
(1)Once you want to do something, you must doing it well.
(2)Your meaning didn't really .
(3)If we can present difficulties, then everything should be all right.
(4)I've been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network. I can't seem to .
答案 (1)get down to (2)get across (3)get over (4)get through
知识点11 as a result of 因为;由于;作为……的结果
(P59)As a result of the war, more people were travelling and moving perhaps than ever before in history and this caused the epidemic to spread worldwide.
战争引发的人口流动前所未有,从而导致这一流行病蔓延到全世界。
知识拓展
as a result 结果
without result(=in vain) 没有结果;白费
result in 引起;导致;造成(后接结果)
result from 由……引起(后接原因)
经典佳句
Many hair problems result from what you eat.
很多头发问题都是由饮食引起的。
As a result of the greenhouse effect, the Earth's temperature is increasing.
由于温室效应,地球的温度在升高。
名师点拨
(1)as a result是副词短语,单独使用,作状语,可用逗
号隔开;as a result of是介词短语,后接名词、代词、动词-ing形式以及what引导的宾语从句。
(2)because of、thanks to、due to、owing to等短语也表示“因为;由于”。
融会应用
Ⅰ.用result的相关短语填空
(1)His not studying hard his failure in exams and , he was expelled(开除).Though he tried every means to save it, his attempts were and he had to drop out of school.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(2)Sickness often too much.
疾病往往由吃得太多引起。
(3)Failure to observe park rules could out of the park without a refund.
不遵守公园的规章制度将会导致被驱逐出公园且不退款。
答案 (1)resulted in; as a result; without result
(2)results from eating (3)result in being driven
知识点12 come up with提出
(P59)...they want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics to get at the causes and come up with cures as soon as possible.
……他们希望对流行病进行彻底和系统的医学研究,以找出病因并尽快提出治疗方法。
知识拓展
come up to 走近;临近
come up 发生;被提及(无被动式)
come out 出来;出版;开花
come across (偶然)遇见;碰到
come about 发生
come to 达到;总计
经典佳句
Her best qualities come out in a crisis.
她的优秀品质在危机时显示了出来。
Having discussed the problem all afternoon, they finally came up with a solution.
经过一下午的讨论,他们终于想出了解决办法。
名师点拨
come up with的主语是人或组织,with后是提出的内容;come up意为“被提出”,主语是被提出的内容,且用主动表被动。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)When will the matter for discussion
这件事什么时候会被提出来讨论
(2)This book in Britain,and later in France and in Spain.
该书即将在英国出版,随后还会在法国和西班牙出版。
(3)They didn't know how the change .
他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。
答案 (1)come up (2)is about to come out (3)had come about
知识点13 动词-ing形式作结果状语
(P59)Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic, making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.
科学家现在估计,发病区域高达50%的人口死于这一流行病,这成为罗马帝国衰落的主要原因之一。
知识拓展
句中的making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire是动词-ing形式作结果状语。
除此之外,动词-ing形式还可以作时间状语﹑原因状语﹑伴随状语﹑条件状语﹑让步状语和方式状语等。
I gazed into the dark sky, thinking about where I would belong.(伴随状语)
凝望着漆黑的夜空,我心里思索着路在何方。
Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. (条件状语)
你如果努力学习,就一定能成功。
Not knowing his address, I can't send this book to him.(原因状语)
因为不知道他的地址,我不能把这本书送给他。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)The song is sung all over the country, (make) it very popular.
(2) (travel) by car, we visited many exciting and beautiful places.
(3) (go) straight down the road, you will find the department store.
(4)Dina, (struggle) for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
答案 (1)making (2)Travelling (3)Going (4)having struggled
【随堂检测】
夯实基础
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.There are 60 students in our class, (contain) 35 boys and 25 girls.
2. (locate) in the city's commercial center,the shopping mall attracts lots of young people to seek fashions every day.
3.We should learn from (vary) civilizations, ancient and modern, and absorb their benefits.
4.At the moment, the UK government (classify) e-sports as kinds of games, not as sports.
5.He (oppose) fiercely to flexible working hours and does not believe in working at home.
6.More high-speed railways have been built in China, (make) it much easier for people to travel.
7.I couldn't get the door because there was a big box in the way.
8. (bury) herself in her study,Linda had little experience in getting along with boys.
9.As a result these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.
答案 1.containing 2.Located 3.various
4.classifies 5.opposes 6.making 7.through
8.Burying 9.of
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.He watered the flowers in the garden more often .
他更频繁地给花园里的花浇水,结果反而使事情变得更糟。
2. ,we are sure to finish it on time.
有这么多人帮忙,我们一定能按时完成它。
3.Public transport can't keep pace with the city's development, .
公共交通跟不上城市的发展,这造成了交通堵塞。
4. , he threw the cap into the sky happily.
他知道自己比赛获胜了,高兴地把帽子扔上了天。
答案 1.only making things worse 2.With so many people helping us 3.causing traffic jams 4.Knowing that he won the match
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
An epidemic is the name given to 1. infectious disease that rapidly spreads over a short period of time, 2.(cause) large number of deaths,the number of which differs for different diseases.
Professor Jim Smith conducted a study 3.(compare) the bird flu which occurred in 1997 with other 4.(dead) epidemics in our history. He found that the earliest epidemics took place as early as to 550 CE, 5. killed half of the population in that particular area. The same epidemic 6.(call) “The Black Death” returned in the 1330s in Asia and spread quickly to Europe. Some hundred years later, the Great Flu Epidemic broke out in 1918, also known 7. the Spanish Flu, killing 50 million people. This was considered the most severe epidemic in human history. The 1997 bird flu which claimed over 100 lives was an 8.(adapt) of the 1918 Spanish Flu.
At the start of the 21st century there were two major epidemics SARS and, EVD.The more recently 9.(discover) SARS disease infected about 8,000 people. According to official records, EVD has killed more than 11,310 people in West Africa alone.
Globally, researchers are coming together to try to find out the causes and help to find 10.(effect) treatments for epidemics.
答案 1.an 2.causing 3.to compare 4.deadly 5.which 6.called 7.as 8.adaptation 9.discovered 10.effective
Ⅳ.根据提示完成小作文
据估计(estimate),一些珍稀的(rare)动物正在消失。它们的消失有很多因素(factor),但大致可以分为(classify)两类,一部分是因为它们不能适应环境,另一部分是因为人类活动对它们的栖息地造成了(pose)破坏。令人沮丧的(depressing)是,一些人不加选择地杀死动物,因为他们认为它们携带病毒(virus)。幸运的是,有识之士反对(oppose)这种做法,并呼吁全球共同努力,采取彻底的(thorough)、系统的(systematic)措施来保护动物。
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参考范文
It is estimated that some rare animals are disappearing. There are many factors in their disappearance,but they can be roughly classified into two categories,partly because they are unable to adapt to the environment,and partly because of human activities,which pose a threat to their habitats.It is depressing that some people indiscriminately kill animals because they think they carry viruses. Fortunately, people of vision oppose this practice and call for a global effort to develop thorough and systematic measures to protect animals.
衔接高考
单句填空
1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ)Human speech (contain) more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages.
2.(2022·浙江) (locate) on the third floor beside the online reading rooms, it can be accessible from 8 am till 9 pm throughout the weekdays.
3.(2023·四省适应性考试)Mesa Arts Center is hosting an eight-week youth arts course on Saturdays to teach artistic skills and knowledge through fun and challenging art classes in a wide (vary) of art materials.
4.(2021·浙江)My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags when a stranger came to her...
答案 1.contains 2.Located 3.variety 4.up
2
