Unit 12 Section Ⅴ Writing
【学习目标】
1.通过阅读,熟悉关于发明家及其发明的文章的文体特征,并掌握其写作方法及策略。(语言能力,学习能力)
2.能够根据主题表达的需要,列出主要信息,组织写作的基本结构。(语言能力)
3.学会内容表达的完整性、行文的连贯性、遣词造句的准确性。(学习能力)
【合作探究】
写作探究
关于发明家及其发明的文章
本单元的写作任务是写一篇关于发明家及其发明的文章。人物介绍是高考书面表达常见的形式之一,以简单介绍人物的生平为主,这种简短的人物传记内容应包括人物生平最基本的信息和最重要的事迹。
高考英语写作中的人物介绍可以用第一人称(如写求职信),也可以用第三人称,时态常常用一般现在时和一般过去时,具体的人称和时态要依据写作的要求来确定。写作过程中要注意以下几个方面的问题:
1.人物写作通常需要介绍人物的姓名、年龄、外貌、学历、经历、专业、爱好、特长、事迹、性格等多方面的信息,同时需要严格按照写作要求来写,包括所给的全部信息点,既不能遗漏,也不能随意添加。
2.对题目所给的信息要进行适当重组,安排好写作顺序,突出重点信息。重点信息通常是写作的目的所在,比如求职要重点突出学历、经历,新闻报道要重点突出事迹,介绍自己的老师、朋友要突出他们的特点,等等。
3.正确运用描写人物的词汇和句型。
4.注意运用正确的时态。描写人物的外貌、性格、兴趣等常用一般现在时,而描写人物的出生、教育背景、经历、事迹常用一般过去时。
探究点1 教材范例提炼
课文范例
1.开头
(1)直接开头法:这是最常见的一种开头方法。一般从人物的出生开始,按照时间先后顺序安排人物的典型事迹。
(2)倒叙开头法:这种方法常用于介绍在世的人物,通常截取最近发生在人物身上的一个典型的镜头进行切入,接着提及人物的过去。
(3)重要事件开头法:先点出人物生平最重要的事迹,或者他身上最显著的特点。接着展开介绍人物,可以继续按照从重要到次要排列介绍人物的其他事迹,也可以按照时间顺序继续展开。
2.正文
(1)直叙法:按照人物生卒年月的顺序,依次列举人物较有代表性的事迹。
(2)倒叙法:采用由近到远的时间顺序,叙述人物的生平。
(3)事迹法:按照事件对人物重要性的大小依次叙述。
3.结尾
(1)直接结束法:以人物的卒年或者距离现在最近的一个事件直接结束文章。
(2)评论结束法:根据上文叙述,加入对人物的看法和评价。
(3)引用:引用其他人对该人物的评价来结束文章。
素材积累
1.He/She was born in 1911.
他/她出生于1911年。
2.He/She was one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century.
他/她是 20 世纪最伟大的科学家之一。
3.He/She studied at a local high school and graduated from Peking University.
他/她曾就读于当地一所高中,毕业于北京大学。
4.He/She is such a learned/strong-willed person that we all admire/respect him/her.
他/她是一个如此博学/意志坚强的人,以至于我们都很敬佩/尊敬他/她。
5.He/She devoted all his/her life to the work.
他/她毕生都致力于工作。
探究点2 写作应用体验
写作典例
请根据以下内容写一篇文章介绍中国科学家钱学森。
1.1911年生于上海,1935 年赴美留学,成绩优异,受到著名科学家冯·卡门(Theodore von Kármán)的赞誉;
2.1939年在美国获航空、数学博士学位;
3.1950年获悉新中国成立的消息,克服了美国政府的百般阻挠,于1955年回到祖国;
4.1958年起长期担任航空航天研究工作,为新中国的航天事业做出巨大的贡献,被誉为“中国航天之父”;
5.2009 年于北京去世。
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分步推进
Step 1 审题谋篇
体裁 记叙文 时态 一般现在时为主
主题 人物 介绍 人称 第三人称为主
结构 第一段:钱学森人物介绍; 第二段:评价
Step 2 要点翻译
1.翻译词汇
(1) adj. 慷慨的
(2) adj.随和的
(3) adj.有决心的
(4) adj.有献身精神的
(5) 处于麻烦/困难中
(6) 用……回报……
(7) 在……方面的巨大成就
答案 (1)generous (2)easy-going (3)determined
(4)devoted (5)in trouble (6)reward...with... (7)great achievements in
2.翻译句子
(1)钱学森1911 年生于上海,他被誉为“中国航天之父”。
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(2)1935年钱学森赴美留学,成绩优异,受到著名科学家冯·卡门的赞誉。
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(3)1950 年,他听说新中国成立了;1955年尽管美国政府试图阻止他,他还是成功地回到了祖国。
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答案
(1)Qian Xuesen,regarded as the father of China's space program,was born in 1911 in Shanghai.
(2)In 1935,Qian Xuesen went to America for further study and was highly thought of by the famous scientist Theodore von Kármán because of his great achievements.
(3)In 1950,he heard New China had been founded and succeeded in coming back to his homeland in 1955 though the American government tried to stop him.
Step 3 连句成篇
利用以上几个句子,加上恰当的连接词和过渡句,必要时可以改变句式,使之成为一篇连贯的文章。
参考范文
Qian Xuesen, regarded as the father of China's space program,was born in 1911 in Shanghai. In 1935, he went to America for further study and was highly thought of by the famous scientist Theodore von Kármán because of his great achievements. Qian Xuesen obtained his doctor's degree in aerospace science and mathematics in the US in 1939. In 1950,he heard New China had been founded and succeeded in coming back to his homeland in 1955 though the American government tried to stop him.Since 1958 Qian Xuesen had been devoted to aerospace science and contributed a lot to the cause of China's aerospace. In 2009, he passed away in Beijing.
Because of the love for his country and the great achievements,Qian Xuesen has received the respect and admiration from Chinese people.
【随堂检测】
夯实基础
主题写作
假定你是李华,在“小科学家”发明展示会上,你将展示你最新发明的Language Interpreter。请你根据下面表格中的内容写一篇英语短文,介绍一下自己的发明。
Name Language Interpreter
Size The same size as a cellphone
Usage Translating one language into another
Advantage Useful, convenient
Disadvantage Only translating several languages
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
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参考范文
My name is Li Hua. Here is my invention,Language Interpreter. It's the same size as a cellphone. But it is very useful and convenient. If you input the language you want to translate into and then make a short speech,it can translate what you want within 5 to 10 seconds. You can talk with foreigners easily with the help of it. But it can only translate several languages. I'll work hard to improve it. I'm sure it will translate more and more languages in the near future.
【课外拓展】
视野拓展
美篇导读
《汤姆·索亚历险记》(The Adventures of Tom Sawyer)是一部美国著名的儿童文学作品,出版于1876年,是马克·吐温的著作之一。小说描写的是以汤姆·索亚为首的一群孩子天真烂漫、富有情趣的生活。他们为了摆脱枯燥无味的功课、虚伪的教义和呆板的生活环境,开始了种种冒险经历。
美篇呈现
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (Excerpt)
Presently a vagrant poodle dog came idling① along,sad at heart,lazy with the summer softness and the quiet,weary② of captivity,sighing for change.He spied the beetle;the drooping tail lifted and wagged.He surveyed the prisoner;walked around it;smelt at it from a safe distance;walked around it again;grew bolder,and took a closer smell;then lifted his lip and made a gingerly snatch③ at it,just missing it;made another,and another;began to enjoy the diversion④;subsided to his stomach with the beetle between his paws,and continued his experiments;grew weary at last,and then indifferent⑤and absent-minded.His head nodded,and little by little his chin descended and touched the enemy,who seized it.There was a sharp yelp,a flirt of the poodle's head,and the beetle fell a couple of yards away,and lit on its back once more.The neighboring spectators⑥shook with a gentle inward joy,several faces went behind fans and handkerchiefs,and Tom was entirely happy.The dog looked foolish,and probably felt so;but there was resentment⑦ in his heart,too,and a craving for revenge.So he went to the beetle and began a wary⑧ attack on it again;jumping at it from every point of a circle,lighting with his fore-paws within an inch of the creature,making even closer snatches at it with his teeth,and jerking his head till his ears flapped again. But he grew tired once more,after a while;tried to amuse himself with a fly but found no relief;followed an ant around,with his nose close to the floor,and quickly wearied of that;yawned,sighed,forgot the beetle entirely,and sat down on it.Then there was a wild yelp of agony and the poodle went sailing up the aisle;the yelps continued,and so did the dog;he crossed the house in front of the altar;he flew down the other aisle;he crossed before the doors;he clamored up the home-stretch;his anguish⑨ grew with his progress,till presently he was but a woolly comet moving in its orbit with the gleam and the speed of light.At last the frantic sufferer sheered from its course,and sprang into its master's lap;he flung it out of the window,and the voice of distress quickly thinned away and died in the distance.
汤姆·索亚历险记(节选)
这时一只游荡的狮子狗懒洋洋地走过来,心情郁闷,在安闲的夏日里显得懒懒散散,它在屋里待腻了,很想出来换换环境。它一眼发现了一只甲虫,垂着的尾巴立即竖起来,晃动着。它审视了一下这个俘虏,围着它转了一圈,远远地闻了闻,又围着它走了一圈,胆子渐渐大了起来,靠近点又闻了闻。它张开嘴,小心翼翼地想把它咬住,可是没咬住。于是它试了一回,又一回,渐渐地觉得这很开心,便把肚子贴着地,用两只脚把甲虫挡在中间,继续捉弄它。最后它终于厌烦了,不在乎了。它的下巴一点一点往下低,刚一碰到它的对手就被它咬住了。狮子狗尖叫一声,猛然摇了一下头,于是甲虫被它摔出了有一两码远,摔得仰面朝天。旁边的观看者心里感到一种轻松的愉快,笑了起来,有些人用扇子和手绢遮住了脸,汤姆简直高兴死了。那只狗看起来傻乎乎的,也许它自己也觉得如此吧,可是它怀恨在心,决计报复。于是,它又走近甲虫,小心翼翼地开始再向它进攻。它围着它转,一有机会就扑上去,前爪离甲虫还不到一英寸远,又靠上去用牙齿去咬它,弄得它自己头直点,耳朵也上下直扇悠。可是,过了一会儿,它又厌烦了。它本想拿只苍蝇来开开胃,可是仍不能解闷;然后,它鼻子贴着地面,跟着一只蚂蚁走,不久又打了呵欠,叹了口气,把那只甲虫彻底地给忘记了,一屁股坐在甲虫上面。于是,就听到这狗痛苦地尖叫起来,只见它在过道上飞快地跑着。它不停地叫着,不停地跑着,从圣坛前面跑过去,跑到了另一边的过道上。它又从大门那儿跑出去,跑到门边上的最后一段跑道,它越往前跑,越是痛得难受,后来简直成了一个毛茸茸的彗星,闪着光亮,以光的速度在它的轨道上运行着。最后这只痛得发疯的狮子狗,越出了跑道,跳到主人的怀里;主人一把抓住它,把它扔到窗户外,痛苦的叫声很快地小下来,最后在远处听不见了。
知识积累
①idle v.虚度;(使)空转
②weary adj.疲倦的;困乏的
③snatch n.抢夺
④diversion n.转向;转移;娱乐
⑤indifferent adj.漠不关心的
⑥spectator n.观众;旁观者
⑦resentment n.怨恨;愤恨
⑧wary adj.警惕的;(对待人或事物时)小心的;谨慎的
⑨anguish n.剧痛;极度痛苦
素养链接
马克·吐温(1835—1910),美国杰出的小说家,十九世纪美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人,一生写了大量的作品。他以幽默和讽刺的笔调生动描绘了十九世纪末美国的社会图景与风土人情。其代表作有《竞选州长》《百万英镑》《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》《汤姆·索亚历险记》等。
2(共27张PPT)
UNIT 12 INNOVATION
Section Ⅴ Writing
1.通过阅读，熟悉关于发明家及其发明的文章的文体特征，并掌握其写作方法及策略。（语言能力，学习能力）
2.能够根据主题表达的需要，列出主要信息，组织写作的基本结构。（语言能力）
3.学会内容表达的完整性、行文的连贯性、遣词造句的准确性。（学习能力）
关于发明家及其发明的文章
本单元的写作任务是写一篇关于发明家及其发明的文章。人物介绍是高考书面表达常见的形式之一，以简单介绍人物的生平为主，这种简短的人物传记内容应包括人物生平最基本的信息和最重要的事迹。
高考英语写作中的人物介绍可以用第一人称（如写求职信），也可以用第三人称，时态常常用一般现在时和一般过去时，具体的人称和时态要依据写作的要求来确定。写作过程中要注意以下几个方面的问题：
1.人物写作通常需要介绍人物的姓名、年龄、外貌、学历、经历、专业、爱好、特长、事迹、性格等多方面的信息，同时需要严格按照写作要求来写，包括所给的全部信息点，既不能遗漏，也不能随意添加。
2.对题目所给的信息要进行适当重组，安排好写作顺序，突出重点信息。重点信息通常是写作的目的所在，比如求职要重点突出学历、经历，新闻报道要重点突出事迹，介绍自己的老师、朋友要突出他们的特点，等等。
3.正确运用描写人物的词汇和句型。
4.注意运用正确的时态。描写人物的外貌、性格、兴趣等常用一般现在时，而描写人物的出生、教育背景、经历、事迹常用一般过去时。
探究点1 教材范例提炼
课文范例
1.开头
（1）直接开头法：这是最常见的一种开头方法。一般从人物的出生开始，按照时间先后顺序安排人物的典型事迹。
（2）倒叙开头法：这种方法常用于介绍在世的人物，通常截取最近发生在人物身上的一个典型的镜头进行切入，接着提及人物的过去。
（3）重要事件开头法：先点出人物生平最重要的事迹，或者他身上最显著的特点。接着展开介绍人物，可以继续按照从重要到次要排列介绍人物的其他事迹，也可以按照时间顺序继续展开。
2.正文
（1）直叙法：按照人物生卒年月的顺序，依次列举人物较有代表性的事迹。
（2）倒叙法：采用由近到远的时间顺序，叙述人物的生平。
（3）事迹法：按照事件对人物重要性的大小依次叙述。
3.结尾
（1）直接结束法：以人物的卒年或者距离现在最近的一个事件直接结束文章。
（2）评论结束法：根据上文叙述，加入对人物的看法和评价。
（3）引用：引用其他人对该人物的评价来结束文章。
素材积累
1.He/She was born in 1911.
他/她出生于1911年。
2.He/She was one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century.
他/她是 20 世纪最伟大的科学家之一。
3.He/She studied at a local high school and graduated from Peking University.
他/她曾就读于当地一所高中，毕业于北京大学。
4.He/She is such a learned/strong-willed person that we all admire/respect him/her.
他/她是一个如此博学/意志坚强的人，以至于我们都很敬佩/尊敬他/她。
5.He/She devoted all his/her life to the work.
他/她毕生都致力于工作。
探究点2 写作应用体验
写作典例
请根据以下内容写一篇文章介绍中国科学家钱学森。
1.1911年生于上海，1935 年赴美留学，成绩优异，受到著名科学家冯·卡门（Theodore von Kármán）的赞誉；
2.1939年在美国获航空、数学博士学位;
3.1950年获悉新中国成立的消息，克服了美国政府的百般阻挠，于1955年回到祖国;
4.1958年起长期担任航空航天研究工作，为新中国的航天事业做出巨大的贡献，被誉为“中国航天之父”;
5.2009 年于北京去世。
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分步推进
Step 1 审题谋篇
体裁 记叙文 时态 一般现在时为主
主题 人物介绍 人称 第三人称为主
结构 第一段：钱学森人物介绍； 第二段：评价
Step 2 要点翻译
1.翻译词汇
（1）_________adj. 慷慨的
（2）__________adj.随和的
（3）___________adj.有决心的
（4）________adj.有献身精神的
（5）__________处于麻烦/困难中
（6）______________用……回报……
（7）____________________在……方面的巨大成就
generous
easy-going
determined
devoted
in trouble
reward...with...
great achievements in
2.翻译句子
（1）钱学森1911 年生于上海，他被誉为“中国航天之父”。
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Qian Xuesen,regarded as the father of China's space program,was born in 1911 in Shanghai.
（2）1935年钱学森赴美留学，成绩优异，受到著名科学家冯·卡门的赞誉。
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In 1935,Qian Xuesen went to America for further study and was highly thought of by the famous scientist Theodore von Kármán because of his great achievements.
（3）1950 年，他听说新中国成立了；1955年尽管美国政府试图阻止他，他还是成功
地回到了祖国。
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In 1950,he heard New China had been founded and succeeded in coming back to his homeland in 1955 though the American government tried to stop him.
Step 3 连句成篇
利用以上几个句子，加上恰当的连接词和过渡句，必要时可以改变句式，使之成为一篇连贯的文章。
参考范文
Qian Xuesen, regarded as the father of China's space program,was born in 1911 in Shanghai. In 1935, he went to America for further study and was highly thought of by the famous scientist Theodore von Kármán because of his great achievements. Qian Xuesen obtained his doctor's degree in aerospace science and mathematics in the US in 1939. In 1950,he heard New China had been founded and succeeded in coming back to his homeland in 1955 though the American government tried to stop him. Since 1958 Qian Xuesen had been devoted to aerospace science and contributed a lot to the cause of China's aerospace. In 2009, he passed away in Beijing.
Because of the love for his country and the great achievements,Qian Xuesen has received the respect and admiration from Chinese people.
主题写作
假定你是李华，在“小科学家”发明展示会上，你将展示你最新发明的Language Interpreter。请你根据下面表格中的内容写一篇英语短文，介绍一下自己的发明。
Name Language Interpreter
Size The same size as a cellphone
Usage Translating one language into another
Advantage Useful， convenient
Disadvantage Only translating several languages
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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参考范文
My name is Li Hua. Here is my invention，Language Interpreter. It's the same size as a cellphone. But it is very useful and convenient. If you input the language you want to translate into and then make a short speech，it can translate what you want within 5 to 10 seconds. You can talk with foreigners easily with the help of it. But it can only translate several languages. I'll work hard to improve it. I'm sure it will translate more and more languages in the near future.
美篇导读
《汤姆·索亚历险记》（The Adventures of Tom Sawyer）是一部美国著名的儿童文学作品，出版于1876年，是马克·吐温的著作之一。小说描写的是以汤姆·索亚为首的一群孩子天真烂漫、富有情趣的生活。他们为了摆脱枯燥无味的功课、虚伪的教义和呆板的生活环境，开始了种种冒险经历。
美篇呈现
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer （Excerpt）
Presently a vagrant poodle dog came idling① along，sad at heart，lazy with the summer softness and the quiet，weary② of captivity，sighing for change. He spied the beetle；the drooping tail lifted and wagged. He surveyed the prisoner；walked around it；smelt at it from a safe distance；walked around it again；grew bolder，and took a closer smell；then lifted his lip and made a gingerly snatch③ at it，just missing it；made another，and another；began to enjoy the diversion④；subsided to his stomach with the beetle between his paws，and continued his experiments；grew weary at last，and then indifferent⑤and absent-minded. His head nodded，and little by little his chin descended and touched the enemy，who seized it. There was a sharp yelp，a flirt of the poodle's head，and the beetle fell a couple of yards away，
and lit on its back once more. The neighboring spectators⑥shook with a gentle inward joy，several faces went behind fans and handkerchiefs，and Tom was entirely happy. The dog looked foolish，and probably felt so；but there was resentment⑦ in his heart，too，and a craving for revenge. So he went to the beetle and began a wary⑧ attack on it again；jumping at it from every point of a circle，lighting with his fore-paws within an inch of the creature，making even closer snatches at it with his teeth，and jerking his head till his ears flapped again. But he grew tired once more，after a while；tried to amuse himself with a fly but found no relief；followed an ant around，with his nose close to the floor，and quickly wearied of that；
yawned，sighed，forgot the beetle entirely，and sat down on it. Then there was a wild yelp of agony and the poodle went sailing up the aisle；the yelps continued，
and so did the dog；he crossed the house in front of the altar；he flew down the other aisle；he crossed before the doors；he clamored up the home-stretch；his anguish⑨ grew with his progress，till presently he was but a woolly comet moving in its orbit with the gleam and the speed of light. At last the frantic sufferer sheered from its course，and sprang into its master's lap；he flung it out of the window，and the voice of distress quickly thinned away and died in the distance.
汤姆·索亚历险记（节选）
这时一只游荡的狮子狗懒洋洋地走过来，心情郁闷，在安闲的夏日里显得懒懒散散，它在屋里待腻了，很想出来换换环境。它一眼发现了一只甲虫，垂着的尾巴立即竖起来，晃动着。它审视了一下这个俘虏，围着它转了一圈，远远地闻了闻，又围着它走了一圈，胆子渐渐大了起来，靠近点又闻了闻。它张开嘴，小心翼翼地想把它咬住，可是没咬住。于是它试了一回，又一回，渐渐地觉得这很开心，便把肚子贴着地，用两只脚把甲虫挡在中间，继续捉弄它。最后它终于厌烦了，不在乎了。它的下巴一点一点往下低，刚一碰到它的对手就被它咬住了。狮子狗尖叫一声，猛然摇了一下头，于是甲虫被它摔出了有一两码远，摔得仰面朝天。旁边的观看者心里感到一种轻松的
愉快，笑了起来，有些人用扇子和手绢遮住了脸，汤姆简直高兴死了。那只狗看起来傻乎乎的，也许它自己也觉得如此吧，可是它怀恨在心，决计报复。于是，它又走近甲虫，小心翼翼地开始再向它进攻。它围着它转，一有机会就扑上去，前爪离甲虫还不到一英寸远，又靠上去用牙齿去咬它，弄得它自己头直点，耳朵也上下直扇悠。可是，过了一会儿，它又厌烦了。它本想拿只苍蝇来开开胃，可是仍不能解闷；然后，它鼻子贴着地面，跟着一只蚂蚁走，不久又打了呵欠，叹了口气，把那只甲虫彻底地给忘记了，一屁股坐在甲虫上面。于是，就听到这狗痛苦地尖叫起来，只见它在过道上飞快地跑着。它不停地叫着，不停地跑着，从圣坛前面跑过去，跑到了另一边的过
道上 。它又从大门那儿跑出去，跑到门边上的最后一段跑道，它越往前跑，越是痛得难受，后来简直成了一个毛茸茸的彗星，闪着光亮，以光的速度在它的轨道上运行着。最后这只痛得发疯的狮子狗，越出了跑道，跳到主人的怀里；主人一把抓住它，把它扔到窗户外，痛苦的叫声很快地小下来，最后在远处听不见了。
知识积累
①idle v.虚度；（使）空转
②weary adj.疲倦的；困乏的
③snatch n.抢夺
④diversion n.转向；转移；娱乐
⑤indifferent adj.漠不关心的
⑥spectator n.观众；旁观者
⑦resentment n.怨恨；愤恨
⑧wary adj.警惕的；（对待人或事物时）小心的；谨慎的
⑨anguish n.剧痛；极度痛苦
素养链接
马克·吐温（1835—1910），美国杰出的小说家，十九世纪美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人，一生写了大量的作品。他以幽默和讽刺的笔调生动描绘了十九世纪末美国的社会图景与风土人情。其代表作有《竞选州长》《百万英镑》《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》《汤姆·索亚历险记》等。
