2023届高三英语二轮复习完形填空之利用态度一致原则和生活常识解题 讲义
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| 名称 | 2023届高三英语二轮复习完形填空之利用态度一致原则和生活常识解题 讲义 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-04-19 09:09:53 | ||
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完形填空之利用态度一致原则和生活常识解题
01 利用态度一致原则解题
在做完形填空题时，考生一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和情感色彩的重要词汇。作者在选择使用特定的褒义词或贬义词时就表达了自己的感情和意愿。考生做题时要抓住这个线索， 根据态度一致原则，进行合理推测，从而快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
【典例1】 (2022·全国甲卷)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years，I enjoyed living with my dogs，Tilly and Chance.Their __41__ was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay.
41.A.ownership B.membership
C.companionship D.leadership
【分析】 根据enjoyed living with my dogs可知，作者喜欢和两只宠物狗一起生活，两只狗的陪伴能让作者避免孤单。
自主解答：C
【典例2】 (2021·全国乙卷)
Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations.I was considering this while working as a 41.nurse just a few weeks ago.And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different 42.grades of gratitude (感谢).
...
She was __49__ for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her.
49.A.grateful B.thoughtful
C.sorrowful D.fearful
【分析】 依据第一段最后一句中的“gratitude(感谢)”和下文中她的行为可推知答案。
自主解答：A
【典例3】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Dad __53__.The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood 54.delivering food in Bernardsville, New Jersey.This was the sort of work that made you 55.appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
53.A.cried B.smiled
C.hesitated D.refused
【分析】 根据下文的内容可知， 父亲告诉作者， 这份工作能让作者珍惜自己赚的钱并尊重做这种工作的人， 显然， 父亲对于这件事是满意的。
自主解答：B
02 利用生活常识解题
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的生活常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以运用，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地作出正确判断。
【典例1】 (2022·全国乙卷)
However，we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42.bad at hiding.They often cover only their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies __43__.
43.A.exposed B.examined
C.untouched D.imbalanced
【分析】 由生活常识及“They often cover only their eyes with their hands”可推断，小朋友在捉迷藏时只用手盖住他们自己的眼睛，身体其他部分还都暴露在外，没有藏好。
自主解答：A
【典例2】 (2021·全国乙卷)
One afternoon, while 45.attempting to get into bed she collapsed (倒下) from what was 46.eventually discovered to be a heart attack.The collapse was disastrous, __47__ the emergency medical team and good teamwork.
47.A.assessing B.requiring
C.forming D.proving
【分析】 由空前句句意可知，病人跌倒需要救治。
自主解答：B
(2022·山东师范大学附属中学模拟)
Miller’s video has received over 25，000 views and lots of__29__ comments. One wrote：“Teachers are 30.angels on earth in human form.”
In an 31.interview with WMTV Miller said he 32.normally starts off every school year with a song. This year, however, he had to be more creative. The teacher said he’s been 33.overwhelmed by the positive responses he’s gotten. “Really the 34.attention we are getting this year is completely beyond 35.expectation，” he said. “I have gotten messages from Arizona to India. Apparently, Friends is a very popular show.”
29.A.objective B.indifferent
C.casual D.supportive
答案 D [本题可利用态度一致原则解题。根据下文“positive responses”可知，此处表示Miller得到了支持的评论。]
(2022·重庆名校联盟第一次联考)
“My 33.advice for young people is to believe that you can do anything you set your mind to do.If you want to travel，you have to 34.make sacrifices to travel around the world.And it’s only a matter of __35__ until you can make it a reality.”
35.A.honor B.career
C.time D.assessment
答案 C [本题可利用生活常识解题。结合句意以及常识可知，it指代上文的“环游世界”，所以完成环游世界的目标只是一个时间问题。]
Then I had a job change and needed to sell the house before moving away. But it was almost __27__ to find a buyer if there was a broken window. So I pulled off the boards to face this thing head－on. I grabbed some rust remover, 28.spread it around the frame of the window, and gave it a pull. To my astonishment, it easily 29.moved. I took the window downtown. It only cost me $12. I could have 30.__addressed the problem for only $12 when it occurred, but I let it bother me for five years!
27.A.shameful B.impossible
C.pointless D.unfair
答案 B [本题可利用生活常识解题。根据上文“Then I had a job change and needed to sell the house before moving away.”可知，由于工作改变，作者需要卖房。根据生活常识，如果窗户破着，找到买主是不可能的。]
(2022·泰安模拟)
Then she would always 28.dig deep in her pockets and 29.pull__out a treasure，a shiny quarter(25美分硬币). I would 30.run with it to buy either an ice cold can of coke or a warm cup of cherry coke for 15 cents and a tiny 10－cent bag of chips. I took my 31.time because it was always a big decision. It was nice to feel so __32__ for a few minutes.
32.A.hungry B.rich
C.lucky D.brave
答案 B [本题可利用态度一致原则解题。根据第29空后a treasure，a shiny quarter等词的描述，25美分在孩子眼里是一大笔钱，买东西吃时应该是觉得自己很富有的感觉，故选B项。]
01 利用态度一致原则解题
在做完形填空题时，考生一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和情感色彩的重要词汇。作者在选择使用特定的褒义词或贬义词时就表达了自己的感情和意愿。考生做题时要抓住这个线索， 根据态度一致原则，进行合理推测，从而快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
【典例1】 (2022·全国甲卷)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years，I enjoyed living with my dogs，Tilly and Chance.Their __41__ was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay.
41.A.ownership B.membership
C.companionship D.leadership
【分析】 根据enjoyed living with my dogs可知，作者喜欢和两只宠物狗一起生活，两只狗的陪伴能让作者避免孤单。
自主解答：C
【典例2】 (2021·全国乙卷)
Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations.I was considering this while working as a 41.nurse just a few weeks ago.And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different 42.grades of gratitude (感谢).
...
She was __49__ for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her.
49.A.grateful B.thoughtful
C.sorrowful D.fearful
【分析】 依据第一段最后一句中的“gratitude(感谢)”和下文中她的行为可推知答案。
自主解答：A
【典例3】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Dad __53__.The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood 54.delivering food in Bernardsville, New Jersey.This was the sort of work that made you 55.appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
53.A.cried B.smiled
C.hesitated D.refused
【分析】 根据下文的内容可知， 父亲告诉作者， 这份工作能让作者珍惜自己赚的钱并尊重做这种工作的人， 显然， 父亲对于这件事是满意的。
自主解答：B
02 利用生活常识解题
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的生活常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以运用，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地作出正确判断。
【典例1】 (2022·全国乙卷)
However，we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42.bad at hiding.They often cover only their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies __43__.
43.A.exposed B.examined
C.untouched D.imbalanced
【分析】 由生活常识及“They often cover only their eyes with their hands”可推断，小朋友在捉迷藏时只用手盖住他们自己的眼睛，身体其他部分还都暴露在外，没有藏好。
自主解答：A
【典例2】 (2021·全国乙卷)
One afternoon, while 45.attempting to get into bed she collapsed (倒下) from what was 46.eventually discovered to be a heart attack.The collapse was disastrous, __47__ the emergency medical team and good teamwork.
47.A.assessing B.requiring
C.forming D.proving
【分析】 由空前句句意可知，病人跌倒需要救治。
自主解答：B
(2022·山东师范大学附属中学模拟)
Miller’s video has received over 25，000 views and lots of__29__ comments. One wrote：“Teachers are 30.angels on earth in human form.”
In an 31.interview with WMTV Miller said he 32.normally starts off every school year with a song. This year, however, he had to be more creative. The teacher said he’s been 33.overwhelmed by the positive responses he’s gotten. “Really the 34.attention we are getting this year is completely beyond 35.expectation，” he said. “I have gotten messages from Arizona to India. Apparently, Friends is a very popular show.”
29.A.objective B.indifferent
C.casual D.supportive
答案 D [本题可利用态度一致原则解题。根据下文“positive responses”可知，此处表示Miller得到了支持的评论。]
(2022·重庆名校联盟第一次联考)
“My 33.advice for young people is to believe that you can do anything you set your mind to do.If you want to travel，you have to 34.make sacrifices to travel around the world.And it’s only a matter of __35__ until you can make it a reality.”
35.A.honor B.career
C.time D.assessment
答案 C [本题可利用生活常识解题。结合句意以及常识可知，it指代上文的“环游世界”，所以完成环游世界的目标只是一个时间问题。]
Then I had a job change and needed to sell the house before moving away. But it was almost __27__ to find a buyer if there was a broken window. So I pulled off the boards to face this thing head－on. I grabbed some rust remover, 28.spread it around the frame of the window, and gave it a pull. To my astonishment, it easily 29.moved. I took the window downtown. It only cost me $12. I could have 30.__addressed the problem for only $12 when it occurred, but I let it bother me for five years!
27.A.shameful B.impossible
C.pointless D.unfair
答案 B [本题可利用生活常识解题。根据上文“Then I had a job change and needed to sell the house before moving away.”可知，由于工作改变，作者需要卖房。根据生活常识，如果窗户破着，找到买主是不可能的。]
(2022·泰安模拟)
Then she would always 28.dig deep in her pockets and 29.pull__out a treasure，a shiny quarter(25美分硬币). I would 30.run with it to buy either an ice cold can of coke or a warm cup of cherry coke for 15 cents and a tiny 10－cent bag of chips. I took my 31.time because it was always a big decision. It was nice to feel so __32__ for a few minutes.
32.A.hungry B.rich
C.lucky D.brave
答案 B [本题可利用态度一致原则解题。根据第29空后a treasure，a shiny quarter等词的描述，25美分在孩子眼里是一大笔钱，买东西吃时应该是觉得自己很富有的感觉，故选B项。]