(共18张PPT)
长难句突破
学习目标
学会“化简”长难句,找到句子的主干(主句)
1. 回顾句子的基本类型
2. 了解长难句的常见形式(它怎么就成长难句了?)
3. 学习“化简”长难句的一般步骤与方法
4. 学会“化简”长难句,找到句子的主干(主句)→迅速抓住文本主要信息,帮助阅读理解
回顾:简单句、并列句、复合句的基本概念
主谓
主谓宾
主谓宾1宾2
主谓宾宾补
主系表
Maybe I will fall in love with stinky tofu-someday.
The race began.
Mom encouraged me to try different kinds of food.
We eventually gave it a name: Little Friend.
The flowers smell sweet and nice.
1. 五种简单句
回顾:简单句、并列句、复合句的基本概念
由并列连词连接的简单句(两个谓语由并列连词连接如and, but, or等,共用一个谓语)
I gathered all my courage to take a bite and was amazed to find it wasn’t so bad.
1. 五种简单句
由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
I suspect it, but I didn’t question him too much about it.
回顾:简单句、并列句、复合句的基本概念
2. 并列句
含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。
Zhao Chuang is a science artist working in Beijing, whose job bridges science and art by painting and sculpturing ancient extinct species.
回顾:简单句、并列句、复合句的基本概念
3. 复合句
句子分类
简单句
并列句
复合句
并列复合句
主干
并列连词
从属连词
并列连词+
从属连词
As this year draws to a close, I still remember the fear I felt on a bright Saturday morning in late September, at a five-kilometer race in Clarkston, Georgia, as I waited for my 11-year-old son at the finish line.
长难句长、难在哪里?
西城一模B篇
随着今年的临近,我仍然记得9月底一个晴朗的周六早上,在佐治亚州克拉克斯顿的一场五公里比赛中,当我在终点线等待11岁的儿子时,我感到的恐惧。
长难句长、难在哪里?
New research indicates that individuals raised in cities with structured street patterns may encounter difficulties in navigation compared to those from rural areas with more organic layouts.
New research indicates【that】 individuals may encounter difficulties...
新的研究表明,与那些来自布局更有机的农村地区的人相比,在街道格局结构化的城市长大的人可能会遇到导航困难。
西城一模语篇填空
长难句长、难在哪里?
1. As this year draws to a close, I still remember the fear I felt on a bright Saturday morning in late September, at a five-kilometer race in Clarkston, Georgia, as I waited for my 11-year-old son at the finish line.
2. New research indicates that individuals raised in cities with structured street patterns may encounter difficulties in navigation compared to those from rural areas with more organic layouts.
1. 中心词加了修饰语
2. 简单句加了非谓语
3. 含有从句的复合句(四大从句)
4. 同位语、插入语的使用
英语插入语是指“插在句子中的词语或句子”,可以是词、词组、从句、句子,从句子中拿掉也不影响句子的语法正确。实际使用经常用括号、破折号、逗号等隔开。
1. This man, as you know, is good for nothing.
2. I ‘ve had great conversations about this issue, including with some experts, on why it is important to consider a range of positions.
长难句长、难在哪里?
怎么办?
找到主干,挑出修饰、限定成分
西城一模B篇
When I didn't see him at the 35-minute mark, I began to wonder what had gone wrong.
It stayed so long that we eventually gave it a name: Little Friend.
We walked back to the car, smiling, and found some bushes in the parking lot that seemed like a good place for my son to drop off Little Friend.
找连词(and, but, because...);
括从句(找从句连接词、保证从句里只有一套主谓);
划掉介词短语(介词+名词)、非谓语(doing/to do/done)、插入语(两个逗号之间的词、句);
剩下的基本就是句子的主干。
练习
1. One example that illustrates how philosophy and humanities experts can help guide these new, rapidly growing technologies is Selinger's work collaborating with a special AI project.
一个说明了哲学和人文学科专家如何帮助指导这些快速发展的新技术的例子就是Selinger与一个特殊的人工智能项目合作的工作。
一个例子(说明了如何哲学和人文科学专家帮助指导这些快速发展的新科技)是Selinger的工作(与一个特殊人工智能项目合作的)
练习
2. Another group led by Maria Curotto de Lafaille, an immunologist at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City, also found that similar cells were more.
由纽约市西奈山伊坎医学院的免疫学家Maria Curotto de Lafaille领导的另一个小组也发现,类似的细胞更多。
另一个小组也发现(由纽约市西奈山伊坎医学院的免疫学家Maria Curotto de Lafaille领导的)类似的细胞更多。
练习
3. Taking these preventative steps and regularly reassessing what risks need addressing is part of the ongoing journey in pursuit of creating responsible AI.
采取这些预防措施并定期重新评估需要解决的风险是创建负责任人工智能的持续旅程的一部分。
采取这些预防措施并定期重新评估(什么风险需要解决)是这段持续旅程的一部份(在追求创建负责任的AI过程中)。
练习
4. Some of Selinger's recent research has focused on the back-end issues with developing AI, such as the human impact that comes with testing AI chatbots before they're released to the public.
Selinger最近的一些研究集中在开发人工智能的后端问题上,例如在人工智能聊天机器人向公众发布之前对其进行测试所带来的人类影响。
Selinger最近的一些研究集中在后端问题上(开发人工智能的),例如人类的影响(随着测试AI聊天机器人而来的)(在他们向公众发布之前)
练习
5. Using a technique called RNA sequencing, the team identified specific memory B cells, which they named MBC2s, that make antibodies and proteins associated with the immune response that causes allergies.
使用一种名为RNA测序的技术,该团队鉴定了特定的记忆B细胞,他们将其命名为MBC2,这些细胞可以产生与引起过敏的免疫反应相关的抗体和蛋白质。
使用一种名为RNA测序的技术,该团队鉴定了特定的记忆B细胞,(他们将其命名为MBC2),这些细胞产生抗体和蛋白质(和免疫反应相关的→引起过敏反应的)
无论使用什么方法,理解句子和文章都是必须建立在一定词汇量、明白意思的基础上的。老师能够很快抓到句子主干是因为我们遇到的再长难的句子,老师也只有个别单词不认识,整个句子理解起来是没问题的。因此,请大家在接下来的时间继续重视词汇、短语、固定搭配的积累与其在句子、文章中的灵活翻译,并结合今天学到的方法,帮助自己的英语再迈上一个台阶!
勤背+多练+有信心!