人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction 语法被动语态课件(共41张PPT)

(共41张PPT)
被动语态
时态语态结构
01
被动语态用法
02
被动语态常考点
03
04
目录
即时练习
PART-ONE
时态语态结构
时态语态
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 do/does
一般过去时 did
一般将来时 will do
过去将来时 would do
现在完成时 have/has done
过去完成时 had done
现在进行时 am/is/are doing
过去进行时 was/were doing
am/is/are done
was/were done
will be done
would be done
have/has been done
had been done
am/is/are being done
was/ were being done
学以致用
1. A new cinema ______ here. They hope to finish it next month.
A. will be built B. is built
C. has been built D. is being built
2. —Why did you leave that position
—I ______ a better position at IBM.
A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered
3. More than a dozen students in that school ______ abroad to study medicine last year.
A. sent B. were sent
C. had sent D. had been sent
学以致用
4. The moment the 28th Olympic Games ______ open, the whole world cheered.
A. declared B. were declared
C. have declared D. have been declared
5. John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it ______ seriously.
A. damaged B. was being damaged
C. had damaged D. had been damaged
PART-TWO
被动语态的用法
被动语态用法
1) 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁(这时都不带由by引导的短语)。
The book is written for teachers.
这种书是为教师写的。
2) 动作的承受者是谈话的中心(这时可带由by引导的短语)。
The shop is run by a young man.
这家商店是由一个年轻人经营的。
被动语态用法
3) 出于礼貌措辞等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。
It is generally considered not advisable to smoke here.
一般认为在这儿吸烟是不妥当的。
4) 被动结构能使句子结构安排更好。
Liu Dehua appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.
刘德华在台上出现，观众给予了热烈的掌声。
PART-THREE
被动语态常考点
被动语态常考点
1) 短语介词或副词切记不可遗漏。
These books must be taken good care of.
The children were well looked after.
例. Good care must ______ babies particularly while they are ill.
A. take B. take of
C. be taken D. be taken of
答案 D。
take care of babies care be taken of babies
句子主语为care，谓语动词必须用被动语态，所以答案为D。
被动语态用法
2）可带双宾语的动词的被动，如give, send, take, bring, teach, tell, offer, sing, buy, promise, make, write, ask, lend, show, pay
We gave him some picture-books.
→He was given some picture-books.
→Some picture-books were given to him.
被动语态常考点
3) 动词主动表被动：
系动词：feel, look, sound, smell, taste, prove, turn out to be等+ 形容词/名词.
Ice feels cold.
The news proves to be/ turns out to be true.
表示主语属性的词： sell, wash, read, wear, write, clean, shut, start, open等，不单独使用，常加修饰语well, easily, smoothly等.
The cloth washes/sells easily. 这布很耐洗/很畅销。
The poem reads smoothly. 这首诗读起来很顺畅。
The material has worn thin. 磨薄了。
This oven cleans easily. 这烤箱容易擦洗。
The door won’t shut and the car won’t start. 门关不上，车发动不了。
The library doesn’t open on Sundays. 图书馆星期天不开门。
被动语态常考点
例．Come and sit down by the fire. Your hand ______ .
A．feels so cold
B．is felt so coldly
C．feels so coldly
D．feel so cold
答案 A。 feel（摸起来有……的感觉）seem, sound, look 等作为系动词使用，系表结构没有被动语态。
被动语态常考点
4) 在描写属性的形容词后，句子主语是不定式逻辑上的宾语，因此往往认为形容词后省略了for somebody, 不定式用主动形式。常见形容词有：hard, difficult, easy, heavy, fit, good, comfortable, convenient, impossible等。
The problem is easy to do.
The question is difficult to answer.
The box is heavy to carry.
The project is impossible to complete in a year.
比较：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.
注意：
没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。
被动语态常考点
5) 使役动词(make/let/have)和感官动词(see, watch…)带有复合宾语，变为被动语态时，需要还原在主动语态中省略了的不定式符号to。
I hear the girl sing English songs.
→ The girl is heard to sing English songs.
被动语态常考点
例：The workers were made ________ ten hours a day.
A. work B. to work
C. working D. worked
总结：
主动语态 → make/let/have/see/hear sb do sth
被动语态→ sb be made/let/had/seen/heard to do sth
被动语态常考点
6） want, need, require, deserve 和be worth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式doing表示被动意义。
The table wants cleaning.
The children needs looking after.
The coat requires mending.
He deserves punishing for what he did.
The book is worth reading.
被动语态常考点
7）非谓语动词的被动语态
The building to be built is a new cinema.
The car being repaired is mine.
例. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ______ could be heard outside the classroom.
opened and closed B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed D. to open and close
被动语态常考点
7）有一类接宾语从句的动词，如say, expect, report, think, believe, suppose, consider, know等，其被动语态可以有两种变法。
被动语态常考点
People say that he is an agricultural scientist.
→It is said that he is an agricultural scientist.
→He is said to be an agricultural scientist.
We expect that our team will win the game.
→It is expected that our team will win the game.
→Our team is expected to win the game.
PART-FIVE
即时练习
即时练习
1 What is done cannot _____________. (undo)
2 Janet ______________ chairwoman of the student union last month. (elect)
3 Two hundred grammes of flour should ___________ to the cake mix. (add)
4 A 3,000-seat venue ______________ for the circus performance in November. (build)
be undone
was elected
be added
will be built
即时练习
5 Working efficiency ______________________since this new software was adopted. (improve)
6 Only one piece of carry-on luggage ____________ for each economy class passenger. (allow)
7 It is a great honour for me to ____________ to address this international AI conference. (invite)
8 When I entered the room, I found that the salesman's salary ________________________at the meeting. (discuss)
9 With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance Examination. He is expected to ______________to a top university. (admit)
has been improved
is allowed
be invited
was being discussed
be admitted
即时练习
1. The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _________ (build) originally to protect the city during the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored.
(2021 年全国甲卷)
2. The little home ____________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it.
(2021年6月浙江卷)
was built
was painted
即时练习
Science fiction _____________ by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and ____________________. The Three-Body Problem, _________ by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those astonishing predictions about the future.
Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box.
explore translate discover regard represent
set up recruit write get caught up connect
is regarded
explored
written
即时练习
The work was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008. When the first volume _________________ into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu, it attracted attention around the world, becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel. The book ___________________ many themes such as space exploration, alien contact, AI, and the future of humans.
was translated
represents
即时练习
The Three-Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people, Ye Wenjie and Wang Miao. Ye _____________ to join a secret project in a remote area of China, which _____________ to contact alien life forms. In the other story, set 20 years later, Wang Miao ______________ in a popular online game called "Three Body", in which people live on an unknown planet with three suns. But Wang discovers it is more than a game — it uncovers a great danger threatening human existence.
is recruited
has been set up
gets caught up
即时练习
How are these two people's stories ____________ And how will their behaviour change Earth's future and the civilisations of other planets Answers to all these questions are waiting to ________________ when you go on reading.
connected
be discovered
即时练习
8. The things talked about in this report ______ over a year ago.
A. had taken place
B. took place
C. have taken place
D. were taken place
答案B。take place, occur, happen发生，均为不及物动词词组，没有被动语态。
即时练习
11.【2011天津卷】In the last few years thousands of films____ all over the world.
A. have produced B. have been produced
C. are producing D. are being produced
【答案】B
【解析】句意为“在过去的几年时间里，全世界制作了成千上万部电影。”in the last few years在过去的几年时间里，其实是从过去算到现在，是现在完成时的标志。选B。
即时练习
12.【2011上海春招】A lot of people often forget that oral exams__________ to test our communicative ability.
A. design B. are designed
C. are designing D. are being designed
【答案】B
【解析】句意为“很多人经常忘记设计口语测试是用来检测我们的交际能力的。”一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态时，常与often, always, usually, sometimes, every day等时间状语连用。oral exams与design的关系存在着被动，故选B。
被动语态用法
13.【2011四川卷】All visitors to this village _______ with kindness.
A. treat B. are treated
C. are treating D. had been treated
【答案】B
【解析】句意为“所有到这个村子的来访者都会受到善意的接待。”表示经常性或习惯性的动作，用一般现在时。来访者与招待存在着被动关系。由于没有交代过去时间，had been treated过去的过去不能用。因此选B。
即时练习
14.【2011湖南卷】In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _______ by scientists.
are making B. are made
C. will make D. will be made
【答案】D
【解析】句意为“在不久的将来，科学家将会在机器人技术上取得更大的进展。”in the near future表明了将来的时间，more advances与 make主谓关系上存在着被动，故选D。
即时练习
15. I need one more stamp before my collection______.
A. has completed B. completes
C. has been completed D. is completed
解析：选D。complete是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的C、D中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为D。
即时练习
16. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ______ yet.
hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided
C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided
A。本题考查动词的时态与语态。句意为：詹姆斯教授要给我们作关于西方文化的讲座，但时间和地点还没决定。由yet可看出用完成时，又因时间与地点是被决定的，故应用被动语态。
即时练习
17. I got caught in the rain and my suit ______.
A. has ruined B. had ruined
C. has been ruined D. had been ruined
C。ruin表示的动作发生在got caught之后，故排除B、D两项。此处表示被动，所以C项正确。
即时练习
18. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there ______ for a space flight.
A. training B. being trained
C. to have trained D. to be trained
D。本题考查非谓语动词。作目的状语时用不定式，而不用分词，可首先排除A、B两项；另外，he承受train这一动作，应用被动语态，故D项正确。
即时练习
Not until the beginning of this century did modern schools come into existence.
时态语态翻译练习
1．他总是尽全力完成布置给他的任务。(strive)
2．直到本世纪初才开始有现代形式的学校。(come into existence)
He is always striving to complete the tasks assigned to him.
即时练习
4. 使外宾感到十分惊讶的是，上海在最近十年发生了巨大的变化。(surprise)
3. 在许多商店，价格在50到100元之间的商品很好卖。(range)
In many stores, goods ranging from 50 to 100 yuan in price sell well.
To the surprise of the foreign guests, great changes have taken place in Shanghai in the last ten years.
即时练习
A large sum of money has already been raised for the relief of the victims in the earthquake-stricken area in the past few days.
6. 几天来，已经为救助地震灾区的灾民募捐到一大笔钱。(raise)
5. 这位科学家70岁时因发现了那个新化学元素而受到嘉奖。(reward)
The scientist was rewarded for discovering the new chemical element at the age of 70.
Thanks!