中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题02 阅读理解——细节理解题
阅读理解部分中的细节理解题，旨在考查学生对文章细节处的理解及运用。
细节理解题通常针对文中的某个句子，从人物动作、思想感情、观点、事件的起因、发展、过程和结果等方面来命题，并且通常题的顺序和文章的段落顺序是匹配的，考生可以根据这一点准确定位，寻找答案。
分析2018-2022年近五年深圳中考阅读理解题型考向分布。
年份 体裁 题目类型考察频次
细节理解 推理判断 词句猜测 主旨大意
2018年 说明文 记叙文 记叙文 说明文 13 2 2 2
2019年 说明文 记叙文·夹叙夹议文 说明文 11 5 1 3
2020年 说明文 记叙文·夹叙夹议文 说明文 8 7 2 3
2021年 记叙文 记叙文 说明文 7 6 1 1
2022年 说明文 记叙文 说明文 7 6 1 1
一、类别
1.直接信息题：
数据处理题、同义转换题
2、间接信息题：
是非题、排序题
二、解题方法：寻读法
三、解题步骤：1.阅读题干，抓关键词
2.定位原文
3.分析选项
1.题型特点
这类题在阅读理解中所占比例较大。它常常针对文章中的事实和细节进行提问,用when,where,why,how,who,which,what等进行提问,目的在于测试学生对说明文章中心思想的支撑事实和细节的理解能力。
2.细节理解题主要的设问方式
①Which of the following is true/not true
②Which of the following is mentioned/not mentioned in the passage
③Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.
④Which of the following best describes...
⑤Which of the following shows/gives the right relationship/position of...
⑥When/Where/Why/Who/What/How...
3.细节理解题的解题技巧
所谓“事实细节”,是指在阅读理解的短文中客观存在的事实。细节理解题的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。一般来说,应在短文中找出相关信息的位置,确定试题测试的考点。当然,有的试题还得对原文所提供的事实进行一定的分析比较,才能做出正确的选择。
(1)查读法(scanning)
查读是在读者对材料有所了解的情况下进行的。查读的特点是带着问题寻找答案。
①用略读的方法通读阅读材料,对原文有一个大概的了解,掌握其主旨。
②按文章的体裁,如按记叙文、说明文和议论文等及作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词,如for example,first,second等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。
③把主要精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读,眼睛自左至右,自上而下呈Z形扫视,直至找到你所需要的部分。待找到你所需要的部分时,可放慢速度,细读要查找的内容。
(2)原文定位法
根据题干中的关键词,找准相关句、段的内容,再仔细对照,不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除,反之,则是正确选项。
①是非判断题。这类题的选项有两种形式:四项中有三对一错或三错一对。四项内容通常是对同一问题进行判断或对不同问题进行判断。不管什么形式、什么内容,通常都用原文定位法,把选项内容与原文内容进行对比分析,判断是否符合相关句的意义或在原文中提到过,然后进行排除解答。
②关于对年代和数字的考查通常分两类:直接考查和计算考查。对前者,根据文中信息能很容易地确定答案;对后者,首先要弄清题干问的是什么,然后找到与它相关的年代和数字,对它们进一步分析、整合,最后,结合题干计算出正确答案。
③对于最后一种常见题型,有两种考查形式:考查直接信息和对直接信息的理解。对直接信息的考查只需找到原文信息就能解决问题。后者则需对原文相关信息做正确理解,这个理解可能牵扯到对某一句话或某些句子的理解,考生在理解其意义时,一定要捕捉到关键性的词。对这类题要认真、周全地考虑方能选取正确答案。这种题的正确选项往往是原文意义的不同表现形式。
(3)首尾定位法
做排序题可采用“首尾定位法”。即先找出最先发生的事和最后发生的事,迅速缩小选择范围,从而快速选出正确答案。
(4)排除法
利用排除法时,考生要注意的是有时在两个难以抉择的选项之间一定要通过文章的整体意思来作出判断。
(5)按“文”索“图”法
做选图题时,可采用按“文”索“图”法。即从文中找出描绘图形的句段,按“文”索“图”。
解题步骤：
拓展：
题眼通常为：
名词：人名、地名、书名、专有名词和普通名词；
数词（短语）：时间、日期
谓语动词
做题小技巧：
1.若针对特殊标点符号,举例子,名人名言出题,只需要阅读符号，例子,名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。
2.在出现一些关键词，如however、but、moreover、therefore、 thus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。
3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项
4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：must, never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no, completely, none,等。但不是绝对，也有例外。
5.注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如： must, may, often, should, usually, might, most, more or less, likely, all, never，few 等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。
6.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提及.
【真题在线】
2018年深圳市中考真题
A
When you go on a vacation, the hotel you choose and the room you stay in are important. There are many cool theme（主题）hotel rooms around the world. Here are some of them.
The Harry Potter Room The George Castle Hotel in England gives its guests the experience of staying in Harry Potter's world. This 19th-century castle hotel is beside Harry Potter tour bus stop. The bus will take you to the Making Of Harry Potter studio tour. Ice Theme Room An ice theme can be found at Hotel de Glace in Canada. In winter, you can get a fireplace and a private spa in the rooms. The ice hotel has new rooms each year. This winter, it will build a room with the theme of Disney's movie Frozen.
Pirate（海盗）Theme Room If you want a more attractive theme room, the Adventure Island Hotel in America is the best choice. In their pirate theme rooms, you'll feel like you're on a pirate ship in a world of sea adventures. Night at the Movies Room At the Wensley Hotel in Australia, guests are crazy about the Night at the Movies Room. There they can see different things of Hollywood, such as Hollywood signs over the door, and hand-painted actors' pictures above the bed.
（1）What can guests do during their stay at the George Castle Hotel
A．Visit a movie studio. B．Have a private spa.
C．Enjoy a movie night. D．Play an adventure game.
细节理解。根据题干中的the George Castle Hotel可知答案在The Harry Potter Room，由第二段的The bus will take you to the Making Of Harry Potter studio tour可知 ，公交车可以带你去制作《哈利波特》的工作室旅行，故答案为A。
（2）Who is most likely to choose the Adventure Island Hotel
A．Kids who love Disneyland. B．Kids who love pirate stories.
C．Adults who love castle tours. D．Adults who love watching movies.
细节理解。题干中的 Adventure Island Hotel定位在Pirate（海盗）Theme Room中，所以喜欢海盗故事的孩子们可以选择“冒险岛酒店”，故答案为B。
（3）What is the possible choice for a super fan of Hollywood movies
A．The Wensley Hotel. B．Hotel de Glace.
C．The George Castle Hotel. D．The Adventure Island Hotel.
细节理解。题干中的Hollywood movies出现在最后一个酒店Night at the Movies Room，第一段中的At the Wensley Hotel in Australia就是本题答案，故答案为A。
B
Last summer, Mac Hollan, a primary school teacher, was cycling to Alaska with two friends. On the way, his friends had to stop for a bicycle repair, but they encouraged Mac to ride on, and they would catch up with him soon.
Mac began to cycle alone. A few minutes later, Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him. "Man, that's a big dog!" he thought. But when he looked to the side, he saw immediately that it wasn't a dog at all, but a wolf, quickly catching up with him.
Mac's heart jumped. He searched and took out his can of bear spray（防熊喷雾）. With one hand on the bars, he fired the spray at the wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal. To Mac's relief（宽慰）, it fell back, shaking its head. A minute later, however, it was again by his side. It even attacked the back of Mac's bike, tearing open his tent bag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back, only to quickly restart the chase（追赶）.
Mac was riding hard now. He waved and shouted at passing cars without slowing down.
At that moment, Paul and Becky were driving their car on their way to Alaska. They found a dog-like animal running alongside a man on a bike. As they got closer, they realized that the "dog" was a wolf. Mac heard a large car behind him. He kept waving and shouting as the wolf was catching up closer. And the car did stop in front of him at the right time.
（1）Why was Mac riding alone
A．He wanted to try his bear spray.
B．He liked riding alone all the way.
C．His friends were repairing the bike.
D．His friends returned for their tents.
细节理解。将题干Mac riding alone定位在第二段开头Mac began to cycle alone，但是原因在第一段中On the way, his friends had to stop for a bicycle repair, but they encouraged Mac to ride on，可知，Mac的朋友停下来修自行车，让他自己一个人先行，故答案为C。（2）How did Mac feel when he realized a wolf was after him
A．Calm. B．Frightened. C．Excited. D．Painful.
细节理解。calm冷静的；frightened害怕的；excited兴奋的；painful痛苦的。根据第三段开头Mac's heart jumped. He searched and took out his can of bear spray可知，Mac心跳的很厉害，说明他害怕，故答案为B。
（4）How did Mac ask for help in the end
A．By cycling hard. B．By firing the spray.
C．By waving and shouting. D．By running after the car.
细节理解。由题干中的in the end可知在最后一段，根据He kept waving and shouting as the wolf was catching up closer可知，当狼追近的时候，他拼命的挥舞着，喊着，故答案为C。
C
The 14th Chinese Language Competition attracted about 1,100 children from kindergarten kids to high school students. The children from different languages and cultural backgrounds met in San Francisco and competed in events like Chinese Calligraphy（书法）, drawing and Chinese poetry recital（背诵）.
Thomson, an 11th-grade boy from Justin-Siena High School in Napa city of California, has studied Chinese language for three years. It was hard for him to learn Chinese at the beginning, because it was one of the most difficult languages in the world. However, the writing of Chinese characters is a form of art, which made him feel different. "It's amazing to see how attractive Chinese culture is." he said.
Julie, a 12th-grade girl shared her similar experience of learning Chinese for four years. When recalling her trip in Beijing and Shanghai, she expressed huge interest in shared bikes. "The shared bike is known as one of the new 'Great Inventions' of China, along with China's Express Railway and Alipay online payment system. They amaze the whole world as part of China's rapid rise."
According to the hosting organization, the Confucius Institute at San Francisco State University, the competition was mainly for American and overseas Chinese kids. It aimed to set a platform to present （展示）their Chinese language and culture talents. It also helped to deepen the understanding of young Americans about the Chinese culture and history.
（1）Where was the 14th Chinese Language Competition held
A．In Beijing. B．In Shanghai.
C．In Napa city. D．In San Francisco.
细节理解。题干中的the 14th Chinese Language Competition定位在第一段，根据The children from different languages and cultural backgrounds met in San Francisco 可知第十四届汉语竞赛在旧金山举行，故答案为D。
（2）What is among the new "Great Inventions" of China according to the passage
A．Railway. B．Paper making.
C．The shared bike. D．Chinese calligraphy.
细节理解。将new "Great Inventions" 定位在第三段，根据The shared bike is known as one of the new 'Great Inventions' of China, along with China's Express Railway and Alipay online payment system可知共享单车、高铁和支付宝被认为是中国的新的伟大的发明，故答案为C。
（3）Which statement is TRUE about the competition
A．All college students took part in it.
B．It was not only for overseas Chinese kids.
C．It was hosted by Justin-Siena High School.
D．Students competed in different languages.
细节理解。根据第一段的children from kindergarten kids to high school students可知参加者从幼儿园的孩子们到高中生，所以A错误；根据最后一段the competition was mainly for American and overseas Chinese kids可知比赛为美国的和海外的中国孩子们而开设的，和最后一句 It also helped to deepen the understanding of young Americans about the Chinese culture and history，所以B正确；根据最后一段第一句According to the hosting organization, the Confucius Institute at San Francisco State University可知比赛的主办方是旧金山州立大学孔子学院；选项D通过推理可知汉语语言竞赛当然要用汉语，所以错误。
D
Shenzhen, Jan 1st, 2018—Shenzhen has become the world's first city to make all its public buses, about 16,359, run on electricity. A total of 12,518 taxis, or 62.5 percent of all the taxis in the city are electric ones. "We will replace（替换）the rest of the taxis with electric ones by 2020." said Mr. Chen from the government.
"I have been a driver for twenty years," said Mr. Zhang, a driver who started to drive e-buses a month ago. "We had several rounds of training and passed strict exams before we were allowed to drive the e-buses."
The city has built 8,000 charging poles（充电桩）and 501 bus charging stations. "A bus can be fully charged within two hours and the charging poles can serve 300 buses a day at our station. Since the replacement, the bus station has become quiet, even as the e-buses are entering and exiting the station." said Mr. Guan, the manager of Qinghu Bus Station.
The use of e-buses and e-taxis plays an important role in improving air quality. In a year, the e-buses use 72.9 percent less energy than the traditional ones. The e-taxis save the energy of 119,000 tons of standard coal.
Shenzhen was one of the first 13 cities to take part in the National New-energy Vehicle Program (NNVP). In 2017, the city spent 3.3 billion yuan on e-buses and the charging equipment. The city also encourages people to bus new-energy cars or e-cars by reducing their payment.
（1）How many e-taxis were there in Shenzhen in January 2018
A．8,000. B．12,518. C．16,359. D．11,900.
细节理解。将题干中的 January 2018定位在第一段，根据A total of 12,518 taxis, or 62.5 percent of all the taxis in the city are electric ones可知，深圳出租车总共12,518辆是电动汽车，占总数的62.5%，故答案为B。
（2）What is the influence of the replacement according to Mr. Guan
A．It saves 72.9 percent energy.
B．It helps to improve air quality.
C．The bus station has become quiet.
D．People will pay more if they buy e-cars.
细节理解。Mr. Guan出现在文章第三段，根据引号中的Since the replacement, the bus station has become quiet可知公交车换成电动公交之后公交站变得安静了，故答案为C。
（3）What can we infer（推断）from the passage
A．It is not easy to be an e-driver.
B．Shenzhen is the first to use e-taxis.
C．13 cities are in the NNVP besides Shenzhen.
There are 300 charging poles at each bus station.
细节理解。根据第二段We had several rounds of training and passed strict exams before we were allowed to drive the e-buses可知要成为电动公交车司机需要经过几轮的训练，然后还要通过严格的考试才能驾驶，所以要成为电动公交司机不容易。B选项可以根据第一段第一句话 the world's first city to make all its public buses排除。C项通过最后一段首句 Shenzhen was one of the first 13 cities可知错误；D项通过第三段的the charging poles can serve 300 buses a day排除。故答案为A。
E
Artificial intelligence（人工智能）, or AI in short, is the science of giving computers and machines ability to think and work like humans. AI scientists and engineers have made a lot of cool technologies.
AI is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. As a result, facial recognition（识别）is used a lot in the world. Chinese police use this technology to identify criminals（罪犯）.Once they caught a criminal when he attended a concert. It also checks the ID of ride-hailing（网约车）drivers and lets people pay for things with a smile.
AI is also used in self-driving cars, which are believed to be the future of driving. Most drivers may wave or nod at passers-by to let them cross the street, but self-driving cars don't have this ability. Carmakers are testing a light signal system to help them "speak" to humans. The system can show what self-driving cars will do. For example, if a driverless car is yielding（让路）, it will flash two white lights side to side. A rapidly flashing light tells passers-by that the car is about to speed up.
Service Robots also show you know powerful AI is. Imagine this—you come back home from school and your robot housekeeper is waiting for you at the door. After dinner, he teaches you to play the piano, just like a real music teacher. Such thoughts will soon happen in the real world. In the future, more and more service robots will become good home helpers.
AI is so powerful that it can help human beings and even replace us in many jobs.
（2）According to the passage, what is facial recognition used for
A．Driving cars. B．Making people smile.
C．Calling the police. D．Checking people's information.
细节理解。题干中的 facial recognition定位在第二段，根据Chinese police use this……可知警察用来识别罪犯，也能核对网约车司机的身份信息，用微笑付款等，所以这些都是核对人们的信息，故答案为D。
（3）Which technology has been used in real life according to the passage
A．Service Robots at school.
B．Robots as ride-hailing drivers.
C．Facial recognition for payment.
D．Light signals for self-driving cars.
细节理解。文章第二段提到了面部识别系统让人们可以用微笑支付，所以C正确；而第三段提到的自动驾驶，第四段提到的学校机器人服务都是未来的应用，故答案为C。
2019年深圳市中考真题
A
Sending packets, shopping for everyday goods and even building a house, these are new skills that new robots show at the World Robot Exhibition.
RoBohoN Scientists are recommending the latest talking robots. They can be highly intelligent in their responses. RoBohoN, just 10cm tall, makes a lively description of the Great Wall and the Palace Museum. It can speak Chinese, English or any other language you like.
Human Support This robot stands at 1m tall and looks like a container with arms. It provides much support to different places and keeps in touch with the outside world through the internet.
CarriRo CarriRo, in the shape of a toy bus, has friendly “eyes” on its front. It works as a postman and sends packages by rolling around the streets. It has a GPS to travel. The person who receives the package is sent a code to the smart phone to open the CarriRo and get the package.
26. How tall is the RoBohoN
A. 0.1 meter B. 1 meter C. 1.8 meter D. 101 meters
细节理解题；原文提到“RoBohoN, just 10cm tall”10 厘米，即 0.1 米，故答案为A。
27.Which Robot is the best helper to the old people’s homes
A. RoBohoN B. Human Support Robot
C.HRP-5P D. CarriRo
细节理解题；由文章“The person who receives the package is sent a code to the smart phone to open the CarriRo and get the package”可知包裹的主人“The person who receives the package”会收到一个密码 “a code”来打开 CarriRo，取出包裹，故答案为 D。
B
Alice Lee is a high school student studying at a private school. She is doing some voluntary work at an after-school program to help students from poor families.
On the first day of her work, she noticed that many kids were lining up for free sandwiches and fruits. She was surprised. One of the organizers explains that many of these students don’t get enough to eat at home. So a school lunch or an after-meal might be the most food they would get all the day. She has also been told that some hungry kids can receive free lunches, but others are only allowed reduced-price meals, and those students’ families have to pay for the part of their food.
Lee was shocked, she decided to offer help to those who are suffering from hunger, “I want other kids to understand that If you see a problem, you don’t have to wait to be an adult to fix it,” says Lee. She and a group of friends are using their programme skill to create a new app called Food of Thought, which will allow parents, students, and even kind-hearted strangers to donate money to lunch accounts for students in a nearby school.
30. What did Alice Lee see on the first day of her voluntary work
A. Children lining up for free food.
B. Children buying sandwiches and fruit.
C. Children learning cooking instructions.
D. Children doing voluntary work.
细节理解题；文章第二段第一句提到 “on the first day of her work, she noticed that many kids were lining up for free sandwiches and fruits” 她看到很多学生排队 “line up”领取免费的三明治和水果，故答案为A。
31. Who should pay for the half-priced food
A. all the hungry children B. kind-hearted strangers
C. some poor families D. primary school students
细节题；文章第二段最后一句 but 后面“but others are only allowed reduced-price meals and those students’ family have to pay for the part of their food.”提到一些学生可以获得免费食物，另一些则只能获得减价食品，而他们的家庭需要支付这些食品的部分价格， 故答案为C。
D
UNNERS’ enthusiasm for the 2018 Shenzhen International Marathon was not diminished even though the sky was overcast yesterday morning, as 30,000 contestants from home and abroad gathered at the Civic Center square at 8 a.m. ready to hit the road.
The first runner to cross the finish line was Edwin Kipngetich Koech from Kenya, who finished the full-length marathon (42.195 kilometers) in 2 hours 9 minutes and 44 seconds. Koech took home a prize of US$20,000.
The runner-up prize went to an Ethiopian contestant, Bekele Muluneh Metaferia, who was only 56 seconds faster than the second runner-up, Samuel Ndungu Wanjiku, also from Kenya. Metaferia was awarded US$15,000, while Wanjiku received US$10,000.
The first woman to cross the finish line was Mulu Seboka Seyfu from Ethiopia. She finished in a time of 2 hours 27 minutes and 12 seconds, according to the organizer.
Kenyan runner Flomena Chepchirchir Chumba and Ethiopian runner Ashu Kasim Rabo finished in second and third place, respectively.
Evgeny Dekhtyar, a runner from Russia, said he really enjoyed the race and it was the second time that he had participated in the Shenzhen marathon. “The weather is superb for running a marathon because it is neither too cold nor too hot. Also, the views along Shennan Boulevard were beautiful. I really like the route,” said Dekhtyar.
Dekhtyar will also participate in the 2018 Shenzhen Bao’an International Marathon that is scheduled for Dec. 30. “I think a marathon is an amazing carnival in the city. People can exercise, have fun and break their personal records together,” he said.
Apart from the full-length marathon, the half-length marathon also attracted many participants to experience the fun of running. Some wanted to take the opportunity to improve their stamina and strength, while others wanted to enjoy themselves with friends and family.
39. The woman who ran fastest is from___
A.Kenya B.Ethiopia C.Russia D. China
细节题，询问跑的最快的女生国籍。第四段The first woman to cross the finish line was Mulu Seboka Seyfu from Ethiopia
40.According to Dekhtyar’s words ,we can know that_____
A.This was his second time to come to China .
B.The weather in Shenzhen was a little hot than that in Russia at that time.
C.He would take part in another Marathon in Shenzhen in 2018.
D.Everyone of the host city should be an athlete of the Marathon.
细节题，采访俄罗斯选手对于马拉松的看法。倒数第二段Dekhtyar will also participate in the 2018 Shenzhen Bao’an International Marathon that is scheduled for Dec.
41.Which statement is true about this passage
A. The best runners of this marathon are Africans.
B. Evgeny Dekhtyar reached the finish line at about a quarter to ten.
C. Bekele Muluneh Metaferia finished the marathon in 2 hours 10 minutes and 40 seconds.
D.The full-length marathon is for the men runners ,while the half-length marathon is for the women ones.
细节题：根据第一段最后一句话 “he was better off…and lived a happier and healthier life”,可知，答案选择 A。
E
When Justin Tong was a child, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him doing lots of housework such as carrying out the rubbish and sending newspapers. But when he grew up, he was better off than his childhood friends and lived a happier and healthier life.
This is the finding of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 children in London. It showed that the children who had worked hard in childhood had a richer and a happier future. “Children who worked in the home or community gained competence( 能 力 ) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,” said Daniel Brown, the psychologist( 心理学家) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”
Brown’s study followed these children in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Brown, the researchers compared the children’s mental-health scores with their childhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.
Working at any age is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence — the underpinnings ( 基 础 ) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.
Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.”
42. What do we know about Justin Tong
A. He enjoyed a happy life.
B. He felt sorry for the other kids.
C. He always sold newspapers.
D. He seldom collected rubbish.
细节题：根据第二段第二行和第三行 “children who had worked hard in childhood had a richer and a happier future,” 和 之 后 的 “Children who worked in the home or community competence … feel they were worthwhile”,可知答案选择 B。
43. Who will probably succeed in the future according to Paragraph 2
A. Children who enjoy happier and richer lives.
B. Children who work in the home or community.
C. Children who take part in Daniel Brown’s study.
D. Children who feel good about people around them.
细节题： 根据第三段第一行和第三行, “Interviews were repeated…” 和 “the researchers compared the children’s mental-health scores with…scores”,可知答案选择B。
2020年深圳市中考真题
Good
news for art lovers! We have collected some information about the exhibitions
put on in Shenzhen this summer.
Frank Yang's
Artworks An exhibition showing late master Frank Yang's
old photos, letters, videos and landscape paintings is being held. Entry is
free. Dates: Until July 26. Venue: Guan Shanyue Art Museum, 6026 Hongli Road, Futian
District. Metro: Line 3 or 4. to Children's Palace Station, Exit B. Contemporary Art Chinese artists Wang Dawei and Li Xiao are
holding their exhibitions, featuring contemporary sound art and video art.
Entry is free. Dates: Until August 18. Venue: OCAT Shenzhen, South Area, OCT-LOFT, Nanshan District. Metro: Line 1 to Qiaocheng East Station, Exit A.
Cassie Chen's Photos Cassie Chen, a graduate of Tsinghua University, is exhibiting her photographic Works in
Shenzhen. Visitors can find photos on different themes. Entry is free. Dates: Until July 30. Venue: TC101 Exhibition Hall, 2001 Longxiang Boulevard, Longgang District. Metro: Line 3 to Universiade. Station, ExitC. Future Art Chinese artist Sun Fangping is exhibiting
his works. Organizers hope that this series of exhibitions will explore the
direction and value of the future of art. Dates: Until August 31. Venue: Zhi Art Museum, Song' an Road Bao' an District. Metro: Ling 11 to Houting Station, Exit A and then take a
taxi.
（1）Which line can you take to enjoy Cassie Chen's Photos
A．Line 11. B．Line 4. C．Line3. D．Line 1.
细节题。根据题干“which line"和"Cassie Chen' s Photo"可定位原文"Metro: Line 3 to University Station"，故选C。
（2）In which district can you visit Future Art
A．Nanshan District B．Futian District
C．Longgang District D．Bao'an District
细节题。根据题干"which district"和"Future Art"可定位原文"Venue: Zhi Art Museum, Song' an Road, Bao'an District"，故选D。
18．（2020·深圳）阅读理解
"Miss
Smith! What rough (粗糙的) hands Mary Jessup
has! "said Daisy Marvin, as she walked home from school with her teacher.
"In
my opinion, Daisy, Mary's hands are the prettiest in our class"
"Why
Miss Smith, they are as red and hard as they can be. How they would look if she
tried to play on a piano! "Daisy said.
Miss
Smith took Daisy's hands in hers, and said, "Your hands are very soft and
white, just the hands to look beautiful on a piano; yet they don't have one
beauty that Mary's hands do .Shall I tell you what the difference is ”
"Yes,
please, Miss Smith." Daisy looked at Miss Smith, with eyes wide open.
"Will,
Daisy, Mary's hands are very busy. They wash dishes; they make fires; they hang
out clothes, and help to wash them, too; they are always trying to help her
poor, hard-working mother."
Miss
Smith continued, "Besides, they wash and dress the children; they mend
their toys and dress their dolls; yet, they find time to bathe the head of the little
girl who is so sick in the next house to theirs."
"They
do good deeds (行为) to every living thing. I
have seen them patting the tired horse and the homeless dog in the street. They
are always ready to help those who need help."
"I
shall never think Mary's hands are ugly any more, Miss Smith." Daisy said
that with tears in eyes.
"I
am glad to hear you say that, Daisy; and I must tell you that they are
beautiful because they help others gladly and cheerfully."
"Oh,
Miss Smith! I feel so ashamed of myself and so sorry, "said Daisy, looking
into her teacher's face with shining eyes.
“My dear, beauty doesn't lie in how one looks but what he does."
（1）What did Daisy think of Mary's hand at first
A．Warm B．Ugly C．Dirty D．Soft
细节题。文章中有多处出现Daisy对Mary手的直接评价，比如“rough”，“red and hard”，且从原文“I shall never think Mary's hands are ugly any more, Miss Smith”可知，Daisy一开始觉得Mary的手是不好看的，故选B。
（2）What is beauty in Miss Smith's opinion
A．Being patient. B．Being good-looking.
C．Being helpful. D．Being hard-working.
细节题。根据题意，要找出Miss Smith对美的理解。从原文“I must tell you that they are beautiful because they help others gladly and cheerfully.”可知，Miss Smith认为乐于助人是一种美，故选C。
19．（2020·深圳）阅读理解
When
Chinese people talk about Chinese tea culture today, they won't miss an
important person in Chinese history-Lu Yu, respected as a "Sage of Tea (茶圣)" for his achievements in the Chinese tea culture. He is
best-known for The Classic of Tea, the first work on growing, making and
drinking tea.
Lu
was born in Jingling in 733 A.D.As a child, he became a student of Zou Fuzi.
Thanks to his teacher's guidance, he learnt a lot. He often made tea for
his teacher. He also took care of his fellow students' health using his
knowledge on tea and herbs (草药) .
Lu Yu
often went to the countryside to gather tea leaves and herbs. On one of those
trips, Lu Yu found a spring. The water was quite clear and clean. When Lu made
tea with this spring water, he found the tea tasted better than usual. From
then on, he realized the importance of water quality in making tea.
In
752 A.D, Lu Yu finished his studies and returned to Jingling, where he met Cui
Guofu. Both men shared the same interests in tea, literature (文学) and poetry. They soon became good friends. Since then, the two
spent much time travelling, drinking tea and writing poems together.
This
period was important to Lu Yu as a man of literature. Culi, with his rich
experience and skills in writing, became a coach of Lu. He provided necessary
help with Lu's writing. It was during this time that Lu finally wrote the
amazing work, The Classic of Tea.
（1）What is Lu famous for
A．Having wisdom. B．Respecting teachers.
C．Caring for friends. D．Influencing tea culture.
细节题。题干关键词为"famous for"。原文第一段提到“He is best-known for The Classic of Tea, the first work on growing, making and drinking tea,”大致译为“他因编纂世界第一部茶叶专著《茶经》而闻名于世”，故答案为D。
（3）Why did Lu and Cui become good friends
A．They had the same hobbies. B．They lived in the same place.
C．They spent much time together. D．They had the same experiences.
细节题。由文章“Both men shared the same interests in tea, literature and poetry. They soon became good friends.”可知，他们是因为由相同的兴趣爱好才成为了朋友，故答案为A。
20．（2020·深圳）阅读理解
Teens
and kids are reading a lot less for fun, according to a recent report.
Although
the decline (下降) in the past ten years is
very surprising for teen readers, some data (数据) in the
report shows that reading is still a big part of many children's lives.
According
to the report, the number or teens who hardly read has gone up from 8 percent
to 25 percent today. The report data shows that kids' reading ability remains
almost the same. However, the amount of reading time has fallen, from about an
hour every day to half an hour.
As
for children's e-reading, the report mentions little about its effects. But it
says that many parents choose to control the time spent on e-books, mainly
because they are worried about the increased screen time. After all, it is
important to protect their kids' eyes.
The
most helpful part in the report is parents' effects on their children. It shows
that parents are examples and important guides for them in reading. If parents
read more and find more time如o read with
their children, it turns out that their children actually read more often.
As
summer vacation arrives, parents might take this chance to step in, make a
reading list and enjoy the pleasant family reading time.
（1）What do we know about children's fun reading time
A．It is much shorter. B．It stays the same.
C．It is much longer. D．It changes a little.
细节题。题干关键词为“children' s fun reading time” 。原文第一段提到“Teens and kids are reading much less for fun”，由此可知青少年及儿童的娱乐性阅读时间变短了，故答案为A。
21．（2020·深圳）阅读理解
The
Taojinshan Greenway (绿道) in Shenzhen has been
open to citizens since July, 2019. Sitting at the west side of Shenzhen
Reservoir, it is as long as 7.07 kilometers.
With
plants along both sides and lakes lying at different sites, tourists can enjoy
wonderful scenery all the way. If they are tired, they are free to take a rest
at the 3 stops that were built for breaks. Additionally, five unused guard posts
(岗享) along the old route have remained.
They serve as sightseeing platforms for visitors to feel the cultural spirit
behind the place.
Of
all its 13 scenic spots, 8 were designed to have Al helpers. From them,
visitors can gain information on parking, tour guide services and more. The
smart greenway, with free Wi-Fi available, also provides environmental date,
such as temperature, wind speed and air quality. What's more, it can give
visitors wamings of coming extreme (极端的)
weather and natural disasters, including rainstorms and typhoons that may hit
Shenzhen.
"Started
in the middle of 2015, the building process of the Taojinshan Greenway has
taken good care of de wildlife and environment nearby" said Yang Shiming,
an offcial in charge of the project."
The
greenway is an example of construction projects without doing harm to the
nature. It also shows the role that technology plays in building a smart
greenway for more life convenience."
（1）How long did it take to finish the Taojinshan Greenway
A．About 3 years B．About4 years.
C．About 5 years D．About 6 years.
细节理解题。根据第四段“Started in the middle of2015”及第一段第一句“The Taojinshan Greenway in Shenzhen has been open to citizens since Jully, 2019.”可知，从2015至2019年，淘金山绿道的工程一共花了4年，故答案为B。
2021年深圳市中考真题
（2021·深圳）阅读理解
Shashiyu was once a
poor village in Hebei Province, but now it has changed into a rich and livable
place.
In the 1940s,
villagers in Shashiyu had little food and few clothes, but they had a strong
wish for a better life. Zhang Guishun, the Party secretary of Shashiyu,
encouraged his villagers to do their best to pull themselves out of poverty.
"In the ancient Chinese story, Yu Gong could move mountains with his
strong will and hard work, why can't we Nobody was born to be poor " Hearing
his words, the villagers decided to make a difference.
Led by the Communist
Party of China (中国共产党), the villagers carried
water and soil to their village from faraway places to improve their land. From
1966 to. 1971, they reclaimed (开垦) lots of land and
greatly improved their life.
However, the village
encountered a new problem two decades later as the environment became heavily
polluted by chemical plants and mine refineries built in 1990s.
The polluting
factories were shut down in 2004, and villagers started grape cultivation,
which soon became a main industry in Shashiyu.
In 2009, the city-level
government invested over 1 million yuan($152, 723) to change the village's
exhibition hall into a museum in memory of development efforts made by earlier
generations.
After 10 years, the
village was called "National Forest Village".
Zhang said that the
village started a yearly tourism festival in 2015 to attract travelers to pick
grapes. "The grapes could be sold at a better price once Shashiyu becomes
famous through this festival. Our villagers can then live even better lives,
"he said.
11．Why did Zhang Guishun use the story of Yu Gong to encourage the villagers
A．Because Yu Gong had strong will and hard work.
B．Because Yu Gong was born poor too.
C．Because the villagers worshiped Yu Gong.
D．Because Yu Gong became rich at last.
细节理解题。根据第二段 "In the ancient Chinese story, Yu Gong could move mountains with his strong will and hard work, why can't we "可知涨贵顺用愚公的故事鼓励村民有坚强的意志和辛勤的努力。故选A。
12．From 1966 to 1971, what did the villagers do to improve their living situation
A．They planted grapes to earn money.
B．They carried water and soil to their village to improve their lands.
C．They moved to another place to live a better life.
D．They built a lot of factories.
细节理解题。根据第三段 "Led by the Communist Party of China, the villagers carried water and soil to their village from faraway places to improve their land. "可知从1966 年到1971年，在中国共产党的带领下，村民们从遥远的地方挑水运土到村里改良土地。故选B。
（2021·深圳）阅读理解
When I was a girl
growing up, I cannot once ever remember either my mum or my grandma wasting
food.
Anything we didn't eat
at one meal was leftovers (剩菜). I can
remember my grandma making a huge pot of potatoes. We would all eat until we
were full enough, but there were always about half of the potatoes leftover. A
few days later, Grandma would take those potatoes out of the fridge, boil some
noodles, add some vegetables and mix them all together. And I also remember
when I watched my mum fry bacon (煎培根) for us in the mornings,
she would always take the oil carefully and pour it into a bottle. Then she
would use it later to add flavor to so many other dishes. I was an adult before
I realized that potatoes didn't actually taste like bacon!
I learned their
lessons well, and after I grew up, I tried to never waste food myself. I always
planned the week's meals ahead of time and only bought what was on my shopping
list so that nothing went to waste. Every meal went into our stomachs and any
leftovers were later eaten by either myself my boys, my husband or my dogs. To
me, throwing food into the bin was just wrong.
However, when it comes
to living, there are no leftovers. Life is just like a feast. Each moment that you don't live is lost forever. Life
cannot be saved or stored. Each day is a fresh beginning. Live each moment of
your life to the fullest, then.
16．The writer's grandma used the leftover potatoes to _________________.
A．mix with noodles B．boil some vegetables
C．fry bacon D．throw away
细节理解题。根据第二段 A few days later, Grandma would take those potatoes out of the fridge, boil some noodles, add some vegetables and mix them all together. 可知奶奶会把那些土豆从冰箱里拿出来，煮些面条，加些蔬菜，把它们混合在一起。故选A。
17．Why did the potatoes cooked by the writer's mum taste like bacon
A．Because she mixed the bacon with potatoes.
B．Because she put potatoes into the containers.
C．Because she was good at cooking.
D．Because she poured the bacon oil into potatoes.
细节理解题。根据第二段 And I also remember when I watched my mum fry bacon (煎培根) for us in the mornings, she would always take the oil carefully and pour it into a bottle. Then she would use it later to add flavor to so many other dishes. 可知作者的妈妈煎培根的时候，她总是小心翼翼地把油倒进瓶子里。然后她以后会用它来为许多其他菜肴增添风味。故选D。
18．According to the passage, how did the writer save food in her way
A．By shopping ahead of time.
B．By throwing it into the litter bin.
C．By following her mother's shopping list.
D．By planning the next week's food.
细节理解题。根据第三段 I always planned the week's meals ahead of time and only bought what was on my shopping list so that nothing went to waste. 可知作者总是提前计划一周的饭菜，只买购物清单上的东西，这样就不会浪费任何东西。故选D。
（2021·深圳）阅读理解
Can plants talk
Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each
other.
It has been known for
some time that plants use chemicals to conunicate with each other. This happens
when a plant gets atacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the
leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help:" I'm
being attacked!" When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give
out its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away.
Others attract the wasps (黄蜂；蜜蜂)! The
wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn
more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow more crops.
More surprisingly,
plants also use sound to communicate. People can't hear these sounds; but
plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their and chili
plants do this. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water.
Most surprisingly of
all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant
in a forest. Scientists call this system the "wood wide web". The
wood wide web is linked underground by fungi (霉菌).
It links the roots of different plants to each other. It is in some ways
similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information
and even food with each other. However, it may lead to bad effects. Plants may
use it to steal food from each other, or spread chemicals to attack other
plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a "firewall"
to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web.
Scientists are
learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each
other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able
to "talk" with them ourselves.
21．What will plants do when they are attacked by insects
A．They will kill the insects by themselves.
B．They will control the wasps to kill the insects.
C．They will send out signals to ask for help.
D．They will produce chemicals as a warning or a call for help.
细节理解题。根据第二段 This happens when a plant gets atacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help:" I'm being attacked!" 当植物被昆虫袭击时，就会发生这种情况。这种植物从被吃掉的叶子中释放出化学物质。这就像警告，或呼救：“我被攻击了！”可知当植物被昆虫袭击时，他们会生产化学物质作为警告或寻求帮助。故选D。
22．How are the wood wide web linked by fungi
A．By making noises with their roots.
B．By connecting the roots of different plants to each other.
C．By sharing food and information with each other.
D．By spreading chemicals to each other.
细节理解题。根据第四段 The wood wide web is linked underground by fungi (霉菌). It links the roots of different plants to each other. 可知真菌将不同植物的根相互联系起来。故选B。
2022年深圳市中考真题
（2022·深圳）阅下列短文，从下面每小题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
At 9 o'clock on December 10th, 2021, with the sound of a whistle(哨), train G2197 slowly ran out of Ganzhou West Station and headed south to Shenzhen North Station. This marked the opening of the Ganzhou-Shenzhen high-speed railway, which includes 14 stations, with a total length of 436 kilometers. The total travel time between the two cities has been cut from 6 hours to 2 hours.
The building of the Ganshen high-speed railway was filled with challenges. As the railway travels through the mountainous areas of southern Jiangxi and northern Guangdong, workers had to be careful with many cultural landscapes(风景)and protection areas. When it was completed, 323 bridges and 157 tunnels( 隧 道 )were built, taking up 90% of the total length.
By taking the new route, it is convenient for passengers to visit the beautiful places along the line. For example, you can walk into the Shenzhen Museum to review the city's development, go to Heyuan to experience the amazing Wanlv Lake, or explore the ancient Tongtian Rock Caves in Ganzhou.
Ganzhou is known as the "Orange Capital of the World". With the high-speed railway's operation, more travellers from Guangdong have arrived and Ganzhou oranges are getting more popular.
"It used to take me six hours to drive home on Fridays, but now I can get home in time to pick up my child from school. What's more, I can even drop him off at school on Monday mornings before I go to work, "said Chen Yu, a Ganzhou local who works in Shenzhen.
Chen's life is a typical one that has changed with the railway. More and more wonderful changes along the high-speed railway are taking place.
11．How many hours can we save from Ganzhou to Shenzhen by G2197
A．2. B．4. C．6. D．8.
细节理解题，根据句子The total travel time between the two cities has been cut from 6 hours to 2 hours. 两个城市之间的总旅行时间已经从6小时缩短到2小时。可知节省了4个小时，故选B。
（2022·深圳）阅下列短文，从下面每小题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
I took up baking(烘焙)when I was twelve. At that time I was working on my school bakery project with my classmates. I tried a few times, but I wasn't very successful. My parents. advised I learn from my grandmother, who later gave me her recipe(食谱)and instruction as well. After two years' practice, I was able to make delicious bread. I have come to realize making bread means a lot to me although it takes a long time.
To make bread, others usually use quick-rise yeast(酵母), but I don't. Every Saturday morning, after mixing proper amount of water with flour, sugar etc, I take time to wait for the dough to rise. This is my way to slow down and smell the roses.
Baking does require great patience. In my hands, the dough is slowly growing. It's becoming softer. I can feel the change, which connects me to something quite different from the modern way of living. To me, making bread is a push against our culture of convenience. It certainly takes more time than buying bread from a store, but I enjoy it.
I've stuck with my grandmother's recipe without making any change. Now this tradition has continued for years. Sometimes, in order to fit it in, I have to change my schedule. But I have never considered giving it up.
By the time my children get home from school, the bread has been baked and cooled. They step into the house and the first thing they do is to take a deep breath of the warm, honeyed air. My bread-baking has also helped them to slow down and understand the value of taking their time and leading an unhurried life.
16．Who taught the writer to make bread
A．Her teacher. B．Her grandmother.
C．Her parents. D．Her classmates.
细节理解题，根据句子My parents. advised I learn from my grandmother, who later gave me her recipe(食谱)and instruction as well. 我的父母。我建议我向我的祖母学习，后来她给了我她的食谱和指导。可知是奶奶教作者做面包，故选B。
17．How is the writer's bread-making different from others'
A．She uses less water. B．She uses more sugar.
C．She doesn't bake it a long time. D．She doesn't add quick-rise yeast.
细节理解题，根据句子To make bread, others usually use quick-rise yeast(酵母), but I don't. 做面包，别人通常会用快发酵母，但我不会。可知作者不同于其他人的面包制作方法，是因为他不放酵母，故选D。
20．What does the writer want to teach her children to do
A．Do things in a slow way. B．Bake bread at an early age.
C．Be thankful for parents' work. D．Get home from school in time.
细节理解题，根据句子My bread-baking has also helped them to slow down and understand the value of taking their time and leading an unhurried life. 我的面包烘焙也帮助他们放慢了脚步，明白了花时间过一种不慌不忙的生活的价值。可知作者想要教孩子放慢生活的脚步，过着不慌不忙的生活，故选A。
（2022·深圳）阅读理解
The giant Amazon rainforest in South America has been a mystery for centuries. It holds all kinds of natural wonders. Among them in Colombia, a river stands out as "the most beautiful river" in the world.
Locally called Carnio Cristales, this special river lies in a national park. It is made up of several waterfalls, rapids, and plenty of pools. For most of the year, Canio Cristales looks like a common river: clean, green, and rocky. However, during the short period between September and November, the river explodes(迸发)with life and colour It appears as any mix of colours including blue, green, yellow, orange, and a purplish red. So it is also known as the "River of Five Colours".
Although at first it may appear as if some chemicals were added to the water, this rainbow river is completely natural. Cafio Cristales' colours are the result of a rare (稀有) water plant which needs sunlight to grow. The plants change colour depending on how much sunlight they receive, and the amount is decided by the height and speed of the water. Therefore, it is possible for the plants to be totally colourless if the sunlight is too hard to get. They are a delicate plant. This makes them easily damaged in the water.
Actually, the river faces some problems, including drier seasons, wildlife trouble, waste management, and budget( 预 算 )cuts. In 2007, the park was forced to close because it was over-crowded with tourists. Now the park admits only 200 people a day and requires them to mind their behaviour.
Today, Cano Cristales still shines among Colombia's most popular natural attractions, drawing thousands of tourists every year.
21．When is the best time to visit Cafio Cristales
A．In January. B．In March. C．In June. D．In October.
细节理解题，根据句子However, during the short period between September and November, the river explodes(迸发)with life and colour It appears as any mix of colours including blue, green, yellow, orange, and a purplish red. So it is also known as the "River of Five Colours". 然而，在9月至11月的短时间内，这条河爆发了与生命和色彩，它出现了任何颜色的混合，包括蓝色，绿色，黄色，橙色和紫红色。所以它也被称为“五色河”。可知9-11月是最佳游玩时间，结合选项，十月是最好的时间，故选D。
22．Why is Cano Cristales colourful
A．A special plant lives in it. B．People add chemicals to it.
C．The water is badly polluted. D．The weather is changeable there.
细节理解题，根据句子Cafio Cristales' colours are the result of a rare (稀有) water plant which needs sunlight to grow. Cafio Cristales的颜色是一种罕见的水生植物的结果，这种植物需要阳光才能生长。可知Cafio Cristales的颜色是因为有一种特殊的水生植物，故选A。
24．What once caused the park to be closed
A．Too many visitors. B．The poor service.
C．Too much rubbish. D．The wildlife problem.
细节理解题，根据句子In 2007, the park was forced to close because it was over-crowded with tourists. 2007年，由于游客过多，该公园被迫关闭。可知游客太多是公园关闭的原因，故选A。
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专题02 阅读理解——细节理解题
阅读理解部分中的细节理解题，旨在考查学生对文章细节处的理解及运用。
细节理解题通常针对文中的某个句子，从人物动作、思想感情、观点、事件的起因、发展、过程和结果等方面来命题，并且通常题的顺序和文章的段落顺序是匹配的，考生可以根据这一点准确定位，寻找答案。
分析2018-2022年近五年深圳中考阅读理解题型考向分布。
年份 体裁 题目类型考察频次
细节理解 推理判断 词句猜测 主旨大意
2018年 说明文 记叙文 记叙文 说明文 13 2 2 2
2019年 说明文 记叙文·夹叙夹议文 说明文 11 5 1 3
2020年 说明文 记叙文·夹叙夹议文 说明文 8 7 2 3
2021年 记叙文 记叙文 说明文 7 6 1 1
2022年 说明文 记叙文 说明文 7 6 1 1
一、类别
1.直接信息题：
数据处理题、同义转换题
2、间接信息题：
是非题、排序题
二、解题方法：寻读法
三、解题步骤：1.阅读题干，抓关键词
2.定位原文
3.分析选项
1.题型特点
这类题在阅读理解中所占比例较大。它常常针对文章中的事实和细节进行提问,用when,where,why,how,who,which,what等进行提问,目的在于测试学生对说明文章中心思想的支撑事实和细节的理解能力。
2.细节理解题主要的设问方式
①Which of the following is true/not true
②Which of the following is mentioned/not mentioned in the passage
③Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.
④Which of the following best describes...
⑤Which of the following shows/gives the right relationship/position of...
⑥When/Where/Why/Who/What/How...
3.细节理解题的解题技巧
所谓“事实细节”,是指在阅读理解的短文中客观存在的事实。细节理解题的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。一般来说,应在短文中找出相关信息的位置,确定试题测试的考点。当然,有的试题还得对原文所提供的事实进行一定的分析比较,才能做出正确的选择。
(1)查读法(scanning)
查读是在读者对材料有所了解的情况下进行的。查读的特点是带着问题寻找答案。
①用略读的方法通读阅读材料,对原文有一个大概的了解,掌握其主旨。
②按文章的体裁,如按记叙文、说明文和议论文等及作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词,如for example,first,second等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。
③把主要精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读,眼睛自左至右,自上而下呈Z形扫视,直至找到你所需要的部分。待找到你所需要的部分时,可放慢速度,细读要查找的内容。
(2)原文定位法
根据题干中的关键词,找准相关句、段的内容,再仔细对照,不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除,反之,则是正确选项。
①是非判断题。这类题的选项有两种形式:四项中有三对一错或三错一对。四项内容通常是对同一问题进行判断或对不同问题进行判断。不管什么形式、什么内容,通常都用原文定位法,把选项内容与原文内容进行对比分析,判断是否符合相关句的意义或在原文中提到过,然后进行排除解答。
②关于对年代和数字的考查通常分两类:直接考查和计算考查。对前者,根据文中信息能很容易地确定答案;对后者,首先要弄清题干问的是什么,然后找到与它相关的年代和数字,对它们进一步分析、整合,最后,结合题干计算出正确答案。
③对于最后一种常见题型,有两种考查形式:考查直接信息和对直接信息的理解。对直接信息的考查只需找到原文信息就能解决问题。后者则需对原文相关信息做正确理解,这个理解可能牵扯到对某一句话或某些句子的理解,考生在理解其意义时,一定要捕捉到关键性的词。对这类题要认真、周全地考虑方能选取正确答案。这种题的正确选项往往是原文意义的不同表现形式。
(3)首尾定位法
做排序题可采用“首尾定位法”。即先找出最先发生的事和最后发生的事,迅速缩小选择范围,从而快速选出正确答案。
(4)排除法
利用排除法时,考生要注意的是有时在两个难以抉择的选项之间一定要通过文章的整体意思来作出判断。
(5)按“文”索“图”法
做选图题时,可采用按“文”索“图”法。即从文中找出描绘图形的句段,按“文”索“图”。
解题步骤：
拓展：
题眼通常为：
名词：人名、地名、书名、专有名词和普通名词；
数词（短语）：时间、日期
谓语动词
做题小技巧：
1.若针对特殊标点符号,举例子,名人名言出题,只需要阅读符号，例子,名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。
2.在出现一些关键词，如however、but、moreover、therefore、 thus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。
3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项
4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：must, never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no, completely, none,等。但不是绝对，也有例外。
5.注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如： must, may, often, should, usually, might, most, more or less, likely, all, never，few 等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。
6.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提及.
【真题在线】
2018年深圳市中考真题
A
When you go on a vacation, the hotel you choose and the room you stay in are important. There are many cool theme（主题）hotel rooms around the world. Here are some of them.
The Harry Potter Room The George Castle Hotel in England gives its guests the experience of staying in Harry Potter's world. This 19th-century castle hotel is beside Harry Potter tour bus stop. The bus will take you to the Making Of Harry Potter studio tour. Ice Theme Room An ice theme can be found at Hotel de Glace in Canada. In winter, you can get a fireplace and a private spa in the rooms. The ice hotel has new rooms each year. This winter, it will build a room with the theme of Disney's movie Frozen.
Pirate（海盗）Theme Room If you want a more attractive theme room, the Adventure Island Hotel in America is the best choice. In their pirate theme rooms, you'll feel like you're on a pirate ship in a world of sea adventures. Night at the Movies Room At the Wensley Hotel in Australia, guests are crazy about the Night at the Movies Room. There they can see different things of Hollywood, such as Hollywood signs over the door, and hand-painted actors' pictures above the bed.
（1）What can guests do during their stay at the George Castle Hotel
A．Visit a movie studio. B．Have a private spa.
C．Enjoy a movie night. D．Play an adventure game.
（2）Who is most likely to choose the Adventure Island Hotel
A．Kids who love Disneyland. B．Kids who love pirate stories.
C．Adults who love castle tours. D．Adults who love watching movies.
（3）What is the possible choice for a super fan of Hollywood movies
A．The Wensley Hotel. B．Hotel de Glace.
C．The George Castle Hotel. D．The Adventure Island Hotel.
B
Last summer, Mac Hollan, a primary school teacher, was cycling to Alaska with two friends. On the way, his friends had to stop for a bicycle repair, but they encouraged Mac to ride on, and they would catch up with him soon.
Mac began to cycle alone. A few minutes later, Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him. "Man, that's a big dog!" he thought. But when he looked to the side, he saw immediately that it wasn't a dog at all, but a wolf, quickly catching up with him.
Mac's heart jumped. He searched and took out his can of bear spray（防熊喷雾）. With one hand on the bars, he fired the spray at the wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal. To Mac's relief（宽慰）, it fell back, shaking its head. A minute later, however, it was again by his side. It even attacked the back of Mac's bike, tearing open his tent bag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back, only to quickly restart the chase（追赶）.
Mac was riding hard now. He waved and shouted at passing cars without slowing down.
At that moment, Paul and Becky were driving their car on their way to Alaska. They found a dog-like animal running alongside a man on a bike. As they got closer, they realized that the "dog" was a wolf. Mac heard a large car behind him. He kept waving and shouting as the wolf was catching up closer. And the car did stop in front of him at the right time.
（1）Why was Mac riding alone
A．He wanted to try his bear spray.
B．He liked riding alone all the way.
C．His friends were repairing the bike.
D．His friends returned for their tents.
（2）How did Mac feel when he realized a wolf was after him
A．Calm. B．Frightened. C．Excited. D．Painful.
（4）How did Mac ask for help in the end
A．By cycling hard. B．By firing the spray.
C．By waving and shouting. D．By running after the car.
C
The 14th Chinese Language Competition attracted about 1,100 children from kindergarten kids to high school students. The children from different languages and cultural backgrounds met in San Francisco and competed in events like Chinese Calligraphy（书法）, drawing and Chinese poetry recital（背诵）.
Thomson, an 11th-grade boy from Justin-Siena High School in Napa city of California, has studied Chinese language for three years. It was hard for him to learn Chinese at the beginning, because it was one of the most difficult languages in the world. However, the writing of Chinese characters is a form of art, which made him feel different. "It's amazing to see how attractive Chinese culture is." he said.
Julie, a 12th-grade girl shared her similar experience of learning Chinese for four years. When recalling her trip in Beijing and Shanghai, she expressed huge interest in shared bikes. "The shared bike is known as one of the new 'Great Inventions' of China, along with China's Express Railway and Alipay online payment system. They amaze the whole world as part of China's rapid rise."
According to the hosting organization, the Confucius Institute at San Francisco State University, the competition was mainly for American and overseas Chinese kids. It aimed to set a platform to present （展示）their Chinese language and culture talents. It also helped to deepen the understanding of young Americans about the Chinese culture and history.
（1）Where was the 14th Chinese Language Competition held
A．In Beijing. B．In Shanghai.
C．In Napa city. D．In San Francisco.
（2）What is among the new "Great Inventions" of China according to the passage
A．Railway. B．Paper making.
C．The shared bike. D．Chinese calligraphy.
（3）Which statement is TRUE about the competition
A．All college students took part in it.
B．It was not only for overseas Chinese kids.
C．It was hosted by Justin-Siena High School.
D．Students competed in different languages.
D
Shenzhen, Jan 1st, 2018—Shenzhen has become the world's first city to make all its public buses, about 16,359, run on electricity. A total of 12,518 taxis, or 62.5 percent of all the taxis in the city are electric ones. "We will replace（替换）the rest of the taxis with electric ones by 2020." said Mr. Chen from the government.
"I have been a driver for twenty years," said Mr. Zhang, a driver who started to drive e-buses a month ago. "We had several rounds of training and passed strict exams before we were allowed to drive the e-buses."
The city has built 8,000 charging poles（充电桩）and 501 bus charging stations. "A bus can be fully charged within two hours and the charging poles can serve 300 buses a day at our station. Since the replacement, the bus station has become quiet, even as the e-buses are entering and exiting the station." said Mr. Guan, the manager of Qinghu Bus Station.
The use of e-buses and e-taxis plays an important role in improving air quality. In a year, the e-buses use 72.9 percent less energy than the traditional ones. The e-taxis save the energy of 119,000 tons of standard coal.
Shenzhen was one of the first 13 cities to take part in the National New-energy Vehicle Program (NNVP). In 2017, the city spent 3.3 billion yuan on e-buses and the charging equipment. The city also encourages people to bus new-energy cars or e-cars by reducing their payment.
（1）How many e-taxis were there in Shenzhen in January 2018
A．8,000. B．12,518. C．16,359. D．11,900.
（2）What is the influence of the replacement according to Mr. Guan
A．It saves 72.9 percent energy.
B．It helps to improve air quality.
C．The bus station has become quiet.
D．People will pay more if they buy e-cars.
（3）What can we infer（推断）from the passage
A．It is not easy to be an e-driver.
B．Shenzhen is the first to use e-taxis.
C．13 cities are in the NNVP besides Shenzhen.
There are 300 charging poles at each bus station.
E
Artificial intelligence（人工智能）, or AI in short, is the science of giving computers and machines ability to think and work like humans. AI scientists and engineers have made a lot of cool technologies.
AI is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. As a result, facial recognition（识别）is used a lot in the world. Chinese police use this technology to identify criminals（罪犯）.Once they caught a criminal when he attended a concert. It also checks the ID of ride-hailing（网约车）drivers and lets people pay for things with a smile.
AI is also used in self-driving cars, which are believed to be the future of driving. Most drivers may wave or nod at passers-by to let them cross the street, but self-driving cars don't have this ability. Carmakers are testing a light signal system to help them "speak" to humans. The system can show what self-driving cars will do. For example, if a driverless car is yielding（让路）, it will flash two white lights side to side. A rapidly flashing light tells passers-by that the car is about to speed up.
Service Robots also show you know powerful AI is. Imagine this—you come back home from school and your robot housekeeper is waiting for you at the door. After dinner, he teaches you to play the piano, just like a real music teacher. Such thoughts will soon happen in the real world. In the future, more and more service robots will become good home helpers.
AI is so powerful that it can help human beings and even replace us in many jobs.
（2）According to the passage, what is facial recognition used for
A．Driving cars. B．Making people smile.
C．Calling the police. D．Checking people's information.
（3）Which technology has been used in real life according to the passage
A．Service Robots at school.
B．Robots as ride-hailing drivers.
C．Facial recognition for payment.
D．Light signals for self-driving cars.
2019年深圳市中考真题
A
Sending packets, shopping for everyday goods and even building a house, these are new skills that new robots show at the World Robot Exhibition.
RoBohoN Scientists are recommending the latest talking robots. They can be highly intelligent in their responses. RoBohoN, just 10cm tall, makes a lively description of the Great Wall and the Palace Museum. It can speak Chinese, English or any other language you like.
Human Support This robot stands at 1m tall and looks like a container with arms. It provides much support to different places and keeps in touch with the outside world through the internet.
CarriRo CarriRo, in the shape of a toy bus, has friendly “eyes” on its front. It works as a postman and sends packages by rolling around the streets. It has a GPS to travel. The person who receives the package is sent a code to the smart phone to open the CarriRo and get the package.
26. How tall is the RoBohoN
A. 0.1 meter B. 1 meter C. 1.8 meter D. 101 meters
27.Which Robot is the best helper to the old people’s homes
A. RoBohoN B. Human Support Robot
C.HRP-5P D. CarriRo
B
Alice Lee is a high school student studying at a private school. She is doing some voluntary work at an after-school program to help students from poor families.
On the first day of her work, she noticed that many kids were lining up for free sandwiches and fruits. She was surprised. One of the organizers explains that many of these students don’t get enough to eat at home. So a school lunch or an after-meal might be the most food they would get all the day. She has also been told that some hungry kids can receive free lunches, but others are only allowed reduced-price meals, and those students’ families have to pay for the part of their food.
Lee was shocked, she decided to offer help to those who are suffering from hunger, “I want other kids to understand that If you see a problem, you don’t have to wait to be an adult to fix it,” says Lee. She and a group of friends are using their programme skill to create a new app called Food of Thought, which will allow parents, students, and even kind-hearted strangers to donate money to lunch accounts for students in a nearby school.
30. What did Alice Lee see on the first day of her voluntary work
A. Children lining up for free food.
B. Children buying sandwiches and fruit.
C. Children learning cooking instructions.
D. Children doing voluntary work.
31. Who should pay for the half-priced food
A. all the hungry children B. kind-hearted strangers
C. some poor families D. primary school students
D
UNNERS’ enthusiasm for the 2018 Shenzhen International Marathon was not diminished even though the sky was overcast yesterday morning, as 30,000 contestants from home and abroad gathered at the Civic Center square at 8 a.m. ready to hit the road.
The first runner to cross the finish line was Edwin Kipngetich Koech from Kenya, who finished the full-length marathon (42.195 kilometers) in 2 hours 9 minutes and 44 seconds. Koech took home a prize of US$20,000.
The runner-up prize went to an Ethiopian contestant, Bekele Muluneh Metaferia, who was only 56 seconds faster than the second runner-up, Samuel Ndungu Wanjiku, also from Kenya. Metaferia was awarded US$15,000, while Wanjiku received US$10,000.
The first woman to cross the finish line was Mulu Seboka Seyfu from Ethiopia. She finished in a time of 2 hours 27 minutes and 12 seconds, according to the organizer.
Kenyan runner Flomena Chepchirchir Chumba and Ethiopian runner Ashu Kasim Rabo finished in second and third place, respectively.
Evgeny Dekhtyar, a runner from Russia, said he really enjoyed the race and it was the second time that he had participated in the Shenzhen marathon. “The weather is superb for running a marathon because it is neither too cold nor too hot. Also, the views along Shennan Boulevard were beautiful. I really like the route,” said Dekhtyar.
Dekhtyar will also participate in the 2018 Shenzhen Bao’an International Marathon that is scheduled for Dec. 30. “I think a marathon is an amazing carnival in the city. People can exercise, have fun and break their personal records together,” he said.
Apart from the full-length marathon, the half-length marathon also attracted many participants to experience the fun of running. Some wanted to take the opportunity to improve their stamina and strength, while others wanted to enjoy themselves with friends and family.
39. The woman who ran fastest is from___
A.Kenya B.Ethiopia C.Russia D. China
40.According to Dekhtyar’s words ,we can know that_____
A.This was his second time to come to China .
B.The weather in Shenzhen was a little hot than that in Russia at that time.
C.He would take part in another Marathon in Shenzhen in 2018.
D.Everyone of the host city should be an athlete of the Marathon.
41.Which statement is true about this passage
A. The best runners of this marathon are Africans.
B. Evgeny Dekhtyar reached the finish line at about a quarter to ten.
C. Bekele Muluneh Metaferia finished the marathon in 2 hours 10 minutes and 40 seconds.
D.The full-length marathon is for the men runners ,while the half-length marathon is for the women ones.
E
When Justin Tong was a child, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him doing lots of housework such as carrying out the rubbish and sending newspapers. But when he grew up, he was better off than his childhood friends and lived a happier and healthier life.
This is the finding of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 children in London. It showed that the children who had worked hard in childhood had a richer and a happier future. “Children who worked in the home or community gained competence( 能 力 ) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,” said Daniel Brown, the psychologist( 心理学家) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”
Brown’s study followed these children in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Brown, the researchers compared the children’s mental-health scores with their childhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.
Working at any age is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence — the underpinnings ( 基 础 ) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.
Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.”
42. What do we know about Justin Tong
A. He enjoyed a happy life.
B. He felt sorry for the other kids.
C. He always sold newspapers.
D. He seldom collected rubbish.
43. Who will probably succeed in the future according to Paragraph 2
A. Children who enjoy happier and richer lives.
B. Children who work in the home or community.
C. Children who take part in Daniel Brown’s study.
D. Children who feel good about people around them.
2020年深圳市中考真题
Good
news for art lovers! We have collected some information about the exhibitions
put on in Shenzhen this summer.
Frank Yang's
Artworks An exhibition showing late master Frank Yang's
old photos, letters, videos and landscape paintings is being held. Entry is
free. Dates: Until July 26. Venue: Guan Shanyue Art Museum, 6026 Hongli Road, Futian
District. Metro: Line 3 or 4. to Children's Palace Station, Exit B. Contemporary Art Chinese artists Wang Dawei and Li Xiao are
holding their exhibitions, featuring contemporary sound art and video art.
Entry is free. Dates: Until August 18. Venue: OCAT Shenzhen, South Area, OCT-LOFT, Nanshan District. Metro: Line 1 to Qiaocheng East Station, Exit A.
Cassie Chen's Photos Cassie Chen, a graduate of Tsinghua University, is exhibiting her photographic Works in
Shenzhen. Visitors can find photos on different themes. Entry is free. Dates: Until July 30. Venue: TC101 Exhibition Hall, 2001 Longxiang Boulevard, Longgang District. Metro: Line 3 to Universiade. Station, ExitC. Future Art Chinese artist Sun Fangping is exhibiting
his works. Organizers hope that this series of exhibitions will explore the
direction and value of the future of art. Dates: Until August 31. Venue: Zhi Art Museum, Song' an Road Bao' an District. Metro: Ling 11 to Houting Station, Exit A and then take a
taxi.
（1）Which line can you take to enjoy Cassie Chen's Photos
A．Line 11. B．Line 4. C．Line3. D．Line 1.
（2）In which district can you visit Future Art
A．Nanshan District B．Futian District
C．Longgang District D．Bao'an District
18．（2020·深圳）阅读理解
"Miss
Smith! What rough (粗糙的) hands Mary Jessup
has! "said Daisy Marvin, as she walked home from school with her teacher.
"In
my opinion, Daisy, Mary's hands are the prettiest in our class"
"Why
Miss Smith, they are as red and hard as they can be. How they would look if she
tried to play on a piano! "Daisy said.
Miss
Smith took Daisy's hands in hers, and said, "Your hands are very soft and
white, just the hands to look beautiful on a piano; yet they don't have one
beauty that Mary's hands do .Shall I tell you what the difference is ”
"Yes,
please, Miss Smith." Daisy looked at Miss Smith, with eyes wide open.
"Will,
Daisy, Mary's hands are very busy. They wash dishes; they make fires; they hang
out clothes, and help to wash them, too; they are always trying to help her
poor, hard-working mother."
Miss
Smith continued, "Besides, they wash and dress the children; they mend
their toys and dress their dolls; yet, they find time to bathe the head of the little
girl who is so sick in the next house to theirs."
"They
do good deeds (行为) to every living thing. I
have seen them patting the tired horse and the homeless dog in the street. They
are always ready to help those who need help."
"I
shall never think Mary's hands are ugly any more, Miss Smith." Daisy said
that with tears in eyes.
"I
am glad to hear you say that, Daisy; and I must tell you that they are
beautiful because they help others gladly and cheerfully."
"Oh,
Miss Smith! I feel so ashamed of myself and so sorry, "said Daisy, looking
into her teacher's face with shining eyes.
“My dear, beauty doesn't lie in how one looks but what he does."
（1）What did Daisy think of Mary's hand at first
A．Warm B．Ugly C．Dirty D．Soft
（2）What is beauty in Miss Smith's opinion
A．Being patient. B．Being good-looking.
C．Being helpful. D．Being hard-working.
19．（2020·深圳）阅读理解
When
Chinese people talk about Chinese tea culture today, they won't miss an
important person in Chinese history-Lu Yu, respected as a "Sage of Tea (茶圣)" for his achievements in the Chinese tea culture. He is
best-known for The Classic of Tea, the first work on growing, making and
drinking tea.
Lu
was born in Jingling in 733 A.D.As a child, he became a student of Zou Fuzi.
Thanks to his teacher's guidance, he learnt a lot. He often made tea for
his teacher. He also took care of his fellow students' health using his
knowledge on tea and herbs (草药) .
Lu Yu
often went to the countryside to gather tea leaves and herbs. On one of those
trips, Lu Yu found a spring. The water was quite clear and clean. When Lu made
tea with this spring water, he found the tea tasted better than usual. From
then on, he realized the importance of water quality in making tea.
In
752 A.D, Lu Yu finished his studies and returned to Jingling, where he met Cui
Guofu. Both men shared the same interests in tea, literature (文学) and poetry. They soon became good friends. Since then, the two
spent much time travelling, drinking tea and writing poems together.
This
period was important to Lu Yu as a man of literature. Culi, with his rich
experience and skills in writing, became a coach of Lu. He provided necessary
help with Lu's writing. It was during this time that Lu finally wrote the
amazing work, The Classic of Tea.
（1）What is Lu famous for
A．Having wisdom. B．Respecting teachers.
C．Caring for friends. D．Influencing tea culture.
（3）Why did Lu and Cui become good friends
A．They had the same hobbies. B．They lived in the same place.
C．They spent much time together. D．They had the same experiences.
20．（2020·深圳）阅读理解
Teens
and kids are reading a lot less for fun, according to a recent report.
Although
the decline (下降) in the past ten years is
very surprising for teen readers, some data (数据) in the
report shows that reading is still a big part of many children's lives.
According
to the report, the number or teens who hardly read has gone up from 8 percent
to 25 percent today. The report data shows that kids' reading ability remains
almost the same. However, the amount of reading time has fallen, from about an
hour every day to half an hour.
As
for children's e-reading, the report mentions little about its effects. But it
says that many parents choose to control the time spent on e-books, mainly
because they are worried about the increased screen time. After all, it is
important to protect their kids' eyes.
The
most helpful part in the report is parents' effects on their children. It shows
that parents are examples and important guides for them in reading. If parents
read more and find more time如o read with
their children, it turns out that their children actually read more often.
As
summer vacation arrives, parents might take this chance to step in, make a
reading list and enjoy the pleasant family reading time.
（1）What do we know about children's fun reading time
A．It is much shorter. B．It stays the same.
C．It is much longer. D．It changes a little.
21．（2020·深圳）阅读理解
The
Taojinshan Greenway (绿道) in Shenzhen has been
open to citizens since July, 2019. Sitting at the west side of Shenzhen
Reservoir, it is as long as 7.07 kilometers.
With
plants along both sides and lakes lying at different sites, tourists can enjoy
wonderful scenery all the way. If they are tired, they are free to take a rest
at the 3 stops that were built for breaks. Additionally, five unused guard posts
(岗享) along the old route have remained.
They serve as sightseeing platforms for visitors to feel the cultural spirit
behind the place.
Of
all its 13 scenic spots, 8 were designed to have Al helpers. From them,
visitors can gain information on parking, tour guide services and more. The
smart greenway, with free Wi-Fi available, also provides environmental date,
such as temperature, wind speed and air quality. What's more, it can give
visitors wamings of coming extreme (极端的)
weather and natural disasters, including rainstorms and typhoons that may hit
Shenzhen.
"Started
in the middle of 2015, the building process of the Taojinshan Greenway has
taken good care of de wildlife and environment nearby" said Yang Shiming,
an offcial in charge of the project."
The
greenway is an example of construction projects without doing harm to the
nature. It also shows the role that technology plays in building a smart
greenway for more life convenience."
（1）How long did it take to finish the Taojinshan Greenway
A．About 3 years B．About4 years.
C．About 5 years D．About 6 years.
2021年深圳市中考真题
（2021·深圳）阅读理解
Shashiyu was once a
poor village in Hebei Province, but now it has changed into a rich and livable
place.
In the 1940s,
villagers in Shashiyu had little food and few clothes, but they had a strong
wish for a better life. Zhang Guishun, the Party secretary of Shashiyu,
encouraged his villagers to do their best to pull themselves out of poverty.
"In the ancient Chinese story, Yu Gong could move mountains with his
strong will and hard work, why can't we Nobody was born to be poor " Hearing
his words, the villagers decided to make a difference.
Led by the Communist
Party of China (中国共产党), the villagers carried
water and soil to their village from faraway places to improve their land. From
1966 to. 1971, they reclaimed (开垦) lots of land and
greatly improved their life.
However, the village
encountered a new problem two decades later as the environment became heavily
polluted by chemical plants and mine refineries built in 1990s.
The polluting
factories were shut down in 2004, and villagers started grape cultivation,
which soon became a main industry in Shashiyu.
In 2009, the city-level
government invested over 1 million yuan($152, 723) to change the village's
exhibition hall into a museum in memory of development efforts made by earlier
generations.
After 10 years, the
village was called "National Forest Village".
Zhang said that the
village started a yearly tourism festival in 2015 to attract travelers to pick
grapes. "The grapes could be sold at a better price once Shashiyu becomes
famous through this festival. Our villagers can then live even better lives,
"he said.
11．Why did Zhang Guishun use the story of Yu Gong to encourage the villagers
A．Because Yu Gong had strong will and hard work.
B．Because Yu Gong was born poor too.
C．Because the villagers worshiped Yu Gong.
D．Because Yu Gong became rich at last.
12．From 1966 to 1971, what did the villagers do to improve their living situation
A．They planted grapes to earn money.
B．They carried water and soil to their village to improve their lands.
C．They moved to another place to live a better life.
D．They built a lot of factories.
（2021·深圳）阅读理解
When I was a girl
growing up, I cannot once ever remember either my mum or my grandma wasting
food.
Anything we didn't eat
at one meal was leftovers (剩菜). I can
remember my grandma making a huge pot of potatoes. We would all eat until we
were full enough, but there were always about half of the potatoes leftover. A
few days later, Grandma would take those potatoes out of the fridge, boil some
noodles, add some vegetables and mix them all together. And I also remember
when I watched my mum fry bacon (煎培根) for us in the mornings,
she would always take the oil carefully and pour it into a bottle. Then she
would use it later to add flavor to so many other dishes. I was an adult before
I realized that potatoes didn't actually taste like bacon!
I learned their
lessons well, and after I grew up, I tried to never waste food myself. I always
planned the week's meals ahead of time and only bought what was on my shopping
list so that nothing went to waste. Every meal went into our stomachs and any
leftovers were later eaten by either myself my boys, my husband or my dogs. To
me, throwing food into the bin was just wrong.
However, when it comes
to living, there are no leftovers. Life is just like a feast. Each moment that you don't live is lost forever. Life
cannot be saved or stored. Each day is a fresh beginning. Live each moment of
your life to the fullest, then.
16．The writer's grandma used the leftover potatoes to _________________.
A．mix with noodles B．boil some vegetables
C．fry bacon D．throw away
17．Why did the potatoes cooked by the writer's mum taste like bacon
A．Because she mixed the bacon with potatoes.
B．Because she put potatoes into the containers.
C．Because she was good at cooking.
D．Because she poured the bacon oil into potatoes.
18．According to the passage, how did the writer save food in her way
A．By shopping ahead of time.
B．By throwing it into the litter bin.
C．By following her mother's shopping list.
D．By planning the next week's food.
（2021·深圳）阅读理解
Can plants talk
Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each
other.
It has been known for
some time that plants use chemicals to conunicate with each other. This happens
when a plant gets atacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the
leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help:" I'm
being attacked!" When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give
out its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away.
Others attract the wasps (黄蜂；蜜蜂)! The
wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn
more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow more crops.
More surprisingly,
plants also use sound to communicate. People can't hear these sounds; but
plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their and chili
plants do this. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water.
Most surprisingly of
all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant
in a forest. Scientists call this system the "wood wide web". The
wood wide web is linked underground by fungi (霉菌).
It links the roots of different plants to each other. It is in some ways
similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information
and even food with each other. However, it may lead to bad effects. Plants may
use it to steal food from each other, or spread chemicals to attack other
plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a "firewall"
to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web.
Scientists are
learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each
other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able
to "talk" with them ourselves.
21．What will plants do when they are attacked by insects
A．They will kill the insects by themselves.
B．They will control the wasps to kill the insects.
C．They will send out signals to ask for help.
D．They will produce chemicals as a warning or a call for help.
22．How are the wood wide web linked by fungi
A．By making noises with their roots.
B．By connecting the roots of different plants to each other.
C．By sharing food and information with each other.
D．By spreading chemicals to each other.
2022年深圳市中考真题
（2022·深圳）阅下列短文，从下面每小题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
At 9 o'clock on December 10th, 2021, with the sound of a whistle(哨), train G2197 slowly ran out of Ganzhou West Station and headed south to Shenzhen North Station. This marked the opening of the Ganzhou-Shenzhen high-speed railway, which includes 14 stations, with a total length of 436 kilometers. The total travel time between the two cities has been cut from 6 hours to 2 hours.
The building of the Ganshen high-speed railway was filled with challenges. As the railway travels through the mountainous areas of southern Jiangxi and northern Guangdong, workers had to be careful with many cultural landscapes(风景)and protection areas. When it was completed, 323 bridges and 157 tunnels( 隧 道 )were built, taking up 90% of the total length.
By taking the new route, it is convenient for passengers to visit the beautiful places along the line. For example, you can walk into the Shenzhen Museum to review the city's development, go to Heyuan to experience the amazing Wanlv Lake, or explore the ancient Tongtian Rock Caves in Ganzhou.
Ganzhou is known as the "Orange Capital of the World". With the high-speed railway's operation, more travellers from Guangdong have arrived and Ganzhou oranges are getting more popular.
"It used to take me six hours to drive home on Fridays, but now I can get home in time to pick up my child from school. What's more, I can even drop him off at school on Monday mornings before I go to work, "said Chen Yu, a Ganzhou local who works in Shenzhen.
Chen's life is a typical one that has changed with the railway. More and more wonderful changes along the high-speed railway are taking place.
11．How many hours can we save from Ganzhou to Shenzhen by G2197
A．2. B．4. C．6. D．8.
（2022·深圳）阅下列短文，从下面每小题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
I took up baking(烘焙)when I was twelve. At that time I was working on my school bakery project with my classmates. I tried a few times, but I wasn't very successful. My parents. advised I learn from my grandmother, who later gave me her recipe(食谱)and instruction as well. After two years' practice, I was able to make delicious bread. I have come to realize making bread means a lot to me although it takes a long time.
To make bread, others usually use quick-rise yeast(酵母), but I don't. Every Saturday morning, after mixing proper amount of water with flour, sugar etc, I take time to wait for the dough to rise. This is my way to slow down and smell the roses.
Baking does require great patience. In my hands, the dough is slowly growing. It's becoming softer. I can feel the change, which connects me to something quite different from the modern way of living. To me, making bread is a push against our culture of convenience. It certainly takes more time than buying bread from a store, but I enjoy it.
I've stuck with my grandmother's recipe without making any change. Now this tradition has continued for years. Sometimes, in order to fit it in, I have to change my schedule. But I have never considered giving it up.
By the time my children get home from school, the bread has been baked and cooled. They step into the house and the first thing they do is to take a deep breath of the warm, honeyed air. My bread-baking has also helped them to slow down and understand the value of taking their time and leading an unhurried life.
16．Who taught the writer to make bread
A．Her teacher. B．Her grandmother.
C．Her parents. D．Her classmates.
17．How is the writer's bread-making different from others'
A．She uses less water. B．She uses more sugar.
C．She doesn't bake it a long time. D．She doesn't add quick-rise yeast.
20．What does the writer want to teach her children to do
A．Do things in a slow way. B．Bake bread at an early age.
C．Be thankful for parents' work. D．Get home from school in time.
（2022·深圳）阅读理解
The giant Amazon rainforest in South America has been a mystery for centuries. It holds all kinds of natural wonders. Among them in Colombia, a river stands out as "the most beautiful river" in the world.
Locally called Carnio Cristales, this special river lies in a national park. It is made up of several waterfalls, rapids, and plenty of pools. For most of the year, Canio Cristales looks like a common river: clean, green, and rocky. However, during the short period between September and November, the river explodes(迸发)with life and colour It appears as any mix of colours including blue, green, yellow, orange, and a purplish red. So it is also known as the "River of Five Colours".
Although at first it may appear as if some chemicals were added to the water, this rainbow river is completely natural. Cafio Cristales' colours are the result of a rare (稀有) water plant which needs sunlight to grow. The plants change colour depending on how much sunlight they receive, and the amount is decided by the height and speed of the water. Therefore, it is possible for the plants to be totally colourless if the sunlight is too hard to get. They are a delicate plant. This makes them easily damaged in the water.
Actually, the river faces some problems, including drier seasons, wildlife trouble, waste management, and budget( 预 算 )cuts. In 2007, the park was forced to close because it was over-crowded with tourists. Now the park admits only 200 people a day and requires them to mind their behaviour.
Today, Cano Cristales still shines among Colombia's most popular natural attractions, drawing thousands of tourists every year.
21．When is the best time to visit Cafio Cristales
A．In January. B．In March. C．In June. D．In October.
22．Why is Cano Cristales colourful
A．A special plant lives in it. B．People add chemicals to it.
C．The water is badly polluted. D．The weather is changeable there.
24．What once caused the park to be closed
A．Too many visitors. B．The poor service.
C．Too much rubbish. D．The wildlife problem.
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