中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题三 阅读理解——词义猜测题
词义猜测题是中考阅读中常考的一个类型，要求考生不但要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的词汇泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。此类题型在设置时，需要猜测的词汇（词组）均为生难词汇，考生需要重点掌握根据上下文推测生词（词组）的技巧。
分析2018-2022年近五年深圳中考阅读理解题型考向分布。
年份 体裁 题目类型考察频次
细节理解 推理判断 词句猜测 主旨大意
2018年 说明文 记叙文 记叙文 说明文 13 2 2 2
2019年 说明文 记叙文·夹叙夹议文 说明文 11 5 1 3
2020年 说明文 记叙文·夹叙夹议文 说明文 8 7 2 3
2021年 记叙文 记叙文 说明文 7 6 1 1
2022年 说明文 记叙文 说明文 7 6 1 1
常见设问方式：
What might/does the underlined word/phrase/expression “...” mean in Chinese
The underlined word “...” in paragraph...means...
According to the ...paragraph,what does the word “...” mean in Chinese
In Paragraph ... ,the underlined word “...” means ...
What does the underlined word “...” (in paragraph...) mean
The underlined word “...” means ... in Chinese.
解题步骤：
词 义 （词组）猜 测 题 通过上下文语境猜测词义 仔细阅读生词前后的语句，分析已知信息与生词之间的关系，从而得出答案
通过定义或释义猜测词义 如果生词后内容对所猜生词加以解释或定义，考生可以通过理解这些呢绒猜测生词含义
通过近义词/反义词猜测词义 在文章中，有时作者为了表达同一类事物的不同种类，或者为了说明相反的两件事或两类人，会使用一些近义或反义的词语来进行对比，这时我们可以利用已知单词来推测未知生词的词义。此时，需多加注意句中的连接词and，or，but，while，however等
通过举例猜测词义 恰当的举例能够为猜测生词提供重要线索。比如根据such as，for example，like等词的前后，或者是破折号前后的内容来猜测划线词的意思
【真题在线】
2018年深圳市中考真题
B
Last summer, Mac Hollan, a primary school teacher, was cycling to Alaska with two friends. On the way, his friends had to stop for a bicycle repair, but they encouraged Mac to ride on, and they would catch up with him soon.
Mac began to cycle alone. A few minutes later, Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him. "Man, that's a big dog!" he thought. But when he looked to the side, he saw immediately that it wasn't a dog at all, but a wolf, quickly catching up with him.
Mac's heart jumped. He searched and took out his can of bear spray（防熊喷雾）. With one hand on the bars, he fired the spray at the wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal. To Mac's relief（宽慰）, it fell back, shaking its head. A minute later, however, it was again by his side. It even attacked the back of Mac's bike, tearing open his tent bag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back, only to quickly restart the chase（追赶）.
Mac was riding hard now. He waved and shouted at passing cars without slowing down.
At that moment, Paul and Becky were driving their car on their way to Alaska. They found a dog-like animal running alongside a man on a bike. As they got closer, they realized that the "dog" was a wolf. Mac heard a large car behind him. He kept waving and shouting as the wolf was catching up closer. And the car did stop in front of him at the right time.
（3）What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to（指代）
A．The wolf. B．The dog. C．The can. D．The cloud.
词义猜测。it通常指前文提到的单数名词。通过理解句意：一只手扶着车把，Mac朝狼喷去。一股红色的雾笼罩着那只动物，让Mac宽慰的是，它落在后面了，摇摆着头。所以it指的是那只狼，故答案为A。
E
Artificial intelligence（人工智能）, or AI in short, is the science of giving computers and machines ability to think and work like humans. AI scientists and engineers have made a lot of cool technologies.
AI is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. As a result, facial recognition（识别）is used a lot in the world. Chinese police use this technology to identify criminals（罪犯）.Once they caught a criminal when he attended a concert. It also checks the ID of ride-hailing（网约车）drivers and lets people pay for things with a smile.
AI is also used in self-driving cars, which are believed to be the future of driving. Most drivers may wave or nod at passers-by to let them cross the street, but self-driving cars don't have this ability. Carmakers are testing a light signal system to help them "speak" to humans. The system can show what self-driving cars will do. For example, if a driverless car is yielding（让路）, it will flash two white lights side to side. A rapidly flashing light tells passers-by that the car is about to speed up.
Service Robots also show you know powerful AI is. Imagine this—you come back home from school and your robot housekeeper is waiting for you at the door. After dinner, he teaches you to play the piano, just like a real music teacher. Such thoughts will soon happen in the real world. In the future, more and more service robots will become good home helpers.
AI is so powerful that it can help human beings and even replace us in many jobs.
（1）What does the underlined word "identify" mean in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．To let somebody know his mistakes.
B．To come to realize and tell who is who.
C．To take somebody to the police station.
D．To inform somebody of something important.
词义猜测。A.让人知道他的错误；B.认识并分清谁是谁；C.带某人去警察局；D.通知某人重要的事情。句意：因此，面部识别在世界上广泛使用。中国警察使用这个技术来……罪犯。所以identify意思是“识别”，故答案为B。
2019年深圳市中考真题
D
UNNERS’ enthusiasm for the 2018 Shenzhen International Marathon was not diminished even though the sky was overcast yesterday morning, as 30,000 contestants from home and abroad gathered at the Civic Center square at 8 a.m. ready to hit the road.The first runner to cross the finish line was Edwin Kipngetich Koech from Kenya, who finished the full-length marathon (42.195 kilometers) in 2 hours 9 minutes and 44 seconds. Koech took home a prize of US$20,000.
The runner-up prize went to an Ethiopian contestant, Bekele Muluneh Metaferia, who was only 56 seconds faster than the second runner-up, Samuel Ndungu Wanjiku, also from Kenya. Metaferia was awarded US$15,000, while Wanjiku received US$10,000.
The first woman to cross the finish line was Mulu Seboka Seyfu from Ethiopia. She finished in a time of 2 hours 27 minutes and 12 seconds, according to the organizer.Kenyan runner Flomena Chepchirchir Chumba and Ethiopian runner Ashu Kasim Rabo finished in second and third place, respectively.
Evgeny Dekhtyar, a runner from Russia, said he really enjoyed the race and it was the second time that he had participated in the Shenzhen marathon. “The weather is superb for running a marathon because it is neither too cold nor too hot. Also, the views along Shennan Boulevard were beautiful. I really like the route,” said Dekhtyar.
Dekhtyar will also participate in the 2018 Shenzhen Bao’an International Marathon that is scheduled for Dec. 30. “I think a marathon is an amazing carnival in the city. People can exercise, have fun and break their personal records together,” he said.
Apart from the full-length marathon, the half-length marathon also attracted many participants to experience the fun of running. Some wanted to take the opportunity to improve their stamina and strength, while others wanted to enjoy themselves with friends and family.
The underlined word “overcast”in paragraph 1,means____.
A.hot and rainy B.rainy and windy
C.cool and cloudy D.warm and foggy
C 猜词题，考察词义理解。从文章倒数第三段天气neither too hot nor cold 既不冷也不热判断
2020年深圳市中考真题
19．（2020·深圳）阅读理解
When
Chinese people talk about Chinese tea culture today, they won't miss an
important person in Chinese history-Lu Yu, respected as a "Sage of Tea (茶圣)" for his achievements in the Chinese tea culture. He is
best-known for The Classic of Tea, the first work on growing, making and
drinking tea.
Lu
was born in Jingling in 733 A.D.As a child, he became a student of Zou Fuzi.
Thanks to his teacher's guidance, he learnt a lot. He often made tea for
his teacher. He also took care of his fellow students' health using his
knowledge on tea and herbs (草药) .
Lu Yu
often went to the countryside to gather tea leaves and herbs. On one of those
trips, Lu Yu found a spring. The water was quite clear and clean. When Lu made
tea with this spring water, he found the tea tasted better than usual. From
then on, he realized the importance of water quality in making tea.
In
752 A.D, Lu Yu finished his studies and returned to Jingling, where he met Cui
Guofu. Both men shared the same interests in tea, literature (文学) and poetry. They soon became good friends. Since then, the two
spent much time travelling, drinking tea and writing poems together.
This
period was important to Lu Yu as a man of literature. Culi, with his rich
experience and skills in writing, became a coach of Lu. He provided necessary
help with Lu's writing. It was during this time that Lu finally wrote the
amazing work, The Classic of Tea.
（2）What does the underlined word "guidance" in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Help B．Stress C．Protection D．Control
词义推断题。由原文关键句“Thanks to his teacher' S guidance, he learnt a lot”可知老师给予的是“帮助”。选项中，A.帮助，B.压力，C.保护，D. 控制。故答案为A。
21．（2020·深圳）阅读理解
The
Taojinshan Greenway (绿道) in Shenzhen has been
open to citizens since July, 2019. Sitting at the west side of Shenzhen
Reservoir, it is as long as 7.07 kilometers.
With
plants along both sides and lakes lying at different sites, tourists can enjoy
wonderful scenery all the way. If they are tired, they are free to take a rest
at the 3 stops that were built for breaks. Additionally, five unused guard posts
(岗享) along the old route have remained.
They serve as sightseeing platforms for visitors to feel the cultural spirit
behind the place.
Of
all its 13 scenic spots, 8 were designed to have Al helpers. From them,
visitors can gain information on parking, tour guide services and more. The
smart greenway, with free Wi-Fi available, also provides environmental date,
such as temperature, wind speed and air quality. What's more, it can give
visitors wamings of coming extreme (极端的)
weather and natural disasters, including rainstorms and typhoons that may hit
Shenzhen.
"Started
in the middle of 2015, the building process of the Taojinshan Greenway has
taken good care of de wildlife and environment nearby" said Yang Shiming,
an offcial in charge of the project."
The
greenway is an example of construction projects without doing harm to the
nature. It also shows the role that technology plays in building a smart
greenway for more life convenience."
（2）What does the underlined word "They" in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Views. B．Visitors. C．Stops. D．Guard posts.
词义猜测题（代词） 。在代词词义猜测题中，考点为It且做形式主语或宾语时，需要在后文找答案。若考点为其他代词(如本题的They) ，则在前文找答案即可。根据关键句“They serve as sightseeing platform for visitors.”可知，They指代的应该是前一句话的主语guard posts。故答案为D。
2021年深圳市中考真题
（2021·深圳）阅读理解
When I was a girl
growing up, I cannot once ever remember either my mum or my grandma wasting
food.
Anything we didn't eat
at one meal was leftovers (剩菜). I can
remember my grandma making a huge pot of potatoes. We would all eat until we
were full enough, but there were always about half of the potatoes leftover. A
few days later, Grandma would take those potatoes out of the fridge, boil some
noodles, add some vegetables and mix them all together. And I also remember
when I watched my mum fry bacon (煎培根) for us in the mornings,
she would always take the oil carefully and pour it into a bottle. Then she
would use it later to add flavor to so many other dishes. I was an adult before
I realized that potatoes didn't actually taste like bacon!
I learned their
lessons well, and after I grew up, I tried to never waste food myself. I always
planned the week's meals ahead of time and only bought what was on my shopping
list so that nothing went to waste. Every meal went into our stomachs and any
leftovers were later eaten by either myself my boys, my husband or my dogs. To
me, throwing food into the bin was just wrong.
However, when it comes
to living, there are no leftovers. Life is just like a feast. Each moment that you don't live is lost forever. Life
cannot be saved or stored. Each day is a fresh beginning. Live each moment of
your life to the fullest, then.
19．What does the underlined word "feast" in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Sweat dream. B．Large meal.
C．Happy story. D．Beautiful picture.
词义猜测题。根据最后一段 However, when it comes to living, there are no leftovers. 可知，说到生活，没有剩菜，那么就是 Large meal 。故选B。
2022年深圳市中考真题
（2022·深圳）阅读理解
The giant Amazon rainforest in South America has been a mystery for centuries. It holds all kinds of natural wonders. Among them in Colombia, a river stands out as "the most beautiful river" in the world.
Locally called Carnio Cristales, this special river lies in a national park. It is made up of several waterfalls, rapids, and plenty of pools. For most of the year, Canio Cristales looks like a common river: clean, green, and rocky. However, during the short period between September and November, the river explodes(迸发)with life and colour It appears as any mix of colours including blue, green, yellow, orange, and a purplish red. So it is also known as the "River of Five Colours".
Although at first it may appear as if some chemicals were added to the water, this rainbow river is completely natural. Cafio Cristales' colours are the result of a rare (稀有) water plant which needs sunlight to grow. The plants change colour depending on how much sunlight they receive, and the amount is decided by the height and speed of the water. Therefore, it is possible for the plants to be totally colourless if the sunlight is too hard to get. They are a delicate plant. This makes them easily damaged in the water.
Actually, the river faces some problems, including drier seasons, wildlife trouble, waste management, and budget( 预 算 )cuts. In 2007, the park was forced to close because it was over-crowded with tourists. Now the park admits only 200 people a day and requires them to mind their behaviour.
Today, Cano Cristales still shines among Colombia's most popular natural attractions, drawing thousands of tourists every year.
23．What does the underlined word "delicate" in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Special. B．Weak. C．Lively. D．Beautiful.
词义猜测题，根据句子Therefore, it is possible for the plants to be totally colourless if the sunlight is too hard to get. They are a delicate plant. This makes them easily damaged in the water. 因此，如果阳光太难照射，植物完全无色是可能的。它们是一种......的植物。这使得它们在水中很容易损坏。可知在水中很容易被破坏，由此可推断这种植物很娇嫩，很弱，故选B。
2023九下·深圳35校联考模拟
（2023九下·深圳模拟） 阅读理解
I believe in the power of inspiration (激励). I like playing basketball. However, when I played in the boy's club, I didn't think I could do well in it. If somebody passed the ball to me, I would quickly pass the ball to another teammate. I dared (敢于)not shoot the ball myself. I was afraid that I would miss the shot and be laughed at by my teammates. I watched basketball games and felt the excitement of the players right after they made the shot."Those
feelings wouldn't be the same,"I thought.
One day, I asked for some advice from my best friend about what team I should join. "Should I try out for basketball or wrestling "She asked,"Don't you love basketball "I sadly replied,"Yeah, but I was never good at it."She looked at me with disbelief,"Yes, you are!"I looked at her skeptically ,"Am I "Then she said these words,"If I love something, I will keep doing what I love to do so that I can get better."Her words inspired me.
I decided to join another club to play basketball. What my friend had said stood in my mind. My teammate passed the ball to me. I received the ball and took a shot. I made it. As soon as I made the shot, I felt the excitement of an NBA player. My successful play was unforgettable. I'll never forget that day.
I believe that everybody has something he or she loves, and inspiration will lead you there if you have trouble. People need to be inspired to find their passion. Their passion will most likely help them to achieve greater things in life, and to be the best people they can be.
17．What does the underlined word"skeptically "in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Angrily. . B．Doubtfully. C．Ashamedly. D．Thankfully.
词义猜测题。根据第二段的"I looked at her skeptically ,"Am I "可知我……看着她："我擅长？因此是表示疑惑地，故选B。
（2023九下·深圳模拟） 阅读理解
At a logistics(物流) company in Shenzhen, Guangdong, robots have replaced workers in sorting (分拣) goods. They work 30 percent faster and make few mistakes. Millions of robots work day and night like this in factories across China.
In 2022, the number of working industrial (工业的) robots relative to the number of workers reached 322 per 10,000 workers in China, according to the World Robotics 2022 Report by the International Federation of Robotics (IFR). This made China ranked fifth in the world. For the first time, China's ranking went higher than the United States, which ranked ninth.
Robot density(密度) shows the automation(自动化) level in the manufacturing(制造) industry, said Marina Bill, president of the IFR. The new average of global robot density in the manufacturing industry is 141 robots per 10,000 workers.
Robots are playing an important role in making factories smarter and improving the manufacturing industry, according to Tao Yong, a professor of robotics at Beihang University in Beijing. They can help reduce costs and improve efficiency.
"Today's factories, with the help of robots, are more like clever engineers with quick eyes and hands,"Wu Zhijie, who works for the engineering equipment company Sany, told Xinhua.
The progress of the robotics sector (产业 ) mirrors the fast growth of the industrial internet in China.
The country has more than 3,1005G+ industrial internet projects and over 150 platforms with strong influence, according to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The industrial internet covers 45 key sectors, including manufacturing, energy and electricity. Its added value reached 4.13 trillion yuan in 2021.
24．Which of the following word scan replace the underlined word"mirrors "
A．pushes B．takes C．looks D．shows
词义猜测题。根据第六段的The progress of the robotics sector ( 产 业 )mirrors the fast growth of the industrial internet in China.可知机器人行业的进步……中国工业互联网的快速发展。因此是指展现了，故选D。
2023·深圳模拟
（2023·深圳模拟）阅读理解
With an average size of 19 centimeters and an average weight of only 40 grams, the light-vented bulbul (白头鸭) can be found in many Asian countries including South Korea and Vietnam. Recently, it has made China its preferred living place.
The bulbul has a black crown with white patches (白斑) on top and on both cheeks (脸颊). Near its back, the black crown turns into light grey. The grey color mixes with deep smart green feathers that make its wings beautiful. The throat is white which turns grey over the stomach. The tail is long compared with its whole body, covered in deep green feathers.
This lovely bird has got used to living in the human environments. It can be found throughout Shenzhen and even in the most crowded areas of the city. Its special call can be heard all year round. It feeds mainly on fruits, new leaves, and flying insects.
The bulbul is one of the most easily noticed birds in our city. Let's plant more trees and protect the environment to build pleasant habitats for them, so that we, and our children too, can live happily with them in the years to come.
14．What does the underlined word "habitats" in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Farms. B．Fields. C．Homes. D．Squares.
词义猜测题，根据句子Let's plant more trees and protect the environment to build pleasant habitats for them, so that we, and our children too, can live happily with them in the years to come. 让我们种植更多的树木，保护环境，为他们建造舒适的栖息地，这样我们和我们的孩子们也可以在未来的岁月里与他们幸福地生活在一起。可知此处是指白头鸭的栖息地，与homes意思相近，故选C。
2022·宝安模拟
（2022·宝安模拟）阅读理解
Summer vacation became very boring when my best friends left for summer camp. Getting up later each morning, I was spending more and more time with my smart phone and the TV. But when my mom told me that I couldn't use my smart phone, I felt like I had lost my world. I had nothing to do, circling from room to room all day.
One day, Mom asked me if I would accept a challenge to follow the same ant for ten minutes.
"What's so difficult about that " I asked.
"You might be surprised. " Mom smiled
"Is there a prize for the challenge " I asked.
"Of course. But if you lose, you'll have to do some housework. "
To win the challenge, I needed a special ant so that I could follow him easily. My eyes were fixed on a big ant carrying a leaf. "There he goes, Mom. " She set the timer for 10 minutes.
For the first time, the ant ran all the way to the gate. "Perfect!" I thought. Then, he came to a wide crack（裂缝）, he tried to cross, but failed. Then he disappeared into the grass. My heart sank as I saw myself cleaning the bathroom. Then surprisingly, he climbed out carrying a piece of leaf and was back on his way.
For the last three minutes, he dropped his leaf as if he would disappear again. To my surprise, he placed the leaf across the crack and walked across it to the other side like a bridge. Wow!
Just then, my mom's timer rang. I was lucky to win my prize. But I was mostly encouraged by the ant that actually created its own bridge. Now Mom has allowed me to have my phone, but I learned there is still more other fun in life.
18．What does the underlined sentence mean
A．The writer thought he would win the challenge soon.
B．The writer was upset because he would do housework.
C．The writer was unhappy because he wouldn't get the prize.
D．The writer's heart was beating fast because he felt worried.
词句猜测题。根据"But if you lose, you'll have to do some housework."和"Then he disappeared into the grass. My heart sank as I saw myself cleaning the bathroom."可知，如果作者输了就要做一些家务，所以当蚂蚁消失在草丛中时，作者因为要做家务而心烦意乱。故选B。
2022·福田模拟
（2022·福田模拟）阅读理解
Solar panels（太阳能电池板）are a kind of environmentally-friendly product. They take energy from the sun and turn it into electricity. In many parts of the world, solar panels are used to produce electricity. More and more people have started using solar panels to provide power for their homes.
However, solar panels also have their disadvantages. They can't produce energy all the time and they stop working at night and on rainy days. Then a question comes: Is it possible to make them produce electricity all the time
Scientists at Suzhou University, China, have invented a new solar panel. It can produce electricity not only from solar energy but also from the falling rain. When a raindrop falls on the solar panel and then rolls（滚动）down, it creates friction（摩擦力）on the surface of the panel, which can then be turned into electricity.
Sun Baoquan is one of the inventors. "Our new invention can produce electricity almost in any weather during the day," he says. "It can even provide electricity at night if there is rain. "
The solar panel, however, does not make a lot of electricity from falling rain. So Sun Baoquan is still working hard to improve it. The scientist also wants to make solar panels more flexible, which can be as soft as clothing. Solar energy is a kind of clean, safe and cheap energy. The field of solar energy is developing fast. Scientists around the world have been improving solar panels. Some have been working on ways to join solar panels and wind power together. Some have been trying to use sunlight to produce liquid（液体的）and gas fuels. They hope they can serve people better with more green energy.
23．What does the underlined word "flexible" most probably mean
A．Colorful. B．Practical. C．Beautiful. D．Changeable.
词义猜测题。根据最后一段which can be as soft as clothing. 可知发明可以像衣服一样柔软，因此是可以变化的。故选D。
2021·光明模拟
（2021·光明模拟）阅读理解
[1] Ye Jiaying, also known as Florence Yeh, was selected as one of the ten role models who won 2020 Touching China awards, a program by the CCTV.
[2]Ye Jiaying was born into a family of scholars in July 1924 in Beijing. As an expert in the study of classical Chinese literature (文学), she started her lifelong career as a literature teacher in 1945 when she graduated from Fu Jen Catholic University, which later became part of Beijing Normal University.
[3]In 1948, towards the end of the Chinese civil war, Ye and her husband moved to Taiwan. She gained popularity in Taiwan. With students speaking .highly of her teaching, she was recruited by Taiwan University, Fu Jen University and Tamkang University to teach Chinese literature.
[4]In 1966, the couple moved to the United States, where Ye first taught Chinese poetry at Michigan State University and then at Harvard University. Later, they moved to Canada and she worked as a tenured professor at the University of Columbia in Canada.
[5] Beginning in 1979, Ye began spending summers teaching at various Chinese colleges, including famous universities such as Beijing University, Nankai University and Fudan University. She offered her services for free and paid her own travel expenses (开销).She believes that her teaching is the best gift she can offer to the country and later generations.
[6] In 2013,she went back to China and worked in Nankai University. She has settled down in Tianjin since then. The university announced that Ye had donated 18.57 million yuan ($2.8 million) to the college to set up the Jiaying Scholarship.
[7]According to the speech which explained why she won the 2020 Touching China awards, Ye Jiaying devoted herself to teaching Chinese poems. She only did one thing in her life: bringing the beauty of ancient Chinese poetry to the world.
17．The word "recruited" in Paragraph 3 cam be replaced by ________________.
A．refused B．required C．employed D．challenged
词义猜测题，找到recruited所在句，后面接的都是一些大学名称，句尾的to teach Chinese literature指在这些大学中职教，由此可以判断出叶嘉莹是受雇于这些大学，employ雇用，故答案为C。
2022·光明模拟
（2022·光明模拟）阅读理解
I always carry a Rubik's Cube（魔方）in my backpack and I'm really good at solving it quickly. I usually ask people to try it first. They turn the cube over in their hands, make a few moves and then shyly hand it back—they don't even know where to begin.
That's exactly what it was like for me to learn how to read because I am dyslexic（有阅读障碍的）. It's awkward to admit this, I still couldn't always spell my full name correctly when I was ten, in grade four.
Solving the Rubik's Cube has made me realize that sometimes you have to take a few steps backward in order to move forward. When I was in grade five, I had to leave public school and started a new life at a school for students who are dyslexic. I spent the next four years learning how to read, which later allowed me to return to high school with the ability to communicate and my ideas and express my intelligence.
The Rubik's Cube also taught me that to work out something big, it helps to break it down into smaller pieces. I learned that it's important to spend a lot of time thinking, to try to find connections of each part. I believe that there are surprises around the corner.
Like a difficult text or sometimes like life itself, the Rubik's Cube can be a big puzzle. So I carry one in my backpack as a reminder that I can achieve my goals, no matter what difficulty I may face.
16．What does the underlined word "awkward" probably mean
A．Embarrassing. B．Necessary. C．Impossible. D．Important.
词义猜测题。根据That's exactly what it was like for me to learn how to read because I am dyslexic（有阅读障碍的）. It's awkward to admit this, I still couldn't always spell my full name correctly when I was ten, in grade four. 这正是我学习阅读的感觉，因为我有阅读障碍。承认这一点很……当我十岁的时候，四年级的时候，我仍然不能正确拼写我的全名。可知"awkward "意思是"尴尬的，结合选项，可知Embarrassing尴尬的，符合题意，故答案为A。
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专题三 阅读理解——词义猜测题
词义猜测题是中考阅读中常考的一个类型，要求考生不但要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的词汇泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。此类题型在设置时，需要猜测的词汇（词组）均为生难词汇，考生需要重点掌握根据上下文推测生词（词组）的技巧。
分析2018-2022年近五年深圳中考阅读理解题型考向分布。
年份 体裁 题目类型考察频次
细节理解 推理判断 词句猜测 主旨大意
2018年 说明文 记叙文 记叙文 说明文 13 2 2 2
2019年 说明文 记叙文·夹叙夹议文 说明文 11 5 1 3
2020年 说明文 记叙文·夹叙夹议文 说明文 8 7 2 3
2021年 记叙文 记叙文 说明文 7 6 1 1
2022年 说明文 记叙文 说明文 7 6 1 1
常见设问方式：
What might/does the underlined word/phrase/expression “...” mean in Chinese
The underlined word “...” in paragraph...means...
According to the ...paragraph,what does the word “...” mean in Chinese
In Paragraph ... ,the underlined word “...” means ...
What does the underlined word “...” (in paragraph...) mean
The underlined word “...” means ... in Chinese.
解题步骤：
词 义 （词组）猜 测 题 通过上下文语境猜测词义 仔细阅读生词前后的语句，分析已知信息与生词之间的关系，从而得出答案
通过定义或释义猜测词义 如果生词后内容对所猜生词加以解释或定义，考生可以通过理解这些呢绒猜测生词含义
通过近义词/反义词猜测词义 在文章中，有时作者为了表达同一类事物的不同种类，或者为了说明相反的两件事或两类人，会使用一些近义或反义的词语来进行对比，这时我们可以利用已知单词来推测未知生词的词义。此时，需多加注意句中的连接词and，or，but，while，however等
通过举例猜测词义 恰当的举例能够为猜测生词提供重要线索。比如根据such as，for example，like等词的前后，或者是破折号前后的内容来猜测划线词的意思
【真题在线】
2018年深圳市中考真题
B
Last summer, Mac Hollan, a primary school teacher, was cycling to Alaska with two friends. On the way, his friends had to stop for a bicycle repair, but they encouraged Mac to ride on, and they would catch up with him soon.
Mac began to cycle alone. A few minutes later, Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him. "Man, that's a big dog!" he thought. But when he looked to the side, he saw immediately that it wasn't a dog at all, but a wolf, quickly catching up with him.
Mac's heart jumped. He searched and took out his can of bear spray（防熊喷雾）. With one hand on the bars, he fired the spray at the wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal. To Mac's relief（宽慰）, it fell back, shaking its head. A minute later, however, it was again by his side. It even attacked the back of Mac's bike, tearing open his tent bag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back, only to quickly restart the chase（追赶）.
Mac was riding hard now. He waved and shouted at passing cars without slowing down.
At that moment, Paul and Becky were driving their car on their way to Alaska. They found a dog-like animal running alongside a man on a bike. As they got closer, they realized that the "dog" was a wolf. Mac heard a large car behind him. He kept waving and shouting as the wolf was catching up closer. And the car did stop in front of him at the right time.
（3）What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to（指代）
A．The wolf. B．The dog. C．The can. D．The cloud.
E
Artificial intelligence（人工智能）, or AI in short, is the science of giving computers and machines ability to think and work like humans. AI scientists and engineers have made a lot of cool technologies.
AI is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. As a result, facial recognition（识别）is used a lot in the world. Chinese police use this technology to identify criminals（罪犯）.Once they caught a criminal when he attended a concert. It also checks the ID of ride-hailing（网约车）drivers and lets people pay for things with a smile.
AI is also used in self-driving cars, which are believed to be the future of driving. Most drivers may wave or nod at passers-by to let them cross the street, but self-driving cars don't have this ability. Carmakers are testing a light signal system to help them "speak" to humans. The system can show what self-driving cars will do. For example, if a driverless car is yielding（让路）, it will flash two white lights side to side. A rapidly flashing light tells passers-by that the car is about to speed up.
Service Robots also show you know powerful AI is. Imagine this—you come back home from school and your robot housekeeper is waiting for you at the door. After dinner, he teaches you to play the piano, just like a real music teacher. Such thoughts will soon happen in the real world. In the future, more and more service robots will become good home helpers.
AI is so powerful that it can help human beings and even replace us in many jobs.
（1）What does the underlined word "identify" mean in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．To let somebody know his mistakes.
B．To come to realize and tell who is who.
C．To take somebody to the police station.
D．To inform somebody of something important.
2019年深圳市中考真题
D
UNNERS’ enthusiasm for the 2018 Shenzhen International Marathon was not diminished even though the sky was overcast yesterday morning, as 30,000 contestants from home and abroad gathered at the Civic Center square at 8 a.m. ready to hit the road.The first runner to cross the finish line was Edwin Kipngetich Koech from Kenya, who finished the full-length marathon (42.195 kilometers) in 2 hours 9 minutes and 44 seconds. Koech took home a prize of US$20,000.
The runner-up prize went to an Ethiopian contestant, Bekele Muluneh Metaferia, who was only 56 seconds faster than the second runner-up, Samuel Ndungu Wanjiku, also from Kenya. Metaferia was awarded US$15,000, while Wanjiku received US$10,000.
The first woman to cross the finish line was Mulu Seboka Seyfu from Ethiopia. She finished in a time of 2 hours 27 minutes and 12 seconds, according to the organizer.Kenyan runner Flomena Chepchirchir Chumba and Ethiopian runner Ashu Kasim Rabo finished in second and third place, respectively.
Evgeny Dekhtyar, a runner from Russia, said he really enjoyed the race and it was the second time that he had participated in the Shenzhen marathon. “The weather is superb for running a marathon because it is neither too cold nor too hot. Also, the views along Shennan Boulevard were beautiful. I really like the route,” said Dekhtyar.
Dekhtyar will also participate in the 2018 Shenzhen Bao’an International Marathon that is scheduled for Dec. 30. “I think a marathon is an amazing carnival in the city. People can exercise, have fun and break their personal records together,” he said.
Apart from the full-length marathon, the half-length marathon also attracted many participants to experience the fun of running. Some wanted to take the opportunity to improve their stamina and strength, while others wanted to enjoy themselves with friends and family.
The underlined word “overcast”in paragraph 1,means____.
A.hot and rainy B.rainy and windy
C.cool and cloudy D.warm and foggy
2020年深圳市中考真题
19．（2020·深圳）阅读理解
When
Chinese people talk about Chinese tea culture today, they won't miss an
important person in Chinese history-Lu Yu, respected as a "Sage of Tea (茶圣)" for his achievements in the Chinese tea culture. He is
best-known for The Classic of Tea, the first work on growing, making and
drinking tea.
Lu
was born in Jingling in 733 A.D.As a child, he became a student of Zou Fuzi.
Thanks to his teacher's guidance, he learnt a lot. He often made tea for
his teacher. He also took care of his fellow students' health using his
knowledge on tea and herbs (草药) .
Lu Yu
often went to the countryside to gather tea leaves and herbs. On one of those
trips, Lu Yu found a spring. The water was quite clear and clean. When Lu made
tea with this spring water, he found the tea tasted better than usual. From
then on, he realized the importance of water quality in making tea.
In
752 A.D, Lu Yu finished his studies and returned to Jingling, where he met Cui
Guofu. Both men shared the same interests in tea, literature (文学) and poetry. They soon became good friends. Since then, the two
spent much time travelling, drinking tea and writing poems together.
This
period was important to Lu Yu as a man of literature. Culi, with his rich
experience and skills in writing, became a coach of Lu. He provided necessary
help with Lu's writing. It was during this time that Lu finally wrote the
amazing work, The Classic of Tea.
（2）What does the underlined word "guidance" in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Help B．Stress C．Protection D．Control
21．（2020·深圳）阅读理解
The
Taojinshan Greenway (绿道) in Shenzhen has been
open to citizens since July, 2019. Sitting at the west side of Shenzhen
Reservoir, it is as long as 7.07 kilometers.
With
plants along both sides and lakes lying at different sites, tourists can enjoy
wonderful scenery all the way. If they are tired, they are free to take a rest
at the 3 stops that were built for breaks. Additionally, five unused guard posts
(岗享) along the old route have remained.
They serve as sightseeing platforms for visitors to feel the cultural spirit
behind the place.
Of
all its 13 scenic spots, 8 were designed to have Al helpers. From them,
visitors can gain information on parking, tour guide services and more. The
smart greenway, with free Wi-Fi available, also provides environmental date,
such as temperature, wind speed and air quality. What's more, it can give
visitors wamings of coming extreme (极端的)
weather and natural disasters, including rainstorms and typhoons that may hit
Shenzhen.
"Started
in the middle of 2015, the building process of the Taojinshan Greenway has
taken good care of de wildlife and environment nearby" said Yang Shiming,
an offcial in charge of the project."
The
greenway is an example of construction projects without doing harm to the
nature. It also shows the role that technology plays in building a smart
greenway for more life convenience."
（2）What does the underlined word "They" in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Views. B．Visitors. C．Stops. D．Guard posts.
2021年深圳市中考真题
（2021·深圳）阅读理解
When I was a girl
growing up, I cannot once ever remember either my mum or my grandma wasting
food.
Anything we didn't eat
at one meal was leftovers (剩菜). I can
remember my grandma making a huge pot of potatoes. We would all eat until we
were full enough, but there were always about half of the potatoes leftover. A
few days later, Grandma would take those potatoes out of the fridge, boil some
noodles, add some vegetables and mix them all together. And I also remember
when I watched my mum fry bacon (煎培根) for us in the mornings,
she would always take the oil carefully and pour it into a bottle. Then she
would use it later to add flavor to so many other dishes. I was an adult before
I realized that potatoes didn't actually taste like bacon!
I learned their
lessons well, and after I grew up, I tried to never waste food myself. I always
planned the week's meals ahead of time and only bought what was on my shopping
list so that nothing went to waste. Every meal went into our stomachs and any
leftovers were later eaten by either myself my boys, my husband or my dogs. To
me, throwing food into the bin was just wrong.
However, when it comes
to living, there are no leftovers. Life is just like a feast. Each moment that you don't live is lost forever. Life
cannot be saved or stored. Each day is a fresh beginning. Live each moment of
your life to the fullest, then.
19．What does the underlined word "feast" in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Sweat dream. B．Large meal.
C．Happy story. D．Beautiful picture.
2022年深圳市中考真题
（2022·深圳）阅读理解
The giant Amazon rainforest in South America has been a mystery for centuries. It holds all kinds of natural wonders. Among them in Colombia, a river stands out as "the most beautiful river" in the world.
Locally called Carnio Cristales, this special river lies in a national park. It is made up of several waterfalls, rapids, and plenty of pools. For most of the year, Canio Cristales looks like a common river: clean, green, and rocky. However, during the short period between September and November, the river explodes(迸发)with life and colour It appears as any mix of colours including blue, green, yellow, orange, and a purplish red. So it is also known as the "River of Five Colours".
Although at first it may appear as if some chemicals were added to the water, this rainbow river is completely natural. Cafio Cristales' colours are the result of a rare (稀有) water plant which needs sunlight to grow. The plants change colour depending on how much sunlight they receive, and the amount is decided by the height and speed of the water. Therefore, it is possible for the plants to be totally colourless if the sunlight is too hard to get. They are a delicate plant. This makes them easily damaged in the water.
Actually, the river faces some problems, including drier seasons, wildlife trouble, waste management, and budget( 预 算 )cuts. In 2007, the park was forced to close because it was over-crowded with tourists. Now the park admits only 200 people a day and requires them to mind their behaviour.
Today, Cano Cristales still shines among Colombia's most popular natural attractions, drawing thousands of tourists every year.
23．What does the underlined word "delicate" in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Special. B．Weak. C．Lively. D．Beautiful.
2023九下·深圳35校联考模拟
（2023九下·深圳模拟） 阅读理解
I believe in the power of inspiration (激励). I like playing basketball. However, when I played in the boy's club, I didn't think I could do well in it. If somebody passed the ball to me, I would quickly pass the ball to another teammate. I dared (敢于)not shoot the ball myself. I was afraid that I would miss the shot and be laughed at by my teammates. I watched basketball games and felt the excitement of the players right after they made the shot."Those
feelings wouldn't be the same,"I thought.
One day, I asked for some advice from my best friend about what team I should join. "Should I try out for basketball or wrestling "She asked,"Don't you love basketball "I sadly replied,"Yeah, but I was never good at it."She looked at me with disbelief,"Yes, you are!"I looked at her skeptically ,"Am I "Then she said these words,"If I love something, I will keep doing what I love to do so that I can get better."Her words inspired me.
I decided to join another club to play basketball. What my friend had said stood in my mind. My teammate passed the ball to me. I received the ball and took a shot. I made it. As soon as I made the shot, I felt the excitement of an NBA player. My successful play was unforgettable. I'll never forget that day.
I believe that everybody has something he or she loves, and inspiration will lead you there if you have trouble. People need to be inspired to find their passion. Their passion will most likely help them to achieve greater things in life, and to be the best people they can be.
17．What does the underlined word"skeptically "in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Angrily. . B．Doubtfully. C．Ashamedly. D．Thankfully.
（2023九下·深圳模拟） 阅读理解
At a logistics(物流) company in Shenzhen, Guangdong, robots have replaced workers in sorting (分拣) goods. They work 30 percent faster and make few mistakes. Millions of robots work day and night like this in factories across China.
In 2022, the number of working industrial (工业的) robots relative to the number of workers reached 322 per 10,000 workers in China, according to the World Robotics 2022 Report by the International Federation of Robotics (IFR). This made China ranked fifth in the world. For the first time, China's ranking went higher than the United States, which ranked ninth.
Robot density(密度) shows the automation(自动化) level in the manufacturing(制造) industry, said Marina Bill, president of the IFR. The new average of global robot density in the manufacturing industry is 141 robots per 10,000 workers.
Robots are playing an important role in making factories smarter and improving the manufacturing industry, according to Tao Yong, a professor of robotics at Beihang University in Beijing. They can help reduce costs and improve efficiency.
"Today's factories, with the help of robots, are more like clever engineers with quick eyes and hands,"Wu Zhijie, who works for the engineering equipment company Sany, told Xinhua.
The progress of the robotics sector (产业 ) mirrors the fast growth of the industrial internet in China.
The country has more than 3,1005G+ industrial internet projects and over 150 platforms with strong influence, according to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The industrial internet covers 45 key sectors, including manufacturing, energy and electricity. Its added value reached 4.13 trillion yuan in 2021.
24．Which of the following word scan replace the underlined word"mirrors "
A．pushes B．takes C．looks D．shows
2023·深圳模拟
（2023·深圳模拟）阅读理解
With an average size of 19 centimeters and an average weight of only 40 grams, the light-vented bulbul (白头鸭) can be found in many Asian countries including South Korea and Vietnam. Recently, it has made China its preferred living place.
The bulbul has a black crown with white patches (白斑) on top and on both cheeks (脸颊). Near its back, the black crown turns into light grey. The grey color mixes with deep smart green feathers that make its wings beautiful. The throat is white which turns grey over the stomach. The tail is long compared with its whole body, covered in deep green feathers.
This lovely bird has got used to living in the human environments. It can be found throughout Shenzhen and even in the most crowded areas of the city. Its special call can be heard all year round. It feeds mainly on fruits, new leaves, and flying insects.
The bulbul is one of the most easily noticed birds in our city. Let's plant more trees and protect the environment to build pleasant habitats for them, so that we, and our children too, can live happily with them in the years to come.
14．What does the underlined word "habitats" in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Farms. B．Fields. C．Homes. D．Squares.
2022·宝安模拟
（2022·宝安模拟）阅读理解
Summer vacation became very boring when my best friends left for summer camp. Getting up later each morning, I was spending more and more time with my smart phone and the TV. But when my mom told me that I couldn't use my smart phone, I felt like I had lost my world. I had nothing to do, circling from room to room all day.
One day, Mom asked me if I would accept a challenge to follow the same ant for ten minutes.
"What's so difficult about that " I asked.
"You might be surprised. " Mom smiled
"Is there a prize for the challenge " I asked.
"Of course. But if you lose, you'll have to do some housework. "
To win the challenge, I needed a special ant so that I could follow him easily. My eyes were fixed on a big ant carrying a leaf. "There he goes, Mom. " She set the timer for 10 minutes.
For the first time, the ant ran all the way to the gate. "Perfect!" I thought. Then, he came to a wide crack（裂缝）, he tried to cross, but failed. Then he disappeared into the grass. My heart sank as I saw myself cleaning the bathroom. Then surprisingly, he climbed out carrying a piece of leaf and was back on his way.
For the last three minutes, he dropped his leaf as if he would disappear again. To my surprise, he placed the leaf across the crack and walked across it to the other side like a bridge. Wow!
Just then, my mom's timer rang. I was lucky to win my prize. But I was mostly encouraged by the ant that actually created its own bridge. Now Mom has allowed me to have my phone, but I learned there is still more other fun in life.
18．What does the underlined sentence mean
A．The writer thought he would win the challenge soon.
B．The writer was upset because he would do housework.
C．The writer was unhappy because he wouldn't get the prize.
D．The writer's heart was beating fast because he felt worried.
2022·福田模拟
（2022·福田模拟）阅读理解
Solar panels（太阳能电池板）are a kind of environmentally-friendly product. They take energy from the sun and turn it into electricity. In many parts of the world, solar panels are used to produce electricity. More and more people have started using solar panels to provide power for their homes.
However, solar panels also have their disadvantages. They can't produce energy all the time and they stop working at night and on rainy days. Then a question comes: Is it possible to make them produce electricity all the time
Scientists at Suzhou University, China, have invented a new solar panel. It can produce electricity not only from solar energy but also from the falling rain. When a raindrop falls on the solar panel and then rolls（滚动）down, it creates friction（摩擦力）on the surface of the panel, which can then be turned into electricity.
Sun Baoquan is one of the inventors. "Our new invention can produce electricity almost in any weather during the day," he says. "It can even provide electricity at night if there is rain. "
The solar panel, however, does not make a lot of electricity from falling rain. So Sun Baoquan is still working hard to improve it. The scientist also wants to make solar panels more flexible, which can be as soft as clothing. Solar energy is a kind of clean, safe and cheap energy. The field of solar energy is developing fast. Scientists around the world have been improving solar panels. Some have been working on ways to join solar panels and wind power together. Some have been trying to use sunlight to produce liquid（液体的）and gas fuels. They hope they can serve people better with more green energy.
23．What does the underlined word "flexible" most probably mean
A．Colorful. B．Practical. C．Beautiful. D．Changeable.
2021·光明模拟
（2021·光明模拟）阅读理解
[1] Ye Jiaying, also known as Florence Yeh, was selected as one of the ten role models who won 2020 Touching China awards, a program by the CCTV.
[2]Ye Jiaying was born into a family of scholars in July 1924 in Beijing. As an expert in the study of classical Chinese literature (文学), she started her lifelong career as a literature teacher in 1945 when she graduated from Fu Jen Catholic University, which later became part of Beijing Normal University.
[3]In 1948, towards the end of the Chinese civil war, Ye and her husband moved to Taiwan. She gained popularity in Taiwan. With students speaking .highly of her teaching, she was recruited by Taiwan University, Fu Jen University and Tamkang University to teach Chinese literature.
[4]In 1966, the couple moved to the United States, where Ye first taught Chinese poetry at Michigan State University and then at Harvard University. Later, they moved to Canada and she worked as a tenured professor at the University of Columbia in Canada.
[5] Beginning in 1979, Ye began spending summers teaching at various Chinese colleges, including famous universities such as Beijing University, Nankai University and Fudan University. She offered her services for free and paid her own travel expenses (开销).She believes that her teaching is the best gift she can offer to the country and later generations.
[6] In 2013,she went back to China and worked in Nankai University. She has settled down in Tianjin since then. The university announced that Ye had donated 18.57 million yuan ($2.8 million) to the college to set up the Jiaying Scholarship.
[7]According to the speech which explained why she won the 2020 Touching China awards, Ye Jiaying devoted herself to teaching Chinese poems. She only did one thing in her life: bringing the beauty of ancient Chinese poetry to the world.
17．The word "recruited" in Paragraph 3 cam be replaced by ________________.
A．refused B．required C．employed D．challenged
2022·光明模拟
（2022·光明模拟）阅读理解
I always carry a Rubik's Cube（魔方）in my backpack and I'm really good at solving it quickly. I usually ask people to try it first. They turn the cube over in their hands, make a few moves and then shyly hand it back—they don't even know where to begin.
That's exactly what it was like for me to learn how to read because I am dyslexic（有阅读障碍的）. It's awkward to admit this, I still couldn't always spell my full name correctly when I was ten, in grade four.
Solving the Rubik's Cube has made me realize that sometimes you have to take a few steps backward in order to move forward. When I was in grade five, I had to leave public school and started a new life at a school for students who are dyslexic. I spent the next four years learning how to read, which later allowed me to return to high school with the ability to communicate and my ideas and express my intelligence.
The Rubik's Cube also taught me that to work out something big, it helps to break it down into smaller pieces. I learned that it's important to spend a lot of time thinking, to try to find connections of each part. I believe that there are surprises around the corner.
Like a difficult text or sometimes like life itself, the Rubik's Cube can be a big puzzle. So I carry one in my backpack as a reminder that I can achieve my goals, no matter what difficulty I may face.
16．What does the underlined word "awkward" probably mean
A．Embarrassing. B．Necessary. C．Impossible. D．Important.
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