押上海卷67-70题
阅读六选四
【题型解读】
六选四题型 ( 即：选句填空) 是2017年上海英语高考卷新增的阅读题型。类似的题型在全国新课标卷和其他地区的高考题中出现过，只不过选项数量更多，为七选五。
从定义出发，六选四即从六个句子中选取四个填入文中适当位置，具体呈现方式为：给出一篇缺少4个句子的语篇，对应有6个句子选项，其中2个为干扰项。要求学生根据文章结构和内容,选出恰当的句子, 填入文中相应的空白处。
从命题特点来看, 其一本题型所选文本长度一般为250到400字；其二，所选体裁内容参考课程标准, 涵盖课程标准规定中的所有的话题,可读性强；其三, 文本文体不限，一般以说明文或议论文居多。
从考核目标来看，此题型旨在就文章的整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑意思的掌握对学生进行考查。换言之, 即考查学生对文章的理解，包括全文主旨大意、作者写作态度和意图、各段大意、各段或各句之间的内在逻辑关联等等。
由于本题型的特点和考核目标，四个选项空格在文中的位置分布通常可放在段首、段中、段尾等。所选句子类型一般分为三个类型：语篇的主旨句（概括文章或段落的主旨大意），主要用来考查考生对文章整体内容的理解情况；段落的主题句或段与段之间的过渡句，主要为了考查考生对文章结构的把握程度；注释性句子（起到解释上下文逻辑关系或细化上下文的作用），目的是考查考生上下文逻辑的梳理能力。
【答题点津】
新题型“六选四”是属于阅读理解考核板块的一部分。基于考线对于该题型的考核目标定位“能理解
段落之间的逻辑关系”目的是在选择适当的内容后，语篇能连贯通顺并无语法错误（make the pass coherent and grammatically correct），我们在操练和答题过程中要有的放矢地培养自己的“全文意识”。
很多考生觉得这一题型特别难，那是因为考生在阅读时候更多地关注了句子面忽略了对段落和语篇的体理解，导致对句子之间或段落之间的逻辑关系敏感度很低，精准判别能力相对较差。
考生在答题时，要尤其关注以下四个注意点：
要注意把握和理解语篇的话题、体裁和篇章结构。
通常建议考生在解题最初能花半分钟时间快速浏览所给文章, 尤其是一些语篇有标题和子标题等。这有利于考生整体把握文章内容和结构，为之后的选择提供重要依据。
要注意观察挖空句在文中所在的位置。
挖空的位置往往能对应不同的考核点，考生通常可以通过位置思考该空的考点：考核的是主旨、细节还是过渡句等。如：处于段首或小标题位置的空格，往往是主题句的考核；而处于某一段落结尾处的空格，则可能是总结句或者是承上启下句。
要注意上下文比对后找出相关词汇的对应。
语篇是一个整体，选项中的句子与文本中的信息存在着千丝万缕的关系，往往会出现一些词表明指代、同词、同义或近义词等关系。通过对这些相关词汇或信息的观察、聚焦和匹配，有助于考生做出正确、合理的选择。
要注意挖掘段落或句子之间的逻辑关系。
语篇中往往存在一些标志性词汇，可以帮助考生梳理文章脉络，确定各段落之间、段落内部和句子之间的逻辑关系。如：叙事类文章中的时间空间发展顺序(soon, then, later, after that...)、论述类文章中常用的证法(for example, for instance..)、对比法(however, in contrast, by comparison...)、因果法(as a result, therefore, because of that...)等等。
1．【2023年6月上海英语高考真题】
A flexible schedule allows students to work whenever and wherever they learn best. B. Even postgraduate students have the opportunity to take advantage of a competitive program. C. It's clear to see how homeschooling, even if done primarily online , isn't the same as online learning. D. There may have been limited resources available when the homeschooling movement was fist adopted. E. One of the main differences between online school and home school is that online schools still employ teachers. F. Many misconceptions may continue to build around the two, including mistaking a stake of digitized worksheets for online classrooms.
The Difference Between Homeschooling and Schooling at Home
Homeschooling is not a new concept, Families have chosen this as a primary source of education for decades. Whether they live in a remote urea, travel often, or believe they can provide a more stable education for their children, parents chose to take control of their child's education by providing it at home.
(67)__________ Parents relied on workbooks and other printed materials to supplement their lessons, Today, there aren't only more tangible resources, but there's also help in the form of tutoring centers and homeschooling pods --- where a group of homeschooled children get together to learn as a class.
While the idea of homeschooling may not be as foreign as it once was, it's still centered around replacing the teacher with a parent or guardian, Some parents who choose to homeschool may be former teachers , which makes the process a little easier, but it still may not be enough in certain areas.
(68)______________When many districts were forced to conduct school online , teachers(68)dove in to learn how to navigate various learning management systems, There are a number of online charter schools who are already familiar with these platforms and use them to assign and track student work and progress, Even with an asynchronous learning model, Laurel Springs School teachers are available during office hours to answer questions and may hold various Classes for additional learning support.
Similar to homeschooling , online school is based around a student's individualized learning journey. (69 )________ This allows them time lo pursue other passions and develop a more independent outlook by taking ownership of their education
To take it a few steps further, accredited online schools, like Laurel Springs, support this leaning journey with a diverse K-l2 curriculum and instructional support. There are options for,more rigorous instruction through Honors and Ap courses. The Academy at Laurel Springs Laurel delivers an exceptional education for intellectually curious scholars. ( 70 )__________ Laurel Springs is also staffed with an impeccable counseling team, guiding Upper School students through their learning journey along a path to achieve their personal and professional goals. You can't get all of this through a homeschool program, unless you consult with a wide variety of other organizations.
【答案】67-70 DEAB
【导读】这篇文章讨论了家庭自教育和在线学校之间的区别。家庭自教育侧重于父母代替教师进行教育，而在线学校提供更多个性化学习的机会。文章还提到在线学校提供认证课程和指导，而家庭自教育则需要额外咨询其他组织。
67.D 【解析】句意;当家庭教育运动首次被采用时，可用的资源可能有限。结合该空之后提及的 Parents relied on workbooks and other printed materials to supplement their lessons. 可矢”,此处提及的内容与教育资源相关，D项提到了教育资源，故选D。
68. E【解析】句意:在线学校和家庭学校的主要区别之一是在线学校仍然雇用教师。根据该段内容可知，这里主要讲述了教师参与在线教学的一些情况，E项提及了“教师”这一角色故选E。
69.A【解析】句意:灵活的时间表允许学生随时随地学习。结合该空前提及的Similar to homeschooling, online school is based around a student's individualized learning journey.可知,此处提及了学生的个性化学习,故推知该空与学生个性化学习带来的好处相关,A项符合文意能够衔接该段内容，故选A。
70.B【解析】句意:即使是研究生也有机会利用竞争激烈的课程。根据该段相关内容可知，该段主要介绍的是经过认证的在线教育学校提供的教育课程，以及这些课程的价值，B项与评价课程价值有一定关系，故选B。
2．【2022年7月上海英语高考真题】
A But studying the chimpanzees of Gombe was not easy. B. Until that time, only humans were thought to create tools. C.These observations disprove the widely held belief that chimpanzees are vegetarian. D. So she learns to be a secretary and works for a time at Oxford University typing documents. E.However Jane loves the toy and names the chimpanzee Jubilee carting it with her everywhere. F. Some scholars and scientists give lane a cold reception and criticize her for giving the chimpanzees names.
When Leakey and lane begin a shady of wild chimpanzees on the shore of Lake Tanganyika, British authorities resist the idea of a young woman living among wild animals in Africa. They finally agree to Leakey’s proposal when Jane’s mother Vanne volunteers to accompany her daughter for the first three months.
On July 14. 1960, Jane and Vanne arrived on the shores of Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve in western Tanzania.
(67)_____________ The animals fed from Jane in fear. With patience and determination she researched the forest every day, deliberately trying not to get too close to the chimpanzees too soon. Gradually the chimpanzees accepted her presence.
Jane observes meat-eating for the first time October 30, 196l. Later, she sees the chimpanzees hunt for meat. (68) _______________
On November 4,1961 . Jane observes David Greybeard and Goliath making tools to extract termites (白蚁)
from their mounds. They would select a thin branch from a tree , strip the leaves and push the branch into the termite mound. After a few seconds they would pull out the termite-covered stick and pick off the tasty termites with their lips.
This becomes one of Jane's most important discoveries. (69)_________ On hearing of Jane's observation, Leakey famously says: “ Now we must redefine tool, redefine man, or accept chimpanzees as humans.”
Jane's work in Gombe becomes more widely known and in 1962 she is accepted at Cambridge University as a PhD candidate, one of very few people to be admitted without a university degree. (70 )________ “It would have been more scientific to give the numbers", they say.
Jane has lo defend an idea that might now seem obvious: that chimpanzees have emotions, minds and personalities.
Jane in Africa National Geographic decides to sponsor Jane's work and sends photographer and filmmaker Hugo van Lawick to document Jane's life in Gombe. In August 1963, Jane publishes her first article in National Geographic ,“My Life Among Wild Chimpanzees.”
【答案】67-70 ACBF
67.A【解析】句意:但研究贡贝的黑猩猩并不容易。根据上文提及的相关内容可知.Leakey and Jane 开始了对黑猩猩的研究，再结合该空之后提及的相关内容可推知，此处在讲述Jane 在研究过程中遇到的问题，结合相关选项分析，A项表述的内容能够承接上下文，故选入
68.C【解析】句意:这些观察结果推翻了人们普遍认为黑猩猩是素食者的观点。结合该空前提及的lane observes meal-eating for the first time October 30,1961. Later, she sees the chimpanzees hunt for meat可知,此处提及了黑猩猩的饮食情况结合相关选项分析，C项提及了关于“推翻黑猩猩是素食主义者”的观点，这一表述与上文提及的黑猩猩吃肉内容相符，故选C。
69 B【解析】句意:直到那时，人们认为只有人类才能创造工具。结合上段提及的关于黑猩猩借助树枝来享用白蚁的行为，以及该空之后提及的 On hearing of Jane's observation, Leakey famously says: "Now we must redefine tool, redefine Man, or accept chimpanzees as humans.”可推知，该空处讲述的内容与“工具制造”相关,结合选项分析，B项提到了创造工具这一说法，故选B。
70.F【解析】句意:一些学者和科学家对简冷淡，并批评她给黑猩猩取了名字。结合该空前提及的内容可知，此处在讲述简所取得的成就获得的荣誉，而该空后提及的相关内容则是表达了对简做法的一种反对观点表述。结合相关选项分析，这些人应该是反对者，F项的相关表述提到了相关学者和科学家对简态度和批评观点，故选F。
【结构衔接——根据空格的位置判断】
1.若空格句出现在段首，则通常是段落主题句或承接上段的衔接句。
这句往往是对下面整个段落内容的概括和总结，反映整个段落的主旨和大意认真阅。读后文内容，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。
2.若空格句在段尾，则多属总结本段内容的总结句或引出下一段内容的过渡句。
A：在选项中看能否找到对前文整段的总结句。如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in aword等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
B：与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题。
3.若空格句在段中，则需根据空格前后的句子内容及逻辑关系来确定答案。
【逻辑衔接——根据前后文逻辑关系判断】
1：因果关系(Eg:As a result/ thus/therefore/so (such)…)
因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。
2:转折关系(Eg: However/nevertheless/nonetheless/though/yet/in spite of/on the contrary/in contrast/by contrast/ in comparison/otherwise/not...but)
转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。
3：并列关系 (Eg: first/second/third/to begin with/to conclude)
并列关系主要指前后的句子间是平等的关系，可以互换位置。
4：递进关系(Eg: also/ furthermore/ similarly/ moreover/ in addition/what’s more）
递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层
进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。
5:例证关系(Eg: such as /for examples/One of the examples is …)
前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。
【词汇衔接——从词汇关系上判断】
1.代词
英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例如it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子;these 或those指代前句的复数名词。
2.同义词/反义词
英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。
3.同一范畴词（上下义词）
上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。
【2024·宝山区·二模】
Afterward, he sold over 200,000 CDs and his popularity rising. Rather, it was part of one of André Rieu's amazing concerts. As a result, Rieu became a house-hold name and won great popularity. Yet his shows consist of an extensive variety of musical genres and performances. Then, Rieu continued his style until he got his nickname. From early on, Rieu knew what he wanted - his own orchestra.
Mary Poppins held on to her famous black umbrella while floating overhead and singing "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious." The audience watched in amazement, and many sang along! Poppins floated for a bit and eventually landed in the midst of the excited crowd before getting on stage. No, this wasn't a scene from a Disney movie. 67
His background helps explain his passion for music. The world-renowned violinist and conductor was born into a musical family in October 1949 in Maastricht, Netherlands. He began learning to play the violin at age five and immediately fell in love with the instrument!
68 He started by creating a small ensemble (乐团). Then in 1978, Rieu established the Maastricht Salon Orchestra, from which he later developed the Johann Strauss Orchestra.
They had limited success until 1995 when Rieu was asked to provide entertainment for a soccer game. He got the entire stadium to sing along to a popular waltz. 69
Today Rieu is the best-selling classical artist worldwide. He has sold in the ballpark of an astonishing 40 million records. He is the biggest male solo touring artist on the planet. His concerts sell more tickets than Beyoncé and Bruce Springsteen!
Many classical concerts are serious events, but Rieu's are the opposite. He's been nicknamed "The King of the Waltz" because he loves waltzes. 70 Rieu says, "I love Johann Strauss, but I am also fascinated by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Bruce Springsteen."
His shows are attended by people of all ages and always include surprises, like the delightful appearance by Mary Poppins. As Rieu says,"I only play music that touched my heart. And I know when it touches my heart, it will touch your heart." During his performances, many audience members are visibly moved. They often clap, sing, dance, laugh, weep or hug one another. Rieu promises his audience, "You will have an evening that you will never forget."And he is true to his word.
【答案】67-70 BFAD
【2024·崇明区·二模】
The drug works by clearing away some of the amyloid protein. The large study followed middle-aged and older adults for 20 years. Knowledge of the timing of these events is critical for preventing Alzheimer’s.
The new findings show the order of such biomarker changes common to age-related Alzheimer’s. The higher levels were recorded as much as 18 years before the patients were identified as having Alzheimer’s. The researchers compared 648 people who were later found with Alzheimer’s to an equal number who remained healthy.
Large Study Details Years of Brain Changes in Alzheimer’s Patients
A long-term study in China has shown that a series of changes take place in the brains of people who get Alzheimer’s disease long before they present signs of the sickness.
67 The individuals were examined on a regular basis during that period. The researchers used brain imaging, spinal fluid (脊髓液) checks and other tools to collect data.
The researchers reported that the study subjects who later developed Alzheimer’s showed high levels of disease-linked protein in their spinal fluid. 68 Then every few years, the study detected another so-called biomarker of coming trouble.
Scientists still do not know exactly how Alzheimer’s forms. The disease slowly destroys the brain, affecting the ability to think. Alzheimer’s patients develop proteins called beta-amyloid and tau, which over time build up into plaques (斑块) that block brain processes. The new research, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, offers a timeline for how these proteins develop.
Scientists already knew that in rare, genetic forms of Alzheimer’s that affect young people, a poisonous form of amyloid starts developing about 20 years ahead of symptoms. At some point after that, tau develops as well. 69
“The more we know about Alzheimer’s treatment targets and when to address them, the better and faster we will be able to develop new therapies and preventions,” said Claire Sexton, director of scientific programs with the Alzheimer's Association. She noted that blood tests are coming soon that promise to also help by making it easier to find amyloid and tau.
More than 6 million Americans, and millions more worldwide, have Alzheimer’s. There is no cure. But last year, Leqembi became the first approved drug that could slow the worsening of early Alzheimer’s for a few months. 70 Other drugs are being developed to target tau.
【答案】67. B 68. E 69. D 70. A
【2024·虹口区·二模】
And so, what once took your breath away becomes part of life’s furniture. But could it be that many of our lives are already better than we recognize Habituation to the good drives you to move forward and progress. But if we can make the constant less so, our attention will naturally turn back to it. Rather than focus on how to see our life better, we need to learn to better our life. The good news is that you can dishabituate.
Your Life Is Better Than You Think
The undeniable popularity of self-help books, wellness podcasts, and happiness workshops reflects the constant human desire to make life better. 67
While we may have a loving family, a good place to live, and a decent job, we often fail to notice those things. It’s not because we are ungrateful or stupid, but it’s because of a basic feature of our brain, known as habituation.
Habituation is the tendency of neurons to fire less and less in response to things that are constant. You enter a room filled with roses and after a short while, you cannot detect their scent any longer; and just as you get used to the smell of fresh flowers, you also get used to a loving relationship, to a promotion, to a nice home, to a wonderful work of art. Like the front page of a daily newspaper, your brain cares about what recently changed, not about what remained the same. 68 You habituate to it—you fail to notice and respond to elements of your life which you previously found amazing.
69 That is, you can suddenly start perceiving and responding to things to which you have become desensitized.
The key is taking small breaks from your daily life. For example, when people return home from a long business trip, they often find their old life has “reshined.” Ordinary things suddenly seem amazing. If something is constant, we often assume (perhaps unconsciously) that it is there to stay, and as a result, we focus our attention and effort on the next thing on our list. 70 If it is good at its core, it may just reshine. This is why time away, however short, will enable you to perceive your life with fresh eyes—and to break up reality.
【答案】67-70: BAFD
【2024·金山区·二模】
A. Young consumers no longer blindly chase trendy or luxury items.
B. They excel in using mobile devices and social media for getting information.
C. Their tendency to pay much leads to the development of products and services. D. Their changing behaviors in consumption have promoted high-quality products.
E. In fact, young people are slowly becoming the main force in the consumer market. F. They are willing to pay for products with unique features and innovative services.
The young lead new trends in consumption market
With the post-1990 generation becoming a vibrant (充满活力的) force in society and the post-2000 generation gradually entering the workforce, the purchasing power of the new generation of consumers has been steadily growing.
(67) _______________________ Growing up in the internet era, the young consumers generally have higher education levels and a broader global outlook, and come from a relatively strong economic background. As such, their consumption behavior is different from that of the earlier generations.
In terms of consumption pattern, online shopping has become the top choice for young people. Young people not only comprise a comparatively high percentage of internet users but also tend to shop online. (68) _______________________ This makes them easily influenced by product promotions and influencers on social media.
And yet a trend toward rational consumption has been growing rapidly over the past few years. (69) _______________________ Instead, they focus more on product quality and functionality. They tend to compare products and services, and do some research before making purchasing decisions, in order to get the best out of their purchase. According to a study conducted by the Social Survey Center of China Youth Daily, 90.1 percent of the 1,000 young respondents said their consumption decision is based on the “spending where necessary and saving where possible” principle. Besides, young consumers seek more personalized and diversified products, reflecting their emotional needs and increasing sense of self-worth. (70) _____________________
When it comes to brand cognition, young consumers seem to favor domestic products. Thanks to information online, young consumers no longer blindly pursue foreign brands and instead prefer local brands, highlighting their confidence in Chinese-made products. From Li-Ning, Anta to Warrior shoes, domestic brands in various fields are being warmly welcomed by young consumers.
【答案】EBAF
【2024·闵行区·二模】
A. Such media doesn’t just entertain. B. You can easily pick out the differences among your siblings. C. As we journey through adulthood, it’s crucial to reflect on its impact. D. Media exposure during childhood impacts each child in distinct ways. E. Additionally, media have proven to have long-term effects on individuals. F. However, our mental and physical states may not be adequately equipped to handle it.
Childhood Media Shaping Futures
Much of the media we consume during our formative years shapes us into the people we are today. Reflect on a particular piece of media from our childhood—perhaps it’s the TV show we eagerly awaited every weekend during visits to our grandmother’s house. 67 It shapes our dreams and fears and even drives us to future careers.
68 Older children may have had a lot more restrictions, like TV shows, movies, and social media access. And because of these, they were able to be a child for longer compared to their siblings (兄弟姐妹). Children who have older siblings tend to show more mature tendencies and can appear to “grow up quicker” than other children their age.
While they might have been restricted from social media accounts until a certain age, once given access, they tend to be more prepared. The media exposure of our generation has undoubtedly led to an increased maturation at younger ages. 69 9
Simply looking back at previous generations and the rate of consumption and processing of information that we experience every day, the effects of such are only beginning. As soon-to-be or current adults, we are already facing issues such as depression, anxiety, and delays in certain learning and social skills, just to name a few. Are we “more mature ” or are we overexposed and at risk for exceptional mental, physical, and emotional consequences
In conclusion, childhood media consumption significantly influences our lives. 70
Striking a balance between media exposure and mental well-being is essential for our growth in today’s media-rich world.
【答案】67. A 68. D 69. F 70. C
【2024·浦东新区·二模】
A. Nevertheless, confidence plays a significant role in determining the effectiveness of fear-based motivation strategies. B. However, if students are not confident, then fear-based approaches could trigger feelings of anxiety. C. Leaders, managers, and teachers have often used one of these ideas to inspire people to work harder and achieve more. D. Taken together, these studies show that fear-based motivation is complicated. E. They may be inspired to learn new things that will help their business or find mentors who can support them. F. But does this motivate or discourage business people Again, it’s not straightforward.
What motivates you to work or study harder Is it the thought of success and all the amazing things that you can achieve, or is it the fear of failure and worry about all the things that can go wrong for you _____67_____ But is one better than the other
A recent study looked at the effect of fear-based strategies on British secondary school students. As is so often the case, it’s complicated. They found that if a test is seen as important, and students are optimistic that they can succeed, then the fear of failure can be used successfully by teachers to motivate these learners. _____68_____ It can in turn lead them to do worse on the test than they would have done otherwise. The study also found that if students are disengaged and don’t care about the test in the first place, then, unsurprisingly, the fear of failure is not likely to motivate them.
Entrepreneurs often run the risk of failure. It’s a fact that most new companies will fail. _____69_____ The personal consequences of failure can be significant, and so founders may be motivated to work harder to avoid them. A study carried out on British and Canadian entrepreneurs found that fear of failure can improve problem solving, as people are motivated to anticipate and resolve potential issues. However, the study also showed that it can lead to increased procrastination as people focus too much on what they personally fear, rather than what would be best for the business. If someone is less confident about their business idea, then they may find their decision-making negatively affected by their fears.
_____70_____ It can drive confident people to do better, but it can also increase our doubts and turn them into barriers.
【答案】67-70 CBFD
【2024·普陀区·二模】
A. When Han Yu came to Chaozhou, he was 51 years old. B. Han Yu was a Confucian figure, and there are many stories about him in Chaozhou. C. Although Han Yu’s ideas had no obvious practical effect at the time, they had a great impact on society decades later. D. Built in the Song dynasty, the shrine is the oldest and best preserved monument to Han Yu, one of the greatest literary men in the Tang dynasty. E. To memorize what he had contributed to the development of Chaozhou, people constructed this shrine and named him Hanwengong respectfully. F. There are so many tourists that, to relieve the pressure on the monuments, the scenic spot requires that a maximum of 500 people visit at a time.
Hanwengong Shrine
Now we come to Hanwengong Shrine, which is beside Hangjiang river and west of Bijia mountain. (67) __________ In the square in front of the hall, an ancient book-shaped stone is carved with two famous sayings of Han Yu on it, meaning hard work is the precondition for success, and deep thought is the guarantee of success.
In the year of A.D. 819, for some political reason, Han Yu was exiled(流放) to Chaozhou, a backland at that time. But he was not depressed by this, and he helped local people to develop education, agriculture, irrigation and release slaves. (68) ____________
The shrine was built against the mountain and divided into two parts, the front part and the back part. Now we play a small game: count the stone steps, and later I’ll tell you a secret. How many steps are there Yes, 51 steps! Why (69) ___________ The first time Han Yu came to Chaozhou, he was impressed by the beautiful scenery and hospitality of local people. You see that old tree People say the more flowers in the tree, the more well-educated students are. But in Qing Dynasty, this magic tree, planted by Han Yu himself, died, so people planted this tree instead.
(70) __________ Here is one: when Han Yu was living in Chaozhou, there was a very fierce and cruel crocodile in the Hanjiang river, which was a big social harm. One day, Han Yu drafted a statement against the crocodile and made it public by the river. Incredibly, from the next day on, the crocodile was gone. Later, the
statue, made of a portrait of Han Yu, was built and his words were left on the monument to mark his achievements.
【答案】67-70 D E A B
【2024·松江区·二模】
A．Labeling poses even more of a problem when it comes to kids. B．It can be helpful for those not quite able to understand why they feel the way they do. C．There seems to be a desire to see negative emotions as something requiring intervention or diagnosis. D．Labeling leads to children’s overcoming their addiction to what is posted online. E．Someone has had only a certain experience and judges all behavior with that experience. F．The basic function of a diagnosis is to give you a name for those behaviors once felt unusual.
Addiction to Labeling
Maybe you’ve noticed it in the comments section of popular social media posts about anxiety. depression or things alike, with a number of people claiming to pick these labels for themselves.
These days, labeling is everywhere. （67） ______ However, the negative part is that it’s easy for someone to identify with the characteristics without truly recognizing the context in which these characteristics would require diagnosis, according to Charlotte Armitage, a registered integrative psychotherapist and psychologist.
If you have done your research and genuinely feel that you have some form of mental health concern, then finally having a name for your behaviors can be great. But the risk is that many people will seek labels and intervention for any behavior, pattern or emotion that is outside of the permanent happy group that society has set as the norm. “（68） ______ Then the saying ‘a little bit of knowledge is dangerous’ springs to my mind,” Armitage adds.
（69） ______“Children are still developing and evolving, and many childhood behavioral features may seem like those of a disorder when there’re other potential explanations for that behavior,” Armitage notes. Ideally, a diagnosis for a child should be carried out by a qualified mental health professional. So it is with an adult.
Nevertheless, the most important thing to bear in mind is that diagnosis doesn’t mean to indicate that you are broken or less capable.（70） ______ And if you go deeper, it can alert you to the fact that you are not alone, and that many people experience life in the same way as you do.
【答案】67-70 BEAF押上海卷67-70题
阅读六选四
【题型解读】
六选四题型 ( 即：选句填空) 是2017年上海英语高考卷新增的阅读题型。类似的题型在全国新课标卷和其他地区的高考题中出现过，只不过选项数量更多，为七选五。
从定义出发，六选四即从六个句子中选取四个填入文中适当位置，具体呈现方式为：给出一篇缺少4个句子的语篇，对应有6个句子选项，其中2个为干扰项。要求学生根据文章结构和内容,选出恰当的句子, 填入文中相应的空白处。
从命题特点来看, 其一本题型所选文本长度一般为250到400字；其二，所选体裁内容参考课程标准, 涵盖课程标准规定中的所有的话题,可读性强；其三, 文本文体不限，一般以说明文或议论文居多。
从考核目标来看，此题型旨在就文章的整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑意思的掌握对学生进行考查。换言之, 即考查学生对文章的理解，包括全文主旨大意、作者写作态度和意图、各段大意、各段或各句之间的内在逻辑关联等等。
由于本题型的特点和考核目标，四个选项空格在文中的位置分布通常可放在段首、段中、段尾等。所选句子类型一般分为三个类型：语篇的主旨句（概括文章或段落的主旨大意），主要用来考查考生对文章整体内容的理解情况；段落的主题句或段与段之间的过渡句，主要为了考查考生对文章结构的把握程度；注释性句子（起到解释上下文逻辑关系或细化上下文的作用），目的是考查考生上下文逻辑的梳理能力。
【答题点津】
新题型“六选四”是属于阅读理解考核板块的一部分。基于考线对于该题型的考核目标定位“能理解
段落之间的逻辑关系”目的是在选择适当的内容后，语篇能连贯通顺并无语法错误（make the pass coherent and grammatically correct），我们在操练和答题过程中要有的放矢地培养自己的“全文意识”。
很多考生觉得这一题型特别难，那是因为考生在阅读时候更多地关注了句子面忽略了对段落和语篇的体理解，导致对句子之间或段落之间的逻辑关系敏感度很低，精准判别能力相对较差。
考生在答题时，要尤其关注以下四个注意点：
要注意把握和理解语篇的话题、体裁和篇章结构。
通常建议考生在解题最初能花半分钟时间快速浏览所给文章, 尤其是一些语篇有标题和子标题等。这有利于考生整体把握文章内容和结构，为之后的选择提供重要依据。
要注意观察挖空句在文中所在的位置。
挖空的位置往往能对应不同的考核点，考生通常可以通过位置思考该空的考点：考核的是主旨、细节还是过渡句等。如：处于段首或小标题位置的空格，往往是主题句的考核；而处于某一段落结尾处的空格，则可能是总结句或者是承上启下句。
要注意上下文比对后找出相关词汇的对应。
语篇是一个整体，选项中的句子与文本中的信息存在着千丝万缕的关系，往往会出现一些词表明指代、同词、同义或近义词等关系。通过对这些相关词汇或信息的观察、聚焦和匹配，有助于考生做出正确、合理的选择。
要注意挖掘段落或句子之间的逻辑关系。
语篇中往往存在一些标志性词汇，可以帮助考生梳理文章脉络，确定各段落之间、段落内部和句子之间的逻辑关系。如：叙事类文章中的时间空间发展顺序(soon, then, later, after that...)、论述类文章中常用的证法(for example, for instance..)、对比法(however, in contrast, by comparison...)、因果法(as a result, therefore, because of that...)等等。
1．【2023年6月上海英语高考真题】
A flexible schedule allows students to work whenever and wherever they learn best. B. Even postgraduate students have the opportunity to take advantage of a competitive program. C. It's clear to see how homeschooling, even if done primarily online , isn't the same as online learning. D. There may have been limited resources available when the homeschooling movement was fist adopted. E. One of the main differences between online school and home school is that online schools still employ teachers. F. Many misconceptions may continue to build around the two, including mistaking a stake of digitized worksheets for online classrooms.
The Difference Between Homeschooling and Schooling at Home
Homeschooling is not a new concept, Families have chosen this as a primary source of education for decades. Whether they live in a remote urea, travel often, or believe they can provide a more stable education for their children, parents chose to take control of their child's education by providing it at home.
(67)__________ Parents relied on workbooks and other printed materials to supplement their lessons, Today, there aren't only more tangible resources, but there's also help in the form of tutoring centers and homeschooling pods --- where a group of homeschooled children get together to learn as a class.
While the idea of homeschooling may not be as foreign as it once was, it's still centered around replacing the teacher with a parent or guardian, Some parents who choose to homeschool may be former teachers , which makes the process a little easier, but it still may not be enough in certain areas.
(68)______________When many districts were forced to conduct school online , teachers(68)dove in to learn how to navigate various learning management systems, There are a number of online charter schools who are already familiar with these platforms and use them to assign and track student work and progress, Even with an asynchronous learning model, Laurel Springs School teachers are available during office hours to answer questions and may hold various Classes for additional learning support.
Similar to homeschooling , online school is based around a student's individualized learning journey. (69 )________ This allows them time lo pursue other passions and develop a more independent outlook by taking ownership of their education
To take it a few steps further, accredited online schools, like Laurel Springs, support this leaning journey with a diverse K-l2 curriculum and instructional support. There are options for,more rigorous instruction through Honors and Ap courses. The Academy at Laurel Springs Laurel delivers an exceptional education for intellectually curious scholars. ( 70 )__________ Laurel Springs is also staffed with an impeccable counseling team, guiding Upper School students through their learning journey along a path to achieve their personal and professional goals. You can't get all of this through a homeschool program, unless you consult with a wide variety of other organizations.
2．【2022年7月上海英语高考真题】
A But studying the chimpanzees of Gombe was not easy. B. Until that time, only humans were thought to create tools. C.These observations disprove the widely held belief that chimpanzees are vegetarian. D. So she learns to be a secretary and works for a time at Oxford University typing documents. E.However Jane loves the toy and names the chimpanzee Jubilee carting it with her everywhere.
F. Some scholars and scientists give lane a cold reception and criticize her for giving the chimpanzees names.
When Leakey and lane begin a shady of wild chimpanzees on the shore of Lake Tanganyika, British authorities resist the idea of a young woman living among wild animals in Africa. They finally agree to Leakey’s proposal when Jane’s mother Vanne volunteers to accompany her daughter for the first three months.
On July 14. 1960, Jane and Vanne arrived on the shores of Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve in western Tanzania.
(67)_____________ The animals fed from Jane in fear. With patience and determination she researched the forest every day, deliberately trying not to get too close to the chimpanzees too soon. Gradually the chimpanzees accepted her presence.
Jane observes meat-eating for the first time October 30, 196l. Later, she sees the chimpanzees hunt for meat. (68) _______________
On November 4,1961 . Jane observes David Greybeard and Goliath making tools to extract termites (白蚁)
from their mounds. They would select a thin branch from a tree , strip the leaves and push the branch into the termite mound. After a few seconds they would pull out the termite-covered stick and pick off the tasty termites with their lips.
This becomes one of Jane's most important discoveries. (69)_________ On hearing of Jane's observation, Leakey famously says: “ Now we must redefine tool, redefine man, or accept chimpanzees as humans.”
Jane's work in Gombe becomes more widely known and in 1962 she is accepted at Cambridge University as a PhD candidate, one of very few people to be admitted without a university degree. (70 )________ “It would have been more scientific to give the numbers", they say.
Jane has lo defend an idea that might now seem obvious: that chimpanzees have emotions, minds and personalities.
Jane in Africa National Geographic decides to sponsor Jane's work and sends photographer and filmmaker Hugo van Lawick to document Jane's life in Gombe. In August 1963, Jane publishes her first article in National Geographic ,“My Life Among Wild Chimpanzees.”
【结构衔接——根据空格的位置判断】
1.若空格句出现在段首，则通常是段落主题句或承接上段的衔接句。
这句往往是对下面整个段落内容的概括和总结，反映整个段落的主旨和大意认真阅。读后文内容，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。
2.若空格句在段尾，则多属总结本段内容的总结句或引出下一段内容的过渡句。
A：在选项中看能否找到对前文整段的总结句。如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in aword等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
B：与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题。
3.若空格句在段中，则需根据空格前后的句子内容及逻辑关系来确定答案。
【逻辑衔接——根据前后文逻辑关系判断】
1：因果关系(Eg:As a result/ thus/therefore/so (such)…)
因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。
2:转折关系(Eg: However/nevertheless/nonetheless/though/yet/in spite of/on the contrary/in contrast/by contrast/ in comparison/otherwise/not...but)
转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。
3：并列关系 (Eg: first/second/third/to begin with/to conclude)
并列关系主要指前后的句子间是平等的关系，可以互换位置。
4：递进关系(Eg: also/ furthermore/ similarly/ moreover/ in addition/what’s more）
递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。
5:例证关系(Eg: such as /for examples/One of the examples is …)
前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和
推理（从观点到例子）。
【词汇衔接——从词汇关系上判断】
1.代词
英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例如it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子;these 或those指代前句的复数名词。
2.同义词/反义词
英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。
3.同一范畴词（上下义词）
上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。
【2024·宝山区·二模】
Afterward, he sold over 200,000 CDs and his popularity rising. Rather, it was part of one of André Rieu's amazing concerts. As a result, Rieu became a house-hold name and won great popularity. Yet his shows consist of an extensive variety of musical genres and performances. Then, Rieu continued his style until he got his nickname. From early on, Rieu knew what he wanted - his own orchestra.
Mary Poppins held on to her famous black umbrella while floating overhead and singing "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious." The audience watched in amazement, and many sang along! Poppins floated for a bit and eventually landed in the midst of the excited crowd before getting on stage. No, this wasn't a scene from a Disney movie. 67
His background helps explain his passion for music. The world-renowned violinist and conductor was born into a musical family in October 1949 in Maastricht, Netherlands. He began learning to play the violin at age five and immediately fell in love with the instrument!
68 He started by creating a small ensemble (乐团). Then in 1978, Rieu established the Maastricht Salon Orchestra, from which he later developed the Johann Strauss Orchestra.
They had limited success until 1995 when Rieu was asked to provide entertainment for a soccer game. He got the entire stadium to sing along to a popular waltz. 69
Today Rieu is the best-selling classical artist worldwide. He has sold in the ballpark of an astonishing 40 million records. He is the biggest male solo touring artist on the planet. His concerts sell more tickets than Beyoncé and Bruce Springsteen!
Many classical concerts are serious events, but Rieu's are the opposite. He's been nicknamed "The King of the Waltz" because he loves waltzes. 70 Rieu says, "I love Johann Strauss, but I am also fascinated by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Bruce Springsteen."
His shows are attended by people of all ages and always include surprises, like the delightful appearance by Mary Poppins. As Rieu says,"I only play music that touched my heart. And I know when it touches my heart, it will touch your heart." During his performances, many audience members are visibly moved. They often clap, sing, dance, laugh, weep or hug one another. Rieu promises his audience, "You will have an evening that you will never forget."And he is true to his word.
【2024·崇明区·二模】
The drug works by clearing away some of the amyloid protein. The large study followed middle-aged and older adults for 20 years. Knowledge of the timing of these events is critical for preventing Alzheimer’s. The new findings show the order of such biomarker changes common to age-related Alzheimer’s. The higher levels were recorded as much as 18 years before the patients were identified as having Alzheimer’s. The researchers compared 648 people who were later found with Alzheimer’s to an equal
number who remained healthy.
Large Study Details Years of Brain Changes in Alzheimer’s Patients
A long-term study in China has shown that a series of changes take place in the brains of people who get Alzheimer’s disease long before they present signs of the sickness.
67 The individuals were examined on a regular basis during that period. The researchers used brain imaging, spinal fluid (脊髓液) checks and other tools to collect data.
The researchers reported that the study subjects who later developed Alzheimer’s showed high levels of disease-linked protein in their spinal fluid. 68 Then every few years, the study detected another so-called biomarker of coming trouble.
Scientists still do not know exactly how Alzheimer’s forms. The disease slowly destroys the brain, affecting the ability to think. Alzheimer’s patients develop proteins called beta-amyloid and tau, which over time build up into plaques (斑块) that block brain processes. The new research, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, offers a timeline for how these proteins develop.
Scientists already knew that in rare, genetic forms of Alzheimer’s that affect young people, a poisonous form of amyloid starts developing about 20 years ahead of symptoms. At some point after that, tau develops as well. 69
“The more we know about Alzheimer’s treatment targets and when to address them, the better and faster we will be able to develop new therapies and preventions,” said Claire Sexton, director of scientific programs with the Alzheimer's Association. She noted that blood tests are coming soon that promise to also help by making it easier to find amyloid and tau.
More than 6 million Americans, and millions more worldwide, have Alzheimer’s. There is no cure. But last year, Leqembi became the first approved drug that could slow the worsening of early Alzheimer’s for a few months. 70 Other drugs are being developed to target tau.
【2024·虹口区·二模】
And so, what once took your breath away becomes part of life’s furniture. But could it be that many of our lives are already better than we recognize Habituation to the good drives you to move forward and progress. But if we can make the constant less so, our attention will naturally turn back to it.
Rather than focus on how to see our life better, we need to learn to better our life. The good news is that you can dishabituate.
Your Life Is Better Than You Think
The undeniable popularity of self-help books, wellness podcasts, and happiness workshops reflects the constant human desire to make life better. 67
While we may have a loving family, a good place to live, and a decent job, we often fail to notice those things. It’s not because we are ungrateful or stupid, but it’s because of a basic feature of our brain, known as habituation.
Habituation is the tendency of neurons to fire less and less in response to things that are constant. You enter a room filled with roses and after a short while, you cannot detect their scent any longer; and just as you get used to the smell of fresh flowers, you also get used to a loving relationship, to a promotion, to a nice home, to a wonderful work of art. Like the front page of a daily newspaper, your brain cares about what recently changed, not about what remained the same. 68 You habituate to it—you fail to notice and respond to elements of your life which you previously found amazing.
69 That is, you can suddenly start perceiving and responding to things to which you have become desensitized.
The key is taking small breaks from your daily life. For example, when people return home from a long business trip, they often find their old life has “reshined.” Ordinary things suddenly seem amazing. If something is constant, we often assume (perhaps unconsciously) that it is there to stay, and as a result, we focus our attention and effort on the next thing on our list. 70 If it is good at its core, it may just reshine. This is why time away, however short, will enable you to perceive your life with fresh eyes—and to break up reality.
【2024·金山区·二模】
A. Young consumers no longer blindly chase trendy or luxury items.
B. They excel in using mobile devices and social media for getting information.
C. Their tendency to pay much leads to the development of products and services. D. Their changing behaviors in consumption have promoted high-quality products.
E. In fact, young people are slowly becoming the main force in the consumer market. F. They are willing to pay for products with unique features and innovative services.
The young lead new trends in consumption market
With the post-1990 generation becoming a vibrant (充满活力的) force in society and the post-2000 generation gradually entering the workforce, the purchasing power of the new generation of consumers has been steadily growing.
(67) _______________________ Growing up in the internet era, the young consumers generally have higher education levels and a broader global outlook, and come from a relatively strong economic background. As such, their consumption behavior is different from that of the earlier generations.
In terms of consumption pattern, online shopping has become the top choice for young people. Young people not only comprise a comparatively high percentage of internet users but also tend to shop online. (68) _______________________ This makes them easily influenced by product promotions and influencers on social media.
And yet a trend toward rational consumption has been growing rapidly over the past few years. (69) _______________________ Instead, they focus more on product quality and functionality. They tend to compare products and services, and do some research before making purchasing decisions, in order to get the best out of their purchase. According to a study conducted by the Social Survey Center of China Youth Daily, 90.1 percent of the 1,000 young respondents said their consumption decision is based on the “spending where necessary and saving where possible” principle. Besides, young consumers seek more personalized and diversified products, reflecting their emotional needs and increasing sense of self-worth. (70) _____________________
When it comes to brand cognition, young consumers seem to favor domestic products. Thanks to information online, young consumers no longer blindly pursue foreign brands and instead prefer local brands, highlighting their confidence in Chinese-made products. From Li-Ning, Anta to Warrior shoes, domestic brands in various fields are being warmly welcomed by young consumers.
【2024·闵行区·二模】
A. Such media doesn’t just entertain. B. You can easily pick out the differences among your siblings. C. As we journey through adulthood, it’s crucial to reflect on its impact.
D. Media exposure during childhood impacts each child in distinct ways. E. Additionally, media have proven to have long-term effects on individuals. F. However, our mental and physical states may not be adequately equipped to handle it.
Childhood Media Shaping Futures
Much of the media we consume during our formative years shapes us into the people we are today. Reflect on a particular piece of media from our childhood—perhaps it’s the TV show we eagerly awaited every weekend during visits to our grandmother’s house. 67 It shapes our dreams and fears and even drives us to future careers.
68 Older children may have had a lot more restrictions, like TV shows, movies, and social media access. And because of these, they were able to be a child for longer compared to their siblings (兄弟姐妹). Children who have older siblings tend to show more mature tendencies and can appear to “grow up quicker” than other children their age.
While they might have been restricted from social media accounts until a certain age, once given access, they tend to be more prepared. The media exposure of our generation has undoubtedly led to an increased maturation at younger ages. 69 9
Simply looking back at previous generations and the rate of consumption and processing of information that we experience every day, the effects of such are only beginning. As soon-to-be or current adults, we are already facing issues such as depression, anxiety, and delays in certain learning and social skills, just to name a few. Are we “more mature ” or are we overexposed and at risk for exceptional mental, physical, and emotional consequences
In conclusion, childhood media consumption significantly influences our lives. 70
Striking a balance between media exposure and mental well-being is essential for our growth in today’s media-rich world.
【2024·浦东新区·二模】
A. Nevertheless, confidence plays a significant role in determining the effectiveness of fear-based motivation strategies. B. However, if students are not confident, then fear-based approaches could trigger feelings of anxiety. C. Leaders, managers, and teachers have often used one of these ideas to inspire people to
work harder and achieve more. D. Taken together, these studies show that fear-based motivation is complicated. E. They may be inspired to learn new things that will help their business or find mentors who can support them. F. But does this motivate or discourage business people Again, it’s not straightforward.
What motivates you to work or study harder Is it the thought of success and all the amazing things that you can achieve, or is it the fear of failure and worry about all the things that can go wrong for you _____67_____ But is one better than the other
A recent study looked at the effect of fear-based strategies on British secondary school students. As is so often the case, it’s complicated. They found that if a test is seen as important, and students are optimistic that they can succeed, then the fear of failure can be used successfully by teachers to motivate these learners. _____68_____ It can in turn lead them to do worse on the test than they would have done otherwise. The study also found that if students are disengaged and don’t care about the test in the first place, then, unsurprisingly, the fear of failure is not likely to motivate them.
Entrepreneurs often run the risk of failure. It’s a fact that most new companies will fail. _____69_____ The personal consequences of failure can be significant, and so founders may be motivated to work harder to avoid them. A study carried out on British and Canadian entrepreneurs found that fear of failure can improve problem solving, as people are motivated to anticipate and resolve potential issues. However, the study also showed that it can lead to increased procrastination as people focus too much on what they personally fear, rather than what would be best for the business. If someone is less confident about their business idea, then they may find their decision-making negatively affected by their fears.
_____70_____ It can drive confident people to do better, but it can also increase our doubts and turn them into barriers.
【2024·普陀区·二模】
A. When Han Yu came to Chaozhou, he was 51 years old. B. Han Yu was a Confucian figure, and there are many stories about him in Chaozhou. C. Although Han Yu’s ideas had no obvious practical effect at the time, they had a great impact on society decades later.
D. Built in the Song dynasty, the shrine is the oldest and best preserved monument to Han Yu, one of the greatest literary men in the Tang dynasty. E. To memorize what he had contributed to the development of Chaozhou, people constructed this shrine and named him Hanwengong respectfully. F. There are so many tourists that, to relieve the pressure on the monuments, the scenic spot requires that a maximum of 500 people visit at a time.
Hanwengong Shrine
Now we come to Hanwengong Shrine, which is beside Hangjiang river and west of Bijia mountain. (67) __________ In the square in front of the hall, an ancient book-shaped stone is carved with two famous sayings of Han Yu on it, meaning hard work is the precondition for success, and deep thought is the guarantee of success.
In the year of A.D. 819, for some political reason, Han Yu was exiled(流放) to Chaozhou, a backland at that time. But he was not depressed by this, and he helped local people to develop education, agriculture, irrigation and release slaves. (68) ____________
The shrine was built against the mountain and divided into two parts, the front part and the back part. Now we play a small game: count the stone steps, and later I’ll tell you a secret. How many steps are there Yes, 51 steps! Why (69) ___________ The first time Han Yu came to Chaozhou, he was impressed by the beautiful scenery and hospitality of local people. You see that old tree People say the more flowers in the tree, the more well-educated students are. But in Qing Dynasty, this magic tree, planted by Han Yu himself, died, so people planted this tree instead.
(70) __________ Here is one: when Han Yu was living in Chaozhou, there was a very fierce and cruel crocodile in the Hanjiang river, which was a big social harm. One day, Han Yu drafted a statement against the crocodile and made it public by the river. Incredibly, from the next day on, the crocodile was gone. Later, the statue, made of a portrait of Han Yu, was built and his words were left on the monument to mark his achievements.
【2024·松江区·二模】
A．Labeling poses even more of a problem when it comes to kids. B．It can be helpful for those not quite able to understand why they feel the way they do. C．There seems to be a desire to see negative emotions as something requiring intervention or diagnosis. D．Labeling leads to children’s overcoming their addiction to what is posted online.
E．Someone has had only a certain experience and judges all behavior with that experience. F．The basic function of a diagnosis is to give you a name for those behaviors once felt unusual.
Addiction to Labeling
Maybe you’ve noticed it in the comments section of popular social media posts about anxiety. depression or things alike, with a number of people claiming to pick these labels for themselves.
These days, labeling is everywhere. （67） ______ However, the negative part is that it’s easy for someone to identify with the characteristics without truly recognizing the context in which these characteristics would require diagnosis, according to Charlotte Armitage, a registered integrative psychotherapist and psychologist.
If you have done your research and genuinely feel that you have some form of mental health concern, then finally having a name for your behaviors can be great. But the risk is that many people will seek labels and intervention for any behavior, pattern or emotion that is outside of the permanent happy group that society has set as the norm. “（68） ______ Then the saying ‘a little bit of knowledge is dangerous’ springs to my mind,” Armitage adds.
（69） ______“Children are still developing and evolving, and many childhood behavioral features may seem like those of a disorder when there’re other potential explanations for that behavior,” Armitage notes. Ideally, a diagnosis for a child should be carried out by a qualified mental health professional. So it is with an adult.
Nevertheless, the most important thing to bear in mind is that diagnosis doesn’t mean to indicate that you are broken or less capable.（70） ______ And if you go deeper, it can alert you to the fact that you are not alone, and that many people experience life in the same way as you do.
