备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递专题07： 阅读理解之议论文10篇(第二期)(新高考九省专用)（含解析）
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备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(新高考九省专用)
第二期
专题07 阅读理解之议论文10篇
（2024·贵州·模拟预测）Do you have a suit or dress in the closet that you haven’t worn for years but are reluctant to get rid of Maybe you say, “I can’t throw that away because I paid good money for it ”. If you recognize this in yourself, then you are suffering from commitment to the sunk cost fallacy (谬论). It occurs when we feel that we have invested too much to quit. This psychological trap causes us to stick with a plan even if it no longer serves us and the costs clearly outweigh the benefits.
Arkes and Blumer conducted a survey showing that people are influenced by sunk cost fallacy in their decisions. Participants imagined spending $100 on a ski trip to Michigan and $50 on Wisconsin, realizing later they were for the same weekend. They were told Wisconsin would be more enjoyable. When asked which trip to take, 54% chose Michigan despite the reasonable choice being Wisconsin, because they had made a greater initial investment.
Sunk cost fallacy takes place when we let emotions cloud our decisions. Once we’ve invested in a choice, we feel guilt or regret if we don’t follow through. We fail to realize that past costs won’t be recovered. Instead, we base decisions on past costs, ignoring present and future costs and benefits. This may be due to loss aversion (厌恶), where losses feel worse than gains. We avoid losses, making choices based on avoiding the “loss” of our past investment instead of considering the benefits gained if we don’t continue our commitment.
No one can deny the fact that we benefit a lot from perseverance. So our society loves to emphasize perseverance. Never give up! Don’t waste. But only you know the right path for you. Sometimes walking away is the hardest choice of all. You might realize a path you’re on is no longer the right one or never was. That’s a painful realization.
1．What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A．People benefit from sticking with a plan. B．People’s consumption view has changed.
C．People refuse to give up the past commitment. D．People’s clothes are becoming more expensive.
2．Why did more than half of the participants choose the trip to Michigan in the survey
A．To save more of the loss. B．To appear more reasonable.
C．To make a greater investment. D．To enjoy more of themselves.
3．When does “sunk cost fallacy” occur
A．When we don’t follow through our choices.
B．When we don’t continue our commitment.
C．When we stop feeling guilty and regretful.
D．When we make decisions based on past costs emotionally.
4．What is the author’s attitude toward “perseverance”
A．Favorable. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
（2024·江西赣州·一模）I dropped “rizz” into a conversation at home as a test to see my son’s familiarity with Internet slang. “Don’t say that,” he said. “You sound terrible.” In terms of ego, it was a failure. But as a test of generational differences in language use, it was a success.
I read in a newspaper that Oxford University Press had chosen “rizz” as the word of 2023. Short for charisma, rizz is defined as “style, charm, or attractiveness”. Internet slang has been confusing and difficult for me to understand. Considering it enjoys great popularity among Gen Z associates, as a Gen X director, should I keep up with the Internet slang and be prepared for it at work
One thing is clear: The attempt to resist is in vain. Internet slang is a product of its time. Technology makes humour more important. Slang, says Erica Dhawan, author of Digital Body Language, “can create closeness with colleagues when body language is no longer the primary communication”.
That doesn’t mean Gen X leaders should be trying to drop “rizz” into conversation. It is embarrassing. Partly it seems fake, but also because it is hard to keep up with the way language changes if not immersed in it. Tony Thorne, of the Slang and New Language Archive at King’s College London, says Gen Z is “heavily influenced by viral trends, it is not strictly only verbal ... it always has one eye on visual metaphors and allusions (影射) too”.
Workplace norms evolve. Just five years ago senior leaders were complaining about headphones in the office, Dhawan points out. “Now they’re normal.” So too with language. Slang slips into common usage quickly. Oxford University Press’s past years words include “vax”, “toxic” and “climate emergency”, all of which seem fairly mainstream now. Who signs their emails with “Yours faithfully” Far more common is: “Thanks”, “Kind regards” or “Best wishes”.
I still frown when I see signoffs like KR or BW-but give me another year, Thx.
5．What advantage does Internet slang bring to people according to Erica Dhawan
A．Close relationships. B．High working efficiency.
C．Personal popularity. D．Good reputation.
6．What should Gen X leaders do with Internet slang
A．Oppose it. B．Keep up with it. C．Let it slide. D．Use it in conversation.
7．What does the author think of senior leaders’ acceptance of Internet slang
A．It’s hard to tell. B．It’s a matter of time.
C．It’s a piece of cake. D．It’s out of the question.
8．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．Where Internet Slang Will Lead the Gen X
B．Why Internet Slang Is a Riddle for Bosses
C．How Internet Slang Affects Relationship among Colleagues
D．What Role the Youth Play in the Development of Language
（23-24高三下·江西·阶段练习）By experiencing the sensations of the reality around us, we create a subjective understanding of what reality is. Language came into being with the development of mankind. It requires the use of more than one of the basic five human senses, which shows that language is a complex process that brings huge power along with it. This power is so strong that it can demonstrate that language can influence the way we think. Language can be an amazing tool for change, both positive and negative.
Language can completely change our perception of time. The changed perception of time isn’t the only way language affects how we think. Our sense of self is also significantly changed, especially if a person is bilingual (双语的). Depending on which language a person who is bilingual is using, his sense of self changes. The differences may even become so great as to change his personalities.
Word teaching plays an important part in education, so to expand language is to expand the ability to think. We can see this in children, whose thinking develops hand in hand with language. It helps a great deal to increase their “word power” by learning new words in order to develop new ideas and new ways of thinking.
The increase in “word power” extends to those who lack the sense of hearing, thanks to the modern invention of sign language. Since the beginning, sign language has allowed deaf people to become fully literate. Whether we are deaf or not, language transforms experience and connects us to the past as well as the future. Be mindful of how important language is to our perception of reality and all its various aspects, and we can empower ourselves beyond our present limitations and expand our awareness.
9．What is the relationship between language and senses
A．Opposite. B．Correlative. C．Independent. D．Competitive.
10．What does paragraph 2 highlight about language
A．Its role. B．Its formation.
C．Its changes. D．Its differences.
11．How can children’s thinking ability be developed according to the text
A．By enlarging their vocabulary.
B．By learning about their limitations.
C．By changing their ways of speaking.
D．By transforming their past experiences.
12．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Why Does Language Connect Us Closely
B．When Should We Achieve Language Skills
C．How Does Language Influence Our Thoughts
D．What Should We Do to Learn Language Well
（23-24高三下·河南·阶段练习）Going through life can be very challenging at times. When we were young no one told us how hard it would be in the future. One of the biggest problems of adult life is having self-doubt. It is tiresome and can kill your confidence if not controlled from the get-go.
We will all experience self-doubt, which is natural. It happens to us during normal days or whenever we are going to start a new job, a new task, or a new relationship. Anything new in life will make you somehow doubt yourself. This sort of feeling forces you into a dark abyss (深渊) where nothing seems to go right and you might feel like giving up. That is the time to be strong.
There are some people out there that mistake self-doubt for something else. Self-doubt is the feeling that you are unsure about one or more parts of yourself. For example, when starting a new job, you might feel inexperienced or think that you are not fit enough for the job.
Self-doubt isn’t all that bad. Low-level of self-criticism is actually good for you. It motivates you and pushes you to be better in life, to become greater than yesterday. Such feeling will push you to work harder and faster than before and will also increase your productivity, but it should be a low level of self-criticism. You don’t want to punish yourself over things that are beyond your control.
In order to be a better version of ourselves, tough love can be a good motivator but we don’t need to become a drill sergeant (教官) while doing that. Over-criticizing ourselves actually does more harm than good, and I say this from experience. Overworking and a fear of failure only lead to self-damage.
13．What does the author want to convey about self-doubt in Paragraph 1
A．Its levels. B．Its causes. C．Its types. D．Its harms.
14．What’s the author’s view about self-doubt
A．It is an unnatural thing for all of us. B．It can happen anywhere at any time.
C．It only makes us weak and disappointed. D．It can be easily avoided with our efforts.
15．Why does the author talk about a new job in Paragraph 3
A．To state how hard it is to start it. B．To stress it needs our experience.
C．To explain how self-doubt starts. D．To tell the normal feelings to get it.
16．Self-doubt is beneficial only when ________.
A．you keep it at a proper level B．you overlook yourself
C．you punish yourself often D．you work all the time
（2024·全国·模拟预测）In school, we learned the periodic table and were told to recite the alphabet, but nobody forced us to take a class on what emotions are and how they work before we entered the big world. And for many of us, that means understanding how we feel and why can be incredibly difficult.
Yet, research shows that being aware of your emotions is hugely beneficial and people with high emotional awareness have better social and emotional functioning. In layman’s terms, that can translate as being able to predict your emotions and develop coping mechanisms in advance, becoming wise to unhealthy behavior patterns, and even being more in tune with the needs of others.
“Emotional awareness is being able to identify and make sense of not only our own emotions but those of others. It’s absolutely essential in maintaining good mental health,” explains Rachel Vora, psychotherapist and founder of CYP Wellbeing. “When we are able to identify and reflect on our emotional responses, we can understand how this influences our behaviors and in turn, change the way we respond to challenging situations.”
Of course, pinpointing how we feel can often prove difficult. It’s the very reason we turn to general phrases like “I feel blue” or “I’m not myself today”. Vora says this is often because on some level we don’t want to know how we really feel. “We can often try to numb (使麻木), suppress or avoid emotions because they feel overwhelming or distressing and this can often lead to a lack of emotional awareness as we feel disconnected from ourselves,” she explains.
Without emotional awareness, we can also develop emotional blind spots: unhealthy thoughts, behaviors and coping mechanisms that are hidden from our view. Perhaps you may feel self-doubt when you receive negative feedback. Unless you take time for introspection (反省), you’ll remain unaware of these habits. Vora says tuning into your emotions and honestly reflecting on how you feel is key. “By identifying our emotional blind spots, we can feel more in control of our emotions, how to improve our mood and also how we respond in challenging situations.”
17．What can we know about people with high emotional awareness
A．They can foresee their emotions.
B．They solve problems ahead of time.
C．They always keep positive attitude.
D．They can avoid unhealthy behaviors.
18．How does Vora view emotional awareness
A．It can be gained without difficulty.
B．It is vital for us to keep mental health.
C．It can enable us to respond to challenges easily.
D．It is helpful to understand most people’s emotions.
19．What does the word “this” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．We don’t know how we feel.
B．We lack emotional awareness.
C．We can’t control our emotions.
D．We describe our emotions with difficulty.
20．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．How to control our mood.
B．What to do with our habits.
C．When to practise self-reflection.
D．How to develop emotional awareness.
（2024·甘肃平凉·模拟预测）A recent report from the United Nations group UNESCO warns that using technology in classes may not help as much as many people believe. The report suggests that technology should be used less in schools, and that smartphones should be banned from classrooms.
The goal of the new report was to improve how technology is used in education. It says that technology can be helpful, but it shouldn’t be the focus. “Too much attention on technology in education usually comes at a high cost,” the report says.
These days, it’s common for students to use computers or tablets (平板电脑). In many places, it’s normal for students to look up information on the internet rather than using books. UNESCO claims that technology changes so fast that it’s hard to study how it really affects students.
The new report says that many of the studies show that technology helps students come from rich countries. As classes moved online during the Covid-19 pandemic, the use of technology in education grew even more quickly. Many students were forced to study at home, using video calls to communicate with their teachers. But the report points out that around 500 million students were unable to take part in online classes. That’s one example of what UNESCO says is a larger problem — that the advantages of technology aren’t evenly shared. People and countries with less money are often left out.
UNESCO admits that technology can help in many ways. It can allow students to learn in ways that are more
interesting; it can also help teachers explain difficult ideas; it can also help students who have special needs. But UNESCO says technology can also be very perturbing. One study showed that when students use phones in class, it can interfere with their learning. Even so, less than 25% of the world’s countries ban phones in schools.
The report suggests that the best way to learn is still to work closely with teachers. Working with other classmates also helps students learn. UNESCO says that most schools should spend more money on things like books, classrooms, and teachers.
21．Why does the report suggest using technology less in schools
A．It changes too fast for students to adapt.
B．Most countries cannot afford to invest in it.
C．It makes no difference to improving education.
D．It may not be as effective as initially thought.
22．What is the “larger problem” that UNESCO refers to in paragraph 4
A．The pandemic has affected most countries.
B．Fewer students keep discipline in online classes.
C．High-tech devices are unevenly distributed.
D．Teachers’ training in technology use is not enough.
23．Which word can best replace the underlined word “perturbing” in paragraph 5
A．Distracting. B．Confusing. C．Interesting. D．Frightening.
24．What does UNESCO suggest schools do
A．Explore innovative teaching methods.
B．Increase the expense on teaching staff.
C．Stress the importance of quality education.
D．Update technology and digital resources in time.
（23-24高三下·黑龙江·阶段练习）My eleven-year-old son reads a lot, but for the past year he’s only been reading comics or graphic (图解的) novels. In my view, these are the books made up, mainly, of cartoons and speech bubbles and are lacking in full pages of text. As a PhD in classical literature, I turn my nose up at my son’s comics, considering them just picture books.
My son has argued well for his cause. His claim is that comics are literature or close enough and they do contain many of the basic elements of any novel: plot, backstory, dialogue and etc. But my view is that language is unique. The complicated details of plot, emotion, and inner thought that words alone can convey are surely lost when graphics take their place. And if the pictures are already there for you, what work is left to the imagination
According to the view of some experts on parenting, we should encourage our kids to love books in all shapes and forms, without limiting the type of books they should love. I see their point, but I also worry that laziness might be playing a role here and that’s a motivation I’m less happy to ics are simply easier to read than other kinds of books; they demand less attention and my suspicion is that they become appealing for that very reason. While this is a fine way to help early or reluctant (不情愿的) readers get into better habits of reading, I’m not so sure the same is true for older kids. In an age of instant satisfaction from fragmentation (碎片化) reading, we are all losing the ability to focus on longer texts, and that’s worrisome.
My son is in his academic and emotional development. I want him to be reading things that will challenge him and force him to think deeply and critically, which will help him improve. Isn’t this what reading is for Do his comic books have such power
25．What is the author’s attitude toward comics according to paragraph 1
A．Dismissive B．Approving C．Unclear D．Objective
26．Why does the author think graphics cannot take the place of language
A．Plot can only be expressed by language.
B．All the details cannot be conveyed by graphics.
C．Language can show the basic storyline more clearly.
D．Graphics fail to develop children’s interest in reading.
27．What do we know about the author’s son
A．He likes reading books with full pages of text.
B．He thinks comics give much space for imagination.
C．He believes comics share many similarities with novels.
D．He claims comics are easier to read than other kinds of books.
28．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To advise kids to get rid of reading comics.
B．To show the significance of reading for children.
C．To share her worry about her son’s choice of reading.
D．To compare the differences between comics and novels.
（23-24高三下·河南·阶段练习）It is a strange coincidence(巧合) that as humanity attempts to greatly reduce its carbon emissions(排放), it is also rushing to develop a technology that could, in theory, consume an unlimited amount of energy.
Doing things against facts is a dangerous game, but you can picture a world in which, having chosen to start
dealing with climate change properly in the 1990s, we would be just wrapping up the gentle path to net-zero emissions in time for a rapid AI increase fuelled by green power. Instead, we find ourselves at risk of running a 21st-century technology on a 20th-century energy supply.
If you live in the US, every time you use an AI model, around 20 per cent of the electricity required will be produced by burning coal. The explosive growth of AI makes this an even more pressing concern. According to one analysis, if Google chose to shift to an entirely AI-powered search business, its electricity consumption could match that of some countries.
Such estimates may be magnified, but evidence of rising power consumption from AI is all around. Microsoft is placing bets on nuclear plants to power its data centres, while the English government has promised to boost its national computing capacity by 50 per cent by 2025, which would help it keep pace with rapid AI developments in the world.
Thankfully, we may soon reach a turning point. As is reported, this year the global power department came close to reaching peak greenhouse gas emissions, as the switch from fossil(化石) fuels to clean and renewable sources is well underway. The question now is whether we can quicken the pace of decarbonisation (脱碳) to match the coming growth in energy consumption as AI becomes increasingly rooted in our society. Silicon Valley’s intelligent machines may grab the headlines and the imagination, but the people really inventing the future are working in the energy department.
29．What can we learn from paragraph 2
A．Carbon emissions have been reduced a lot.
B．The reality is far from what we expected.
C．The rapid AI increase brings many benefits.
D．Climate change poses a threat to green electricity supply.
30．Why is electricity consumption a major concern
A．More AI models mean burning more coal.
B．Many countries turn to nuclear plants for power.
C．There is a lack of ban on tech-giants’ electricity consumption.
D．Google’s electricity consumption equals that of some countries.
31．What does the underlined word “magnified” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Overstated. B．Undervalued. C．Common. D．Reasonable.
32．What would be our primary task before we reach a turning point
A．Shifting to a fully AI-powered search business.
B．Achieving net-zero emissions as soon as possible.
C．Balancing energy-hungry AI with decarbonisation.
D．Creating an unlimited energy-consuming technology.
（23-24高三上·山西吕梁·阶段练习）Both my parents were educators, and for the past 40 years, I’ve done the same thing. For years, I have watched people teach. And one of the things that are not often noticed is the importance of relationships. Someone says that no important learning can happen without an important relationship. That’s true. Kids may not even learn from people they don’t like.
How do I build relationships with kids and look after kids I once gave a test — 20 questions. A student missed 18. I put a “+2” on his paper and a big smiling face. I said to him, “You got two right. You didn’t miss them all. And when we review this, won’t you do better ” He said, “Yes, I can do better.” You see, “-18” may be a blow to his pride, but “+2” said, “I am not all bad.”
And for years, I watched my mother take the time at recess (课间休息) to review, go on home visits in the afternoon, and buy small gifts for kids. After she retired (退休), some of her kids came and said to her, “You know, Ms. Walker, you made a difference in my life. You made me feel like I was somebody.” When my mama died, there were so many students at her funeral (葬礼). It brought tears to my eyes, not because she was gone, but because she left a treasure of relationships that could never disappear. Can we have more relationships Of course, yes. And we teach anyway, no matter what kinds of kids we have.
Teaching and learning should bring joy. How influential our world would be if we had kids who were not afraid to take risks, Who were not afraid to think, and who had a champion (拥护者)! Every child should have a champion, an adult who will never give up on them, and who understands the influence of connection and believes that they can become the best.
33．What is the author’s purpose in writing the first paragraph
A．To show the key to people’s success.
B．To show the importance of education.
C．To tell us the value of relationship in teaching.
D．To introduce his parents’ teaching experience.
34．Why did the author put “+2” on the student’s paper
A．To draw his attention.
B．To tell him grades didn’t matter.
C．To show the two sides of the same coin.
D．To make him feel better and encourage him.
35．What do we know about Ms. Walker
A．Her students were full of thanks to her.
B．She was strict with her students.
C．Many of her students were successful.
D．Her death made the author hopeless.
36．What may be the best title for the text
A．What a teacher does
B．Every child needs a champion
C．How students learn from their teachers
D．Relationship influences kids’ school life
（2024·江西·一模）The confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what people would like it to be. When I asked students at the beginning of the year how they would define science, many of them replied that it is an objective way of discovering certainties about the world. But science cannot provide certainties.
But doubt in science is a feature, not a bug. Indeed, the paradox (悖论) is that science, when properly functioning, questions accepted facts and yields both new knowledge and new questions—not certainty. Doubt does not create trust, nor does it help public understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions
As a historian of science, I would argue that it’s the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often perceived as its weakness: its drive to question and challenge a hypothesis (假设). Indeed, the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural world whenever new evidence emerges from either experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are hypotheses that encompass the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the long run, many of them are challenged and even overturned. Doubt might be troubling, but it impels us towards a better understanding; certainties, as reassuring as they may seem, in fact hold back the scientific process.
A more realistic understanding of how science works can contribute to a better comprehension of the decisive role of doubt and skepticism in the scientific process. Indeed, science is not a linear (线性的) path leading from one success to another, but rather a constant reevaluation of hypotheses. Failures are part of the scientific process and should be taught along with successes.
37．What is “doubt” in science according to the text
A．It’s not right. B．It’s a feature. C．It’s a bug. D．It’s less realistic.
38．What does the underlined word “encompass” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Include. B．Oppose. C．Evaluate. D．Discover.
39．What does the author say about certainty
A．It’s a real power of science. B．It shows the weakness of science.
C．It affects the scientific process. D．It helps in discovering the world.
40．What can we learn about science
A．Science is always right. B．Failures are part of science.
C．It’s a path leading to success. D．It is based on people’s expectation.
参考答案：
1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了“沉没成本谬误”对我们的决策产生的影响。沉没成本谬误指的是当我们感觉已经投入太多而不愿放弃时产生的心理陷阱。作者指出，这种谬误导致我们坚持计划，即使它已不再对我们有益，成本明显超过收益。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Do you have a suit or dress in the closet that you haven’t worn for years but are reluctant to get rid of Maybe you say, “I can’t throw that away because I paid good money for it ” If you recognize this in yourself, then you are suffering from commitment to the sunk cost fallacy (谬论)( 你衣柜里是否有一套多年没穿过却又舍不得扔掉的西装或裙子 也许你会说，“我不能扔掉它，因为我花了很多钱？”如果你在自己身上认识到这一点，那么你就陷入了沉没成本谬论)”可知，第一段描述的是人们不愿意放弃自己已经投入太多的事情，由此不断地坚持下去，最终只会成本明显大于收益，这种现象是“沉没成本谬论”即人们拒绝放弃过去的投入。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“When asked which trip to take, 54% chose Michigan despite the reasonable choice being Wisconsin, because they had made a greater initial investment.( 当被问及该选择哪条路线时，54%的人选择了密歇根州，尽管合理的选择是威斯康星州，因为他们的初始投资更大)”可知，尽管合理的选择是威斯康星州，54%的人选择了密歇根州，因为他们的初始投资更大，即在密歇根州的旅行投入了100美元，该投入多于威斯康星州的投入，所以为了避免更多的损失（即投入的100美元），人们不会选择合理的威斯康星州，而是继续选择密歇根州。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sunk cost fallacy takes place when we let emotions cloud our decisions.(当我们让情绪影响我们的决定时，沉没成本谬误就会发生)”以及“Instead, we base decisions on past costs, ignoring present and future costs and benefits. (相反，我们的决策基于过去的成本，忽略了现在和未来的成本和收益)”可知，当我们情绪化地根据过去的成本做决定时，容易发生沉没成本谬误。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“No one can deny the fact that we benefit a lot from perseverance. So our society loves to emphasize perseverance. Never give up! Don’t waste.( 没有人能否认我们从毅力中获益良多。所以我们的社会喜欢强调毅力。永不放弃!不要浪费)”可知，此处作者强调人们可以从毅力中获益良多；同时根据本段中“ But only you know the right
path for you. Sometimes walking away is the hardest choice of all. You might realize a path you’re on is no longer the right one or never was. That’s a painful realization.(但只有你自己知道哪条路适合你。有时候，离开是最艰难的选择。你可能会意识到你所走的道路不再是正确的，或者从来就不是。这是一个痛苦的认识)”可知，此处作者强调的是毅力所导致你坚持的路不一定是正确的路，因此作者认为此时不必坚持下去，而是要选择适合自己的路，即离开当下的错误坚持。因此作者对于“毅力”的态度是有褒有贬，即客观的看待“毅力”。故选B。
5．A 6．C 7．B 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是高层领导对待网络俚语的态度。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“Slang, says Erica Dhawan, author of Digital Body Language, “can create closeness with colleagues when body language is no longer the primary communication”.(《数字肢体语言》(Digital Body Language)一书的作者Erica Dhawan表示，俚语“可以在肢体语言不再是主要交流方式的情况下，拉近同事之间的距离”。)”可知，Erica Dhawan认为网络俚语给人们带来的好处是亲密的关系，故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段“One thing is clear: The attempt to resist is in vain.(有一件事是明确的：抵抗的企图是徒劳的。)”和第四段“That doesn’t mean Gen X leaders should be trying to drop “rizz” into conversation. It is embarrassing. Partly it seems fake, but also because it is hard to keep up with the way language changes if not immersed in it.(这并不意味着X一代领导人应该试图在谈话中加入“rizz”这个词。这很尴尬。这在一定程度上似乎是假的，但也因为如果不沉浸在语言中，就很难跟上语言的变化。)”可知，X一代领导人应该由得网络语言发展，既不反对它，也不盲目跟从，也不在对话中使用，故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Workplace norms evolve. Just five years ago senior leaders were complaining about headphones in the office, Dhawan points out. “Now they’re normal.” So too with language. Slang slips into common usage quickly.(工作场所的规范在不断演变。Dhawan指出，就在五年前，高层领导还在抱怨办公室里戴着耳机。“现在他们正常了。”语言也是如此。俚语很快就变成了日常用语。)”可知，作者认为高层领导对网络俚语的接受只是时间问题，故选B。
8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Considering it enjoys great popularity among Gen Z associates, as a Gen X director, should I keep up with the Internet slang and be prepared for it at work (考虑到它在Z世代的同事中非常受欢迎，作为X世代的主管，我是否应该跟上网络
俚语，并在工作中做好准备？)”和倒数第二段“Just five years ago senior leaders were complaining about headphones in the office, Dhawan points out. “Now they’re normal.”(Dhawan指出，就在五年前，高层领导还在抱怨办公室里戴着耳机。“现在他们正常了。”)”可知，本文主要讲的是高层领导对待网络俚语的态度，突出的是高层领导对网络俚语的看法，因此最恰当的标题是B选项“Why Internet Slang Is a Riddle for Bosses(为什么网络俚语对老板来说是一个谜)”。故选B。
9．B 10．A 11．A 12．C
【导语】
本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了语言对人类感知现实、思维方式以及认知能力的影响。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“This power is so strong that it can demonstrate that language can influence the way we think.(这种力量如此强大，它可以证明语言可以影响我们的思维方式)”可知，出语言和感官之间有相关性。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段“Language can completely change our perception of time. The changed perception of time isn’t the only way language affects how we think. Our sense of self is also significantly changed, especially if a person is bilingual(语言可以完全改变我们对时间的感知。时间观念的改变并不是语言影响我们思考的唯一方式。我们的自我意识也会发生显著变化，尤其是当一个人会说两种语言的时候)”可知，第二段强调了语言的作用。故选A项。
11．细节理解题。根据第三段“Word teaching plays an important part in education, so to expand language is to expand the ability to think. We can see this in children, whose thinking develops hand in hand with language (单词教学在教育中起着重要的作用，拓展语言就是拓展思维能力。我们可以在孩子身上看到这一点，他们的思维与语言密切相关)”可知，可以通过扩大词汇量培养孩子的思维能力。故选A项。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Language came into being with the development of mankind. It requires the use of more than one of the basic five human senses, which shows that language is a complex process that brings huge power along with it(语言是随着人类的发展而产生的。它需要使用人类基本的五种感官中的一种以上，这表明语言是一个复杂的过程，它带来了巨大的力量)”、第二段“Depending on which language a person who is bilingual is using, his sense of self changes. The differences may even become so great as to change his personalities(一个会说两种语言的人，其自我意识会随着使用哪种语言而变化。这种差异甚至可能变得如此之大，以至
于改变了他的个性)”以及最后一段“Whether we are deaf or not, language transforms experience and connects us to the past as well as the future. Be mindful of how important language is to our perception of reality and all its various aspects, and we can empower ourselves beyond our present limitations and expand our awareness.(无论我们是否失聪，语言都会改变我们的经历，并将我们与过去和未来联系起来。注意语言对我们感知现实及其各个方面的重要性，我们可以超越目前的局限，增强自己的能力，扩大我们的意识)”可知，本文主要讲的是语言如何影响我们的思维。故选C项。
13．D 14．B 15．C 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。全文讲述了自我怀疑的产生、自我怀疑的利弊，以及适度自我怀疑的重要性等。
13．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Going through life can be very challenging at times. When we were young no one told us how hard it would be in the future. One of the biggest problems of adult life is having self-doubt. It is tiresome and can kill your confidence if not controlled from the get-go.(人生有时会充满挑战。当我们年轻的时候，没有人告诉我们未来会有多难。成年人生活中最大的问题之一就是自我怀疑。如果从一开始就不加以控制，这是令人厌烦的，而且会扼杀你的信心)”可知，第一段在讲述自我怀疑的危害。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段“It happens to us during normal days or whenever we are going to start a new job, a new task, or a new relationship. Anything new in life will make you somehow doubt yourself.(它发生在我们平常的日子里，或者每当我们要开始一份新工作，一项新任务，或一段新的关系。生活中的任何新事物都会让你怀疑自己)”可知，自我怀疑随时随地可能发生。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据第三段“Self-doubt is the feeling that you are unsure about one or more parts of yourself. For example, when starting a new job, you might feel inexperienced or think that you are not fit enough for the job.(自我怀疑是你对自己的一个或多个部分不确定的感觉。例如，当开始一份新工作时，你可能会觉得没有经验，或者认为自己不适合这份工作)”可推知，作者以新工作为例说明自我怀疑是如何产生的。故选C。
16．细节理解题。根据第四段“Such feeling will push you to work harder and faster than before and will also increase your productivity, but it should be a low level of self-criticism.(这种感觉会促使你比以前更努力、更快地工作，也会提高你的效率，但这应该是一种低水平的自我批评)”
可知，控制在低程度的自我怀疑是有好处。故选A。
17．A 18．B 19．D 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了情绪意识的重要性，提出了解自己的情绪对于维持良好的心理健康和社交功能的重要性。
17．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Yet, research shows that being aware of your emotions is hugely beneficial and people with high emotional awareness have better social and emotional functioning. In layman’s terms, that can translate as being able to predict your emotions and develop coping mechanisms in advance, becoming wise to unhealthy behavior patterns, and even being more in tune with the needs of others.(然而，研究表明，意识到自己的情绪是非常有益的，情绪意识高的人有更好的社交和情感功能。用外行的话来说，这可以解释为能够预测你的情绪，提前发展应对机制，对不健康的行为模式变得明智，甚至更能与他人的需求保持一致。)”可知，情绪意识高的人有更好的社交和情感功能，能够提前预测自己的情绪。故选A。
18．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““Emotional awareness is being able to identify and make sense of not only our own emotions but those of others. It’s absolutely essential in maintaining good mental health,” explains Rachel Vora, psychotherapist and founder of CYP Wellbeing. “When we are able to identify and reflect on our emotional responses, we can understand how this influences our behaviors and in turn, change the way we respond to challenging situations.”(“情绪意识不仅是能够识别和理解我们自己的情绪，也能理解他人的情绪。这对保持良好的心理健康是绝对必要的，”心理治疗师、CYP wellness的创始人Rachel Vora解释说。“当我们能够识别和反思我们的情绪反应时，我们就能理解这是如何影响我们的行为的，进而改变我们应对挑战的方式。”)”可知，Vora提到情绪意识是心理健康的重要组成部分，因为它可以帮助我们理解和管理自己的情绪，从而更好地应对挑战和压力。因此，Vora认为情绪意识对于保持心理健康非常重要。故选B。
19．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Of course, pinpointing how we feel can often prove difficult. It’s the very reason we turn to general phrases like “I feel blue” or “I’m not myself today”.(当然，准确地指出我们的感受往往是困难的。这就是为什么我们会说“我感觉很沮丧”或“我今天不是我自己”。)”可知，Vora所说的“this”指的是我们很难准确表达出自己的感受。故选D。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Without emotional awareness, we can also develop emotional blind spots: unhealthy thoughts, behaviors and coping mechanisms that are hidden from our view. Perhaps you may feel self-doubt when you receive negative feedback. Unless you take time for introspection (反省), you’ll remain unaware of these habits. Vora says tuning into your emotions and honestly reflecting on how you feel is key. “By identifying our emotional blind spots, we can feel more in control of our emotions, how to improve our mood and also how we respond in challenging situations.”(如果没有情感意识，我们也会形成情感盲点：不健康的想法、行为和应对机制，这些都是我们看不到的。也许当你收到负面反馈时，你会感到自我怀疑。除非你花时间自省，否则你不会意识到这些习惯。Vora说，调整自己的情绪，诚实地反思自己的感受是关键。“通过识别我们的情绪盲点，我们可以更好地控制我们的情绪，如何改善我们的情绪，以及我们如何应对具有挑战性的情况。”)”可知，最后一段讲述了情感意识的重要性以及提出我们应该如何培养我们的情感意识。故选D。
21．D 22．C 23．A 24．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了科技在学习中所起的作用。
21．推理判断题。根据第一段“A recent report from the United Nations group UNESCO warns that using technology in classes may not help as much as many people believe.”（联合国教科文组织最近的一份报告警告说，在课堂上使用技术可能没有很多人认为的那么有帮助。）可知，为什么报告建议在学校少使用科技产品是因为它可能没有最初想象的那么有效。故选D项。
22．推理判断题。根据第四段中“That’s one example of what UNESCO says is a larger problem—that the advantages of technology aren’t evenly shared.”（这是联合国教科文组织所说的一个更大问题的一个例子——技术的优势并没有被平均分享。）可推断，技术的优势没有得到平均分享。故选C项。
23．词义猜测题。根据下文“One study showed that when students use phones in class, it can interfere with their learning.”（一项研究表明，当学生在课堂上使用手机时，它会干扰他们的学习。）可知，但联合国教科文组织表示，技术也可以令人分心。故划线词的意思是“分心”。故选A项。
24．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“UNESCO says that most schools should spend more money on things like books, classrooms, and teachers.”（联合国教科文组织表示，大多数学校应该在书籍、教室和教师等方面投入更多资金以上翻译结果来自有道神经网络翻译
（YNMT）· 通用场景。）可知，联合国教科文组织表示，大多数学校应该在书籍、教室和教师等方面投入更多资金。故选B项。
25．A 26．B 27．C 28．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕作者对其儿子阅读习惯（偏爱漫画或图解小说）的看法和担忧展开，表达了自己的观点。
25．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“As a PhD in classical literature, I turn my nose up at my son’s comics, considering them just picture books.(作为古典文学博士，我对儿子的漫画不屑一顾，认为它们只是图画书。)”可知，作者对漫画非常不屑。故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But my view is that language is unique. The complicated details of plot, emotion, and inner thought that words alone can convey are surely lost when graphics take their place.(但我的观点是，语言是独一无二的。文字所能传达的复杂情节、情感和内心想法等细节，在图形取代它们的位置时肯定会消失。)”可知，作者认为图形不能表达文字所能传达出的复杂情节、情感和内心想法等。故选B。
27．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“My son has argued well for his cause. His claim is that comics are literature or close enough and they do contain many of the basic elements of any novel: plot, backstory, dialogue and etc. (我儿子为他的选择辩护得很好。他的观点是，漫画是文学或足够接近文学，它们确实包含了任何小说的许多基本元素：情节、背景故事、对话等等。)”可知，作者的儿子认为漫画是文学或足够接近文学，两者非常相似，都有基本元素：情节、背景故事、对话等等。故选C。
28．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“While this is a fine way to help early or reluctant(不情愿的) readers get into better habits of reading, I’m not so sure the same is true for older kids. In an age of instant satisfaction from fragmentation(碎片化) reading, we are all losing the ability to focus on longer texts, and that’s worrisome.(虽然这是一个很好的方法来帮助早期或不情愿的读者养成更好的阅读习惯，但我不确定这对大一点的孩子来说是否适用。在一个从碎片化阅读中获得即时满足感的时代，我们都在失去专注于较长文本的能力，这令人担忧。)”以及最后一段“My son is in his academic and emotional development. I want him to be reading things that will challenge him and force him to think deeply and critically, which will help him improve. Isn’t this what reading is for Do his comic books have such power (我儿子正处于学业和情感发展阶段。我希望他读的东西能够挑战他，迫使他进行深入和批判性的思考，这将有助于他的进步。这
不就是读书的目的吗？他的漫画书有这样的影响力吗？)”可推测，作者写这篇文章是为了和读者分享其自己儿子只阅读漫画的担忧。故选C。
29．B 30．A 31．A 32．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者就如何平衡AI不断增长的能源需求和碳排放的压力这一话题展开讨论。
29．推理判断题。根据第二段“Doing things against facts is a dangerous game, but you can picture a world in which, having chosen to start dealing with climate change properly in the 1990s, we would be just wrapping up the gentle path to net-zero emissions in time for a rapid AI increase fuelled by green power. Instead, we find ourselves at risk of running a 21st-century technology on a 20th-century energy supply.(违背事实行事是一场危险的游戏，但你可以想象这样一个世界：在20世纪90年代选择开始正确应对气候变化后，我们就在及时结束实现净零排放的温和道路，以实现绿色能源推动的人工智能快速增长。相反，我们发现自己面临着在20世纪的能源供应上运行21世纪技术的风险。)”可知，人类自20世纪90年代就致力于应对气候变化，本应及时达到净零排放，实现绿色能源推动的人工智能的快速增长，而事实却是，我们发现自己处于使用20世纪的能源来驱动21世纪的科技的危险境地，由此可推测出，现实并不是我们期待的那样。故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If you live in the US, every time you use an AI model, around 20 per cent of the electricity required will be produced by burning coal. The explosive growth of AI makes this an even more pressing concern.(如果你住在美国，每次使用人工智能模型，所需电力的20%左右将通过燃烧煤炭产生。人工智能的爆炸式增长使这成为一个更加紧迫的问题。)”可知，AI产品越多，用电就越多，煤炭燃烧就越多，这是一个很紧迫的问题。故选A。
31．词义猜测题。上一段中的“According to one analysis, if Google chose to shift to an entirely AI-powered search business, its electricity consumption could match that of some countries.(根据一项分析，如果谷歌选择转向完全由人工智能驱动的搜索业务，其耗电量可能与一些国家相当。)”提到如果谷歌转变为全部由AI驱动的搜索引擎业务，它的电消耗估计比得上一些国家的电消耗量了。再结合画线词所在句中的“but evidence of rising power consumption from AI is all around(但人工智能电消耗上升的证据无处不在)”可知，此处表示这样的估计有点夸张，但是问题确实存在。magnify意为“放大”，与overstate意思最接近。故选A。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The question now is whether we can quicken the pace of decarbonisation (脱碳) to match the coming growth in energy consumption as AI becomes increasingly rooted in our society.(现在的问题是，随着人工智能越来越植根于我们的社会，我们能否加快脱碳步伐，以适应即将到来的能源消耗增长。)”可知，在我们达到拐点之前，我们首要的任务是加快脱碳的步伐，以适应能源消耗的快速上升，即在急需能源的人工智能和脱碳之间寻求平衡。故选C。
33．C 34．D 35．A 36．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了教育中的关系建立及其重要性。作者通过自己的教学经验和母亲的实例，证明了教师和学生之间良好关系对学生学习积极性的影响。
33．推理判断题。根据第一段中“And one of the things that are not often noticed is the importance of relationships. Someone says that no important learning can happen without an important relationship. That’s true. Kids may not even learn from people they don’t like.(其中一件不常被注意到的事情是人际关系的重要性。有人说，没有重要的关系，就不会有重要的学习。这是真的。孩子们甚至可能不会向他们不喜欢的人学习)”可知，作者在第一段中阐述了自己关于教学的观点：没有重要的人际关系，就不会有重要的学习，告诉我们人际关系在教学中的重要价值。故选C项。
34．推理判断题。根据第二段中“A student missed 18. I put a “+2” on his paper and a big smiling face. I said to him, “You got two right. You didn’t miss them all. And when we review this, won’t you do better ” He said, “Yes, I can do better.” You see, “-18” may be a blow to his pride, but “+2” said, “I am not all bad.”(一个学生漏了18分。我在他的纸上写了一个“+2”和一个大大的笑脸。我对他说：“你对了两个。你没有全错。等我们温习的时候，你会不会做得更好 ”他说：“对，我能做得更好。”你看，“-18”可能会打击他的自尊心，但“+2”表明，“我并非一无是处。”)”可知，20道题学生错了18道，如果直接写错了18道，这可能会打击学生的自尊心和自信心。而作者在试卷上写下“+2”并画一个大大的笑脸，是为了认可学生的努力，表明他珍视学生给出的两个正确答案。这有助于让学生对自己的表现感觉良好，并鼓励他在未来做得更好。故选D项。
35．推理判断题。根据第三段中“After she retired (退休), some of her kids came and said to her, “You know, Ms. Walker, you made a difference in my life. You made me feel like I was somebody.” When my mama died, there were so many students at her funeral (葬礼). (她退休后，
她的一些孩子来对她说：“你知道吗，沃克女士，你改变了我的生活。你让我觉得自己很重要。”我妈妈去世的时候，有很多学生参加了她的葬礼)”可知，作者的妈妈沃克女士改变了很多孩子的生活，让他们觉得自己很重要，所以学生们对她充满了感激之情。故选A项。
36．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Someone says that no important learning can happen without an important relationship. That’s true. Kids may not even learn from people they don’t like.(有人说，没有重要的关系，就不会有重要的学习。这是真的。孩子们甚至可能不会向他们不喜欢的人学习)”和最后一段中“Teaching and learning should bring joy. How influential our world would be if we had kids who were not afraid to take risks, Who were not afraid to think, and who had a champion (拥护者)! Every child should have a champion, an adult who will never give up on them, and who understands the influence of connection and believes that they can become the best.(教与学应该带来快乐。如果我们的孩子不害怕冒险，不害怕思考，有一个拥护者，我们的世界将会多么有影响力啊!每个孩子都应该有一个拥护者，一个永远不会放弃他们的成年人，一个理解关系的作用并相信他们可以成为最好人的成年人)”可知，这篇文章讨论了教育中的人际关系至关重要，可以对学生的生活产生持久的影响。因此，每个孩子都需要一个永远不会放弃他们，并相信他们能成为最好的自己的成年“拥护者”。“每个孩子都需要一个拥护者”这个标题与文本的主题保持一致，强调积极关系的重要作用。故选B项。
37．B 38．A 39．C 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了怀疑对科学发展的重要性。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话“But doubt in science is a feature, not a bug.(但科学上的怀疑是一个特征，而不是一个错误。)”可知，科学质疑是特征而非错误。故选B项。
38．词义猜测题。根据划线单词下文“In the long run, many of them are challenged and even overturned. Doubt might be troubling, but it impels us towards a better understanding; certainties, as reassuring as they may seem, in fact hold back the scientific process.(从长远来看，其中许多都受到挑战甚至被推翻。怀疑可能会令人不安，但它促使我们更好地理解；确定性虽然看起来令人安心，但实际上却阻碍了科学进程。)”可知，怀疑，假设促进科学的发展，这说明假设是科学的一部分，结合划线单词所在句子“Scientific findings are hypotheses that encompass the state of knowledge at a given moment.(科学发现是encompass特定时刻知识状态的假设。)”可推知，科学发现包含特定时刻知识的假设，encompass是“包含;包括”的意思。与A项“Include.(包括)”意思一样，故选A。
39． 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话 “certainties, as reassuring as they may seem, in fact hold back the scientific process(确定性虽然看起来令人安心，但实际上却阻碍了科学进程。)” 可知，“确定性”虽然看起来很令人放心，但实际上影响了科学发展的进程。故选C项。
40．细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话“Failures are part of the scientific process and should be taught along with successes.(失败是科学过程的一部分，应该与成功一起被教授。)” 可知，失败也是科学进程的一部分，应该和成功一起被传授。故选B项。
第二期
专题07 阅读理解之议论文10篇
（2024·贵州·模拟预测）Do you have a suit or dress in the closet that you haven’t worn for years but are reluctant to get rid of Maybe you say, “I can’t throw that away because I paid good money for it ”. If you recognize this in yourself, then you are suffering from commitment to the sunk cost fallacy (谬论). It occurs when we feel that we have invested too much to quit. This psychological trap causes us to stick with a plan even if it no longer serves us and the costs clearly outweigh the benefits.
Arkes and Blumer conducted a survey showing that people are influenced by sunk cost fallacy in their decisions. Participants imagined spending $100 on a ski trip to Michigan and $50 on Wisconsin, realizing later they were for the same weekend. They were told Wisconsin would be more enjoyable. When asked which trip to take, 54% chose Michigan despite the reasonable choice being Wisconsin, because they had made a greater initial investment.
Sunk cost fallacy takes place when we let emotions cloud our decisions. Once we’ve invested in a choice, we feel guilt or regret if we don’t follow through. We fail to realize that past costs won’t be recovered. Instead, we base decisions on past costs, ignoring present and future costs and benefits. This may be due to loss aversion (厌恶), where losses feel worse than gains. We avoid losses, making choices based on avoiding the “loss” of our past investment instead of considering the benefits gained if we don’t continue our commitment.
No one can deny the fact that we benefit a lot from perseverance. So our society loves to emphasize perseverance. Never give up! Don’t waste. But only you know the right path for you. Sometimes walking away is the hardest choice of all. You might realize a path you’re on is no longer the right one or never was. That’s a painful realization.
1．What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A．People benefit from sticking with a plan. B．People’s consumption view has changed.
C．People refuse to give up the past commitment. D．People’s clothes are becoming more expensive.
2．Why did more than half of the participants choose the trip to Michigan in the survey
A．To save more of the loss. B．To appear more reasonable.
C．To make a greater investment. D．To enjoy more of themselves.
3．When does “sunk cost fallacy” occur
A．When we don’t follow through our choices.
B．When we don’t continue our commitment.
C．When we stop feeling guilty and regretful.
D．When we make decisions based on past costs emotionally.
4．What is the author’s attitude toward “perseverance”
A．Favorable. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
（2024·江西赣州·一模）I dropped “rizz” into a conversation at home as a test to see my son’s familiarity with Internet slang. “Don’t say that,” he said. “You sound terrible.” In terms of ego, it was a failure. But as a test of generational differences in language use, it was a success.
I read in a newspaper that Oxford University Press had chosen “rizz” as the word of 2023. Short for charisma, rizz is defined as “style, charm, or attractiveness”. Internet slang has been confusing and difficult for me to understand. Considering it enjoys great popularity among Gen Z associates, as a Gen X director, should I keep up with the Internet slang and be prepared for it at work
One thing is clear: The attempt to resist is in vain. Internet slang is a product of its time. Technology makes humour more important. Slang, says Erica Dhawan, author of Digital Body Language, “can create closeness with colleagues when body language is no longer the primary communication”.
That doesn’t mean Gen X leaders should be trying to drop “rizz” into conversation. It is embarrassing. Partly it seems fake, but also because it is hard to keep up with the way language changes if not immersed in it. Tony Thorne, of the Slang and New Language Archive at King’s College London, says Gen Z is “heavily influenced by viral trends, it is not strictly only verbal ... it always has one eye on visual metaphors and allusions (影射) too”.
Workplace norms evolve. Just five years ago senior leaders were complaining about headphones in the office, Dhawan points out. “Now they’re normal.” So too with language. Slang slips into common usage quickly. Oxford University Press’s past years words include “vax”, “toxic” and “climate emergency”, all of which seem fairly mainstream now. Who signs their emails with “Yours faithfully” Far more common is: “Thanks”, “Kind regards” or “Best wishes”.
I still frown when I see signoffs like KR or BW-but give me another year, Thx.
5．What advantage does Internet slang bring to people according to Erica Dhawan
A．Close relationships. B．High working efficiency.
C．Personal popularity. D．Good reputation.
6．What should Gen X leaders do with Internet slang
A．Oppose it. B．Keep up with it. C．Let it slide. D．Use it in conversation.
7．What does the author think of senior leaders’ acceptance of Internet slang
A．It’s hard to tell. B．It’s a matter of time.
C．It’s a piece of cake. D．It’s out of the question.
8．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．Where Internet Slang Will Lead the Gen X
B．Why Internet Slang Is a Riddle for Bosses
C．How Internet Slang Affects Relationship among Colleagues
D．What Role the Youth Play in the Development of Language
（23-24高三下·江西·阶段练习）By experiencing the sensations of the reality around us, we create a subjective understanding of what reality is. Language came into being with the development of mankind. It requires the use of more than one of the basic five human senses, which shows that language is a complex process that brings huge power along with it. This power is so strong that it can demonstrate that language can influence the way we think. Language can be an amazing tool for change, both positive and negative.
Language can completely change our perception of time. The changed perception of time isn’t the only way language affects how we think. Our sense of self is also significantly changed, especially if a person is bilingual (双语的). Depending on which language a person who is bilingual is using, his sense of self changes. The differences may even become so great as to change his personalities.
Word teaching plays an important part in education, so to expand language is to expand the ability to think. We can see this in children, whose thinking develops hand in hand with language. It helps a great deal to increase their “word power” by learning new words in order to develop new ideas and new ways of thinking.
The increase in “word power” extends to those who lack the sense of hearing, thanks to the modern invention of sign language. Since the beginning, sign language has allowed deaf people to become fully literate. Whether we are deaf or not, language transforms experience and connects us to the past as well as the future. Be mindful of how important language is to our perception of reality and all its various aspects, and we can empower ourselves beyond our present limitations and expand our awareness.
9．What is the relationship between language and senses
A．Opposite. B．Correlative. C．Independent. D．Competitive.
10．What does paragraph 2 highlight about language
A．Its role. B．Its formation.
C．Its changes. D．Its differences.
11．How can children’s thinking ability be developed according to the text
A．By enlarging their vocabulary.
B．By learning about their limitations.
C．By changing their ways of speaking.
D．By transforming their past experiences.
12．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Why Does Language Connect Us Closely
B．When Should We Achieve Language Skills
C．How Does Language Influence Our Thoughts
D．What Should We Do to Learn Language Well
（23-24高三下·河南·阶段练习）Going through life can be very challenging at times. When we were young no one told us how hard it would be in the future. One of the biggest problems of adult life is having self-doubt. It is tiresome and can kill your confidence if not controlled from the get-go.
We will all experience self-doubt, which is natural. It happens to us during normal days or whenever we are going to start a new job, a new task, or a new relationship. Anything new in life will make you somehow doubt yourself. This sort of feeling forces you into a dark abyss (深渊) where nothing seems to go right and you might feel like giving up. That is the time to be strong.
There are some people out there that mistake self-doubt for something else. Self-doubt is the feeling that you are unsure about one or more parts of yourself. For example, when starting a new job, you might feel inexperienced or think that you are not fit enough for the job.
Self-doubt isn’t all that bad. Low-level of self-criticism is actually good for you. It motivates you and pushes you to be better in life, to become greater than yesterday. Such feeling will push you to work harder and faster than before and will also increase your productivity, but it should be a low level of self-criticism. You don’t want to punish yourself over things that are beyond your control.
In order to be a better version of ourselves, tough love can be a good motivator but we don’t need to become a drill sergeant (教官) while doing that. Over-criticizing ourselves actually does more harm than good, and I say this from experience. Overworking and a fear of failure only lead to self-damage.
13．What does the author want to convey about self-doubt in Paragraph 1
A．Its levels. B．Its causes. C．Its types. D．Its harms.
14．What’s the author’s view about self-doubt
A．It is an unnatural thing for all of us. B．It can happen anywhere at any time.
C．It only makes us weak and disappointed. D．It can be easily avoided with our efforts.
15．Why does the author talk about a new job in Paragraph 3
A．To state how hard it is to start it. B．To stress it needs our experience.
C．To explain how self-doubt starts. D．To tell the normal feelings to get it.
16．Self-doubt is beneficial only when ________.
A．you keep it at a proper level B．you overlook yourself
C．you punish yourself often D．you work all the time
（2024·全国·模拟预测）In school, we learned the periodic table and were told to recite the alphabet, but nobody forced us to take a class on what emotions are and how they work before we entered the big world. And for many of us, that means understanding how we feel and why can be incredibly difficult.
Yet, research shows that being aware of your emotions is hugely beneficial and people with high emotional awareness have better social and emotional functioning. In layman’s terms, that can translate as being able to predict your emotions and develop coping mechanisms in advance, becoming wise to unhealthy behavior patterns, and even being more in tune with the needs of others.
“Emotional awareness is being able to identify and make sense of not only our own emotions but those of others. It’s absolutely essential in maintaining good mental health,” explains Rachel Vora, psychotherapist and founder of CYP Wellbeing. “When we are able to identify and reflect on our emotional responses, we can understand how this influences our behaviors and in turn, change the way we respond to challenging situations.”
Of course, pinpointing how we feel can often prove difficult. It’s the very reason we turn to general phrases like “I feel blue” or “I’m not myself today”. Vora says this is often because on some level we don’t want to know how we really feel. “We can often try to numb (使麻木), suppress or avoid emotions because they feel overwhelming or distressing and this can often lead to a lack of emotional awareness as we feel disconnected from ourselves,” she explains.
Without emotional awareness, we can also develop emotional blind spots: unhealthy thoughts, behaviors and coping mechanisms that are hidden from our view. Perhaps you may feel self-doubt when you receive negative feedback. Unless you take time for introspection (反省), you’ll remain unaware of these habits. Vora says tuning into your emotions and honestly reflecting on how you feel is key. “By identifying our emotional blind spots, we can feel more in control of our emotions, how to improve our mood and also how we respond in challenging situations.”
17．What can we know about people with high emotional awareness
A．They can foresee their emotions.
B．They solve problems ahead of time.
C．They always keep positive attitude.
D．They can avoid unhealthy behaviors.
18．How does Vora view emotional awareness
A．It can be gained without difficulty.
B．It is vital for us to keep mental health.
C．It can enable us to respond to challenges easily.
D．It is helpful to understand most people’s emotions.
19．What does the word “this” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．We don’t know how we feel.
B．We lack emotional awareness.
C．We can’t control our emotions.
D．We describe our emotions with difficulty.
20．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．How to control our mood.
B．What to do with our habits.
C．When to practise self-reflection.
D．How to develop emotional awareness.
（2024·甘肃平凉·模拟预测）A recent report from the United Nations group UNESCO warns that using technology in classes may not help as much as many people believe. The report suggests that technology should be used less in schools, and that smartphones should be banned from classrooms.
The goal of the new report was to improve how technology is used in education. It says that technology can be helpful, but it shouldn’t be the focus. “Too much attention on technology in education usually comes at a high cost,” the report says.
These days, it’s common for students to use computers or tablets (平板电脑). In many places, it’s normal for students to look up information on the internet rather than using books. UNESCO claims that technology changes so fast that it’s hard to study how it really affects students.
The new report says that many of the studies show that technology helps students come from rich countries. As classes moved online during the Covid-19 pandemic, the use of technology in education grew even more quickly. Many students were forced to study at home, using video calls to communicate with their teachers. But the report points out that around 500 million students were unable to take part in online classes. That’s one example of what UNESCO says is a larger problem — that the advantages of technology aren’t evenly shared. People and countries with less money are often left out.
UNESCO admits that technology can help in many ways. It can allow students to learn in ways that are more
interesting; it can also help teachers explain difficult ideas; it can also help students who have special needs. But UNESCO says technology can also be very perturbing. One study showed that when students use phones in class, it can interfere with their learning. Even so, less than 25% of the world’s countries ban phones in schools.
The report suggests that the best way to learn is still to work closely with teachers. Working with other classmates also helps students learn. UNESCO says that most schools should spend more money on things like books, classrooms, and teachers.
21．Why does the report suggest using technology less in schools
A．It changes too fast for students to adapt.
B．Most countries cannot afford to invest in it.
C．It makes no difference to improving education.
D．It may not be as effective as initially thought.
22．What is the “larger problem” that UNESCO refers to in paragraph 4
A．The pandemic has affected most countries.
B．Fewer students keep discipline in online classes.
C．High-tech devices are unevenly distributed.
D．Teachers’ training in technology use is not enough.
23．Which word can best replace the underlined word “perturbing” in paragraph 5
A．Distracting. B．Confusing. C．Interesting. D．Frightening.
24．What does UNESCO suggest schools do
A．Explore innovative teaching methods.
B．Increase the expense on teaching staff.
C．Stress the importance of quality education.
D．Update technology and digital resources in time.
（23-24高三下·黑龙江·阶段练习）My eleven-year-old son reads a lot, but for the past year he’s only been reading comics or graphic (图解的) novels. In my view, these are the books made up, mainly, of cartoons and speech bubbles and are lacking in full pages of text. As a PhD in classical literature, I turn my nose up at my son’s comics, considering them just picture books.
My son has argued well for his cause. His claim is that comics are literature or close enough and they do contain many of the basic elements of any novel: plot, backstory, dialogue and etc. But my view is that language is unique. The complicated details of plot, emotion, and inner thought that words alone can convey are surely lost when graphics take their place. And if the pictures are already there for you, what work is left to the imagination
According to the view of some experts on parenting, we should encourage our kids to love books in all shapes and forms, without limiting the type of books they should love. I see their point, but I also worry that laziness might be playing a role here and that’s a motivation I’m less happy to ics are simply easier to read than other kinds of books; they demand less attention and my suspicion is that they become appealing for that very reason. While this is a fine way to help early or reluctant (不情愿的) readers get into better habits of reading, I’m not so sure the same is true for older kids. In an age of instant satisfaction from fragmentation (碎片化) reading, we are all losing the ability to focus on longer texts, and that’s worrisome.
My son is in his academic and emotional development. I want him to be reading things that will challenge him and force him to think deeply and critically, which will help him improve. Isn’t this what reading is for Do his comic books have such power
25．What is the author’s attitude toward comics according to paragraph 1
A．Dismissive B．Approving C．Unclear D．Objective
26．Why does the author think graphics cannot take the place of language
A．Plot can only be expressed by language.
B．All the details cannot be conveyed by graphics.
C．Language can show the basic storyline more clearly.
D．Graphics fail to develop children’s interest in reading.
27．What do we know about the author’s son
A．He likes reading books with full pages of text.
B．He thinks comics give much space for imagination.
C．He believes comics share many similarities with novels.
D．He claims comics are easier to read than other kinds of books.
28．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To advise kids to get rid of reading comics.
B．To show the significance of reading for children.
C．To share her worry about her son’s choice of reading.
D．To compare the differences between comics and novels.
（23-24高三下·河南·阶段练习）It is a strange coincidence(巧合) that as humanity attempts to greatly reduce its carbon emissions(排放), it is also rushing to develop a technology that could, in theory, consume an unlimited amount of energy.
Doing things against facts is a dangerous game, but you can picture a world in which, having chosen to start
dealing with climate change properly in the 1990s, we would be just wrapping up the gentle path to net-zero emissions in time for a rapid AI increase fuelled by green power. Instead, we find ourselves at risk of running a 21st-century technology on a 20th-century energy supply.
If you live in the US, every time you use an AI model, around 20 per cent of the electricity required will be produced by burning coal. The explosive growth of AI makes this an even more pressing concern. According to one analysis, if Google chose to shift to an entirely AI-powered search business, its electricity consumption could match that of some countries.
Such estimates may be magnified, but evidence of rising power consumption from AI is all around. Microsoft is placing bets on nuclear plants to power its data centres, while the English government has promised to boost its national computing capacity by 50 per cent by 2025, which would help it keep pace with rapid AI developments in the world.
Thankfully, we may soon reach a turning point. As is reported, this year the global power department came close to reaching peak greenhouse gas emissions, as the switch from fossil(化石) fuels to clean and renewable sources is well underway. The question now is whether we can quicken the pace of decarbonisation (脱碳) to match the coming growth in energy consumption as AI becomes increasingly rooted in our society. Silicon Valley’s intelligent machines may grab the headlines and the imagination, but the people really inventing the future are working in the energy department.
29．What can we learn from paragraph 2
A．Carbon emissions have been reduced a lot.
B．The reality is far from what we expected.
C．The rapid AI increase brings many benefits.
D．Climate change poses a threat to green electricity supply.
30．Why is electricity consumption a major concern
A．More AI models mean burning more coal.
B．Many countries turn to nuclear plants for power.
C．There is a lack of ban on tech-giants’ electricity consumption.
D．Google’s electricity consumption equals that of some countries.
31．What does the underlined word “magnified” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Overstated. B．Undervalued. C．Common. D．Reasonable.
32．What would be our primary task before we reach a turning point
A．Shifting to a fully AI-powered search business.
B．Achieving net-zero emissions as soon as possible.
C．Balancing energy-hungry AI with decarbonisation.
D．Creating an unlimited energy-consuming technology.
（23-24高三上·山西吕梁·阶段练习）Both my parents were educators, and for the past 40 years, I’ve done the same thing. For years, I have watched people teach. And one of the things that are not often noticed is the importance of relationships. Someone says that no important learning can happen without an important relationship. That’s true. Kids may not even learn from people they don’t like.
How do I build relationships with kids and look after kids I once gave a test — 20 questions. A student missed 18. I put a “+2” on his paper and a big smiling face. I said to him, “You got two right. You didn’t miss them all. And when we review this, won’t you do better ” He said, “Yes, I can do better.” You see, “-18” may be a blow to his pride, but “+2” said, “I am not all bad.”
And for years, I watched my mother take the time at recess (课间休息) to review, go on home visits in the afternoon, and buy small gifts for kids. After she retired (退休), some of her kids came and said to her, “You know, Ms. Walker, you made a difference in my life. You made me feel like I was somebody.” When my mama died, there were so many students at her funeral (葬礼). It brought tears to my eyes, not because she was gone, but because she left a treasure of relationships that could never disappear. Can we have more relationships Of course, yes. And we teach anyway, no matter what kinds of kids we have.
Teaching and learning should bring joy. How influential our world would be if we had kids who were not afraid to take risks, Who were not afraid to think, and who had a champion (拥护者)! Every child should have a champion, an adult who will never give up on them, and who understands the influence of connection and believes that they can become the best.
33．What is the author’s purpose in writing the first paragraph
A．To show the key to people’s success.
B．To show the importance of education.
C．To tell us the value of relationship in teaching.
D．To introduce his parents’ teaching experience.
34．Why did the author put “+2” on the student’s paper
A．To draw his attention.
B．To tell him grades didn’t matter.
C．To show the two sides of the same coin.
D．To make him feel better and encourage him.
35．What do we know about Ms. Walker
A．Her students were full of thanks to her.
B．She was strict with her students.
C．Many of her students were successful.
D．Her death made the author hopeless.
36．What may be the best title for the text
A．What a teacher does
B．Every child needs a champion
C．How students learn from their teachers
D．Relationship influences kids’ school life
（2024·江西·一模）The confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what people would like it to be. When I asked students at the beginning of the year how they would define science, many of them replied that it is an objective way of discovering certainties about the world. But science cannot provide certainties.
But doubt in science is a feature, not a bug. Indeed, the paradox (悖论) is that science, when properly functioning, questions accepted facts and yields both new knowledge and new questions—not certainty. Doubt does not create trust, nor does it help public understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions
As a historian of science, I would argue that it’s the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often perceived as its weakness: its drive to question and challenge a hypothesis (假设). Indeed, the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural world whenever new evidence emerges from either experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are hypotheses that encompass the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the long run, many of them are challenged and even overturned. Doubt might be troubling, but it impels us towards a better understanding; certainties, as reassuring as they may seem, in fact hold back the scientific process.
A more realistic understanding of how science works can contribute to a better comprehension of the decisive role of doubt and skepticism in the scientific process. Indeed, science is not a linear (线性的) path leading from one success to another, but rather a constant reevaluation of hypotheses. Failures are part of the scientific process and should be taught along with successes.
37．What is “doubt” in science according to the text
A．It’s not right. B．It’s a feature. C．It’s a bug. D．It’s less realistic.
38．What does the underlined word “encompass” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Include. B．Oppose. C．Evaluate. D．Discover.
39．What does the author say about certainty
A．It’s a real power of science. B．It shows the weakness of science.
C．It affects the scientific process. D．It helps in discovering the world.
40．What can we learn about science
A．Science is always right. B．Failures are part of science.
C．It’s a path leading to success. D．It is based on people’s expectation.
参考答案：
1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了“沉没成本谬误”对我们的决策产生的影响。沉没成本谬误指的是当我们感觉已经投入太多而不愿放弃时产生的心理陷阱。作者指出，这种谬误导致我们坚持计划，即使它已不再对我们有益，成本明显超过收益。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Do you have a suit or dress in the closet that you haven’t worn for years but are reluctant to get rid of Maybe you say, “I can’t throw that away because I paid good money for it ” If you recognize this in yourself, then you are suffering from commitment to the sunk cost fallacy (谬论)( 你衣柜里是否有一套多年没穿过却又舍不得扔掉的西装或裙子 也许你会说，“我不能扔掉它，因为我花了很多钱？”如果你在自己身上认识到这一点，那么你就陷入了沉没成本谬论)”可知，第一段描述的是人们不愿意放弃自己已经投入太多的事情，由此不断地坚持下去，最终只会成本明显大于收益，这种现象是“沉没成本谬论”即人们拒绝放弃过去的投入。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“When asked which trip to take, 54% chose Michigan despite the reasonable choice being Wisconsin, because they had made a greater initial investment.( 当被问及该选择哪条路线时，54%的人选择了密歇根州，尽管合理的选择是威斯康星州，因为他们的初始投资更大)”可知，尽管合理的选择是威斯康星州，54%的人选择了密歇根州，因为他们的初始投资更大，即在密歇根州的旅行投入了100美元，该投入多于威斯康星州的投入，所以为了避免更多的损失（即投入的100美元），人们不会选择合理的威斯康星州，而是继续选择密歇根州。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sunk cost fallacy takes place when we let emotions cloud our decisions.(当我们让情绪影响我们的决定时，沉没成本谬误就会发生)”以及“Instead, we base decisions on past costs, ignoring present and future costs and benefits. (相反，我们的决策基于过去的成本，忽略了现在和未来的成本和收益)”可知，当我们情绪化地根据过去的成本做决定时，容易发生沉没成本谬误。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“No one can deny the fact that we benefit a lot from perseverance. So our society loves to emphasize perseverance. Never give up! Don’t waste.( 没有人能否认我们从毅力中获益良多。所以我们的社会喜欢强调毅力。永不放弃!不要浪费)”可知，此处作者强调人们可以从毅力中获益良多；同时根据本段中“ But only you know the right
path for you. Sometimes walking away is the hardest choice of all. You might realize a path you’re on is no longer the right one or never was. That’s a painful realization.(但只有你自己知道哪条路适合你。有时候，离开是最艰难的选择。你可能会意识到你所走的道路不再是正确的，或者从来就不是。这是一个痛苦的认识)”可知，此处作者强调的是毅力所导致你坚持的路不一定是正确的路，因此作者认为此时不必坚持下去，而是要选择适合自己的路，即离开当下的错误坚持。因此作者对于“毅力”的态度是有褒有贬，即客观的看待“毅力”。故选B。
5．A 6．C 7．B 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是高层领导对待网络俚语的态度。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“Slang, says Erica Dhawan, author of Digital Body Language, “can create closeness with colleagues when body language is no longer the primary communication”.(《数字肢体语言》(Digital Body Language)一书的作者Erica Dhawan表示，俚语“可以在肢体语言不再是主要交流方式的情况下，拉近同事之间的距离”。)”可知，Erica Dhawan认为网络俚语给人们带来的好处是亲密的关系，故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段“One thing is clear: The attempt to resist is in vain.(有一件事是明确的：抵抗的企图是徒劳的。)”和第四段“That doesn’t mean Gen X leaders should be trying to drop “rizz” into conversation. It is embarrassing. Partly it seems fake, but also because it is hard to keep up with the way language changes if not immersed in it.(这并不意味着X一代领导人应该试图在谈话中加入“rizz”这个词。这很尴尬。这在一定程度上似乎是假的，但也因为如果不沉浸在语言中，就很难跟上语言的变化。)”可知，X一代领导人应该由得网络语言发展，既不反对它，也不盲目跟从，也不在对话中使用，故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Workplace norms evolve. Just five years ago senior leaders were complaining about headphones in the office, Dhawan points out. “Now they’re normal.” So too with language. Slang slips into common usage quickly.(工作场所的规范在不断演变。Dhawan指出，就在五年前，高层领导还在抱怨办公室里戴着耳机。“现在他们正常了。”语言也是如此。俚语很快就变成了日常用语。)”可知，作者认为高层领导对网络俚语的接受只是时间问题，故选B。
8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Considering it enjoys great popularity among Gen Z associates, as a Gen X director, should I keep up with the Internet slang and be prepared for it at work (考虑到它在Z世代的同事中非常受欢迎，作为X世代的主管，我是否应该跟上网络
俚语，并在工作中做好准备？)”和倒数第二段“Just five years ago senior leaders were complaining about headphones in the office, Dhawan points out. “Now they’re normal.”(Dhawan指出，就在五年前，高层领导还在抱怨办公室里戴着耳机。“现在他们正常了。”)”可知，本文主要讲的是高层领导对待网络俚语的态度，突出的是高层领导对网络俚语的看法，因此最恰当的标题是B选项“Why Internet Slang Is a Riddle for Bosses(为什么网络俚语对老板来说是一个谜)”。故选B。
9．B 10．A 11．A 12．C
【导语】
本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了语言对人类感知现实、思维方式以及认知能力的影响。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“This power is so strong that it can demonstrate that language can influence the way we think.(这种力量如此强大，它可以证明语言可以影响我们的思维方式)”可知，出语言和感官之间有相关性。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段“Language can completely change our perception of time. The changed perception of time isn’t the only way language affects how we think. Our sense of self is also significantly changed, especially if a person is bilingual(语言可以完全改变我们对时间的感知。时间观念的改变并不是语言影响我们思考的唯一方式。我们的自我意识也会发生显著变化，尤其是当一个人会说两种语言的时候)”可知，第二段强调了语言的作用。故选A项。
11．细节理解题。根据第三段“Word teaching plays an important part in education, so to expand language is to expand the ability to think. We can see this in children, whose thinking develops hand in hand with language (单词教学在教育中起着重要的作用，拓展语言就是拓展思维能力。我们可以在孩子身上看到这一点，他们的思维与语言密切相关)”可知，可以通过扩大词汇量培养孩子的思维能力。故选A项。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Language came into being with the development of mankind. It requires the use of more than one of the basic five human senses, which shows that language is a complex process that brings huge power along with it(语言是随着人类的发展而产生的。它需要使用人类基本的五种感官中的一种以上，这表明语言是一个复杂的过程，它带来了巨大的力量)”、第二段“Depending on which language a person who is bilingual is using, his sense of self changes. The differences may even become so great as to change his personalities(一个会说两种语言的人，其自我意识会随着使用哪种语言而变化。这种差异甚至可能变得如此之大，以至
于改变了他的个性)”以及最后一段“Whether we are deaf or not, language transforms experience and connects us to the past as well as the future. Be mindful of how important language is to our perception of reality and all its various aspects, and we can empower ourselves beyond our present limitations and expand our awareness.(无论我们是否失聪，语言都会改变我们的经历，并将我们与过去和未来联系起来。注意语言对我们感知现实及其各个方面的重要性，我们可以超越目前的局限，增强自己的能力，扩大我们的意识)”可知，本文主要讲的是语言如何影响我们的思维。故选C项。
13．D 14．B 15．C 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。全文讲述了自我怀疑的产生、自我怀疑的利弊，以及适度自我怀疑的重要性等。
13．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Going through life can be very challenging at times. When we were young no one told us how hard it would be in the future. One of the biggest problems of adult life is having self-doubt. It is tiresome and can kill your confidence if not controlled from the get-go.(人生有时会充满挑战。当我们年轻的时候，没有人告诉我们未来会有多难。成年人生活中最大的问题之一就是自我怀疑。如果从一开始就不加以控制，这是令人厌烦的，而且会扼杀你的信心)”可知，第一段在讲述自我怀疑的危害。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段“It happens to us during normal days or whenever we are going to start a new job, a new task, or a new relationship. Anything new in life will make you somehow doubt yourself.(它发生在我们平常的日子里，或者每当我们要开始一份新工作，一项新任务，或一段新的关系。生活中的任何新事物都会让你怀疑自己)”可知，自我怀疑随时随地可能发生。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据第三段“Self-doubt is the feeling that you are unsure about one or more parts of yourself. For example, when starting a new job, you might feel inexperienced or think that you are not fit enough for the job.(自我怀疑是你对自己的一个或多个部分不确定的感觉。例如，当开始一份新工作时，你可能会觉得没有经验，或者认为自己不适合这份工作)”可推知，作者以新工作为例说明自我怀疑是如何产生的。故选C。
16．细节理解题。根据第四段“Such feeling will push you to work harder and faster than before and will also increase your productivity, but it should be a low level of self-criticism.(这种感觉会促使你比以前更努力、更快地工作，也会提高你的效率，但这应该是一种低水平的自我批评)”
可知，控制在低程度的自我怀疑是有好处。故选A。
17．A 18．B 19．D 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了情绪意识的重要性，提出了解自己的情绪对于维持良好的心理健康和社交功能的重要性。
17．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Yet, research shows that being aware of your emotions is hugely beneficial and people with high emotional awareness have better social and emotional functioning. In layman’s terms, that can translate as being able to predict your emotions and develop coping mechanisms in advance, becoming wise to unhealthy behavior patterns, and even being more in tune with the needs of others.(然而，研究表明，意识到自己的情绪是非常有益的，情绪意识高的人有更好的社交和情感功能。用外行的话来说，这可以解释为能够预测你的情绪，提前发展应对机制，对不健康的行为模式变得明智，甚至更能与他人的需求保持一致。)”可知，情绪意识高的人有更好的社交和情感功能，能够提前预测自己的情绪。故选A。
18．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““Emotional awareness is being able to identify and make sense of not only our own emotions but those of others. It’s absolutely essential in maintaining good mental health,” explains Rachel Vora, psychotherapist and founder of CYP Wellbeing. “When we are able to identify and reflect on our emotional responses, we can understand how this influences our behaviors and in turn, change the way we respond to challenging situations.”(“情绪意识不仅是能够识别和理解我们自己的情绪，也能理解他人的情绪。这对保持良好的心理健康是绝对必要的，”心理治疗师、CYP wellness的创始人Rachel Vora解释说。“当我们能够识别和反思我们的情绪反应时，我们就能理解这是如何影响我们的行为的，进而改变我们应对挑战的方式。”)”可知，Vora提到情绪意识是心理健康的重要组成部分，因为它可以帮助我们理解和管理自己的情绪，从而更好地应对挑战和压力。因此，Vora认为情绪意识对于保持心理健康非常重要。故选B。
19．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Of course, pinpointing how we feel can often prove difficult. It’s the very reason we turn to general phrases like “I feel blue” or “I’m not myself today”.(当然，准确地指出我们的感受往往是困难的。这就是为什么我们会说“我感觉很沮丧”或“我今天不是我自己”。)”可知，Vora所说的“this”指的是我们很难准确表达出自己的感受。故选D。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Without emotional awareness, we can also develop emotional blind spots: unhealthy thoughts, behaviors and coping mechanisms that are hidden from our view. Perhaps you may feel self-doubt when you receive negative feedback. Unless you take time for introspection (反省), you’ll remain unaware of these habits. Vora says tuning into your emotions and honestly reflecting on how you feel is key. “By identifying our emotional blind spots, we can feel more in control of our emotions, how to improve our mood and also how we respond in challenging situations.”(如果没有情感意识，我们也会形成情感盲点：不健康的想法、行为和应对机制，这些都是我们看不到的。也许当你收到负面反馈时，你会感到自我怀疑。除非你花时间自省，否则你不会意识到这些习惯。Vora说，调整自己的情绪，诚实地反思自己的感受是关键。“通过识别我们的情绪盲点，我们可以更好地控制我们的情绪，如何改善我们的情绪，以及我们如何应对具有挑战性的情况。”)”可知，最后一段讲述了情感意识的重要性以及提出我们应该如何培养我们的情感意识。故选D。
21．D 22．C 23．A 24．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了科技在学习中所起的作用。
21．推理判断题。根据第一段“A recent report from the United Nations group UNESCO warns that using technology in classes may not help as much as many people believe.”（联合国教科文组织最近的一份报告警告说，在课堂上使用技术可能没有很多人认为的那么有帮助。）可知，为什么报告建议在学校少使用科技产品是因为它可能没有最初想象的那么有效。故选D项。
22．推理判断题。根据第四段中“That’s one example of what UNESCO says is a larger problem—that the advantages of technology aren’t evenly shared.”（这是联合国教科文组织所说的一个更大问题的一个例子——技术的优势并没有被平均分享。）可推断，技术的优势没有得到平均分享。故选C项。
23．词义猜测题。根据下文“One study showed that when students use phones in class, it can interfere with their learning.”（一项研究表明，当学生在课堂上使用手机时，它会干扰他们的学习。）可知，但联合国教科文组织表示，技术也可以令人分心。故划线词的意思是“分心”。故选A项。
24．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“UNESCO says that most schools should spend more money on things like books, classrooms, and teachers.”（联合国教科文组织表示，大多数学校应该在书籍、教室和教师等方面投入更多资金以上翻译结果来自有道神经网络翻译
（YNMT）· 通用场景。）可知，联合国教科文组织表示，大多数学校应该在书籍、教室和教师等方面投入更多资金。故选B项。
25．A 26．B 27．C 28．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕作者对其儿子阅读习惯（偏爱漫画或图解小说）的看法和担忧展开，表达了自己的观点。
25．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“As a PhD in classical literature, I turn my nose up at my son’s comics, considering them just picture books.(作为古典文学博士，我对儿子的漫画不屑一顾，认为它们只是图画书。)”可知，作者对漫画非常不屑。故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But my view is that language is unique. The complicated details of plot, emotion, and inner thought that words alone can convey are surely lost when graphics take their place.(但我的观点是，语言是独一无二的。文字所能传达的复杂情节、情感和内心想法等细节，在图形取代它们的位置时肯定会消失。)”可知，作者认为图形不能表达文字所能传达出的复杂情节、情感和内心想法等。故选B。
27．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“My son has argued well for his cause. His claim is that comics are literature or close enough and they do contain many of the basic elements of any novel: plot, backstory, dialogue and etc. (我儿子为他的选择辩护得很好。他的观点是，漫画是文学或足够接近文学，它们确实包含了任何小说的许多基本元素：情节、背景故事、对话等等。)”可知，作者的儿子认为漫画是文学或足够接近文学，两者非常相似，都有基本元素：情节、背景故事、对话等等。故选C。
28．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“While this is a fine way to help early or reluctant(不情愿的) readers get into better habits of reading, I’m not so sure the same is true for older kids. In an age of instant satisfaction from fragmentation(碎片化) reading, we are all losing the ability to focus on longer texts, and that’s worrisome.(虽然这是一个很好的方法来帮助早期或不情愿的读者养成更好的阅读习惯，但我不确定这对大一点的孩子来说是否适用。在一个从碎片化阅读中获得即时满足感的时代，我们都在失去专注于较长文本的能力，这令人担忧。)”以及最后一段“My son is in his academic and emotional development. I want him to be reading things that will challenge him and force him to think deeply and critically, which will help him improve. Isn’t this what reading is for Do his comic books have such power (我儿子正处于学业和情感发展阶段。我希望他读的东西能够挑战他，迫使他进行深入和批判性的思考，这将有助于他的进步。这
不就是读书的目的吗？他的漫画书有这样的影响力吗？)”可推测，作者写这篇文章是为了和读者分享其自己儿子只阅读漫画的担忧。故选C。
29．B 30．A 31．A 32．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者就如何平衡AI不断增长的能源需求和碳排放的压力这一话题展开讨论。
29．推理判断题。根据第二段“Doing things against facts is a dangerous game, but you can picture a world in which, having chosen to start dealing with climate change properly in the 1990s, we would be just wrapping up the gentle path to net-zero emissions in time for a rapid AI increase fuelled by green power. Instead, we find ourselves at risk of running a 21st-century technology on a 20th-century energy supply.(违背事实行事是一场危险的游戏，但你可以想象这样一个世界：在20世纪90年代选择开始正确应对气候变化后，我们就在及时结束实现净零排放的温和道路，以实现绿色能源推动的人工智能快速增长。相反，我们发现自己面临着在20世纪的能源供应上运行21世纪技术的风险。)”可知，人类自20世纪90年代就致力于应对气候变化，本应及时达到净零排放，实现绿色能源推动的人工智能的快速增长，而事实却是，我们发现自己处于使用20世纪的能源来驱动21世纪的科技的危险境地，由此可推测出，现实并不是我们期待的那样。故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If you live in the US, every time you use an AI model, around 20 per cent of the electricity required will be produced by burning coal. The explosive growth of AI makes this an even more pressing concern.(如果你住在美国，每次使用人工智能模型，所需电力的20%左右将通过燃烧煤炭产生。人工智能的爆炸式增长使这成为一个更加紧迫的问题。)”可知，AI产品越多，用电就越多，煤炭燃烧就越多，这是一个很紧迫的问题。故选A。
31．词义猜测题。上一段中的“According to one analysis, if Google chose to shift to an entirely AI-powered search business, its electricity consumption could match that of some countries.(根据一项分析，如果谷歌选择转向完全由人工智能驱动的搜索业务，其耗电量可能与一些国家相当。)”提到如果谷歌转变为全部由AI驱动的搜索引擎业务，它的电消耗估计比得上一些国家的电消耗量了。再结合画线词所在句中的“but evidence of rising power consumption from AI is all around(但人工智能电消耗上升的证据无处不在)”可知，此处表示这样的估计有点夸张，但是问题确实存在。magnify意为“放大”，与overstate意思最接近。故选A。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The question now is whether we can quicken the pace of decarbonisation (脱碳) to match the coming growth in energy consumption as AI becomes increasingly rooted in our society.(现在的问题是，随着人工智能越来越植根于我们的社会，我们能否加快脱碳步伐，以适应即将到来的能源消耗增长。)”可知，在我们达到拐点之前，我们首要的任务是加快脱碳的步伐，以适应能源消耗的快速上升，即在急需能源的人工智能和脱碳之间寻求平衡。故选C。
33．C 34．D 35．A 36．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了教育中的关系建立及其重要性。作者通过自己的教学经验和母亲的实例，证明了教师和学生之间良好关系对学生学习积极性的影响。
33．推理判断题。根据第一段中“And one of the things that are not often noticed is the importance of relationships. Someone says that no important learning can happen without an important relationship. That’s true. Kids may not even learn from people they don’t like.(其中一件不常被注意到的事情是人际关系的重要性。有人说，没有重要的关系，就不会有重要的学习。这是真的。孩子们甚至可能不会向他们不喜欢的人学习)”可知，作者在第一段中阐述了自己关于教学的观点：没有重要的人际关系，就不会有重要的学习，告诉我们人际关系在教学中的重要价值。故选C项。
34．推理判断题。根据第二段中“A student missed 18. I put a “+2” on his paper and a big smiling face. I said to him, “You got two right. You didn’t miss them all. And when we review this, won’t you do better ” He said, “Yes, I can do better.” You see, “-18” may be a blow to his pride, but “+2” said, “I am not all bad.”(一个学生漏了18分。我在他的纸上写了一个“+2”和一个大大的笑脸。我对他说：“你对了两个。你没有全错。等我们温习的时候，你会不会做得更好 ”他说：“对，我能做得更好。”你看，“-18”可能会打击他的自尊心，但“+2”表明，“我并非一无是处。”)”可知，20道题学生错了18道，如果直接写错了18道，这可能会打击学生的自尊心和自信心。而作者在试卷上写下“+2”并画一个大大的笑脸，是为了认可学生的努力，表明他珍视学生给出的两个正确答案。这有助于让学生对自己的表现感觉良好，并鼓励他在未来做得更好。故选D项。
35．推理判断题。根据第三段中“After she retired (退休), some of her kids came and said to her, “You know, Ms. Walker, you made a difference in my life. You made me feel like I was somebody.” When my mama died, there were so many students at her funeral (葬礼). (她退休后，
她的一些孩子来对她说：“你知道吗，沃克女士，你改变了我的生活。你让我觉得自己很重要。”我妈妈去世的时候，有很多学生参加了她的葬礼)”可知，作者的妈妈沃克女士改变了很多孩子的生活，让他们觉得自己很重要，所以学生们对她充满了感激之情。故选A项。
36．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Someone says that no important learning can happen without an important relationship. That’s true. Kids may not even learn from people they don’t like.(有人说，没有重要的关系，就不会有重要的学习。这是真的。孩子们甚至可能不会向他们不喜欢的人学习)”和最后一段中“Teaching and learning should bring joy. How influential our world would be if we had kids who were not afraid to take risks, Who were not afraid to think, and who had a champion (拥护者)! Every child should have a champion, an adult who will never give up on them, and who understands the influence of connection and believes that they can become the best.(教与学应该带来快乐。如果我们的孩子不害怕冒险，不害怕思考，有一个拥护者，我们的世界将会多么有影响力啊!每个孩子都应该有一个拥护者，一个永远不会放弃他们的成年人，一个理解关系的作用并相信他们可以成为最好人的成年人)”可知，这篇文章讨论了教育中的人际关系至关重要，可以对学生的生活产生持久的影响。因此，每个孩子都需要一个永远不会放弃他们，并相信他们能成为最好的自己的成年“拥护者”。“每个孩子都需要一个拥护者”这个标题与文本的主题保持一致，强调积极关系的重要作用。故选B项。
37．B 38．A 39．C 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了怀疑对科学发展的重要性。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话“But doubt in science is a feature, not a bug.(但科学上的怀疑是一个特征，而不是一个错误。)”可知，科学质疑是特征而非错误。故选B项。
38．词义猜测题。根据划线单词下文“In the long run, many of them are challenged and even overturned. Doubt might be troubling, but it impels us towards a better understanding; certainties, as reassuring as they may seem, in fact hold back the scientific process.(从长远来看，其中许多都受到挑战甚至被推翻。怀疑可能会令人不安，但它促使我们更好地理解；确定性虽然看起来令人安心，但实际上却阻碍了科学进程。)”可知，怀疑，假设促进科学的发展，这说明假设是科学的一部分，结合划线单词所在句子“Scientific findings are hypotheses that encompass the state of knowledge at a given moment.(科学发现是encompass特定时刻知识状态的假设。)”可推知，科学发现包含特定时刻知识的假设，encompass是“包含;包括”的意思。与A项“Include.(包括)”意思一样，故选A。
39． 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话 “certainties, as reassuring as they may seem, in fact hold back the scientific process(确定性虽然看起来令人安心，但实际上却阻碍了科学进程。)” 可知，“确定性”虽然看起来很令人放心，但实际上影响了科学发展的进程。故选C项。
40．细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话“Failures are part of the scientific process and should be taught along with successes.(失败是科学过程的一部分，应该与成功一起被教授。)” 可知，失败也是科学进程的一部分，应该和成功一起被传授。故选B项。