《2024年高考英语二轮复习增分必刷题》
专题22语法填空(2014-2019)六年真题+思维导图+实用技法 解析版
增分必刷题目录
一、2014-2019语法填空真题 P1
2019全国I卷
2019全国II卷
2019全国III卷
2019浙江卷
2018全国I卷
2018全国II卷
2018全国III卷
2018浙江6月卷
2017浙江11月卷
2017全国I卷
2017全国II卷
2017浙江卷
2016全国I卷
2016全国II卷
2016四川卷
2016浙江卷
2015全国I卷
2015全国II卷
2014全国I卷
2014全国II卷
二、语法填空9张思维导图 P28
三、语法填空八种实用解题技法 P31
2019全国I卷
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°C, there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that
populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine
lack enough data.
【答案】
61．that 62．poorly 63．of/for 64．to perform 65．have reported 66．belief 67．noting 68．higher 69．the 70．are
【分析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了近年来北极熊的生存状况。
61．考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。
62．考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
63．考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of连接，“methods of doing sth.”意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构；或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
64．考查非谓语动词。句意：跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法只是从二十世纪八十年代中期以来才开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的。主系表结构之后常用不定式作原因或目的状语。故此处填to perform。
65．考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。
66．考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处用名词形式，故填belief。
67．考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词作宾语，故填noting。
68．考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
69．考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已识别的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
70．考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，要用复数谓语，时态为一般现在时，故填are。
2019全国II卷
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 61 (be) Britain's oldest full-time employee---still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 62 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 63 (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene 64 (declare) she had no plans 65 (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, “I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 (make) over the years. I work not because I have to, 67 because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31, who works alongside her in the family business, said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call 68 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 69 joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's 70 (wonder).”
【答案】61. being 62. which 63. finally 64. declared 65. to retire 66. have made 67. but 68. saying 69. a 70. wonderful
【解析】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了九十高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作，没有退休的打算，她由此被评为“年度女士”。
61.考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
62.考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
63.考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得到认可”，故填finally。
64.考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had以及said可知，用一般过去时态，故填declared。
65.考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan，表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。
66.考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
67.考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not呼应，构成“不是……而是……”之意，故填but。
68.考查非谓语动词。前面已经有谓语动词call，故此处用非谓语动词形式，根据say与其逻辑主语call是主动关系，故填saying。
69.考查冠词用法。句意：我们还以为这是一个玩笑。此处joke为泛指，故填a。
70.考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，故填wonderful。
2019全国III卷
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On our way to the house, it was raining 61 hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take 62 (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63 dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 64 had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 65 (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya (木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 66 (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 67 (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 68 (huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we 69 (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 70 (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【答案】61. so62. to get 63. of64. who65. petition67. traditional68. hugely69. were invited70. listening
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他们去夏威夷度假途中的经历以及到了主人家后受到的礼遇，主人热情招待他们，还在工作之余带他们参加了很多当地的活动。
61.考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so...that...”意为“如此……以至于……”，固定句型。故填so。
62.考查固定搭配。本句运用了take...to do sth.，意为“花费……做某事”，故此处应填to get。
63.考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群……”。故填of。
64.考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
65.考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。
66.考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。
67.考查形容词。空格修饰名词stories，应用形容词形式，tradition的形容词为traditional，故填traditional。
68.考查副词。空格处修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge的副词为hugely，故填hugely。
69.考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。
70.考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
2019浙江卷
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___56___(have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears ___57___ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways. A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___ gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or ___59___(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ___60___(easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards The answer ___61___ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students’ grades ___62___(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn’t want ___63___(wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are ____65____(tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don’t have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
56. has/will have 57. the 58. that/which 59. cycling 60. easily 61. to 62. improved 63. to wear 64. connection/connections 65. traditional
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学生穿校服的几个好处。
56. 考查时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，
遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时will do；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是nobody，谓语用has。故填will have/has。
57. 考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
58. 考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
59. 考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
60. 考查副词。分析句式可知，设空处所给词是修饰动词see，修饰动词要用副词，因此，用easy的副词形式。故填easily。
61. 考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...表示“……的答案是……”，是固定搭配。故填to。
62. 考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去时，主句用一般过去式。故填improved。
63. 考查固定用法。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填to wear。
64. 考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词，“联系”的意思，因此，要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。
65. 考查形容词。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。这里作表语，常用形容词，tradition是名词，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。
2018全国I卷
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise … it’s probably running. To avoid knee
pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need to run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.
【答案】
61．longer 62．to see 63．dying 64．is 65．than 66．that \which 67．causes 68．strengthen 69．energetic 70．it
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们减少疾病发生，延年益寿。
61．考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。
62．考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑的太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。
63．考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
64．考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。
65．考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知，此处填than。
66．考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。
67．考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。空格处做from的宾语，前面有all可知，要用名词复数形式。故填causes。
68．考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符号，其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。
69．考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
70．考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为：试试。此处it可以指running。故填it。
2018全国II卷
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diets have changed in China and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 61 (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice
64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 66 (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005- when the government 68 (start) a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放）of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China’s approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.
【答案】61．has grown 62．the 63．actually 64．to improve 65．than 66．pollution 67．global 68．started 69．that/which 70．feeding
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名认识的认可。
61．考查时态。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。
62．考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。
63．考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
64．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。
65．考查连词。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词less可知，填比较连词。故填than。
66．考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。
67．考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。
68．考查谓语动词。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。
69．考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
70．考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原则：在时间
状语从句、条件状语从句、，让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。
点睛： 两个破折号中间只有一个定语从句，破折号中间的所有内容起到解释说明作用，本题中的是状语成分，when引导的是一个时间状语从句，状语从句中含有一个含空的定语从句。由于从句中须有一个谓语动词所以小题9看句意用过去时。
2018全国III卷
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
I’m not sure 61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 63 (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 65 (challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a 66 (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 67 these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68 (they) alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69 (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: “I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!” Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay) and watch.
【答案】
61．who 62．the 63．loudest 64．looking 65．challenged 66．scientist 67．for 68．them 69．meant 70．to stay
【分析】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在中非偶遇大猩猩，彼此惊恐的经历。
61．考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定谁更害怕，我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示“谁”，故用who。
62．考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
63．考查最高级。根据后面的of all可知，他声音最大，所以用最高级loudest。
64．考查动词。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。
65．考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。
66．考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。
67．考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。
68．考查代词。此处做find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。
69．考查谓语动词。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。
70．考查非谓语动词。固定短语allow sb to do允许某人做某事，应该用to stay。
【点睛】此题考查固定搭配较多，其中第2,4,7，10 都为固定搭配，对于这类题目我们需要熟练掌握动词的固定搭配以及介词短语。而此题的第一题则考查从句，对于从句我们可以通过分析句子成分确定连接词的选择。如本题为宾语从句，宾语从句中缺主语，所以应该从连接代词who，whom，what，which，whose，再根据指人做主语可判断用which。
2018浙江6月卷
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 61 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 62 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 63 can be to eat out. I still remember 64 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 65 (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to 66 (become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 67 (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 68 (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 69 (weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home 70 dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
【答案】61．dishes 62．who/that 63．it 64．visiting 65．was shocked 66．have become 67．affordable 68．higher 69．weight 70．for
【分析】作者描述了人们喜欢在外面吃饭的现象，分析了其对身体和花费的不良影响，建议我们在家做饭。
61．考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
62．考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
63．考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be how cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，it是形式主语。故填it。
64．考查动词形式。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.，故填visiting。
65．考查时态和语态。此处表示我被震惊了。shock的主语是I，两者关系是被动，动作发生在过去。故填was shocked。
66．考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知，用现在完成时，seems to后用动词原形，故填have become。
67．考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的。系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”，故填affordable。
68．考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，even表示程度，修饰比较级，故填higher。
69．考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。
70．考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示去向、目的用介词for，故填for。
2017浙江11月卷
The Caffeine Catch
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Caffeine, a chemical typically found in coffee, has caused a lot of concern because it is one of the few drugs that show up regularly in our food supply. You probably 56 (use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine 57 (be) in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine. Soft drinks are the major source(来源) of caffeine for most children and even some adults. 58 (recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks.
Small amounts of caffeine-a cup 59 two of coffee a day—seem safe for most people. However, some people have trouble with even small amounts. One cup of coffee 60 the late afternoon or evening will cause 61 (they) to stay awake almost all night. Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem 62 (call) caffeinism. You get very nervous and you can’t sleep.
It is possible 63 caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans, too. One study showed that 64 (woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely 65 (have) children with birth defects.
【答案】
56．have used/ have been using 57．is (was) 58．Recently 59．or 60．in 61．them 62．called 63．that 64．women 65．to have
【分析】本文是说明文。现在我们的许多食品中添加了咖啡因，文章介绍了大量饮用咖啡因对健康的不良影响。
56．考查时态语态。句中时间状语since childhood和现在完成时连用，此处指你可能从小就摄入咖啡因，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在或动作一直在进行，用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。故填have used/ have been using。
57．考查主谓一致。主语Caffeine是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。此处表示一种事实可以用一般现在时。也可以指小时候的事用一般过去时，故填is (was)。
58．考查副词。句意：最近，咖啡因已经进入了橙子、苹果和其他调味饮料。此处单独作状语用副词，故填Recently。
59．考查连词。此处指每天一杯或两杯咖啡，表示“或者”用连词or，故填or。
60．考查介词。表示“在下午晚些时候或晚上”是in the late afternoon or evening，介词用in，故填in。
61．考查代词。此处作动词cause的宾语用宾格形式，故填them。
62．考查过去分词。句中problem和动词call是被动关系，指这种问题被叫做caffeinism。此处用过去分词表被动，作problem的定语，故填called。
63．考查主语从句。句中it是形式主语，真正主语是后面的从句，从句中不缺少句子成分，意思完整，用that起引导作用，故填that。
64．考查名词。此处表示泛指喝大量咖啡的妇女，指某一类人用名词复数。故填women。
65．考查动词不定式。此处指每天喝大量咖啡的妇女，怀孕时孩子很可能会先天畸形。表示“可能做某事”是be likely to do sth.，用动词不定式，故填to have。
2017全国I卷
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.
【答案】61．as 62．effects 63．to process 64．are removed 65．a 66．worse 67．is 68．eating 69．careful 70．which
【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了最近，食品服务行业出现了降低脂肪含量和减少盐的趋势，这产生了一些意想不到的副作用。文章告诉我们要保持健康，就不要走极端，要吃适量的盐和含脂肪的食物。
61．考查介词。句意：这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。as表示“作为，以…… 身份”，故填as。
62．考查名词的单复数。分析语境可知，作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some可知，所以要用effect的复数形式。故填effects。
63．考查不定式。句意：他们被要求加工食物。require表示“要求”，require sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，被动形式为“sb. be required to do sth.”(某人被要求做某事)。故填to process。
64．考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可知fat，salt和move之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是两种东西，且是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。
65．考查固定短语。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。固定短语as a result表示“结果”。故填a。
66．考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。even修饰比较级。故填worse。
67．考查主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
68．考查动名词。句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。by为介词，后接名词、动名词作宾语，故填eating。
69．考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。分析语境可知，be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。
70．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知，___is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话，在定语从句中作主语。所以用关系代词which。故填which。
2017全国II卷
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ____61____ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ____62____ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road,____63____ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over____64____ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines ____65____ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been____66____ (fair) unpleasant for the
passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using ____67____every day.
Later, engineers ____68____ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ____69____ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most _____70_____ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
【答案】61. crowds 62. from 63. laying 64. the 65. were used 66. fairly 67. it 68. managed 69. introduction 70. successful
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地铁的最初发展史。
【61题详解】考查名词。crowd前没有冠词，且它是可数名词，故填crowds。
【62题详解】 考查固定短语。to and from来回，故填from。
【63题详解】考查非谓语动词。这里是由and连接的三个动词-ing形式作宾语，故填laying。
【64题详解】考查冠词。top是名词，前要用冠词，特指“在（道路的）顶上”。故填the。
【65题详解】考查时态语态。根据句意：蒸汽发动机“被用于”拉货物，主语Steam engines与谓语动词use是被动关系，主语是复数，根据语境用一般过去时，故填were used.
66题详解】考查副词。这里fair是形容词，pleasant也是形容词，所以需要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词，故填fairly。
【67题详解】考查代词。这里用it指代前句的railway，故填it。
【68题详解】考查动词时态。本文全篇都是一般过去时，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填managed。
【69题详解】考查名词。空格前是the,后面应该是名词，故填名词introduction。
【70题详解】考查形容词。空格前是most，其后要跟形容词构成最高级，故填successful。
2017全国II卷
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course .But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest). Instead, she is earning $6,500 a day as 62 model in New York.
Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).
She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture.
Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model my more."
【答案】61．resting 62．a 63．has been told/was told 64．who 65．to prove 66．education 67．invitations 68．in 69．comes 70．certainly
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Sarah为了专心学习，拒绝在节目中担任主演的邀请。
61．考查非谓语动词。句意：但与她的学校朋友不同的是，16岁的莎拉并没有在期中休息。sb. spend time (in) doing sth.为固定句型，意为“某人花费时间做某事”，空处需填动名词作宾语。故填resting。
62．考查冠词。句意：相反，她在纽约做模特，每天能挣6500美元。model为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且model发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a限定。故填a。
63．考查动词时态语态。句意：莎拉被告知她将成为英国新的超级名模，并在明年赚到100万美元。空处需填动词作谓语，Sarah和tell为被动关系，需用被动语态，结合语境可知，此处可用一般过去时或者现在完成时，主语为Sarah，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has been told/was told。
64．考查定语从句。句意：但是和顶级模特一起参加时装秀的莎拉想要证明自己不仅漂亮，而且有头脑。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Sarah，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。
65．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。want to do sth.为固定用法，意为“想要做某事”，空处需填动词不定式作宾语。故填to prove。
66．考查名词。句意：她决心继续接受教育。her为形容词性物主代词，后面需加名词，education意为“教育”，是不可数名词。故填education。
67．考查名词。句意：为了专心学习，她已经拒绝了几次参加演出的邀请。invitation为可数名词，several后面需加名词复数形式。故填invitations。
68．考查介词。句意：毕业后，她计划休息一年做全职模特，然后再去大学攻读工程或建筑学学位。表示“在……方面”需用介词in。故填in。
69．考查动词时态。句意：但现在，学校是第一位的。根据“at the moment”可知，此处使用一般现在时，主语为school，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填comes。
70．考查副词。句意：这当然是有趣的，但生活方式有点不真实。修饰形容词fun需用副词certainly作状语。故填certainly。
2017浙江卷
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.
Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt 59 (I),” says Pahlsson.
Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters — then ten, eight, and six — had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlsson and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again,” she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 65 wonder.
【答案】
56．carrots 57．shiny/shining 58．so 59．myself 60．earlier 61．to cook 62．searched 63．swept 64．where 65．a
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了主人公Pahlsson在一个胡萝卜的茂密的叶子下面，找到了她遗失很久的结婚戒指。16年前Pahlsson在厨房做饭时取下戒指，之后戒指就找不到了。而16年后花园中胡萝卜的意外发芽使戒指通过绿叶又被找回。她的丈夫现在认为戒指可能和一堆厨房垃圾被扫到花园中，他们认为戒指的失而复得是个奇迹。
56．考查名词的数。句意：Lena Pahlsson掏出一把小胡萝卜正要扔掉。a handful of意为“一把，几个”，后加可数名词复数形式。故填carrots。
57．考查形容词。句意：她注意到一个闪亮的物体。这里用形容词修饰名词，shine的形容词形式可以是shiny/shining，故填shiny/shining。
58．考查固定句型。句意：Pahlsson大声的喊叫以至于她女儿从房子里跑出来。so…that…意为“如此……以至于……”。故填so。
59．考查代词。句意：她认为我伤害了我自己。女儿听到母亲的叫声跑出门后，是以为母亲伤害了她自己。故填myself。
60．考查固定表达。由语境也可知，作者想要强调这个戒指是十六年前丢的，想要强调时间。“数词+years earlier”表示多年前，故填earlier。
61．考查非谓语动词。句意：Pahlsson把钻石戒指摘掉去做饭。这里用不定式表目的，故填to cook。
62．考查时态。句意：Pahlsson和她的丈夫在厨房寻找。由语境可知，这段是她回忆戒指丢失的场景，故谓语动词需要用过去时。故填searched。
63．考查被动语态。句意：Pahlsson和她的丈夫现在认为戒指可能和一堆厨房垃圾被扫到花园中。由语境可知，戒指是被扫到花园中，got在此是系动词。故填swept。
64．考查定语从句。句意：Pahlsson和她的丈夫现在认为戒指可能和一堆厨房垃圾被扫到花园中，在那里直到胡萝卜意外地发芽使戒指通过绿叶又被找到。前后两句很完整，由句意可知，后半句是对花园进行了进一步的解释说明。故后半句是定语从句，先行词是garden，在定语从句作地点状语，关系词用where，故填where。
65．考查冠词。句意：它的回来（指戒指失而复得）是一件很奇妙的事。wonder在这句话中的词性是名词，表示数量“一”，可数名词单数前需要加冠词。故填a。
2016全国I卷
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 (attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 62 (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 63 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 70 other is with mum—she never suspects.
【答案】
61．attraction 62．was allowed 63．officially 64．to 65．when 66．permitted 67．introducing 68．its 69．days 70．the
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。成都涌现出很多百万富翁、亚洲最大的建筑以及豪华酒店，但这对于作者这样的游客来说，熊猫才是那里的魅力所在。作者与熊猫结下了不解之缘，被邀请担任成都熊猫基地在英国宣传大熊猫的大使，以前做记者时，还拍摄过关爱熊猫的片子。
61．考查名词。形容词top后面跟名词形式，attract的名词形式是attraction，意思是“吸引人之物”。故填attraction。
62．考查时态语态。I与allow是被动关系，故用被动语态；又因上一句主句用过去时，可确定此句也用过去时。故填was allowed。
63．考查副词。修饰动词用副词形式，空格处修饰过去分词given，故用副词修饰。official的副词形式是officially(官方地)。故填officially。
64．考查介词。go back to意为“回到”，“追溯到”，是固定搭配。故填to。
65．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是定语从句，定语从句修饰前面的the mid1980s，且从句缺少时间状语，故用when引导该定语从句。故填when。
66．考查非谓语动词之过去分词。reporter与permit是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。过去分词短语permitted to...作后置定语，修饰reporter。故填permitted。
67．考查动名词。介词后面用动名词，此处用动名词作include的宾语。故填introducing。
68．考查代词。指代前面的twin，mother是名词，故此处填it的形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
69．考查名词复数。“every few＋复数名词”意思是“每隔……”，every few days每隔几天。few修饰复数名词。故填days。
70．考查冠词。one …the other意为“一个……另一个”。故填the。
【归纳总结】修饰复数名词的词和短语包括：many, few, a few, several, a number of, hundreds of等。修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：much, a little, little , a bit of等。既能修饰复数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：more , such, plenty of, a lot of , lots of, a quantity of, quantities of等。
2016全国II卷
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of 61 (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of 62 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 63 (be) often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 64 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 65 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 66 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68 while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely 69 (bring) your work home. It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 70 (make) sure it's a relief from
daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
【答案】61．greater 62．achievement 63．is 64．on 65．as 66．studies 67．regularly 68．a 69．to bring 70．make
【分析】本文属于说明文，告诉我们当工作压力太大的时候，应该怎么做来合理释放压力。
61．考查比较级。本空所填之词和and后的比较级less是并列关系，使用相同的比较级形式greater。故填greater。
62．考查名词。句意：首先处理重要的事情，那么你会有成就感。横线前面有介词of，横线上要使用名词achievement作of的宾语，表示“成就感”。故填achievement。
63．考查句子结构和主谓一致。本句中动名词短语“Leaving... tomorrow”在句中作主语，谓语动词使用单数形式，所以使用is。
64．on 考查固定搭配。句意：很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。be focused on“集中于……”，故填on。
65．考查固定搭配。正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中，所以我们要早起，要在午饭之前尽可能地高效。短语as...as possible“尽可能……”，故填as。
66．考查名词单复数。本句的谓语动词是show，说明主语是复数名词studies。故填studies。
67．考查副词。副词通常作状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中作定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词regularly作状语修饰动词短语take short breaks。故填regularly。
68．考查固定短语。本句是指通过锻炼或做一些你喜欢的事情，让你的身体和思维休息一会。介词短语for a while“一会儿”。故填a。
69．考查固定短语。句意：如果你找到了喜欢做的事情，你就不太可能把工作带回家去做。be likely to do sth.可能做某事，故填to bring。
70．考查祈使句。此处表示要保证它是让你释放压力，而不是让你担忧的事。本句是祈使句，要用动词原形。故填make。
2016全国II卷
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In much of Asia, especially the so-called ”rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 61 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 62 (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 63 (create)special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 64
(use)twigs(树枝)to remove it. Over time, as the population grew, people 65 (begin)cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 66 (gradual)turned into chopsticks. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 67 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C．, influenced the 68 (develop)of chopsticks. Confucius believed 69 (knife)would remind people of killings and were too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 70 their hands.
【答案】
61．and 62．be made 63．to create 64．using 65．began 66．gradually 67．who 68．development 69．knives 70．with
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了亚洲尤其是被称为“饭碗”文化的中国、日本、韩国和越南等国家的饮食文化，特别是使用筷子的情况。
61．考查连词。句意：在亚洲的大部分地区，尤其是中国、日本、韩国和越南等所谓的“饭碗”文化，通常用筷子吃食物。空后的“Vietnam”和空前的“China, Japan, Korea”为并列关系，用and连接。故填and。
62．考查语态。句意：真正优雅的筷子可能是用金和银做的，上面有汉字。这里为本句谓语动词，空前为情态动词，空处为动词原形；主语为“elegant chopsticks”，和动词“make”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填be made。
63．考查非谓语动词。句意：熟练的工人还将各种硬木和金属结合起来，创造出特殊的设计。非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to create。
64．考查非谓语动词。句意：人们可能会在大锅里煮食物，用小树枝来去移动食物。非谓语动词担当状语，主语“people”和动词“use”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填using。
65．考查时态。句意：随着时间的推移，随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，以便更快地烹饪。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态一般过去时。故填began。
66．考查副词。句意：小块的食物可以很容易地用小树枝吃，小树枝逐渐变成了筷子。担当句子的时间状语，用副词形式。故填gradually。
67．考查定语从句。句意：有些人认为，中国伟大的学者孔子(大约生活在公元前551年至公元前479年)影响了筷子的发展。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Confucius”，人，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词who引导。故填who。
68．考查名词。句意：有些人认为，中国伟大的学者孔子(大约生活在公元前551年至公元前479年)影响了筷子的发展。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式作宾语，表示特指，不可数名词。故填development。
69．考查名词的数。句意：孔子认为刀会让人想起杀戮，而且在餐桌上使用太过暴力。根据句意可知，空处为名词的复数形式担当主语，knife是可数名词，表示泛指用复数。故填knives。
70．考查介词。句意：例如，在印度，大多数人传统上用手吃饭。根据句意可知，空处指的是“使用”，空后为名词，空处应为介词表示“用”，用with。故填with。
2016四川卷
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The giant panda 61 (love) by people throughout the world. Chinese scientists 62 (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very 63 (care) mother. For 25days, she never left her baby, not even to find something 64 (eat)! She would not let any other pandas come near. She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean. Any smell might attract natural 65 (enemy) that would try to eat the little comforting panda. The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 66 it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. The mother continued to care for the young panda 67 more than two years. By that time, the panda no longer needed 68 (it) mother for food. However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother 69 (drive) the young panda away. It was time for her to have a new baby, 70 it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
【答案】61．is loved 62．recently 63．caring/careful 64．to eat 65．enemies 66．When/If 67．for 68．its 69．drove 70．and
【分析】文章是记叙文。主要讲述了中国科学家对大熊猫的观察和研究。
61．考查被动语态。句意：大熊猫深受全世界人民的喜爱。panda与love之间处于被动关系。根据题意和介词by，故填is loved。
62．考查副词。句意：中国科学家最近有机会研究一只野生雌性熊猫和一个刚出生的小熊猫。副词作状语。根据题意，故填recently。
63．考查形容词。句意：她是个非常细心的母亲。修饰名词mother且由副词very修饰用形容词。根据题意，故填caring/careful。
64．考查动词不定式。句意：25天来，她从未离开过她的孩子，甚至不去找吃的！动词不定式作定语修饰something。根据题意，故填to eat。
65．考查名词复数。句意：任何气味都会吸引那些试图去抓小熊猫的天敌。天敌不止一个，故应使用名词复数。根据题意，故填enemies。
66．考查状语从句。句意：当/如果小熊猫哭时，她来回摇晃着，轻轻拍小熊猫。when引导时间状语，或由if引导条件状语从句。根据题意，故填when/if。
67．考查介词。句意：这位母亲继续照顾这只小熊猫两年多。for+时间段（表示一段时间）。根据题意，故填
for。
68．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：到那时，熊猫不再需要它的妈妈找来吃的。根据句意，修饰名词 mother用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
69．考查动词时态。句意：两年半后，母亲会把小熊猫赶走。文章使用一般过去时描述事情，根据题意，故填drove。
70．考查连词。句意：现在是她生孩子的时候了，也是小熊猫独立的时候了。前后为并列句，根据题意，故填and。
2016浙江卷
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Magic Touch
From my hotel room window，I could see a large advertisement board with his face on it: Jason, the Great Magician.
I absent-mindedly turned the 56 (page) of the phone book and came across a city map. Drinking my iced coffee I ran my fingers along the streets 57 the hotel to the opera hall. Not more 58 a half-hour walk, I thought.
I looked 59 (quick) at the clock, "The show starts in one hour; plenty of time! I drank the rest of my coffee and went to take a shower. Soon after, I was on my way to the show, 60 (carry) a fancy black handbag and a happy smile.
The hall was dark when I came in; the show was about 61 (begin). I made my way backstage just 62 the great magician was putting on his top hat.
“Daddy, I'm so glad to see you,” I 63 (whisper), I'm in town for the writer’s class, but I just couldn’t miss your show.” I gave him a quick hug and went back into the seating area，leaving him with a 64 (surprise) smile. I settled down in the darkness, and the curtains opened.
Magically, that show remains the Great Jason's best 65 (perform) to this day.
【答案】
56．pages 57．from 58．than 59．quickly 60．carrying 61．to begin 62．as/when 63．whispered 64．surprised 65．performance
【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者观看魔术师表演的故事。
56．考查名词单复数。句意：我心不在焉地翻阅电话簿。电话簿的页码用名词复数，故填pages。
57．考查介词。句意：喝着冰咖啡，我的手指沿着地图上的街道从旅馆跑到歌剧院。 表示“从宾馆到歌剧厅”。from...to...从……到……，故填from。
58．考查介词。句意：我想，不到半小时的步行路程。 表示“最多半小时的路程”。not more than是固定搭配，表示“至多”。故填than。
59．考查副词。句意：我快速看了看表。 副词修饰动词，quickly修饰look，故填quickly。
60．考查非谓语动词。句意：很快，我面带微笑带着奇特的黑手提包走在去表演的路上。 现在分词表伴随状态，故填carrying。
61．考查动词时态。句意：表演正要开始。be about to do sth.是一般将来时，表示“正要做某事”，故填to begin。
62．考查状语从句连接词。 句意：当伟大的魔术师正戴上他的帽子时，我以我的方式到了后台。“我在魔术师戴帽子的时候进了后台”，用时间状语从句，故填as/when。
63．考查动词时态。句意：“爸爸，见到你我太高兴了。”我低声说。 过去发生在过去，故用一般过去时态，故填whispered。
64．考查形容词。 句意：带着惊讶的微笑离开了他。表示感到用ed，用“惊讶的”surprised作前置定语，故填surprised。
65．考查名词。句意：神奇的是，这场表演一直是杰森最好的表演。表示“最好的表演”，此处用名词形式，故填performance。
2015全国I卷
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was raining lightly when I 61 (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours 62 , I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with 63 (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.
I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 (painting). Instead, I ‘d head straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away 66 car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
Yangshuo 67 (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers 68 (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69 (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70 (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
【答案】
61．arrived 62．before/earlier 63．its 64．that/which 65．paintings 66．by 67．is 68．conducted 69．regularly 70．living
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文．文章主要讲述了作者到中国阳朔游玩的经历和感受。
61．考查时态。根据前后文时态可知，本文主要时态为一般过去时，空格处为对过去所发生事情的一般陈述，而且arrive为非延续性动词，故应用一般过去时。故填arrived。
62．考查副词。句意：几个小时前，我还在香港的家里。空后时态为过去完成时，表示过去的过去，由此可推断本句陈述在过去某时间以前发生的事情，所以空格处填入 before/earlier 表示“在……之前”。故填before/earlier。
63．考查形容词性物主代词。根据所给提示词 it 和空后名词短语，修饰名词短语 choking smog需用 it 的形容词性物主代词形式its。故填its。
64．考查定语从句。本句包含定语从句，先行词为Li River，在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
65．考查名词的复数形式。根据前面的by artists in so many Chinese可推知，是在中国画作里，由前面的短语so many可知，要用名词复数paintings。故填paintings。
66．考查介词。by car乘汽车，为固定短语。故填by。
67．考查一般现在时。此句缺少谓语动词，根据句意和后句的时态，可知此处用一般现在时。Yangshuo为主语，所以系动词为is。故填is。
68．考查过去分词作定语。根据后面的by可知，A study of travelers与conduct在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填conducted。
69．考查副词。arrange为动词，应由副词regularly来修饰。故填regularly。
70．考查现在分词作定语。live与people之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。故填living。
2015全国II卷
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 61 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62 most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63 (able) to “air condition” a house without 64 (use)electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65 (slow)during cool nights，thus warning the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66 (cool) the house during the hot day: 67 the same time, they warm up again for the night This cycle 68 (go) day after day: The walls warm up During the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures. As 69 (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
【答案】61．built 62．the 63．ability 64．using 65．slowly 66．to cool 67．at 68．goes 69．natural 70．how
【分析】本文是说明文。土坯房比现在的房子好在冬暖夏凉。现代的建筑师都很羡慕这样的房子不用空调就能很好地调节室内的温度，不过关键是这房子的墙的厚度。
61．考查非谓语动词。 动词build和定语The adobe dwellings是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用其过去分词built做定语。故填built。
62．考查冠词。形容词最高级most modern前加the。故填the。
63．考查名词。代词their后接名词，所以用able的名词形式ability.故填ability。
64．考查动名词。 介词without后接动名词use去掉字母e再加-ing。故填using。
65．考查副词。用slow的副词形式slowly修饰动词give out。故填slowly。
66．考查不定式。to cool 形容词加enough后接不定式。故填to cool 。
67．考查介词。 at the same time是固定词组。表示与此同时。故填at。
68． 考查一般现在时。根据上下文，此处用一般现在时态。这种循环日复一日。故填goes。
69．考查形容词。形容词做定语修饰名词architects。故填natural 。
70．考查关系词。根据句意，应用how修饰形容词thick，连接宾语从句。故填how 。
2014全国I卷
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix
In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It 61 (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 62 (actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of 63 most outstanding（杰出的）examples of environmental cleanup.
But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 64 even a few months. It took years of work 65 (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66 (clean) than ever.
Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 67 is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately
While there are 68 (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 69 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 70 (patience).
【答案】
61．was 62．actually 63．the 64．or 65．to reduce 66．cleaner 67．that/which 68．amazing 69．changes 70．patient
【分析】 本文通过借用凯霍加河在以前污染非常严重，经过多年的努力，艰苦的工作终于有了回报，河水变干净了的事实告诉我们：当你面对看起来不可能解决的事情时，要敢于想办法慢慢解决，不能急躁，因为很多变化都是逐渐发生的，需要很多努力，我们需要耐心一点。
61．考查动词过去时态和主谓一致。根据本段第一句In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio.可知本段叙述的是过去发生的事情。the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio在过去被污染地如此地严重，所以说过去没有人能够想象到这条河被清理干净。又主语“It”为三单，故填was。
62．考查副词用法。本句中使用副词actually做状语修饰谓语动词caught fire，actual是形容词，不能在句中做状语，通常只做定语或者表语修饰名词。故填actually。
63．考查冠词。横线后是形容词最高级most outstanding，形容词最高级前要加the,故填the。
64．考查连词。从上一段最后一句可知几年后，这条河是环境净化最杰出的例子之一。从语境可知这条河流的改变不是几天或者几个月的事情。因此前后是选择关系，故用or。
65．考查固定句式。固定句式：It takes sb. st to do sth.某人做某事花了多少时间；句中的不定式to reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water是句子真正的主语。前面的it是形式主语。故填to reduce。
66．考查比较级。本句： the water in the river is ___66___ (clean) than ever，横线后面有than，说明横线上应该使用比较级的形式。故填cleaner。
67．考查定语从句。本句是一个定语从句，先行词是a habit，定语从句中使用关系代词that/which指代先行词，在句做主语，不能省略。故填which / that。
68．考查形容词修饰物的。凡是－ed结尾的都是形容人的，表示“人感到……”，－ing结尾都是形容物的，表示“令人感到……”。本句___68___ (amazed) stories中此处修饰“stories 故事”，所以要用amazing。故填amazing。
69．考查名词复数。横线后面是系动词are，说明横线处主语应该是一个复数形式的名词，所以用changes。故填changes。change既可以作名词也可以作动词，在此为名词。
70．横线前面有系动词be，说明此处应用形容词，本句是一个祈使句be patient耐心一点。patient形容词，意为“耐心的”； patience名词，意为“耐心”。故填patient。
2014全国II卷
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 61 (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 62 some of them looked very anxious and 63 (disappoint) . When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 64 the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike 65 (catch ) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 66 (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 67 (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked,“ 68 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It s 69 (I )”. She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase
thankfully, Five others on the bus began talking about what the boy had done and the crowd of strangers 70 (sudden) became friendly to one another.
【答案】61．being 62．and 63．disappointed 64．to 65．caught 66．to stop 67．riding 68．Did 69．me/mine 70．suddenly
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要叙述了有一次坐公交车时,一个骑车的男孩儿为了归还他捡到的行李箱而追着公交车骑行,人们都被这个孩子的行为感动了。
61．考查动名词。句意：一天早上，我在公共汽车站等车，担心上学迟到。about为介词,其后接名词、代词或动名词,故填being。
62．考查连词。句意：有许多人在公共汽车站等车，并且其中一些人看起来很焦急和失望。根据文章内容可知空前和空后为顺承关系,故填and。
63．考查形容词。句意见上题。此处指一些人看上去很失望。disappointed“沮丧的;失望的”，修饰人。故填disappointed。
64．考查固定搭配。句意：公共汽车终于来了，我们都匆匆上车。我找了个靠窗的地方。next to为固定搭配，意为“靠近;邻近”。故填to。
65．考查时态。句意：一个骑自行车的男孩引起了我的注意。此处讲述的是过去的事,故用一般过去时。故填caught。
66．考查动词不定式。句意：但在我们到达下一站之前，他拒绝停车。refuse to do sth固定用法，意为“拒绝做某事”。故填to stop。
67．考查固定用法。句意：尽管如此，男孩还是继续骑。keep doing sth固定用法，意为“一直做某事”。故填riding。
68．考查时态。句意：有人在最后一站丢了手提箱吗 ”此处是一个一般疑问句,询问过去发生的事情,故助动词用一般过去时。故填Did。
69．考查代词。句意：哦！天啊？！那是我的。此处缺少表语。强调“这是我的包”或者“是我(丢了包)”。故填me/mine。
70．考查副词。句意：这群陌生人突然变得友好起来。此处用副词作状语修饰句子,故填suddenly。
二、语法填空9张思维导图
三、语法填空八种实用解题技法
技法1 明确填冠词的2种情况
锁定"+（形容词+）名词"模式，当"（形容词+）名词"前缺少限定词时, 要考虑填冠词:
情况1：使用定冠词的情况——特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级。
情况2：使用不定冠词的情况——泛指一类人或物，与one同义表数量，只知有一不知谁，词首字母读元音，冠词就要用an, 其他一律用小a。
技法2 明确填介词的3种情况
情况1：锁定"+名词/动名词"模式，且名词或动名词不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语，此时要考虑填介词。
情况2：锁定"谓语动词+"模式，大多数情况下需要填介词。
情况3：锁定"to and from work""next week"等介词固定搭配模式。固定搭配要熟记。介词in, with, by在语法填空题中的考查频率很高，考生也极易混淆。考生可以这样记它们的区别："工具"不同，介词则异。具体用法如下：in+材料；with+具体的工具；by+交通工具。
技法3 明确填连接词的5种情况
锁定"句子+句子"模式（关键在于找谓语）：
情况1：前后句子是并列关系，则为并列句，根据前后句的句意和句子之间的逻辑关系，确定填and, but, while, when, or等。注意，若前后两部分是对等的两个成分，也用并列连词。
情况2：如果空格处所填词引导的从句与空前部分为修饰与被修饰的关系，则该从句一般为定语从句。此时考生可根据定语从句的关系词在从句中所作的成分及先行词的特征来确定从句的关系词（先行词为表示抽象意义的地点名词时，关系词用where）。如果关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，用关系代词；如果从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，关系词作状语，则用关系副词。此外，还要注意定语从句中的主谓一致问题。
情况3：如果空格处所填词引导的从句在整个句子中起名词的作用（作主语、宾语、表语或同位语），则该从句一般为名词性从句。此时考生可根据连接词在名词性从句中所作的成分来确定从句的连接词。如果连接词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或补语，则用连接代词；如果作状语，则用连接副词；若不作成分，则考虑用that,whether或if。
情况4：如果空格处所填词引导的从句起副词的作用，则该从句一般为状语从句。此时考生要根据句意以及连接词在从句中所作的成分来确定合适的连接词（常考的有before, after, when, since, until, while等）。
情况5：注意特殊结构：It is...that...强调结构。
技法4 明确纯空格的其他3种情况
情况1：当句子缺主语或宾语时, 可以考虑填代词。要根据语境, 看空格处指人还是指物, 指男性还是指女性, 是单数还是复数。为了避免重复, it, one(s), that, those都可以用来替代上文中出现的名词, 但要注意它们的不同用法。it可以用来代替不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。还要注意不定代词one, both, neither, all, none, another等的用法。
情况2：在无提示词的情况下，如果设空在两句话之间,要考虑上下文之间的关系，根据情况填besides,however，therefore，thus等表示逻辑关系的副词或填连词。
情况3：固定句型中的副词，如so...that...中的so。
技法5 明确提示词是名词的3种情况
情况1：遵循"意义先行，结构跟上"的原则，根据空处的意义并结合句子结构判断是否用名词，如果空处作句子的主语或宾语，或空前有形容词、冠词、形容词性物主代词或介词则考虑用名词形式。注意一些介词加名词构成的短语，根据句意和搭配填名词。如：by accident(偶然)；with patience(耐心地)等。
确定填名词后，如果提示词是可数名词，要注意是否需要填其复数形式：
①空前有a few, few, several, many, a great/good many, hundreds/thousands/dozens/...of，one of，a number of等词或短语，则该空常填可数名词的复数形式。
②若句中《2024年高考英语二轮复习增分必刷题》
专题22语法填空(2014-2019)六年真题+思维导图+实用技法 原卷版
增分必刷题目录
一、2014-2019语法填空真题 P1
2019全国I卷
2019全国II卷
2019全国III卷
2019浙江卷
2018全国I卷
2018全国II卷
2018全国III卷
2018浙江6月卷
2017浙江11月卷
2017全国I卷
2017全国II卷
2017浙江卷
2016全国I卷
2016全国II卷
2016四川卷
2016浙江卷
2015全国I卷
2015全国II卷
2014全国I卷
2014全国II卷
二、语法填空9张思维导图 P12
三、语法填空八种实用解题技法 P14
2019全国I卷
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°C, there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that
populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine
lack enough data.
2019全国II卷
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 61 (be) Britain's oldest full-time employee---still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 62 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 63 (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene 64 (declare) she had no plans 65 (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, “I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 (make) over the years. I work not because I have to, 67 because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31, who works alongside her in the family business, said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call 68 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 69 joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's 70 (wonder).”
2019全国III卷
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On our way to the house, it was raining 61 hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take 62 (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63 dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 64 had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 65 (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya (木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 66 (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 67 (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 68 (huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we 69 (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 70 (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
2019浙江卷
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___56___(have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears ___57___ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways. A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___ gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or ___59___(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ___60___(easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards The answer ___61___ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students’ grades ___62___(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn’t want ___63___(wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are ____65____(tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don’t have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
2018全国I卷
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than
non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise … it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need to run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.
2018全国II卷
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diets have changed in China and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 61 (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 66 (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005- when the government 68 (start) a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放）of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China’s approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.
2018全国III卷
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
I’m not sure 61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears.
He screams the 63 (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 65 (challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a 66 (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 67 these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68 (they) alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69 (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: “I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!” Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay) and watch.
2018浙江6月卷
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 61 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 62 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 63 can be to eat out. I still remember 64 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 65 (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to 66 (become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 67 (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 68 (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 69 (weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home 70 dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
2017浙江11月卷
The Caffeine Catch
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Caffeine, a chemical typically found in coffee, has caused a lot of concern because it is one of the few drugs that show up regularly in our food supply. You probably 56 (use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine 57 (be) in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine. Soft drinks are the major source(来源) of caffeine for most children and even some adults. 58 (recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks.
Small amounts of caffeine-a cup 59 two of coffee a day—seem safe for most people. However, some people have trouble with even small amounts. One cup of coffee 60 the late afternoon or evening will cause 61 (they) to stay awake almost all night. Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem 62 (call) caffeinism. You get very nervous and you can’t sleep.
It is possible 63 caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans, too. One study showed that 64 (woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely 65 (have) children with birth defects.
2017全国I卷
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.
2017全国II卷
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ____61____ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ____62____ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road,____63____ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over____64____ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines ____65____ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been____66____ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using ____67____every day.
Later, engineers ____68____ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ____69____ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most _____70_____ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
2017全国II卷
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course .But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest). Instead, she is earning $6,500 a day as 62 model in New York.
Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).
She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture.
Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model my more."
2017浙江卷
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.
Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt 59 (I),” says Pahlsson.
Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters — then ten, eight, and six — had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlsson and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again,” she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 65 wonder.
2016全国I卷
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 (attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 62 (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 63 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 70 other is with mum—she never suspects.
2016全国II卷
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of 61 (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of 62 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 63 (be) often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 64 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 65 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 66 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68 while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely 69 (bring) your work home. It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 70 (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
2016全国II卷
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In much of Asia, especially the so-called ”rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 61 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 62 (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 63 (create)special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 64 (use)twigs(树枝)to remove it. Over time, as the population grew, people 65 (begin)cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 66 (gradual)turned into chopsticks. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 67 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C．, influenced the 68 (develop)of chopsticks. Confucius believed 69 (knife)would remind people of killings and were too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 70 their hands.
2016四川卷
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The giant panda 61 (love) by people throughout the world. Chinese scientists 62 (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very 63 (care) mother. For 25days, she never left her baby, not even to find something 64 (eat)! She would not let any other pandas come near. She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean. Any smell might attract natural 65 (enemy) that would try to eat the little comforting panda. The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 66 it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. The mother continued to care for the young panda 67 more than two years. By that time, the panda no longer needed 68 (it) mother for food. However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother 69 (drive) the young panda away. It was time for her to have a new baby, 70 it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
2016浙江卷
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Magic Touch
From my hotel room window，I could see a large advertisement board with his face on it: Jason, the Great Magician.
I absent-mindedly turned the 56 (page) of the phone book and came across a city map. Drinking my iced coffee I ran my fingers along the streets 57 the hotel to the opera hall. Not more 58 a half-hour walk, I thought.
I looked 59 (quick) at the clock, "The show starts in one hour; plenty of time! I drank the rest of my coffee and went to take a shower. Soon after, I was on my way to the show, 60 (carry) a fancy black handbag and a happy smile.
The hall was dark when I came in; the show was about 61 (begin). I made my way backstage just 62 the great magician was putting on his top hat.
“Daddy, I'm so glad to see you,” I 63 (whisper), I'm in town for the writer’s class, but I just couldn’t miss your show.” I gave him a quick hug and went back into the seating area，leaving him with a 64 (surprise) smile. I settled down in the darkness, and the curtains opened.
Magically, that show remains the Great Jason's best 65 (perform) to this day.
2015全国I卷
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was raining lightly when I 61 (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours 62 , I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with 63 (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.
I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 (painting). Instead, I ‘d head straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away 66 car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
Yangshuo 67 (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers 68 (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69 (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70 (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
2015全国II卷
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 61 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62 most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63 (able) to “air condition” a house without 64 (use)electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65 (slow)during cool nights，thus warning the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66 (cool) the house during the hot day:
67 the same time, they warm up again for the night This cycle 68 (go) day after day: The walls warm up During the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures. As 69 (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
2014全国I卷
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix
In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It 61 (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 62 (actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of 63 most outstanding（杰出的）examples of environmental cleanup.
But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 64 even a few months. It took years of work 65 (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66 (clean) than ever.
Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 67 is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately
While there are 68 (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 69 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 70 (patience).
2014全国II卷
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 61 (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 62 some of them looked very anxious and 63 (disappoint) . When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 64 the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike 65 (catch ) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 66 (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 67 (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked,“ 68 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It s 69 (I )”. She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully, Five others on the bus began talking about what the boy had done and the crowd of strangers 70 (sudden) became friendly to one another.
二、语法填空9张思维导图
三、语法填空八种实用解题技法
技法1 明确填冠词的2种情况
锁定"+（形容词+）名词"模式，当"（形容词+）名词"前缺少限定词时, 要考虑填冠词:
情况1：使用定冠词的情况——特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级。
情况2：使用不定冠词的情况——泛指一类人或物，与one同义表数量，只知有一不知谁，词首字母读元音，冠词就要用an, 其他一律用小a。
技法2 明确填介词的3种情况
情况1：锁定"+名词/动名词"模式，且名词或动名词不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语，此时要考虑填介词。
情况2：锁定"谓语动词+"模式，大多数情况下需要填介词。
情况3：锁定"to and from work""next week"等介词固定搭配模式。固定搭配要熟记。介词in, with, by在语法填空题中的考查频率很高，考生也极易混淆。考生可以这样记它们的区别："工具"不同，介词则异。具体用法如下：in+材料；with+具体的工具；by+交通工具。
技法3 明确填连接词的5种情况
锁定"句子+句子"模式（关键在于找谓语）：
情况1：前后句子是并列关系，则为并列句，根据前后句的句意和句子之间的逻辑关系，确定填and, but, while, when, or等。注意，若前后两部分是对等的两个成分，也用并列连词。
情况2：如果空格处所填词引导的从句与空前部分为修饰与被修饰的关系，则该从句一般为定语从句。此时考生可根据定语从句的关系词在从句中所作的成分及先行词的特征来确定从句的关系词（先行词为表示抽象意义的地点名词时，关系词用where）。如果关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，用关系代词；如果从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，关系词作状语，则用关系副词。此外，还要注意定语从句中的主谓一致问题。
情况3：如果空格处所填词引导的从句在整个句子中起名词的作用（作主语、宾语、表语或同位语），则该从句一般为名词性从句。此时考生可根据连接词在名词性从句中所作的成分来确定从句的连接词。如果连接词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或补语，则用连接代词；如果作状语，则用连接副词；若不作成分，则考虑用that,whether或if。
情况4：如果空格处所填词引导的从句起副词的作用，则该从句一般为状语从句。此时考生要根据句意以及连接词在从句中所作的成分来确定合适的连接词（常考的有before, after, when, since, until, while等）。
情况5：注意特殊结构：It is...that...强调结构。
技法4 明确纯空格的其他3种情况
情况1：当句子缺主语或宾语时, 可以考虑填代词。要根据语境, 看空格处指人还是指物, 指男性还是指女性,
是单数还是复数。为了避免重复, it, one(s), that, those都可以用来替代上文中出现的名词, 但要注意它们的不同用法。it可以用来代替不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。还要注意不定代词one, both, neither, all, none, another等的用法。
情况2：在无提示词的情况下，如果设空在两句话之间,要考虑上下文之间的关系，根据情况填besides,however，therefore，thus等表示逻辑关系的副词或填连词。
情况3：固定句型中的副词，如so...that...中的so。
技法5 明确提示词是名词的3种情况
情况1：遵循"意义先行，结构跟上"的原则，根据空处的意义并结合句子结构判断是否用名词，如果空处作句子的主语或宾语，或空前有形容词、冠词、形容词性物主代词或介词则考虑用名词形式。注意一些介词加名词构成的短语，根据句意和搭配填名词。如：by accident(偶然)；with patience(耐心地)等。
确定填名词后，如果提示词是可数名词，要注意是否需要填其复数形式：
①空前有a few, few, several, many, a great/good many, hundreds/thousands/dozens/...of，one of，a number of等词或短语，则该空常填可数名词的复数形式。
②若句中的谓语动词是复数形式，则作主语的可数名词一般用复数形式。
③若可数名词无限定词修饰，则该名词常用复数形式。
④掌握名词变复数时规则变化和不规则变化的具体规则，确保拼写正确。
情况2：词性转换。空格处作表语、定语或宾语补足语，考虑填所给词的形容词形式。空格处作谓语或非谓语，考虑填所给词的动词形式。
情况3：分析句意，看是否需要用名词所有格。
技法6 明确提示词为动词的3种情况
情况1：若句中没有谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所需词与之是并列关系，空处就用谓语动词。若填谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致问题。时态主要根据上下文把握；语态主要看主语是动作的执行者还是承受者。考生应牢记：
做"时态"题看"时间"（注意语境中暗含的时间状语），做"语态"题看"主语"（看主语是否为动作的执行者）。此外，还要确保所填动词的形式正确，特别要注意时态变化时动词的拼写以及一些特殊句型中动词的时态。
情况2：若句中已有谓语动词，且不存在并列谓语，则空处很可能填非谓语动词。若填非谓语动词，就要确定是用动词-ing形式,动词-ed形式，还是用动词不定式。此外，还要注意英语中一些固定句型中的非谓语动词形式，这也是高考的难点。
情况3：词性转换。如果既不是谓语动词，也不是非谓语动词，则考虑词性转换，将动词转换为名词或形容词，根据句式结构以及空格处所缺成分做进一步分析。
技法7 明确提示词是形容词、副词的4种情况
提示词为形容词：
情况1：若设空在形容词之前，要考虑用副词修饰形容词表示程度，如completely wrong（完全错了）；若设空在动词（短语）之前或之后，要考虑用副词修饰动词（短语），如carefully do sth.或者do sth.carefully；若设空在一个句子的前面，则要考虑用副词修饰整个句子。
情况2：考虑比较等级。句中无比较意义用原级；在比较结构(not) so/as...as...中用原级；句中有than引出比较对象时用比较级；语境中暗含比较意义时用比较级；空前有修饰词much,even,far，a little,a bit等用比较级。此外，还应注意固定结构中比较级的用法；注意介词of/in/among引出的比较范围；表示三者或三者以上的比较，用最高级；否定句中可用比较级表达最高级含义。
情况3：如果空格处既不填副词，也不填比较等级，当空格处缺主语或宾语时，考虑将形容词转换为名词；否则，考虑加表示否定的词缀un-, im-, -less等。提示词是副词：一般考虑比较等级。
技法8 明确提示词是代词(多为主格)的3种情况
提示词为代词时，要根据语境, 看空格处指人还是指物, 指男性还是指女性, 是单数还是复数。锁定以下模式：
情况1：介词/动词+代词的宾格/反身代词
情况2：名词性物主代词作主语、宾语或表语
情况3：形容词性物主代词+adj.+名词如果是物主代词(表示某人的), 作主语、宾语或表语应用名词性物主代词；在名词前作定语只能用形容词性物主代词；反身代词反指谁,它通常作主语或宾语的同位语,这时人称上应与主语或宾语保持一致；反身代词也可作某些动词或介词的宾语, 这时人称上应与主语保持一致。
