压轴题15 应用文写作
命题预测 分析近几年新高考应用文可知,新高考应用文写作部分体裁灵活多样,以短文(通知、倡议、报道)为主,书信(建议信、申请信、感谢信、祝贺信等信件)为辅,但考纲并未声明图表图画作文不考。 预测2024年高考对于小短文写作的考查仍是压轴考题,主要考查学生四个基本能力: 小短文 书信 图表/图画
高频考法 文字提示 图画,图表
应用文写作基本规律及解题要领
主题方面以“立德树人,五育并举”为纲,话题多样,更加开放、灵活,但内容贴近生活实际,力求真实,富有时代气息,让考生可以以结合生活经验,有话可说。
近四年新高考I&II卷命题分析
年份 体裁 主体 内容 命题形式
2023 建议信 人与社会 给外教提建议 文字提纲
2022 邀请信 人与社会 邀请外教参加访谈 文字提纲
2021 投稿 人与社会 庆祝英文报刊创刊十周年 文字提纲
2020 报道 人与社会 学校越野赛报道 文字提纲
应用文的解题技巧
四个步骤:
仔细审题
写作的前提就是审题。仔细审题,关注体裁和话题。明确写作内容要点、交际目的和写作对象,确定时态和人称。为了避免遗漏内容的要点,建议再原题上适当做标记,标记要点。
谋篇布局
应用文取得高分的关键就是严谨的逻辑、清晰的布局。三段式结构可以使阅卷老师一目了然的掌握考生的内容分布和结构布局。第一段可以开门见山描写写作目的,第二段详述写作内容。第三代提出期望或再次表达某种情感。
3. 语言灵活
根据语言形象生动的原则,对词汇和句子进行修改润色和升级,使得行文流畅,逻辑合理,语法正确。为避免句式单一,可以灵活使用高级句式,如倒装句、感叹句非谓语短语、独立主格结构,复合句、强调句等。巧妙运用过渡词也能使文章脉络分明,紧凑、自然、连贯。
4. 卷面整洁
阅卷的速度都很快,写出干净整齐的字体,可以让人眼前一亮,若能在此基础之上,达到优美和赏心悦目的效果,也是得高分的重要因素。
短文类基本思路:
体裁 首段 中间段 尾段
倡议书 点明写作背景和目的 详述倡议的具体内容 发出倡议,呼吁参加
报道 点明事件的来龙去脉 详述活动过程和细节 总结该活动或做出评价
通知 阐明写作主题和目的 详述必要信息和要求 期盼积极参加
03 小短文
1.假如你是李华,请结合以下信息,给21世纪报社写一份倡议书,倡议大家关注野生动物的保护。
1.简述野生动物的现状;
2.野生动物减少的原因以及采取的措施;
3.呼吁大家保护野生动物。
注意: 字数控制在80词左右; 可以适当增加细节, 以使文章连贯。
提示词:减少 decrease 野生动物 wild animals
Save Endangered Animals
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Save Endangered Animals
Nowadays, with the development of society, the number of wild animals is decreasing at an alarming rate, some of which are in danger of dying out.
There are many reasons for this. Firstly, some people are still hunting wild animals to make profits. In addition, the habitats of wild animals are being destroyed by human beings. Finally, environmental pollution also leads to the extinction of wild animals. As for protecting wild animals, what we can do is to make laws to stop hunting them and destroying their habitats. What’s more, measures should be taken to stop pollution.
All in all, it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting wild animals. To protect wild animals is to protect ourselves.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生结合所给信息,给21世纪报社写一份倡议书,倡议大家关注野生动物的保护。
【详解】1.词汇积累
减少:decrease→ cut down
首先:Firstly → First of all
至于:As far→ With regard to
总之:All in all→ In a word
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句:Firstly, some people are still hunting wild animals to make profits.
拓展句:Firstly, some people are still hunting wild animals in order that they can make profits.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Nowadays, with the development of society, the number of wild animals is decreasing at an alarming rate, some of which are in danger of dying out.(运用了介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】As for protecting wild animals, what we can do is to make laws to stop hunting them and destroying their habitats.(运用了what引导的主语从句)
2.为了推广运动健身,你校计划下个月举行5千米的“迷你马拉松”比赛,请你为校报的英语宣传栏写一篇短文进行动员。内容包括:
1.活动的目的;
2.活动具体事宜;
3.呼吁积极参加。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Dear fellow students,
To raise the students’ health awareness and inspire their love for sports, our school is planning to hold a mini-marathon of five kilometers next month.
The activity will be held along the newly-built Xihuan Avenue, starting from our school gate to the end of the road. Along the route, there will be volunteers to provide service for the participants and any participant will get
souvenirs as memorial.
The marathon is not only a test of your endurance but also a test of your perseverance and faith. We hope everyone can take part to challenge yourself!
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。为了推广运动健身,你校计划下个月举行5千米的“迷你马拉松”比赛,要求考生为校报的英语宣传栏写一篇短文进行动员。
【详解】1.词汇积累
提高:raise→ improve
举行、组织:hold→organize
提供:provide→ offer
参加:take part→ attend
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句:The activity will be held along the newly-built Xihuan Avenue, starting from our school gate to the end of the road.
拓展句:The activity will be held along the newly-built Xihuan Avenue, which will start from our school gate to the end of the road.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The activity will be held along the newly-built Xihuan Avenue, starting from our school gate to the end of the road.(运用了现在分词作状语)
【高分句型2】The marathon is not only a test of your endurance but also a test of your perseverance and faith.(运用了not only…but also…固定句型)
3.假定你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华,你校将于下个月举办摄影比赛。请你写一则通知,内容包括:
1. 作品要求;
2. 截止时间。
注意:1. 写作词数应为80个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Notice
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Student Union
【答案】 Notice
In order to enrich the extracurricular life of students, our school will hold a photography competition next month.
Anyone interested in photography can participate in the competition, which is a great opportunity to show your incredible photography skills. The content of photography can be anything meaningful about the people and things around petitors should be the original authors of your works. All entries are required to be submitted before the 15th of next month.
Everyone, come on! It’s time for you to demonstrate your talent.
The Student Union
【导语】这是一则通知。要求考生以某国际学校的学生会主席李华的身份,就你校将于下个月举办摄影比赛一事,写一则通知。
【详解】1.词汇积累
为了:in order to→ for the purpose of
对……感兴趣:be interested in → be fascinated by
能力:skill→ proficiency
被要求做某事或必须做某事:be required to→ be obligated to
2.句式拓展
同义句改写
原句:It’s time for you to demonstrate your talent.
拓展句:The moment has arrived for you to showcase your exceptional talent.
【点睛】【高分句型1】In order to enrich the extracurricular life of students, our school will hold a photography competition next month.(使用了动词不定式做目的状语)
【高分句型2】Anyone interested in photography can participate in the competition, which is a great opportunity to show your incredible photography skills.(使用了两个定语从句,第一个定语从句的先行词为:anyone,引导词省略,为关系代词who。第二个定语从句为关系代词which引导的定语从句,先行词为前面一整句话表
示的内容)
4.假定你们学校将举办以生态保护为主题的海报设计大赛,请你以学生会的名义发一份通知,内容包括:1. 大赛目的;2. 作品要求;3. 参赛方式。
注意:1. 写作词数为 80 左右;2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear students,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Student Union
【答案】
Dear students,
In a bid to arouse the awareness of ecology conservation, the Student Union will organize a poster design contest, where all the students are welcome to submit your entries. Originality, of course, is the first requirement. Plus, the poster you design should be inspiring and thought-provoking, clearly illustrating the significance of the ocean and the urgency to protect it. Moreover, a powerful slogan is also preferred, which will make your work more persuasive and impressive. If you are interested, submit your entry before June 1st to Studentunion@.
Looking forward to your participation.
Student Union
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文,要求考生写一则通知,告知海报设计大赛的目的、作品要求、参赛方式。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
比赛:contest→competition
提交:submit→hand in/turn in
鼓舞人心的:inspiring→encouraging
说明:illustrate→explain/show
2. 句式拓展
同义句转换
原句:If you are interested, submit your entry before June 1st to Studentunion@.
拓展句:If interested, submit your entry before June 1st to Studentunion@.
【点睛】【高分句型1】In a bid to arouse the awareness of ecology conservation, the Student Union will organize a poster design contest, where all the students are welcome to submit your entries.(使用了where引导非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】Plus, the poster you design should be inspiring and thought-provoking, clearly illustrating the significance of the ocean and the urgency to protect it. (使用了省略关系词的定语从句、现在分词作状语、不定式作后置定语)
5.假定你是学校英语报记者。昨天你们班召开了家长会(parent-teacher meeting),请给报社写一篇报道,内容包括:
1. 会议过程;
2. 效果与反响。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Yesterday, our class held a parent-teacher meeting. The meeting started with the teacher giving a brief introduction of the purpose and agenda. Then, parents and teachers had a lively discussion about the students’ academic performance, behavior, and future plans. Parents raised their concerns and questions, and the teachers provided detailed answers and suggestions. The meeting ended with parents expressing their appreciation for the
teachers’ hard work and dedication.
The effect of the meeting was very good. Parents felt more confident and clear about their children’s studies, and the teachers also gained a better understanding of the students’ home environment. It was a successful and meaningful meeting.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的报道。要求考生给报社写一篇报道,报道班级召开的家长会,包括会议过程和家长会的效果和反响。
【详解】1.词汇积累
以……开始:start with→ begin with
目的:purpose → aim
提出:raise → come up with
建议:suggestion→ advice
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句:Yesterday, our class held a parent-teacher meeting. The meeting started with the teacher giving a brief introduction of the purpose and agenda.
拓展句:Yesterday, our class held a parent-teacher meeting, which started with the teacher giving a brief introduction of the purpose and agenda.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Parents raised their concerns and questions, and the teachers provided detailed answers and suggestions.(运用了and连接的并列句)
【高分句型2】The meeting ended with parents expressing their appreciation for the teachers’ hard work and dedication.(运用了动名词作定语)
6.假定你是李华,上周你校组织学生参观生态农业园。请你以A School Visit to an Organic Farm为题,为校英文报写一篇报道,内容包括:
1. 活动目的;
2. 活动内容;
3. 活动反响。
注意:
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A School Visit to an Organic Farm
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
A School Visit to an Organic Farm
Last week, our school organized a visit to an organic farm to help students gain hands-on experience in eco-agriculture.
During the visit, students learned about eco-friendly agricultural practices while exploring the farm and seeing how fruits and vegetables are grown. The event raised students’ awareness of environmental protection and provided an opportunity to learn more about eco-agriculture.
Overall, the visit was a great success and students left with an increased understanding of the importance of preserving the environment, sustaining agriculture, and leading a healthy lifestyle.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求学生以李华的身份,为校英文报写一篇学生参观生态农业园的报道,需涵盖活动的目的、内容和反响三个方面的内容。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
获得:gain→obtain/attain
意识:awareness→consciousness
保护:protection→preservation/conservation
提供:provide→offer
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句:Last week, our school organized a visit to an organic farm to help students gain hands-on experience in eco-agriculture.
拓展句:Last week, our school organized a visit to an organic farm, which was to help students gain hands-on
experience in eco-agriculture.
【点睛】[高分句型1] During the visit, students learned about eco-friendly agricultural practices while exploring the farm and seeing how fruits and vegetables are grown. (运用了while引导的时间状语从句的省略形式、how引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Overall, the visit was a great success and students left with an increased understanding of the importance of preserving the environment, sustaining agriculture, and leading a healthy lifestyle. (运用了动名词短语作of的宾语)
7.上周六,你校邀请外教Mr. Green做了题为“How to choose books to read”的讲座。请你为校英语报写一篇报道,介绍这次讲座,内容包括:
1. 讲座的时间地点; 2. 讲座的内容; 3. 收获与感想 。
注意:
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Smith,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Smith,
Last Saturday, Mr Green was invited to give Class Five a lecture on selecting books to read. The event took place in our classroom, attended by the whole class and even attracting a couple of book fans from neighboring classes.
Mr Green gave us three recommendations about choosing proper books. To start with, teachers and other devoted readers can be very informative about what books are worth reading. In addition, book reviews are also a
good source of great books. However, he warned us against completely depending on others for decisions. “It matters to develop your own taste by trying out different topics,” he stressed.
The lecture is sure to do the trick when we face a wealth of books to choose from, everyone present believes.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为外教Mr. Green 做的题目为“How to choose books to read”的讲座写一篇英文报道。
【详解】1.词汇积累
选择:select→opt
吸引:attract→draw
依靠:depend on→rely on
重要/要紧:matter→count
2.句型拓展
陈述句变强调句
原句:“It matters to develop your own taste by trying out different topics,” he stressed.
拓展句:“It is developing your own taste by trying out different topics that matters,” he stressed.
【点睛】【高分句型1】To start with, teachers and other devoted readers can be very informative about what books are worth reading. (运用了what引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】The lecture is sure to do the trick when we face a wealth of books to choose from, everyone present believes.(运用了when引导的时间状语从句)
8.假如你是校英文戏剧社团团长李华。戏剧团拟于下周五2点至5点在校图书馆一楼报告厅举办英文戏剧展演活动,请用英语写一则通知,内容包括:
1.活动目的、时间、地点;2.活动内容;3.邀请师生参加。
参考词汇:报告厅auditorium
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.请按以下格式作答。
Notice
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Notice
We are pleased to announce that our school's English Drama Club will be hosting an English drama performance next Friday from 2 pm to 5 pm in the auditorium on the first floor of the school library.
The purpose of this event is to showcase the talent and creativity of our drama club members. The performance will include a variety of short plays, ranging from classic to contemporary, performed entirely in English. We guarantee an entertaining and engaging experience for everyone.
We sincerely invite all students and teachers to join us for this exciting event. It will be a great opportunity to appreciate the art of theater. We look forward to your engagement and support.
Sincerely,
English Drama Club
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英语写一则通知,介绍英文戏剧展演活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
目的:purpose→goal
各种各样:a variety of→various
举行:host→hold
高兴:pleased→delighted
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句:We sincerely invite all students and teachers to join us for this exciting event. It will be a great opportunity to appreciate the art of theater.
拓展句:We sincerely invite all students and teachers to join us for this exciting event, which will be a great opportunity to appreciate the art of theater.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It will be a great opportunity to appreciate the art of theater. (运用了不定式作后置定语)
[高分句型2] The performance will include a variety of short plays, ranging from classic to contemporary, performed entirely in English. (运用了现在分词作状语)
9.假如你是李华, 是校学生会主席。在中国文化遗产日到来之际, 请根据下面的写作提示,给同学们写一封英语倡议书, 内容包括:
1. 保护文化遗产的重要性;
2. 可采取的措施;
3. 发出呼吁。
注意: 1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
the Students’ Union
【答案】
Dear fellow students,
As Chinese Culture Heritage Day is approaching, I’m calling on all of you to take action to protect cultural heritage.
Cultural heritage is a very important resource. However, some cultural relics in our country are in danger of disappearing. So how to protect them has become an urgent need. In my opinion, firstly, people’s awareness of protecting cultural relics should be improved. Secondly, laws should be made to punish those who destroy them on purpose. Moreover, as students, we can help to raise money for protecting cultural relics.
Let us join hands together to protect our splendid ancient civilization.
the Students’ Union
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生在中国文化遗产日到来之际给同学们写一封英语倡议书,内容包括:保护文化遗产的重要性、可采取的措施和发出呼吁。
【详解】1.词汇积累
号召:call on→ call for
重要的:important → vital
保护:protect→ reserve
破环:destroy→ ruin
2.句式拓展
简单句变强调句
原句:Cultural heritage is a very important resource.
拓展句:It is cultural heritage that is a very important resource.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 Secondly, laws should be made to punish those who destroy them on purpose.(运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】 As Chinese Culture Heritage Day is approaching, I’m calling on all of you to take action to protect cultural heritage.(运用了as引导的时间状语从句)压轴题15 应用文写作
命题预测 分析近几年新高考应用文可知,新高考应用文写作部分体裁灵活多样,以短文(通知、倡议、报道)为主,书信(建议信、申请信、感谢信、祝贺信等信件)为辅,但考纲并未声明图表图画作文不考。 预测2024年高考对于小短文写作的考查仍是压轴考题,主要考查学生四个基本能力: 小短文 书信 图表/图画
高频考法 文字提示 图画,图表
应用文写作基本规律及解题要领
主题方面以“立德树人,五育并举”为纲,话题多样,更加开放、灵活,但内容贴近生活实际,力求真实,富有时代气息,让考生可以以结合生活经验,有话可说。
近四年新高考I&II卷命题分析
年份 体裁 主体 内容 命题形式
2023 建议信 人与社会 给外教提建议 文字提纲
2022 邀请信 人与社会 邀请外教参加访谈 文字提纲
2021 投稿 人与社会 庆祝英文报刊创刊十周年 文字提纲
2020 报道 人与社会 学校越野赛报道 文字提纲
应用文的解题技巧
四个步骤:
仔细审题
写作的前提就是审题。仔细审题,关注体裁和话题。明确写作内容要点、交际目的和写作对象,确定时态和人称。为了避免遗漏内容的要点,建议再原题上适当做标记,标记要点。
谋篇布局
应用文取得高分的关键就是严谨的逻辑、清晰的布局。三段式结构可以使阅卷老师一目了然的掌握考生的内容分布和结构布局。第一段可以开门见山描写写作目的,第二段详述写作内容。第三代提出期望或再次表达某种情感。
3. 语言灵活
根据语言形象生动的原则,对词汇和句子进行修改润色和升级,使得行文流畅,逻辑合理,语法正确。为避免句式单一,可以灵活使用高级句式,如倒装句、感叹句非谓语短语、独立主格结构,复合句、强调句等。巧妙运用过渡词也能使文章脉络分明,紧凑、自然、连贯。
4. 卷面整洁
阅卷的速度都很快,写出干净整齐的字体,可以让人眼前一亮,若能在此基础之上,达到优美和赏心悦目的效果,也是得高分的重要因素。
短文类基本思路:
体裁 首段 中间段 尾段
倡议书 点明写作背景和目的 详述倡议的具体内容 发出倡议,呼吁参加
报道 点明事件的来龙去脉 详述活动过程和细节 总结该活动或做出评价
通知 阐明写作主题和目的 详述必要信息和要求 期盼积极参加
03 小短文
1.假如你是李华,请结合以下信息,给21世纪报社写一份倡议书,倡议大家关注野生动物的保护。
1.简述野生动物的现状;
2.野生动物减少的原因以及采取的措施;
3.呼吁大家保护野生动物。
注意: 字数控制在80词左右; 可以适当增加细节, 以使文章连贯。
提示词:减少 decrease 野生动物 wild animals
Save Endangered Animals
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2.为了推广运动健身,你校计划下个月举行5千米的“迷你马拉松”比赛,请你为校报的英语宣传栏写一篇短文进行动员。内容包括:
1.活动的目的;
2.活动具体事宜;
3.呼吁积极参加。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
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3.假定你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华,你校将于下个月举办摄影比赛。请你写一则通知,内容包括:
1. 作品要求;
2. 截止时间。
注意:1. 写作词数应为80个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Notice
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The Student Union
4.假定你们学校将举办以生态保护为主题的海报设计大赛,请你以学生会的名义发一份通知,内容包括:1. 大赛目的;2. 作品要求;3. 参赛方式。
注意:1. 写作词数为 80 左右;2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear students,
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Student Union
5.假定你是学校英语报记者。昨天你们班召开了家长会(parent-teacher meeting),请给报社写一篇报道,内容包括:
1. 会议过程;
2. 效果与反响。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
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6.假定你是李华,上周你校组织学生参观生态农业园。请你以A School Visit to an Organic Farm为题,为校英文报写一篇报道,内容包括:
1. 活动目的;
2. 活动内容;
3. 活动反响。
注意:
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A School Visit to an Organic Farm
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7.上周六,你校邀请外教Mr. Green做了题为“How to choose books to read”的讲座。请你为校英语报写一篇报道,介绍这次讲座,内容包括:
1. 讲座的时间地点; 2. 讲座的内容; 3. 收获与感想 。
注意:
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Smith,
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Yours,
Li Hua
8.假如你是校英文戏剧社团团长李华。戏剧团拟于下周五2点至5点在校图书馆一楼报告厅举办英文戏剧展演活动,请用英语写一则通知,内容包括:
1.活动目的、时间、地点;2.活动内容;3.邀请师生参加。
参考词汇:报告厅auditorium
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.请按以下格式作答。
Notice
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9.假如你是李华, 是校学生会主席。在中国文化遗产日到来之际, 请根据下面的写作提示,给同学们写一封英语倡议书, 内容包括:
1. 保护文化遗产的重要性;
2. 可采取的措施;
3. 发出呼吁。
注意: 1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
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the Students’ Union