专题02 形容词副词的级与转化
目 录
01 挑战真题·查知识漏洞
02 回顾教材·补知识漏洞
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
易混易错归纳
03 知识通关演练
1.(2023新高考I卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 44 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
【答案】rarely
【解析】考查副词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语,rarely“少有”,故填rarely。
(2023新高考II卷)Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 37 (confidence) speaking English.
【答案】collectively
【解析】考查形容词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空处和前文的comfortable并列,作并列表语,应用形容词形式,confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。
3.(2022新高考I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and __________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
【答案】eventually
【解析】考查副词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve,设空处应用副词eventually作状语,修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。
4.(2022全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___________ (meaning).
【答案】meaningful
【解析】考查形容词。句意:曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构,应用形容词meaningful,作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
5.(2022全国甲卷)...and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s _________ (high) mountain.
【答案】highest
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意:在过去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知,此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉,应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
回顾核心考点
大多数形容词和副词可以分为三个等级:原级,比较级和最高级。
1.原级:即原形
2.比较级:表示“较......”或“更......一些”的意思
3.最高级:表示“最......”的意思
比较级指两者之间的比较
最高级指三者或三者以上的比较
考点1形容词/副词原级
(一)形容词/副词原级的用法
1.一些副词,如:very /too /so /enough /quite等可以修饰形容词或副词的原级。
如:The boy is too young. He can't lift the bag.
2.表示A和B在某方面程度相同或者不同时用形容词副词的原级。
①肯定句
A...+as +形容词/副词的原级+as +B
②否定句
A...+not +as/so +形容词/副词的原级+as +B
This bike is as new as that one.
这辆自行车和那辆自行车一样新。
This bike isn't so new as that one
这辆自行车没有那辆自行车新
3.否定句的结构中,部分双音节和多音节的形容词/副词除了使用“A...+not+as/so +形容词/副词的原级+as +B”结构,还可以使用:
A....+less+ 形容词/副词的原级+than+ B
Math is less difficult than chemical.
数学没有化学难。
4.表达倍数
【A是B的...倍】
A...+倍数+ as +形容词/副词的原级+as +B
一倍:once两倍:twice三倍:three times(三倍及以上就用数字+times)
My room is twice as big as yours.
我的房间是你的房间的两倍大。
Our school is three times as big as yours.
我们学校是你们学校的三倍大。
5.表示一半
【A是B的一半】
A....half as +形容词/副词的原级+as+ B
My room is half as big as yours.
我的房间是你房间的一半。
考点2形容词/副词比较级和最高级的构成
1.规则变化
(1)单音节词加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。
tall(高的) taller tallest
great(巨大的) greater greatest
(2)以不发音的e结尾的单音节词只加-r,-st
nice(好的) nicer nicest
large(大的) larger largest
able(有能力的) abler ablest
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est (这里了解一下什么是重读闭音节)
闭音节指的是单个元音字母后面有辅音字母且以辅音字母结尾的音节,也就是一个元音字母后跟一个或几个辅音字母的单词。
闭音节包括如下几种结构:
1. 辅音+元音+辅音。例如: bed, sit, hot, cup。
2. 元音+辅音。例如: it, of。
3. 元音+多个辅音。例如: begin → beginning forbid → forbidding prohibit → prohibiting
重读音节指的是单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号“ ' ”。
重读音节有如下规律:
1. 单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。
2. 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。例如:stu-dent [ stju:dnt]Chi-na [ t a n ]
big(大的) bigger biggest
hot热的) hotter hottest
red红色的 redder reddest
(4)"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est
easy easier easiest pretty prettier prettiest
busy busier busiest happy happier happiest
funny funnier funniest heavy heavier heaviest
lovely lovelier loveliest dry drier driest lucky luckier luckiest
2.不规则变化
不规则的形容词比较级和最高级变化指的是一些形容词在形成比较级和最高级时,不按照常规规则进行变化。以下是一些常见的不规则形容词比较级和最高级变化:
good (好)-better (更好)-best(最好)
bad (坏)-worse (更坏)-worst(最坏)
far (远)-farther/further (更远)-farthest/furthest(最远)
little (小)-less(更小)-least(最小)
many/much(多)-more(更多-most(最多)
old(老)-older(更老)-oldest(最老)
late(迟)-later (更迟)-latest (最迟)
far (远)-further (更远)-furthest(最远)
考点3形容词副词的转换
1. 形容词后直接+ly;
比如:recent (最近的)adj. → recently(最近地) adv.
quick ( 快的) adj.→ quickly (快速地)adv.
2. 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词,变y为i,再加ly;
比如:happy adj.→happily(开心地;幸福地)adv.
lucky adj.→luckily (幸运地)adv.
3. 以ble/tle/ple结尾的形容词,直接把e变y;
比如:possible (有可能的) adj.→ possibly(有可能地) adv.
gentle (温柔的;温和的)adj.→ gently adv.
simple (简单的)adj.→ simply adv.
(要是结尾是le,le前边是元音字母的也去e,再加ly)
比如:whole (整体的;完整的) adj. → wholly adv.
4. 以双写l结尾的形容词,直接在词尾加y;
比如:full (满的) adj.→ fully (充分地;完全地) adv.
dull (迟钝的) adj.→dully (乏味地;迟钝地) adv.
5. 以元音字母加e结尾的形容词,去e加ly;
比如:true (真正的) adj. → truly adv.
due (到期的;适当的) adj.→ duly (适当地) adv.
【注意】: 比如wide→ widely,辅音字母d+e, 不去e,直接加ly
6. 以-ic结尾的形容词,变-ically
比如:specific (具体的;特定的) adj. → specifically adv.
terrific (极好的) adj.→ terrifically adv.
总结:
形容词变副词有规律,后缀ly要加上;e结尾,要注意,前为元音要去e;要是结尾le,前为元音也去e,前为辅音e变y; y结尾不读【ai】,先把y变成i;ic结尾加ally, public是例外!
7.形容词副词特殊含义
- hard/hardly:hard意为“努力地,猛烈地”;hardly意为“几乎不,简直不”,常用于否定句。
- well/well:well作为形容词表示“良好的”,作为副词表示“好地”。
- fast/fast:fast作为形容词表示“快地”,作为副词同样表示“快地”。
- close/closely:close表示“接近”,描述物体间的距离;closely代表“紧密地,仔细地”。
- free/freely:free意为“自由地”,freely则表示“自由地,随意地”。
- deep/deeply:deep表示具体可感受的深度;deeply则用于表达抽象概念。
- wide/widely:wide意为“广泛的”,主要用于具体范围;widely表示“广泛地,大大地”。
- high/highly:high用于表示高度或抽象意义;highly含有比喻义,表示“高度地,非常地”。
- late/lately:late表示时间上的“晚”,可以置于句末或动词后;lately则表示“最近”,相当于recently。
- most/mostly:most意为“最,非常”;mostly则表示“大部分,主要地”。
- pretty/prettily:pretty表示“相当,十分”;prettily表示“漂亮地”。
1.Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower。
【答案】simpler
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:他们的四合院规模要小很多,并且在设计和装饰上更加简单,并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知,空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler
2.This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including ___ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】lower
【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意:乡下的人条件差一些,包括更低的收入和教育水平,更高的健康食物花销和更少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知levels of income and education与higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 是并列关系,前后结构要一致由higher和fewer可知low要用形容词比较级,故答案为lower。
3.Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could ________(safe) wait for the police to take her home.
【答案】safely
【详解】考查副词。句意:山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店,这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。修饰动词wait用副词作状语,故填safely。
4.When the house was built, it was much ___ (small) than it is today.
【答案】smaller
【详解】考查形容词的比较级,句中有than这个提示词,much修饰比较级。句意:当房子建好时,它比现在要小得多。
5.One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62 (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
【答案】finest
【解析】考查最高级。句意:一天,皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像,于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来,展示他们最好的作品,以便他挑选最好的。结合句意,皇帝想要画家最好的作品,表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
6.As the small boat moved, 68 (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
【答案】gently
【解析】考查副词。句意:当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时,山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语,表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
1.(2024·陕西西安·二模)with the development of river transportation and trade, Yangliuqing became rich and 66 (heavy) populated.
【答案】
【解析】考查副词。句意:在明(1368-1644)和清(1644-1911)时期,随着河流运输和贸易的发展,杨柳青变得富裕和人口稠密。该空修饰形容词populated,使用副词作状语,heavy的副词是heavily,故填heavily。
2.(2024·湖北·二模) A zhi was the 97 (big) post station, set up at a distance of 40 kilometers, the one a horse-drawn carriage could reach in a day.
【答案】
【解析】考查形容词的最高级。句意:置是最大的驿站,每隔40公里就设一个置,这是一辆马车一天能到达的距离。根据句意和语法知识可知,此处the后面要用形容词的最高级。故填biggest。
3.(2024·贵州黔东南·二模)The online and offline grain markets, which include emergency supply 128 (center) and staple kitchens, should be improved to progress from “eating enough” to “eating 129 (health) diet”.
【答案】healthy
【解析】考查形容词。句意:完善以应急供应中心、主粮仓库为主体的线上线下粮食市场,从上到下发展。从“吃饱”到“吃的健康”。此处修饰名词,应用形容词healthy,作定语。故填healthy
4.(2024·山东青岛·一模)The purchasing excitement is expected to 25 (huge) boost consumer confidence and improve the recovery of consumption.
【答案】hugely
【解析】考查副词。句意:这种购买热情有望极大地提振消费者信心,促进消费复苏。修饰动词boost,需用副词hugely,作状语。故填hugely。
5.(2024·黑龙江·二模)a model called “Two investments and three returns”, in which residents and the village 40 (collective) invest capital and resources
【答案】collectively
【解析】考查副词。句意:为了进一步推进乡村振兴,安吉村广泛采用“两投三酬”模式,即居民和村庄共同投入资金和资源,通过合作公司或创业团队经营,获得租金、工资和分红。分析句子成分可知,空处为副词形式修饰动词。故填collectively。
6.(2024·安徽合肥·一模)It was the canal that 60 (dramatic) changed the life of the
local people, irrigating (灌溉) 36,000 hectares of land
【答案】dramatically
【解析】考查副词。句意:正是这条运河极大地改变了当地人民的生活,灌溉了3.6万公顷土地,解决了约56万7000人的供水困难。修饰动词change应用副词dramatically,故填dramatically。
7.(2024·福建泉州·三模)China’s taijiquan has become 74 (increasing) popular as a form of mind-body exercise and stress reduction.
【答案】increasingly
【解析】考查副词。句意:中国的太极拳作为一种身心锻炼和减压的方式越来越受欢迎。分析句式结构可知,此处应该用提示词的副词形式increasingly作状语修饰形容词popular。故填increasingly。
(2024·安徽·一模)Besides, the Analects of Confucius also 87 (vivid) shows the images of Confucius’s students
【答案】vividly
【解析】考查副词。句意:此外,《论语》也生动地展示了孔子学生的形象。分析句子可知,空处修饰动词shows,应用vivid的副词形式vividly,意为“生动地”。故填vividly。
9.(2024·湖南岳阳·二模)In centuries past, Suzhou also 158 (large) directed the development of ancient Chinese landscape gardens as a whole.
【答案】largely
【解析】考查副词。句意:在过去的几个世纪里,苏州也在很大程度上引领了中国古代园林的发展。分析句子可知,空处修饰动词directed,large的副词形式largely符合题意,意为“很大程度上”。故填largely。
10.(2024·北京·一模)He then 163 (creative) transformed his village and other communities in Africa. In 2022, he won “Nobel Prize in architecture”, the Pritzker Prize.
【答案】creatively
【解析】考查副词。句意:然后,他创造性地改造了自己的村庄和非洲的其他社区。副词creatively作状语,修饰动词transformed。故填creatively。专题02 形容词副词的级与转化
目 录
01 挑战真题·查知识漏洞
02 回顾教材·补知识漏洞
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
易混易错归纳
03 知识通关演练
1.(2023新高考I卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 44 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
(2023新高考II卷)Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 37 (confidence) speaking English.
3.(2022新高考I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and __________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
4.(2022全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___________ (meaning).
5.(2022全国甲卷)...and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s _________ (high) mountain.
回顾核心考点
大多数形容词和副词可以分为三个等级:原级,比较级和最高级。
1.原级:即原形
2.比较级:表示“较......”或“更......一些”的意思
3.最高级:表示“最......”的意思
比较级指两者之间的比较
最高级指三者或三者以上的比较
考点1形容词/副词原级
(一)形容词/副词原级的用法
1.一些副词,如:very /too /so /enough /quite等可以修饰形容词或副词的原级。
如:The boy is too young. He can't lift the bag.
2.表示A和B在某方面程度相同或者不同时用形容词副词的原级。
①肯定句
A...+as +形容词/副词的原级+as +B
②否定句
A...+not +as/so +形容词/副词的原级+as +B
This bike is as new as that one.
这辆自行车和那辆自行车一样新。
This bike isn't so new as that one
这辆自行车没有那辆自行车新
3.否定句的结构中,部分双音节和多音节的形容词/副词除了使用“A...+not+as/so +形容词/副词的原级+as +B”结构,还可以使用:
A....+less+ 形容词/副词的原级+than+ B
Math is less difficult than chemical.
数学没有化学难。
4.表达倍数
【A是B的...倍】
A...+倍数+ as +形容词/副词的原级+as +B
一倍:once两倍:twice三倍:three times(三倍及以上就用数字+times)
My room is twice as big as yours.
我的房间是你的房间的两倍大。
Our school is three times as big as yours.
我们学校是你们学校的三倍大。
5.表示一半
【A是B的一半】
A....half as +形容词/副词的原级+as+ B
My room is half as big as yours.
我的房间是你房间的一半。
考点2形容词/副词比较级和最高级的构成
1.规则变化
(1)单音节词加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。
tall(高的) taller tallest
great(巨大的) greater greatest
(2)以不发音的e结尾的单音节词只加-r,-st
nice(好的) nicer nicest
large(大的) larger largest
able(有能力的) abler ablest
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est (这里了解一下什么是重读闭音节)
闭音节指的是单个元音字母后面有辅音字母且以辅音字母结尾的音节,也就是一个元音字母后跟一个或几个辅音字母的单词。
闭音节包括如下几种结构:
1. 辅音+元音+辅音。例如: bed, sit, hot, cup。
2. 元音+辅音。例如: it, of。
3. 元音+多个辅音。例如: begin → beginning forbid → forbidding prohibit → prohibiting
重读音节指的是单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号“ ' ”。
重读音节有如下规律:
1. 单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。
2. 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。例如:stu-dent [ stju:dnt]Chi-na [ t a n ]
big(大的) bigger biggest
hot热的) hotter hottest
red红色的 redder reddest
(4)"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est
easy easier easiest pretty prettier prettiest
busy busier busiest happy happier happiest
funny funnier funniest heavy heavier heaviest
lovely lovelier loveliest dry drier driest lucky luckier luckiest
2.不规则变化
不规则的形容词比较级和最高级变化指的是一些形容词在形成比较级和最高级时,不按照常
规规则进行变化。以下是一些常见的不规则形容词比较级和最高级变化:
good (好)-better (更好)-best(最好)
bad (坏)-worse (更坏)-worst(最坏)
far (远)-farther/further (更远)-farthest/furthest(最远)
little (小)-less(更小)-least(最小)
many/much(多)-more(更多-most(最多)
old(老)-older(更老)-oldest(最老)
late(迟)-later (更迟)-latest (最迟)
far (远)-further (更远)-furthest(最远)
考点3形容词副词的转换
1. 形容词后直接+ly;
比如:recent (最近的)adj. → recently(最近地) adv.
quick ( 快的) adj.→ quickly (快速地)adv.
2. 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词,变y为i,再加ly;
比如:happy adj.→happily(开心地;幸福地)adv.
lucky adj.→luckily (幸运地)adv.
3. 以ble/tle/ple结尾的形容词,直接把e变y;
比如:possible (有可能的) adj.→ possibly(有可能地) adv.
gentle (温柔的;温和的)adj.→ gently adv.
simple (简单的)adj.→ simply adv.
(要是结尾是le,le前边是元音字母的也去e,再加ly)
比如:whole (整体的;完整的) adj. → wholly adv.
4. 以双写l结尾的形容词,直接在词尾加y;
比如:full (满的) adj.→ fully (充分地;完全地) adv.
dull (迟钝的) adj.→dully (乏味地;迟钝地) adv.
5. 以元音字母加e结尾的形容词,去e加ly;
比如:true (真正的) adj. → truly adv.
due (到期的;适当的) adj.→ duly (适当地) adv.
【注意】: 比如wide→ widely,辅音字母d+e, 不去e,直接加ly
6. 以-ic结尾的形容词,变-ically
比如:specific (具体的;特定的) adj. → specifically adv.
terrific (极好的) adj.→ terrifically adv.
总结:
形容词变副词有规律,后缀ly要加上;e结尾,要注意,前为元音要去e;要是结尾le,前为元音也去e,前为辅音e变y; y结尾不读【ai】,先把y变成i;ic结尾加ally, public是例外!
7.形容词副词特殊含义
- hard/hardly:hard意为“努力地,猛烈地”;hardly意为“几乎不,简直不”,常用于否定句。
- well/well:well作为形容词表示“良好的”,作为副词表示“好地”。
- fast/fast:fast作为形容词表示“快地”,作为副词同样表示“快地”。
- close/closely:close表示“接近”,描述物体间的距离;closely代表“紧密地,仔细地”。
- free/freely:free意为“自由地”,freely则表示“自由地,随意地”。
- deep/deeply:deep表示具体可感受的深度;deeply则用于表达抽象概念。
- wide/widely:wide意为“广泛的”,主要用于具体范围;widely表示“广泛地,大大地”。
- high/highly:high用于表示高度或抽象意义;highly含有比喻义,表示“高度地,非常地”。
- late/lately:late表示时间上的“晚”,可以置于句末或动词后;lately则表示“最近”,相当于recently。
- most/mostly:most意为“最,非常”;mostly则表示“大部分,主要地”。
- pretty/prettily:pretty表示“相当,十分”;prettily表示“漂亮地”。
1.Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower。
2.This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including ___ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
3.Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could ________(safe) wait for the police to take her home.
4.When the house was built, it was much ___ (small) than it is today.
5.One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62 (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
6.As the small boat moved, 68 (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
1.(2024·陕西西安·二模)with the development of river transportation and trade, Yangliuqing became rich and 66 (heavy) populated.
2.(2024·湖北·二模) A zhi was the 97 (big) post station, set up at a distance of 40 kilometers, the one a horse-drawn carriage could reach in a day.
3.(2024·贵州黔东南·二模)The online and offline grain markets, which include emergency supply 128 (center) and staple kitchens, should be improved to progress from “eating enough” to “eating 129 (health) diet”.
4.(2024·山东青岛·一模)The purchasing excitement is expected to 25 (huge) boost consumer confidence and improve the recovery of consumption.
5.(2024·黑龙江·二模)a model called “Two investments and three returns”, in which residents and the village 40 (collective) invest capital and resources
6.(2024·安徽合肥·一模)It was the canal that 60 (dramatic) changed the life of the local people, irrigating (灌溉) 36,000 hectares of land
7.(2024·福建泉州·三模)China’s taijiquan has become 74 (increasing) popular as a form of mind-body exercise and stress reduction.
8.(2024·安徽·一模)Besides, the Analects of Confucius also 87 (vivid) shows the images of Confucius’s students
9.(2024·湖南岳阳·二模)In centuries past, Suzhou also 158 (large) directed the development of ancient Chinese landscape gardens as a whole.
10.(2024·北京·一模)He then 163 (creative) transformed his village and other communities in Africa. In 2022, he won “Nobel Prize in architecture”, the Pritzker Prize.