Unit 4 JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND
Learning About Language 导学案
学前预学区
一、 根据词义写出正确的单词
1. vi. & vt. （使）加入；注册；登记
2. n.[C] 采石场
二、短语互译
1． 出发；启程
2. 令人惊叹
3. 一路上；自始至终； 一直
4. 穿过
5. 另外；加之；除……之外（还）
6. 是……的家园
三、用单词的正确形式完成句子
1. In this cold weather, many things were . (freeze)
2. He shows great interest in and has bought a lot of books.
Reading changed him. (literature)
3. After running, he was . He deeply before leaving the playground. (breath)
4. To his , all his family were all with the climate here. (please) 5. To our , the dancer finished the performance with some skills, which also made
himself feel . (astonish)
6. It is a bit this morning, so there is much rising in the woods. (mist)
课中学习区
一、过去分词作表语
1.过去分词作表语的用法。
过去分词可放在连系动词 be，get ，feel，remain ，seem，look，become 等之后作表语， 表示主语所处的
状态。
He looked worried after reading the letter.
看完信后，他显得很忧虑。
When we heard of it ，we were deeply moved.
当我们听说了这件事，我们深受感动。
2.过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别。
过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。
The cup is broken.
杯子碎了。 (系表结构)
The cup was broken by Tom.
杯子是汤姆打碎的。 (被动语态)
3.感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别。
英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词， 其现在分词表示主动意义， 即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰 物； 其过去分词含有被动意义， 即“人被引起某种感觉的” ，多用来指人、人的声音、笑容或表情等。常用的
这类词有：
{surprised 感到吃惊 (surprising 令人吃惊)的 (的) {fri (fri)g (g)htened 感到害 (htening 令人害)怕 (怕)的 (的)
(
{
)discourag (discourag)ed 泄气 (ing 令人)的 (泄)气的 {disappointed 感到失望 (disappointing 令人失望)的 (的)
We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.
我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。
His words were discouraging ，which made many people discouraged.
他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。
The frightened look on her face suggested that she was frightened by the frightening scene. 她脸上害怕的表情表明她被这恐怖的现场吓着了。
二、过去分词作状语
1.过去分词(短语)作状语， 表示被动的或完成的动作， 这时句子的主语和过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动
关系。
Written in a hurry ，this article was not so good.
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
本句中的 written in a hurry 为过去分词短语作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写完。 过去分词通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等。
(1)过去分词作时间状语，在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。
Asked about his address( ＝When he was asked about his address) ，the boy didn’t respond.
问及他的地址时，小男孩没有作答。
(2)过去分词作原因状语，在句中相当于一个原因状语从句。
Annoyed at the decision( ＝As he was annoyed at the decision) ，he refused to attend the meeting.
由于对这个决定很生气，他拒绝参加会议。
(3)过去分词作条件状语，在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。
Heated to a high temperature( ＝If it is heated to a high temperature) ，water will change into vapor.
如果加热到高温，水就能变成蒸汽。
(4)过去分词作让步状语，在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。
Though warned of the storm( ＝Though they had been warned of the storm)，the farmers were still working in
the fields.
尽管被警告过有暴风雨，农民们仍然在田地里劳作。
(5)过去分词作方式、伴随状语，在句中相当于一个并列句。
Followed by a group of students ，the teacher entered the classroom.
=The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of students.
老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。
注意：过去分词(短语)作状语时，前面有时可以加上 when ，if，while ，though ，even if，until ，unless 等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语＋be 的多种形式”)。需要注意的是，
省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或为 it。
Even if invited( ＝Even if I’m invited) ，I won’t take part in the party.
即使受到邀请，我也不会参加这个聚会的。
拓展:部分过去分词来源于系表结构， 作状语时不表示“被动关系” ，其前不用 being。这样的过去分词及 短语常见的有：lost in(陷入某种状态) 、seated(坐着的) 、hidden(躲着) 、lost/absorbed(沉溺于) 、dressed in(穿
着) 、tired of(厌烦了)等。
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought ，she didn’t hear the sound.
由于陷入沉思，所以她没有听到那个声音。
Dressed in a new dress ，she looks very beautiful.
穿着一件新衣服，她看上去很漂亮。
2.过去分词作状语时的位置。
过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式
状语时， 一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时， 一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。
Told that his mother was ill ，Li Lei hurried home quickly.(原因状语)
得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。
The old man walked into the room ，supported by his son.(方式状语)
老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。
3.过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别。
过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻
辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。
助记 分词作状语记忆口诀
分词作状语，主语是问题。
前后两动作，共用一主语。
主语找出后，再来判关系。
主动用-ing，被动用-ed。
Used for a long time ，the book looks old.(动宾关系)
由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。
Using the book ，I find it very useful.(主谓关系)
在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。
注意：无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状
语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。
If caught ，the police will punish the thief.( )
If caught ，the thief will be punished by the police.( )
If the thief is caught ，the police will punish him/her.( )
三、自学感知
过去分词与现在分词区别
1.过去分词（Past Participle）和现在分词（Present Participle），都属于 形式，可以在句中充
当 、 、 和 。
2.过去分词作 语， 表示主语所处状态或主观心理感受，相当于 词(词性)的作用。
The young NBA basketball king James is married.
The window of my room is broken.
Don’t be so disappointed.
We are excited to hear the good news.
We are always pleased to be able to help.
2.现在分词作 语， 一般跟在 be ，get ，become ，look ，sound ，feel ，keep ，remain ， 等系动词
后面，相当于 词，用来表示主语所具有的特征或属性。
The news was exciting.
The situation is encouraging.
The film is moving.
3.过去分词短语做 语，可以用来表示事情发生的时间，条件，方式，让步，原因，或伴随状
况。
Asked why he didn’t do it, he began to cry.
Given more time, we could do it much better.
Greatly moved by the film, they all cried.
He walked up and down the room, lost in thought.
Supported by his wife, the old man went into the room.
Laughed at by many people, Tom continued his study.
4.现在分词短语做 语，也可以用来表示事情发生的时间，条件，方式，让步，原因，结果，或
伴随状况。
The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.
Travelling by jeep, we visited a number of cities.
Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
Turning around, she saw a police car driving up.
Working hard, you will succeed.
Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children.
Weighing almost one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone.
易错点总结：
过去分词作状语, 其逻辑主语要与主句主语保持一致, 两者之间为“ 动关系”。
Given more time, we could do it much better.
Supported by his wife, the old man went into the room.
Laughed at by many people, Tom continued his study.
现在分词作状语, 其逻辑主语要与主句主语保持一致, 两者之间为“ 动关系”。
Turning around, she saw a police car driving up.
Working hard, you will succeed.
分词作状语表示“结果” 时，只能用现在分词.
He didn’t come today, making it necessary for us to find someone to do his work.
Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds, blocking roads, paths and railway lines.
课后练习
1 ．—Are you sure you’re ready for the test
—No problem.I’m well (prepare) for it.
2 ． (find) the course very difficult ，she decided to move to a lower level.
3 ．If (give) more care and attention ，the boy would not have gone that far on the wrong path.
4 ．We got a little (sunburn) ，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind.
5 ．I quickly lower myself ，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel
(challenge) .
6 ．While waiting for the opportunity to get (promote) ，Henry did his best to perform his duty.
7 ．The ending of the story makes Susan very (amaze) .
8 ．Nervously (face) challenges ，I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself” .
9 ．First (celebrate) in 1970 ，the Earth Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and
regions(地区) .
10 ． (bear) in this beautiful town ，the girl hates to leave it.Unit 4 JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND
Learning About Language 导学案
学前预学区
一、 根据词义写出正确的单词
1. vi. & vt. （使）加入；注册；登记
2. n.[C] 采石场
【答案】 1.enroll 2.quarry
二、短语互译
1． 出发；启程
2. 令人惊叹
3. 一路上；自始至终； 一直
4. 穿过
5. 另外；加之；除……之外（还）
6. 是……的家园
【答案】 1. . start out 2. take sb.’s breath away 3. all the way
4.pass through 5. in addition to 6. be home to
三、用单词的正确形式完成句子
1. In this cold weather, many things were . (freeze)
2. He shows great interest in and has bought a lot of books.
Reading changed him. (literature)
3. After running, he was . He deeply before leaving the playground. (breath)
4. To his , all his family were all with the climate here. (please) 5. To our , the dancer finished the performance with some skills, which also made
himself feel . (astonish)
6. It is a bit this morning, so there is much rising in the woods. (mist)
【答案】
1. freezing; frozen
2. literature; literary; literally
3. breathless; breathed
4. pleasure; pleased; pleasant
5. astonishment; astonishing; astonished
6. misty; mist
课中学习区
一、过去分词作表语
1.过去分词作表语的用法。
过去分词可放在连系动词 be，get ，feel，remain ，seem，look，become 等之后作表语， 表示主语所处的
状态。
He looked worried after reading the letter.
看完信后，他显得很忧虑。
When we heard of it ，we were deeply moved.
当我们听说了这件事，我们深受感动。
2.过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别。
过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。
The cup is broken.
杯子碎了。 (系表结构)
The cup was broken by Tom.
杯子是汤姆打碎的。 (被动语态)
3.感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别。
英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词， 其现在分词表示主动意义， 即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰 物； 其过去分词含有被动意义， 即“人被引起某种感觉的” ，多用来指人、人的声音、笑容或表情等。常用的
这类词有：
{surprised 感到吃惊 (surprising 令人吃惊)的 (的) {fri (fri)g (g)htened 感到害 (htening 令人害)怕 (怕)的 (的)
(
{
)discourag (discourag)ed 泄气 (ing 令人)的 (泄)气的 {disappointed 感到失望 (disappointing 令人失望)的 (的)
We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.
我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。
His words were discouraging ，which made many people discouraged.
他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。
The frightened look on her face suggested that she was frightened by the frightening scene. 她脸上害怕的表情表明她被这恐怖的现场吓着了。
二、过去分词作状语
1.过去分词(短语)作状语， 表示被动的或完成的动作， 这时句子的主语和过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动
关系。
Written in a hurry ，this article was not so good.
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
本句中的 written in a hurry 为过去分词短语作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写完。
过去分词通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等。
(1)过去分词作时间状语，在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。
Asked about his address( ＝When he was asked about his address) ，the boy didn’t respond.
问及他的地址时，小男孩没有作答。
(2)过去分词作原因状语，在句中相当于一个原因状语从句。
Annoyed at the decision( ＝As he was annoyed at the decision) ，he refused to attend the meeting.
由于对这个决定很生气，他拒绝参加会议。
(3)过去分词作条件状语，在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。
Heated to a high temperature( ＝If it is heated to a high temperature) ，water will change into vapor.
如果加热到高温，水就能变成蒸汽。
(4)过去分词作让步状语，在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。
Though warned of the storm( ＝Though they had been warned of the storm)，the farmers were still working in
the fields.
尽管被警告过有暴风雨，农民们仍然在田地里劳作。
(5)过去分词作方式、伴随状语，在句中相当于一个并列句。
Followed by a group of students ，the teacher entered the classroom.
=The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of students.
老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。
注意：过去分词(短语)作状语时，前面有时可以加上 when ，if，while ，though ，even if，until ，unless 等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语＋be 的多种形式”)。需要注意的是，
省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或为 it。
Even if invited( ＝Even if I’m invited) ，I won’t take part in the party.
即使受到邀请，我也不会参加这个聚会的。
拓展:部分过去分词来源于系表结构， 作状语时不表示“被动关系” ，其前不用 being。这样的过去分词及 短语常见的有：lost in(陷入某种状态) 、seated(坐着的) 、hidden(躲着) 、lost/absorbed(沉溺于) 、dressed in(穿
着) 、tired of(厌烦了)等。
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought ，she didn’t hear the sound.
由于陷入沉思，所以她没有听到那个声音。
Dressed in a new dress ，she looks very beautiful.
穿着一件新衣服，她看上去很漂亮。
2.过去分词作状语时的位置。
过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式
状语时， 一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时， 一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。
Told that his mother was ill ，Li Lei hurried home quickly.(原因状语)
得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。
The old man walked into the room ，supported by his son.(方式状语)
老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。
3.过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别。
过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻
辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。
助记 分词作状语记忆口诀
分词作状语，主语是问题。
前后两动作，共用一主语。
主语找出后，再来判关系。
主动用-ing，被动用-ed。
Used for a long time ，the book looks old.(动宾关系)
由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。
Using the book ，I find it very useful.(主谓关系)
在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。
注意：无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状
语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。
If caught ，the police will punish the thief.( )
If caught ，the thief will be punished by the police.( )
If the thief is caught ，the police will punish him/her.( )
【答案】F T T
三、自学感知
1.过去分词与现在分词区别
过去分词（Past Participle）和现在分词（Present Participle），都属于 形式，可以在句中充当
、 、 和 。
【答案】非谓语动词 表语，状语，定语和宾补
2.过去分词作 语， 表示主语所处状态或主观心理感受，相当于 词(词性)的作用。
The young NBA basketball king James is married.
The window of my room is broken.
Don’t be so disappointed.
We are excited to hear the good news.
We are always pleased to be able to help.
【答案】表语 形容词
2.现在分词作 语， 一般跟在 be ，get ，become ，look ，sound ，feel ，keep ，remain ， 等系动词
后面，相当于 词，用来表示主语所具有的特征或属性。
The news was exciting.
The situation is encouraging.
The film is moving.
【答案】表语 形容词
3.过去分词短语做 语，可以用来表示事情发生的时间，条件，方式，让步，原因，或伴随状
况。
Asked why he didn’t do it, he began to cry.
Given more time, we could do it much better.
Greatly moved by the film, they all cried.
He walked up and down the room, lost in thought.
Supported by his wife, the old man went into the room.
Laughed at by many people, Tom continued his study.
【答案】状语
4.现在分词短语做 语，也可以用来表示事情发生的时间，条件，方式，让步，原因，结果，或
伴随状况。
The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.
Travelling by jeep, we visited a number of cities.
Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
Turning around, she saw a police car driving up.
Working hard, you will succeed.
Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children.
Weighing almost one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone.
【答案】状语
易错点总结：
过去分词作状语, 其逻辑主语要与主句主语保持一致, 两者之间为“ 动关系”。
Given more time, we could do it much better.
Supported by his wife, the old man went into the room.
Laughed at by many people, Tom continued his study.
【答案】被动
现在分词作状语, 其逻辑主语要与主句主语保持一致, 两者之间为“ 动关系”。
Turning around, she saw a police car driving up.
Working hard, you will succeed.
分词作状语表示“结果” 时，只能用现在分词.
He didn’t come today, making it necessary for us to find someone to do his work.
Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds, blocking roads, paths and railway lines.
【答案】主动
课后练习
1 ．—Are you sure you’re ready for the test
—No problem.I’m well (prepare) for it.
2 ． (find) the course very difficult ，she decided to move to a lower level.
3 ．If (give) more care and attention ，the boy would not have gone that far on the wrong path.
4 ．We got a little (sunburn) ，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind.
5 ．I quickly lower myself ，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel
(challenge) .
6 ．While waiting for the opportunity to get (promote) ，Henry did his best to perform his duty.
7 ．The ending of the story makes Susan very (amaze) .
8 ．Nervously (face) challenges ，I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself” .
9 ．First (celebrate) in 1970 ，the Earth Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and
regions(地区) .
10 ． (bear) in this beautiful town ，the girl hates to leave it.
【答案】1. prepared 2.Finding 3.givern 4.sunburnt/surnburned 5. challenged
6.promoted 7.amazing amazed 8.facing 9.celebrated 10.Born
