2024届高考英语语法专题复习 第2讲 形容词和副词课件(共74张PPT)

(共74张PPT)
第二讲　形容词和副词
考点突破 · 精讲即练
考点一　形容词和副词的词形转换
1．形容词的构词规律
类别 例词
名词词尾加-y rain→rainy，cloud→cloudy，luck→lucky，health→healthy，sleep→sleepy，wealth→wealthy
动词词尾加-(e)d learn→learned，gift→gifted, talent→talented，advance→advanced，excite→excited
动词词尾加-ing challenge→challenging，surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening
类别 例词
名词词尾加-ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless，harm→harmful/harmless，colour→colourful/colourless，thank→thankful/thankless，peace→peaceful/peaceless，use→useful/useless，home→homeless
类别 例词
名词或动词 词尾加-able accept→acceptable，comfort→comfortable，knowledge→knowledgeable，respect→respectable，reason→reasonable
名词词尾加-ous danger→dangerous，courage→courageous，humour→humorous
名词词尾的 -ce变为-t confidence→confident，
difference→different
类别 例词
名词词尾加-al music→musical, person→personal，
nation→national，education→educational，tradition→traditional
名词词尾加-ly friend→friendly, week→weekly，love→lovely
名词词尾加-en wood→wooden, wool→woolen
类别 例词
动词词尾加 -ive/-ative attract→attractive, talk→talkative，prevent→preventive，protect→protective
其他常见变化 energy→energetic, fool→foolish，pleasure→pleasant/pleased，science→scientific
[以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等)；以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等)]
【点津】
区分-ed形容词与-ing形容词的具体方法：
(1)-ing形容词主要用于修饰物或事，表示事物的性质特征，常译为“令人……的”。
(2)-ed形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile (微笑), feeling (感觉), appearance (外貌), cry (哭), face (面部表情), voice (声音), mood (情绪), look (表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。
2．副词的构词规律
类别 例词
形容词＋后缀-ly clear→clearly, great→greatly，loud→loudly，sudden→suddenly，sincere→sincerely，shy→shyly
以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加-ly happy→happily，heavy→heavily，angry→angrily，lucky→luckily，noisy→noisily
类别 例词
词尾为-ble/-le的形容词，去e再加-y terrible→terribly，possible→possibly，gentle→gently，probable→probably，comfortable→comfortably，responsible→responsibly，suitable→suitably(例外：whole→wholly)
词尾为-ue的形容词，去e再加-ly true→truly
类别 例词
词尾为-ll的形容词，直接加-y full→fully，dull→dully
词尾为-ic的形容词，加 -ally basic→basically, scientific→scientifically，
specific→specifically，
automatic→automatically
即时演练(一)
单句语法填空
1．But that's how nature is—always leaving us __________ (astonish)．
2．Walking along a trail in the shadowy forest, I saw ________ (variety) plants that have started to turn reddish.
3．They are making the space experience ____________ (access) to ordinary people.
4．Today, as urban population explodes __________ (globe), cities become more crowded.
astonished
various
accessible
globally
考点二　形容词和副词的基本用法
1．形容词和副词的句法功能
词性 功能 例句
形容词 在句中作定语、表语、补足语和状语(说明主语的状态、性质或特征等)，修饰名词、代词等 Optimistic, she is the sort of lady to spread sunshine to people through her smile.
乐观的她是那种通过微笑向人们传播阳光的人。
词性 功能 例句
副词 在句中作状语，修饰动词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词短语或句子等，方位副词可作后置定语、表语或补语 I couldn't find my way out, so I stayed there all along.
我找不到出去的路，因此我一直待在那里。
2.兼有两种形式的副词
其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀-ly。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不同。
close接近(指距离)—closely仔细地；密切地
free免费—freely自由地；自如地
deep深—deeply深刻地；深入地
hard努力地—hardly几乎不
wide充分地；尽可能远地—widely广泛地
high高—highly高度地
late晚；迟—lately近来
near邻近—nearly几乎
most最—mostly主要地；绝大多数地
pretty相当地—prettily优美地
【点津】
下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：
lively，lonely，lovely，deadly，friendly，ugly，silly，likely，brotherly，timely 等。
3．常用的连接性副词
(1)though 一般用于句末，意为“然而；可是”，表示转折。
(2)meanwhile意为“在此期间”，表示两个动作同时发生。
(3)therefore/thus/consequently意为“因此；所以”，表示结果。
(4)moreover/furthermore/additionally意为“此外”，表示承接关系。
(5)besides意为“另外；还有”，表示并列或递进关系。
(6)however意为“然而”，表示让步和转折，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
(7)instead意为“相反”，表示相反的情况。
(8)anyway/anyhow意为“尽管；即使这样”，表示让步。
4．常考易混、易错形容词和副词的区别
(1)before与ago
相同点：都可以表示“在若干时间以前”。
不同点：before常用于过去完成时，所指的时间是从过去某一时刻算起的以前；ago常用于一般过去时，所指的时间是从现在算起的一段时间以前。
Three days ago, I finally left the firm that I had joined eighteen years before.
三天前，我终于离开了18年前我所进入的公司。
(2)so与such
so是副词，可以放在形容词或副词之前作状语；such是限定词，可用来修饰名词，作定语。
such a beautiful girl＝so beautiful a girl
such a lovely day＝so lovely a day
应注意以下几点：
①当名词为不可数名词或复数名词时，不能用so，必须用such。
②当名词前有表示数量的词语(如many, much, few, little)时，则只能使用so来修饰它们，而不能使用such。
He has so little money.
他只有那么一点儿钱。
【点津】
当little作“小的”讲时，可以用such。
such a little animal这么小的动物
即时演练(二)
单句语法填空
1．She is not an outgoing person and she doesn't let anyone know what she _______ (true) feels.
2．_______________ (fortune), the people making the decisions are out of touch with the real world.
3．She is ____ confident a woman that she is certain of her views.
4．Oliver says if you're _______ (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them if you can join in when it's possible.
truly
Unfortunately
so
lucky
考点三　比较级和最高级的用法
形容词和副词比较等级的考查主要体现在两个方面：一是通过标志词than或表示比较意义的语境推出用比较级还是最高级；二是考查一些固定结构中比较级和最高级的用法。
1．比较级和最高级的构成
(1)规则形式
①单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词，在原级后加-er，-est构成，如clever—cleverer—cleverest。
其他特殊变化见下表：
特殊情况 构成方法 例词
以不发音的字母-e结尾 加-r和-st brave—braver
—bravest
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾 变y为i，再加 -er和-est happy—happier—happiest
以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母 双写词尾， 再加-er和-est hot—hotter
—hottest
②多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在原级前加more和most构成。
active—more active—most active
happily—more happily—most happily
【点津】
(1)有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加-er和-est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired和以-ow, -er结尾的词。
(2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right (正确的)，wrong (错误的)，excellent (优秀的)，possible (可能的)，empty (空的)，first (第一的)，wooden (木制的)，final (最后的)，east (东方的)，last (最后的)等。
(2)不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good, well better best
bad, ill worse worst
many, much more most
little less least
原级 比较级 最高级
far farther(指时间或空间上“更远的/地”) farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的；最远的”)
further(指空间或用于描述比喻或抽象的距离“更远的；更进一步的”；“在更大程度上”) furthest(指空间距离“最远的；在最大程度上”)
old older/elder oldest/eldest
2.比较等级的基本用法
(1)同级比较：as＋形容词/副词原级＋as，其否定形式是“not as/so＋形容词/副词原级＋as”。
(2)比较级结构：形容词/副词的比较级＋than; more/less＋多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词＋than。常见的修饰比较级的词有any, much, even, far, by far, a lot, a great deal等。
The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read.
这本书比我以前读的书有趣多了。
(3)最高级结构：the＋形容词的最高级(＋名词)＋比较范围(in/of/among短语)；one of the＋形容词的最高级＋名词复数。常用来修饰最高级的词有by far, almost以及序数词等。
Raymond's parents wanted him to have the best possible education.
雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。
3．比较等级的特殊句型
(1)“比较级＋and＋比较级”或“more and more/less and less＋原级”表示“越来越……”。
Holiday flight tickets are getting less and less expensive.
假期的机票越来越便宜了。
(2)“the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语，the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语”，表示“越……，就越……”。
The more you listen and read, the better you write and speak.
你听得越多、读得越多，你的写作和口语就越好。
(3)“the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词”，表示“两者中较……的那个人或物”。
Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry.
这两个相机中，我喜欢较小的那个，它很容易携带。
4．比较级形式表达最高级含义
(1)“否定词＋比较级”或“否定词＋such/so ...as”结构表示最高级含义。
The story is perfect; I've never heard a better one before.
这个故事太完美了；我从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。
(2)比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义：
①比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词；
②比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词；
③比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词。
The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.
长江比中国的其他任何一条河流都长。/长江是中国最长的河流。
5．倍数表达法
常见的倍数表达句型主要有：
①A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B；
②A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B；
③A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B；
④The＋名词(size，length，height 等)＋of＋A＋is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B；
⑤A is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句。
Smoking is harmful to people's health, killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents.
吸烟有害健康，每年因抽烟而丧命的人比死于交通事故的多7倍。
即时演练(三)
单句语法填空
1．My mum makes the ______ (good) biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help.
2．He realized that if he could construct a windmill, his village people could live a far ________ (good) life.
3．After a few months, we all felt that we had been able to build much _________ (strong) relationships with the family than we had before.
best
better
stronger
4．My father went to work by car as usual today, but he arrived at the company later ______ usual.
5．The electronic waste stream is increasing three times ________ (fast) than traditional garbage as a whole.
than
faster
集训夯基 · 素养提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2023·全国甲卷)___________(difference) from traditional fables，Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
解析：考查形容词。be different from与……不同，所以用形容词作状语，且位于句首，首字母大写。故填Different。
Different
2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings)，those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers，encasing hot，_______(taste) soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
解析：考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，意为“美味的”，应用形容词作定语。故填tasty。
3．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)So，what are they learning？________(basic)，how to describe a panda's life.
解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰。位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Basically。
tasty
Basically
4．(2023·浙江1月卷)The term“hutong”，________________(original)
meaning“water well”in Mongolian，appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
解析：考查词性转换。本句中meaning...Mongolian为动词-ing 形式作非限制性定语，空白处修饰非谓语动词meaning，应用副词。故填originally。
originally
5．(2023·浙江1月卷) The hutongs they formed were orderly，lined by __________(space)homes and walled gardens.
解析：考查词性转换。空白处应用形容词spacious，意为“宽敞的”作定语修饰homes。故填spacious。
spacious
6．(2023·浙江1月卷) Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and __________________(simple)in design and decoration，and the hutongs were narrower.
解析：考查形容词比较级。根据句子结构可知，空白处前的and表并列，连接并列表语，and前为比较级smaller，因此空白处也应用simple的比较级。故填simpler/more simple。
simpler/more simple
7．(2022·全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ____________(meaning).
解析： 考查形容词。此处为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语(形容词)”的固定结构，设空处应用所给词的形容词形式。故填meaningful。
meaningful
8．(2022·全国乙卷)As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the _________(large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
解析：考查形容词的最高级。分析句子结构可知，the后接形容词的最高级。故填largest。
largest
9．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will _____________(undoubted) help you get refreshed!
解析：考查词性转换。设空处修饰动词help，应用副词作状语，表示“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
10．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ________(hot) the spring!
解析：考查形容词的固定结构。此处是固定结构“the ＋比较级，the＋比较级”，意为“越……，就越……”。故填hotter。
undoubtedly
hotter
11．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and ____________ (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
解析：考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve，设空处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。
eventually
12．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)They both fell ________ (sleep) while watching TV.
解析：考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
asleep
13．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)When he looked down, he ______________ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge.
解析：考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的；失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地；失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。
accidentally
14．(2022·浙江1月卷)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, _________(rough) 200 academics—many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
解析：考查副词。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行气候科学”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者——其中许多是气候科学家承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地；大约”。故填roughly。
roughly
15．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ________ (ache) legs.
解析：考查形容词。句意：虽然这是你上山途中唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并提供了一个地方，你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的腿。ache和它所修饰的词之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。aching也可看作形容词，是“疼痛的”的含义。故填aching。
aching
16．(2021·全国高考Ⅱ卷)I told him how _________ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
解析：考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的宾语从句，how之后接形容词或副词，根据could be，所以用形容词。故填harmful。
harmful
17．(2021·浙江卷)When the house was built, it was much _________ (small)than it is today.
解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much＋比较级＋than，提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。故填smaller。
smaller
18．(2021·浙江1月卷)But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed _________ (sharp)．
解析：考查副词。句意：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知，sharp是要修饰动词narrow，用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。
sharply
19．(2021·浙江1月卷)This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including _______ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，including说明的是一些不利条件，且后面有higher和fewer，是并列关系，所以low也应该用比较级形式。故填lower。
lower
20．(2022·浙江1月卷)She doesn't work in summer, as it would be ______________ (unpleasant) hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning.
解析：考查副词。句意：她夏天不工作，因为即使有空调，对车里的动物来说，天气也会热得不舒服。空处修饰形容词hot，应使用unpleasant的副词形式。故填unpleasantly。
unpleasantly
21．(2020·新课标Ⅱ卷)_______________(certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
解析：考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语作时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能符合句子结构，用副词形式作状语。故填Certainly。
Certainly
22．(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their ________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
解析：考查形容词最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
finest
23．(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷)As the small boat moved ________ (gentle) along the river, he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
解析：考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved，应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
gently
24．(2020·浙江1月卷)The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large compared to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes _______ (old)than before.
解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，平均而言，人口比以前老龄化。根据下文than before可知应用形容词比较级。故填older。
older
25．(2020·浙江1月卷)This is ______________ (particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer.
解析：考查副词。句意：在美国尤其如此。此处修饰形容词true应用副词。故填particularly。
26．(2020·山东卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries, _________ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.
解析：考查形容词。句意：在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词作定语。故填wealthy。
particularly
wealthy
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．This is a ________________ game.
这是一场势均力敌的比赛。
2．___________________________, the better you'll learn.
你学习越努力，学得就越好。
3．I've never spent _____________________ before.
我从来没经历过那么令人烦恼的一天。
closely fought
The harder you work/study
a more worrying day
4．With winter coming, the night _____________________________.
随着冬天的到来，夜晚变得越来越长。
5．He talks _____________ and does ____________ in his office.
他在办公室里说得最少干得最多。
is becoming longer and longer
(the) least
(the) most
Ⅲ.语法填空
形容词副词专练
Visitors to Britain may find the________(good) place to enjoy local culture is in a _______________(tradition) pub. A team of researchers have discovered some of the unknown culture of British pubs—starting with the______________(difficult) of getting a drink. This may sound inconvenient, but there is a __________(hide) meaning.
1.best
2.traditional
3.difficulty
4.hidden
Pub culture is formed to improve sociability in a society that is known for its coldness. Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others who are waiting to be served. The bar counter is____________(possible) the only place in Britain where a ____________(friend) talk with strangers is considered to be ____________ (entire) proper and really quite normal behavior. ___________, if you do not follow the local rules，the experience may fall flat. For example, if you are in a big group，it is best for one or two
5.possibly
6.friendly
7.entirely
8.However
people to go to buy the drinks. Nothing makes the regular customers and bar staff angry ________(much) than a group of ______________ (strange) blocking all passages to the bar while they chat and hesitate about what to order.
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。讲述的是关于享受英国文化最好的去处：酒吧。
9.more
10.strangers
解析：
1．考查形容词最高级。根据语境分析可知，此处暗含了一定的范围，即“在英国”，所以应填提示词的最高级形式。故填best。
2．考查形容词。分析句子成分可知，此处应该填一个形容词作定语，修饰名词pub，所以填提示词的形容词形式。故填traditional。
3．考查名词。所填单词前有定冠词the，其后有介词，因此应填写difficult的名词形式。故填difficulty。
4．考查形容词。hidden是hide的过去分词，又可作形容词，意思是“隐藏的”。此处修饰名词meaning。故填hidden。
5．考查副词。此处在句中修饰系动词，作状语，应该填提示词的副词形式。故填possibly。
6．考查形容词。根据语境“与陌生人友好的交谈”可知，此处在句中作定语，应填提示词的形容词形式。故填friendly。
7．考查副词。此处在句中作状语，修饰形容词proper，应填提示词的副词形式。故填entirely。
8．考查副词。根据语境可知，上下文之间为转折关系，且空格处用逗号与句子其他部分隔开，所以应填表示转折关系的副词however。故填However。
9．考查比较级。根据后面的than可知，此处填提示词的比较级形式。故填more。
10．考查名词复数。根据横线所在的位置可知此处应填名词词性，短语“a group of”只修饰名词复数。故填strangers。