2024届高考英语语法专题突破 动词的构词规律、情态动词和虚拟语气课件(共63张PPT)

(共63张PPT)
第三讲　动词的构词规律、情态动词和虚拟语气
考点突破 · 精讲即练
考点一　表示“使，使成为”的动词词缀
前缀en- large→enlarge 扩大，放大， rich→enrich 丰富， sure→ensure 保证， danger→endanger 使遭到危险， courage→encourage 鼓励
后缀-en short→shorten 缩短， dark→darken (使)变黑， less→lessen 减弱， worse→worsen 恶化， deep→deepen 加深， broad→broaden 变宽， fright→frighten 使惊恐
后缀-ize/-ise modern→modernize 使现代化， apology→
apologize 道歉， real→realize 实现
后缀-fy/-ify class→classify 将……分类， pure→purify 净化， beauty→beautify 美化
即时演练(一)
单句语法填空
1．The day celebrates the importance of families. It aims to ________ (deep) people's understanding of issues that are related to families.
2．In the process of creating the civilized city, we all should do our best to __________ (beauty) our community.
3．I am about to ___________ (apology) to the boy, but he is gone.
4．Daily practice _________ (able) me to speak English fluently in class.
5．Gossip can also have a third effect: it _____________ (strength) unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act.
deepen
beautify
apologize
enables
strengthens
考点二　情态动词的5个基本用法
一、表示能力
1．表示现在的能力：can, am/is/are able to。
2．表示将来的能力：will be able to。
3．表示过去的能力：could表示过去的能力，不表示是否成功地做了；was/were able to表示过去有能力做而且成功地做了。
I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if I can have enough money.
如果我有足够的钱，我将和约翰一起去欧洲度假。
二、表示可能和推测
1．表示肯定：can表示客观上的可能，意为“有时会”；may/might/could表示可能；must表示一定；should/ought to表示应该。
2．表示否定：can't/couldn't表示不可能；may not/might not表示可能不；shouldn't/oughtn't to表示应该不会。
3．表示疑问：can/could表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度。
It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.
在我的家乡，三月份通常很暖和，但有时也会很冷。
三、表示提出请求、建议、发出指示、许可、禁止、义务、责任
1．请求对方允许时用May/Can/Could I/we...
2．主动提出帮忙或提出建议时用Shall I/we...
3．提出请求、问题、看法时用Will/Would you...？或Shall he/she/they...
4．should/ought to表示义务或建议，意为“应该”，shouldn't/oughtn't to表示不应该。
5．may/can表示允许、许可。
6．must表示必须，mustn't表示禁止。
7．shall与第二、三人称连用，用于陈述句，表示命令、警告、允诺、威胁；当宣布法律、规定时也常用shall。
One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.(规定)
我们的其中一项规定是每位学生在校期间必须穿校服。
四、表示必要性
1．must do sth.表示主观上认为“必须做某事”；have to do sth.表示因客观环境或事态促使而“不得不做某事”。
2．needn't/don't have to表示“不必”。
You needn't get the machine repaired this week. I won't need it until next month.
这周你不必请人修理机器，我到下个月才用。
五、表示愿望、决心
will/would可与各种人称连用，表示主语的意志或决心。will表示意愿时其否定形式为won't，通常用于有生命体，但有时也用于无生命体，这时把无生命体拟人化了。
—Why hasn't the cook arrived yet today
—She just won't come for such a low salary.
——为什么今天厨师还没来？
——这么低的薪水她不愿意来了。
即时演练(二)
完成句子
1．安吉拉与西蒙进行了辩论，试图说服他改变主意，但西蒙不愿意听。
Angela reasoned with Simon, trying to persuade him to change his mind, but Simon ______________________.
would not listen to her
2．你不必道歉；任何人都可能迟到。过来坐下。
You________________________; it can happen to anybody to be e and sit down.
3．如果您能考虑我的建议，我将不胜感激。
I_________________ if you could consider my suggestion.
4．在这种情况下，如果说有什么话题最需要避免，那一定就是大家的收入。
Under the circumstances, if there is any topic that most needs avoiding, it _________________________.
don't have to apologize
would appreciate it
must be people's income
5．我奶奶已经七十多岁了，但她仍然可以不戴眼镜看书。
My grandma is over seventy, but _____________________________.
she can still read without glasses
考点三　情态动词的6种特殊用法
1．can/could的否定式与比较级连用表示最高级。
2．can/could的否定式与enough或too (much)连用表示“再……也不为过”。
3．must可表示“偏要，硬要”，常用于疑问句或条件状语从句。
4．may/might as well表示“最好；不妨”。
5．would可表示过去的习惯，与used to相比，前者常表示过去反复的动作，后者常表示过去的状态或习惯现在已不复存在。
6．should有时表示说话人对某事感到意外、惊奇，意为“竟然会”。
I can't thank him too much.
我再怎么感谢他也不为过。
—Must you interrupt now Can't you see I'm on the phone
—Sorry, sir, but it's urgent.
——你非得现在打断我吗？你没看见我在打电话吗？
——对不起，先生，我有急事。
If you think the price of beef is too high, you may as well buy some pork.It's up to you.
如果你认为牛肉的价格太高，你不妨买些猪肉。这取决于你。
He would get up early when he was in the country.
他住在乡下时常常早起。
即时演练(三)
完成句子
1．做实验时你越仔细越好。
You________________________ when doing experiments.
2．就我个人而言，你最好抓住这个机会，否则一旦错过就再也不会得到另外一个机会了。(seize)
Personally I think you__________________________, or you'll probably never get another once you miss it.
can not be too careful
may as well seize the chance
3．我们很惊讶，他对实验结果的预测竟然如此准确。(precise)
We are surprised that his prediction about the experiment result________
__________.
should be
so precise
考点四　“情态动词＋have done”的2类用法
一、对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测
must have done (过去)一定做过……；语气比较肯定；用于肯定句
may(might) have done (过去)可能做过……；语气不确定；用于肯定句或否定句
can(could) have done 用于否定句或疑问句，表示怀疑或不确定
二、表示“与过去事实相反”
could have done 过去本来可以做某事但实际上没做
needn't have done 过去本不必做某事但实际上做了
ought to/should have done 过去本应该做某事但实际上没做
oughtn't to/ shouldn't have done 过去不应该做某事但实际上做了
might have done 过去可能做某事但实际上没做
We could have faced the difficulty together, but why didn't you tell me
我们本来可以一起面对困难，但是你为什么不告诉我？
Mark needn't have hurried.Driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.
马克本不必着急。他开得飞快，早到了半小时。
即时演练(四)
单句语法填空
1．Your cousin ______ have enjoyed his trip in Jixian County, didn't he He looks amazingly different.
2．The spokesman did not regret what he had said at the conference but felt that he could ________________ (express) it indirectly.
3．This _____ have been an improvement, but “breakthrough” was an overstatement.
must
have expressed
may
4．I'm not feeling well in the stomach. I shouldn't ____________ (eat) so much fried chicken just now.
5．You ought to ___________ (come) to the party yesterday, but why didn't you come
have eaten
have come
考点五　虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气用于条件句中的4种情况
1．虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用
类别 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词
与现在事实相反 过去式(be用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词
类别 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词
与将来事 实相反 过去式(be用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形
should＋动词原形 were to＋动词原形 If he had time now, he would (should/could/might) go with you.
如果他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)
If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would (should/could/might) have met the famous singer.
如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反)
If it were to snow/should snow/snowed this evening, they would (should/could/might) not go out.
如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)
2．虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装
如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should，有时可把if省略，把were/had/should提到主语之前形成倒装；若为否定形式，not不可提前。
Had he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
要是他赶上了早晨的火车，那他开会就不会迟到了。
3．错综时间条件句
有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们各自发生的时间加以调整。
If we had booked a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in a queue.
如果我们早些订位子，现在也就不用站在这里排队了。(if条件句是对过去的虚拟，而主句是对现在的虚拟)
4．含蓄条件句
(1)有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用but for, without等介词(短语)来表示。
We wouldn't have finished the project on time without your timely help.
如果没有你的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。
(2)用连词otherwise, or等暗示下文与前面的情况相反，从而引出下文的虚拟语气。
He reminded me of the meeting, otherwise I would have forgotten it.
他提醒了我会议的事，要不然我就忘了。
(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，句型结构为“虚拟情况＋but＋真实情况”。
She would have come to see you, but she was so busy that day.
她本来想来看望你的，但那天她太忙了。
即时演练(五)
单句语法填空
1．I was busy finishing my paper that day. Otherwise I _____________ (go) there with them.
2．If he ______________ (listen) to the teacher attentively yesterday, he would know the answer to the problem now.
3．If he __________ (lie) quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldn't suffer so much now.
would have gone
had listened
had lain
4．Had you studied harder at college, you _________________ (get) a better job now.
5．I might not have been wet then if I ___________ (take) my raincoat with me this morning.
would/could get
had taken
二、虚拟语气用于名词性从句中的4种情况
1．在“It is＋important/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pity＋that ...”句型中，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。
It's vital that we (should) take our safety driving along the road seriously.
重视道路安全驾驶是至关重要的。
2．在would rather (that)后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生的动作，从句用过去完成时。
I'd rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.
要是他前天和我一起去海边就好了。
3．句中含有以下单词或其变形时，该句中的名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句)部分常用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。
4．动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
事实情况 从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反 过去式(be动词一般用were)
与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词
与将来事实相反 would/could＋动词原形
即时演练(六)
单句语法填空
1．It is essential that these application forms __________________ (send) back as early as possible.
2．It is strongly recommended that the machines __________________ (check) every year.
3．How I wish I ______________ (not, try) to repair the cellphone! I only made it worse.
(should) be sent
(should) be checked
hadn't tried
4．My suggestion is that more people from all walks of life _________
___________ (encourage) to finance the project with their deeper love for these children.
5．My husband is always talking about the economy, but I'd rather he _________ (focus) more on our children's education.
(should) be
focused
encouraged
三、3个特定句式中的虚拟语气
句型结构 过去虚拟 现在虚拟 将来虚拟
if only引导的条件句及感叹句 had＋过去分词 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形
句型结构 过去虚拟 现在虚拟 将来虚拟
as if/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句 had＋过去分词 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形
It is(high) time(that)．.. 过去式或“should＋动词原形” 【点津】
在虚拟语气中，关键词的意义和语境是判断句子是否为虚拟语气的重点，解决此类问题要重点考虑时间和主从句结构两个方面。
即时演练(七)
单句语法填空
1．I felt so embarrassed when being blamed by my teacher in class. If only I _______________ (complete) my homework last night!
2．They stared at me as if I __________ (come) from the outer space.
3．Some animals are in danger of dying out, so it is high time that the government ________________ (take) some measures to protect endangered animals.
had completed
had come
took/should take
集训夯基 · 素养提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．—I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.
—Well, you never know! You may ___________(make) a better impression than you think.
解析：考查情态动词。句意：——老实说，我觉得我不会被录取。——唉，谁知道呢！你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。根据句意可知，此处表示过去可能做某事，应用“情态动词＋have done”形式。故填have made。
have made
2．It used to be that you _______drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.
解析：考查情态动词。句意：过去你可能在这里开车几英里都看不到一个人，但现在到处都有房屋和人。根据句意可知，该处表示对客观可能性的推测。故填could。
could
3．Jim says we _____stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.
解析：考查情态动词。根据空后的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim允许我们待在他的房子里，即我们“能，可以”待在他的房子里。故填can。
can
4．You shouldn't ______________(scold) him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.
解析：考查情态动词。根据语境可知，此处表示“本不应该”， shouldn't have done指做了过去本不该做的事，空前已有shouldn't。故填have scolded。
have scolded
5．If I hadn't been faced with so many barriers, I wouldn't ____(be) where I am.
解析： 考查虚拟语气。此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后的where I am可知，主句是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应用would do形式，空前已有wouldn't, 故填be。
be
6．The workers were not better organized, otherwise they would ___________________(accomplish) the task in half the time.
解析：考查虚拟语气。根据空前的“The workers were not better organized”可知，这是对过去情况的含蓄虚拟。从句应用should (would/could/might)＋have＋done，空前已有would。故填have accomplished。
have accomplished
7．(江苏卷)What a pity！You missed the sightseeing，or we ________________ (have) a good time together.
解析：考查虚拟语气。根据关键词or可知应用虚拟语气，这里表示与过去的事实相反，谓语动词应用would/could/should/might＋have done。故填would have had。
would have had
8．(天津卷)I can't find my purse.I _____________________(leave) it in the supermarket yesterday，but I'm not sure.
解析：考查情态动词。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去发生事情的推测，因此用“情态动词＋have done”，再根据后句but I'm not sure可知，此推测为不太肯定的推测，所以用could/might have done。故填could/might have left。
could/might have left
9．(北京卷)In today's information age，the loss of data _____ cause serious problems for a company.
解析：考查情态动词。can在此表示客观可能性，意为“可能会，有时候会”。故填can。
10．(北京卷)They might have found a better hotel if they ___________
(drive) a few more kilometers.
解析：考查虚拟语气。根据主句的谓语形式以及语境(事情已经发生)可知，if条件句应该用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，因此从句谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。故填had driven。
can
had driven
11．(江苏卷)It's strange that he ________ have taken the books without the owner's permission.
解析：考查情态动词。此处should作情态动词，表示“竟然”，符合语境。 故填should。
should
Ⅱ.语法填空
情态动词和虚拟语气篇
I________ not have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me.Zhang Min is a fantastic dancer.I wish I __________(dance) as well as her.No one _______ be compared with her in dancing.Jack is more of a talker than a doer.Teachers always tell him it's high time that he _________________(do) something instead of just talking.Every time I get close enough to hear them speaking Chinese，I ________ say “Ni Hao” to them.Teachers recommend that parents
1.need
2.danced
3.can
4.did/should do
5.will
______________________(not，allow) their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.Students ________ obey school rules.Every student must wear school uniform while at school.If a student __________(not) wear school uniform，he would be punished immediately.According to the rules，students _________ get grades not lower than 85 in any subject in order to get the scholarship.It is beyond my imagination that students here ___________ be so crazy about Harry Potter series like me.
语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文中介绍了作者来到一所新学校的情况，以及学校的一些规定。
6.(should) not allow
7.must
8.didn't
9.shall
10.should
解析：
1．考查情态动词。因为这儿的同学对我都非常友好，在来新学校之前我本不需要担心的。故填needn't。
2．考查虚拟语气。我希望我跳舞像她一样好。wish 后面的宾语从句往往用虚拟语气，而且与现在相反。故填danced。
3．考查情态动词。没有人像她跳得一样好。表示能力要用can。故填can。
4．考查虚拟语气。It is high time that＋sb.should do/did sth.到了某人该做某事的时候了。故填did/should do。
5．考查情态动词。每当我靠近他们听见他们说汉语的时候，我会对他们说“你好”。will可以表示现在的习惯。故填will。
6．考查虚拟语气。recommend后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。故填(should) not allow。
7．考查情态动词。学生必须要服从校规。must 表示强制。故填must。
8．考查虚拟语气。如果学生在校期间不穿校服，他会立即受到惩罚。因为主句谓语用would do，表示对现在的虚拟，所以条件从句中用过去式表示对现在的虚拟。故填didn't。
9．考查情态动词。根据规定，学生如果想拿奖学金，任一单科成绩不得低于85分。shall用于第三人称，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“应，必须”。故填shall。
10．考查情态动词。我没有想到这里的学生竟然像我一样痴迷《哈利·波特》系列丛书。 should在此意为“竟然”，表示惊讶。故填should。
Ⅲ.写作运用(根据汉语提示完成下面短文，注意情态动词和虚拟语气的运用)
Dear Eric,
I'm Li Hua.Do you still remember me I studied in your school for 3 months a couple of years ago.I'm very grateful for your help during my study in the US.At that time, you often recommended that 1.___________________
____________________________ (我应该结交新朋友和适应新生活)．Without your help, 2._________________________________________
(我不可能那么享受我在那儿的生活)．Besides, if you hadn't helped me, 3.________________________________________ (我的英语就不可能提高得那么快).
I (should) make new
I couldn't have enjoyed my life there so much
my English couldn't have improved so quickly
friends and adapt to the new life
By the way, do you know how everything is going with Mr. Smith I failed to contact him after I left America.I'd appreciate it 4._______________
_____________________________________ (如果你能给我他的邮箱地址或电话号码)．I remember that you are very interested in Chinese culture.If you were free during this winter holiday, how I wish 5.___________________
_______________________________________________(你能在春节期间
if you could offer
you could come to China
me his e-mail address or telephone number
during the Spring Festival to experience Chinese culture
来中国体验中国文化)！I would rather that 6._________________________
________________ (你和我们一起欢度春节)．I'm sure it will be an unforgettable trip for you.I would be very happy 7._____________________
__________(如果你接受我的邀请).
I am looking forward to your coming.
Yours，
Li Hua
you spent the Spring Festival
if you were to accept my
with us happily
invitation